Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equality – Italy

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Equality – Italy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Equality – Italy"

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Mrsevic, Zorica. "Gender equality and equal opportunity mechanisms in Italy." Temida 10, no. 3 (2007): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0703051m.

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As a country of Southern European mentality Italy may be taken as the nearest-to-the-Balkans model of the gender equality mechanisms and necessity of their existence. Italy also might be taken as a model of domain and methods of functioning of the gender equality mechanisms as well as their connections with the EU development funds. Besides the Italian Ministry for Rights and Equal opportunities and the National Committee, the attention was paid to the whole range of local mechanisms and legal regulations dealing with advancement of women?s employment and counteracting discrimination on the labor market. In the text are analyzed through the five chapters the Italian mechanisms/institutions for gender equality as located within the European institutional environment but also within the context of Italian recent history of struggle against gender based discrimination. It was stressed that the essence of the accumulated European institutional wisdom is in diversity of the gender equality bodies rather then in their uniformity. Although the Italian mechanisms for gender equality are part of the European institutional environment their aim is to meet the internal needs for advancement of gender equality. Besides, the mechanisms also meet the demands of the international standards comprised in the documents issued by the UN and the EU. In European countries these mechanisms are frequently established and function in the domains of the labor and employment regulations, but also are located within the human rights portfolios while somewhere are connected with the minority rights and equal opportunity implementation.
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Mellone, James Tasato. "The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution." History: Reviews of New Books 35, no. 2 (January 2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2007.10527030.

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GORI, Elena, Alberto ROMOLINI, and Silvia FISSI. "Local Authorities’ Policies for Disseminating Gender Equality. Evidence from Italy." Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, no. 53 E (February 26, 2018): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/tras.53e.3.

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Faraguna, Pietro. "Regulating Religion in Italy." Journal of Law, Religion and State 7, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00701003.

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This article focuses on state-church relations and on the peculiar implementation of the “idea of secularism” in Italy. First, it explores the formal provisions of the 1848 Constitution. Next, it investigates constitutional provisions that came into force in 1948. Finally, it examines how the actors of the living constitution (legislators, the government, judges, and the Constitutional Court in particular) tried to balance and develop the potentially conflicting principles included in the 1948 Constitution in the area of religious freedom, equality, and state-church relations. The article explores three particularly controversial examples: the teaching of religion in state schools; the display of the crucifix in classrooms; and state funding mechanisms of religious denominations. The main claim of the article is that, with regard to the regulation of religion in Italy, the transformation of the constitutional position of religion did not occur within the formal constitution, but in the “living constitution.”
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Bencivenga, Rita, and Eileen Drew. "Promoting gender equality and structural change in academia through gender equality plans: Harmonising EU and national initiatives." GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft 13, no. 1-2021 (March 15, 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v13i1.03.

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Gender equality has been actively promoted in EU academic institutions by the European Commission’s Science with and for Society (SwafS) programme through the implementation of gender equality plans (GEP). GEP formulation and implementation was strongly influenced by involvement in EU projects in Irish as well as Italian higher education institutions. The paper draws upon experience of the EU project SAGE (H2020), in which Irish and Italian universities actively cooperated, the Athena SWAN Charter in Ireland, Positive Action Plans (PAP) in Italy, and semi structured interviews with gender experts in Irish and Italian higher education institutions to explore the degree to which participation in EU and national initiatives can promote similar outcomes by the adoption of positive actions. The paper concludes that a harmonised strategy, focusing on common priorities and respecting cultural, political and social diversity, could promote the internationalization of the higher education sector and accelerate the process towards gender equality in academia.
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Ciacci, Carolina, Gioacchino Leandro, Piero Alberto Testoni, and Craxì Antonio. "Gender equality in medicine: What do gastroenterologists from Italy think of it?" Digestive and Liver Disease 50, no. 7 (July 2018): 725–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2018.04.006.

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Stanislao G. Pugliese. "The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution (review)." Catholic Historical Review 94, no. 2 (2008): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0065.

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Pibaev, Igor. "The principle of secularism of the state in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Italy: all roads lead to Rome." Sravnitel noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie 29, no. 5 (2020): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/1812-7126-2020-5-56-73.

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The main characteristics of the European approach to the understanding of state secularism in many respects is based on the interpretations of Article 9 of the 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the European Court of Human Rights are, on the one hand, private freedom of faith, civil and political equality of citizens regardless of their confession, and non-discrimination, and on the other, the autonomy of religious communities from the state and the non-interference of religious organizations in public governance. The article shows the special way these values were implemented in the Italian state from the moment of drafting and adoption of the Constitution in 1947 to the present time. We analyze the judgments of the Constitutional Court of Italy interpreting articles 2, 3, 7, 8, 17, 19 and 20 of the Constitution of Italy on freedom of faith and the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and other religious communities of Italy with state authorities of the Republic of Italy. The author underlines the characteristic features of Italian secularism, including the principle of “bi-lateralization” providing for the possibility of combining the principle of separation of church and state with the bilateral agreement between the state and religious communities. In the article we try to answer to the questions of how, after the revision of the Lateran Concordat in 1984, the position changed of the Catholic religion, which previously was the state religion, and what role the Constitutional Court of Italy played in this change. Finally, the author concludes that the judgments of the Constitutional Court of Italy de jure promoted centrality and impartiality of all confessions to a great extent, but de facto the problem of realization of the principle of equality still exists, with the Roman Catholic Church preserving its dominant position in political life.
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Ferraro, Olga, and Elena Cristiano. "Examining Gender Equality Information in the Consolidated Mandatory Non-Financial Statements of a Cooperative Banking Group: A Longitudinal Analysis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15120595.

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With the 2014/95/EU Directive, implemented in Italy with Legislative Decree No. 254/2016, public interest entities with specific requirements, including credit institutions, are obliged to report several items of non-financial information (NFI), especially in terms of gender equality, due to the importance of this aspect in the European agenda, in a non-financial statement (NFS). It remains an open question whether NFI disclosure regulations lead to an improvement in reporting quality. In this paper we investigate the quality of the information on gender equality disclosed in the consolidated mandatory NFSs (CNFSs) for the Iccrea Cooperative Banking Group (ICBG) for 2017–2021. We selected ICBG because of the dearth of studies on the cooperative banking sector, which represent a relevant component of the national banking system in Italy. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first study to explore the quality of information on gender equality in mandatory NFSs for a cooperative banking group using a longitudinal approach. The analysis of the case study’s findings provides evidence that ICBG worked to align its gender information with the Decree requirements and the GRI standards. The longitudinal analysis highlights that, during the five years under study, the ICBG’s information on gender came to fully reflect the EU and Italian requirements.
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Bello, Barbara Giovanna. "Empowerment of young migrants in Italy through nonformal education: putting equality into practice." Journal of Modern Italian Studies 16, no. 3 (June 2011): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2011.565634.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equality – Italy"

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Protopapa, V. "ANTIDISCRIMINATION LAW AND LEGAL MOBILISATION IN ITALY. SHAPING EQUALITY FOR MIGRANTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/447144.

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Moving from an analysis of the US literature on public interest law, on law and social change and law and social movements, the research explores how, under what conditions and with what consequences, legal actors have relied on the prohibition of discrimination to challenge nationality related differences of treatment in the Italian context. It will analyse how the implementation of the Racial Equality Directive and the equal treatment clauses provided under EU law with regard to specific categories of TCNs have effected the opportunities for effective enforcement of the prohibition of discrimination at the national level and investigate the extent to which such opportunities have shaped legal strategies. Finally the research will assess the impact of litigation in terms of achieving equal rights in courts and generating policy response.
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GRILLONE, Carmela. "The Slave Coasts. Transnational Sexual Exploitation from Nigeria to Italy. From human trafficking to human rights." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/270607.

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This research intends to open a global debate on the current strong link between migration and prostitution on the basis of the reality observed in Palermo in the timespan 2015-2017. The main three elements emerging from the analysis are criminality, poverty and exploitation. As data suggests, Italy is the favorite destination of the Nigerian sexual exploitation market. In particular, Sicily plays a major role in the sexual exploitation ring involving Nigerian migrants, besides headquartering the Italian as well the Nigerian mafia. The agreement between Cosa Nostra (Sicilian Mafia) and the two organizations known as Black Axe and Eye (Nigerian mafia) represents the starting point for sexual exploitation of Nigerian girls (minors as well as adults). The social and cultural degradation, along with the limited presence of the Italian State in some neighborhood, contributed to the creation of what hereby I call the “Republic of Ballarò”, an outlaw area in the city of Palermo, ruled by the joint venture of the Nigerian-Sicilan mafias.  It is in this criminal context that the Nigeria-Italy transnational sexual exploitation market flourishes.
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Bashir-Ali, Khadar. "The invisible minority: the academic, linguistic, social, and cultural integration of refugee students in the public schools in Italy and the U.S.: a comparative study." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1086249790.

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MANOLKIDIS, Sotirios K. "Granting benefits through constitutional adjudication : the extension of the most favourable norm in Greece and Italy." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4700.

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Defence date: 13 November 1995
Examining board: Prof. G. Amato ; Prof. L. Mª Díez-Picazo, supervisor ; Dr. M. La Torre ; Prof. G. Pitruzzella ; Prof. E. Venizelos
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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REBANE, Marit. "The start of inequality : evidence from Italian time-use data." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/49144.

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Defence date: 28 November 2017
Examining Board: Professor Fabrizio Bernardi (Supervisor), European University Institute; Professor Jonathan Gershuny, University of Oxford; Professor Martin Kohli, European University Institute; Professor Maria Letizia Tanturri, University of Padua
The thesis consists of three empirical studies which explore the origins of various social inequalities arising at early ages. Italian Time Use Survey data from 2003 and 2009 is used. First, the educational and developmental gradients in childcare are under observation. More educated parents are expected not only to spend more time with children, i.e. the education gradient in child care, but also to alter their childcare time in order to cater children´s developmental needs more, i.e. the developmental gradient in childcare. The empirical results show that: (i) highly educated mothers alter the composition of active childcare time to suit children´s developmental needs more than less educated mothers; (ii) the developmental gradient in fathers´ childcare time only exists for certain activities and child ages; (iii) interesting time-use patterns of compensation emerge for couples with different educational backgrounds. Second study compares the time use of children from single-mother and intact families, using propensity score matching. The time diaries of children between age 3 and 10 years are scrutinized. Given the multitude of literature on the negative aspects of witnessing parental break-up, and being raised by a single-mother, the results are somewhat surprising. No systematic and large differences in the use of free time between the treatment and the control group. The greatest difference concerns daily meals with parent(s) that are about a quarter of an hour shorter in single-parent families. Third empirical study adds the perspective of different parental investments by children´s birth order which serves as an indicator of relative disadvantage. The analytical sub-sample consists of families with two and three children aged from 3 to 11 years. The contribution to available studies is (i) connecting the diaries of both parents and all children in the family by place codes, which enables to (ii) scrutinize the link between birth order and parental childcare investments by parental education. Results indicate that each day second-born children receive on average 88 minutes and third-born children 114 minutes less interactive care compared to their first-born sibling, while controlling for children´s age, gender, and other characteristics. The disadvantage arising from birth-order is about 47 minutes smaller if mother has secondary or tertiary education. Siblings fixed effects models underline that the differences in investing time in children are greater between families than inside families.
Chapter 2 'Double advantage or disadvantage? the effect of parental education on child care' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Double advantage or disadvantage? Parental education and children's developmental stages in Italy' (2015) in the journal 'Electronic International Journal of Time Use Research (eIJTUR)'
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Liccardo, A., M. C. Agodi, A. Gargano, M. R. Masullo, I. Picardi, and O. Pisanti. "Primo Bilancio di Genere dell'Ateneo Fridericiano." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13521.

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Trillò, Tommaso. "Constructing a European Culture of Gender Equality on Social Media: European and National (mis)Allignments." Phd diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/27041.

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This project analyzes the narratives of gender equality circulated on the social media platform Twitter by a sample of gender equality institutions, women’s rights activists, LGBTI rights activists, and private users over a year-long timespan (1 September 2016 – 31 August 2017). My aim is to analyze ‘gender equality’ as an object of knowledge constructed in the sampled discourses. The data is sampled across the supranational-national divide, with part of the sample referring to the supranational level of ‘Europe’ and part of the sample referring to a national case study on Italy. My analysis adopts the framework of Social Media – Critical Discourse Studies and takes inspiration from different (de)constructivist approaches across the social sciences. Findings are as follows. I interpret Twitter users as subjects of discourses and practices that take place beyond Twitter as a platform and shape their narratives and subject position therein. Gender equality emerges as an object of knowledge in the discursive contestation between their narratives. Gender equality is often defined in ‘neoliberalized’ terms that make it a non-political goal that is instrumental for the achievement of economic growth. This vision is resisted by a more progressive counter-narrative that defines gender equality through a set of value-based arguments for its achievement. In this contexts, ‘Europe’ is constructed as a socio-political space characterized by a commitment to gender equality that is, however, grounded in market-based justifications. By comparison, gender equality seems to be far more politicized at the Italian national level.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 675378
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Capoccia, Debora. "Belief in equality of opportunities and attitudes towards immigrants in Italy: The mediator effect of institutional trust." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21160.

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The thematic area of the research is the populist narrative in Italy and the analysis of the phenomenon through the perception of equality of opportunities, the trust on institutions and the attitudes towards immigrants. In Italy with the growing of national populism there have been witnessed some intolerant attitudes towards immigrants. The differences between majority group and minority group and a discriminating narrative have been observed among the population. We therefore wanted to research the influences and the connections among these constructs. Based on literature review, we found that the relation between equality of opportunities and attitudes towards immigrants has not been deeply studied. The data used in the study are part of the database of European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9. The study includes the analysis of the responses given by two thousand, seven hundred forty-five Italian people to the constructs that constituted the objects of the research. The results showed positive and significant correlations among equality of opportunities beliefs, attitudes towards immigrants and trust in institutions. A simple mediation model was tested and revealed an indirect effect of equality of opportunities beliefs and attitudes towards immigrants through trust in institutions. The implications of the results for the improvements of intergroup contact are discussed.
A área temática da pesquisa é a narrativa populista na Itália e a análise do fenômeno através da percepção da igualdade de oportunidades, da confiança nas instituições e das atitudes em relação aos imigrantes. Na Itália, com o crescimento do populismo nacional, testemunharam-se algumas atitudes intolerantes em relação aos imigrantes. As diferenças entre o grupo majoritário e o grupo minoritário e uma narrativa discriminatória foram observadas entre a população. Portanto, queríamos pesquisar as influências e as conexões entre esses enunciados. Com base na revisão da literatura, descobrimos que a relação entre igualdade de oportunidades e atitudes em relação aos imigrantes não foi profundamente estudada. Os dados utilizados no estudo fazem parte da base de dados do European Social Survey (ESS) Round 9. O estudo inclui a análise das respostas dadas por dois mil setecentos e quarenta e cinco italianos as perguntas que constituíram os objetos do pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram correlações positivas e significativas entre crenças de igualdade de oportunidades, atitudes em relação aos imigrantes e confiança nas instituições. Um modelo de mediação simples foi testado e revelou um efeito indireto de crenças de igualdade de oportunidades e atitudes em relação aos imigrantes através da confiança nas instituições. As implicações dos resultados são discutidas.
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Books on the topic "Equality – Italy"

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The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From equality to persecution. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006.

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Sarfatti, Michele. The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From equality to persecution. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 2006.

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Checchi, Daniele. Regional disparities and inequality of opportunity: The case of Italy. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Bortone, Roberta, and Rosa Quesada Segura. Gender equality in the European Union: Comparative study of Spain and Italy. Edited by Perán Quesada Salvador. Cizur Menor (Navarra): Thomson Reuters/Aranzad, 2012.

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Livraghi, Renata. Equality Development and Peace: The Women's Role in Italy: 1975-1985 : Ten Years of Profound Change. [Roma]: Presidency of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, 1985.

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Nel segno della Costituzione: La nostra carta per il futuro. Milano: Feltrinelli, 2012.

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Lee, Mijun. Legislating for Gender Equality in Korea: The Role of Women and Political Parties in Shaping the Timing of Legislation. Tempe, Arizona: Arizona State University, 2019.

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1932-, Blanpain R., Numhauser-Henning Ann 1951-, and Burri Susanne, eds. Women in academia and equality law: Aiming high--falling short? : Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom. The Hague, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, 2006.

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Sgarbi, Marco. The Democratization of Knowledge in Renaissance Italy. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721387.

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The book identifies to what extent it is possible to speak of a democratization of knowledge in Renaissance Italy. It establishes the boundaries of the present investigation within the Aristotelian tradition, and outlines democratization as a process capable of assigning power to people. It deals with how the democratization of knowledge historically is invested equally in ideas from religion and philosophy, involving the same democratizers, moved by similar intentions, employing identical techniques of vulgarization and targeting equivalent communities of recipients.
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Ramella, Francesco, and Carlo Trigilia, eds. Reti sociali e innovazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-129-8.

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The lagging behind of the Italian economy in the sphere of technologically advanced manufacture represents a significant factor in the debate on the risks of the country's decline. Nevertheless we know relatively little about the diffusion in Italy of companies specialising in information technology. The research presented in this book – the outcome of a national project – reveals how this sector is dominated by small businesses, concentrated in a number of urban areas (the cases studied are Pisa, Florence, Turin, Osimo and Castelfidardo). It emerges that the social networks linking the businessmen with University researchers are crucial to an understanding of the processes of innovation. But what is equally important is the capacity of the collective entities, both public and private, to provide the entire country with the services that are indispensable for the development of enterprise.
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Book chapters on the topic "Equality – Italy"

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Zincone, Giovanna. "Women in Decision-Making Arenas: Italy." In Women, Equality and Europe, 160–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19187-1_11.

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Gabai, Sara. "The anti-gender countermovement and the backlash against equality." In LGBTQI Digital Media Activism and Counter-Hate Speech in Italy, 9–32. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003289951-2.

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Belgeonne, Clive, Viktória Mihalkó, Balázs Nagy, Dorottya Rédai, and Areta Sobieraj. "Developing Gender Equality Charter Marks in England, Hungary and Italy—Working with Schools." In Gender Equality and Stereotyping in Secondary Schools, 37–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64126-9_2.

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Tsouroufli, Maria, Dorottya Rédai, and Valentina Guerrini. "Teachers’ and Students’ Views on the Implementation of GECM in England, Hungary and Italy." In Gender Equality and Stereotyping in Secondary Schools, 197–229. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64126-9_7.

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Donà, Alessia. "Using the EU to Promote Gender Equality Policy in a Traditional Context: Reconciliation of Work and Family Life in Italy." In The Europeanization of Gender Equality Policies, 99–120. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355378_5.

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Vampa, Davide. "Spain: Finding a Balance Between Territorial Equality and Strong Regional Identities." In The Regional Politics of Welfare in Italy, Spain and Great Britain, 95–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39007-9_6.

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Tsouroufli, Maria, and Dorottya Rédai. "Whole-School Approaches for Promoting Gender Equality in Secondary Schools in England, Hungary and Italy: Reflections and Conclusions." In Gender Equality and Stereotyping in Secondary Schools, 231–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64126-9_8.

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Francioni, Francesco. "Overcoming the Judicial Conundrum: The Road to a Diplomatic Solution." In Remedies against Immunity?, 343–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_19.

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AbstractThe role of international law and of international lawyers is at its best when it results in a ‘work of reconciliation and realistic construction’ (Dag Hammarskjöld, 1953). Unfortunately, it is difficult to find much of this spirit in the unfolding, regrettable and never-ending saga of Germany versus Italy. In answering the basic question of whether Germany is obliged to negotiate a settlement with Italy, this chapter argues that even if there is no hard and fast legal obligation, there is a political and moral obligation to negotiate a settlement, as indicated by paragraph 104 of the Jurisdictional Immunities Judgment of the International Court of Justice (ICJ); the same obligation is incumbent upon Italy. The current legal ‘black hole’ cannot be filled by further proceedings before the ICJ because immunity serves the value of the equality of states, yet equality is not a value in its own sake but is functional to the preservation of peaceful and orderly international relations and to the ‘realistic construction’ of conditions for the fulfilment of human rights. Negotiations in view of the creation of a joint German–Italian fund for the reparation of victims is the appropriate way to overcome the present impasse and to do justice to a whole class of victims who so far have fallen into oblivion.
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Simeon-Fayomi, Bolanle C., Valentina Guerrini, and Denise Tonelli. "Are teachers agents of change? Teacher training and the gender dimension in adult education: Italy and Nigeria in comparison." In International and Comparative Studies in Adult and Continuing Education, 149–64. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-155-6.10.

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Adult education can play a fundamental role in changing existing gender hierarchies, break-ing down gender stereotypes, and promoting gender equality. Teachers can be important agents of change, but they not only have to be aware of their behaviours, attitudes, and views, they also have to be able to understand the specific needs and interests of learners, to use gen-der-based methods, and to implement practices free of gender stereotypes. In order to do this, adequate education and training are needed, but both in Italy and Nigeria, gender issues are not part of the education and training curriculum, and much remains to be done for raising awareness of this issue.
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Weisband, Suzanne, Sherry Schneider, and Terry Connolly. "Participation Equality and Influence: Cues and Status in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work Groups." In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work 13–17 September 1993, Milan, Italy ECSCW ’93, 265–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2094-4_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equality – Italy"

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Kuznetsov, Vladimir V. "Design and Technology Development Status and Design Considerations for Innovative Small and Medium Sized Reactors." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48084.

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There is continuing interest in Member States in the development and application of small and medium sized reactors (SMRs), i.e., the reactors with an equivalent electric power of less that 700 MW. In 2006–2007, several distinct ‘families’ of innovative SMRs comprising more than 50 innovative concepts and designs have been analyzed or developed by national or international programmes involving Argentina, Brazil, China, Croatia, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Lithuania, Morocco, Russian Federation, South Africa, Turkey, USA, and Vietnam. Innovative SMRs are under development for all principal reactor lines. The target dates when they could be ready for deployment protrude from 2010 to 2030. The designers of innovative small and medium sized reactors pursue new design and deployment strategies making use of certain advantages provided by smaller reactor size and capacity to achieve reduced design complexity and simplified operation and maintenance requirements, and to provide for incremental capacity increase through multiple plant clustering or multi-module plant construction. Competitiveness of SMRs depends on the incorporated strategies to overcome loss of economies of scale but equally it depends on finding appropriate market niches for such reactors, which generically include markets with limited investment capability potentially benefiting from reaching the targeted nuclear power station capacity incrementally, small electrical grids, off-grid locations, and non-electrical applications of nuclear power.
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Zamperini, Emanuele, Angelo Giuseppe Landi, and Alberto Grimoldi. "MENSIOCHRONOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR TIMBER ELEMENTS: LIMITS AND SPECIFICITIES THROUGH A CASE STUDY." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12126.

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Abstract:
In Italy, studies on wooden structural elements in masonry buildings, from the Middle Ages throughout the Modern Age to the twentieth century, are few in number compared to other European countries and present no systematic approach. It is necessary to carry out progressively, but systematically, high-detailed surveys and to correlate them with the existing discontinuous documentation. Diachronic comparisons – referring to significant geographical areas in which evident constructive constants are recognizable – would highlight the variation over time of the models and their diffusion, while the comparison, especially synchronic, between solutions evidently different or apparently similar, would allow to better understand both the constructive choices and their static behaviour. A series of models – including the structural ones – should be elaborated, for directing design in a sector, often seriously flawed, prone to simplification and the introduction of high safety factors essentially motivated by summary and inadequate surveys of the actual situation. It is also interesting to evaluate the application of mensiochronological techniques to the analysis of timber structures, especially floors. The significant measures for dating are various: dimensions and centre distances of beams and joists, width and thickness of the boards, dimension of the accessory elements (e.g. joint laths), but the working processes and tree species have a decisive impact on the measures of the artefacts. Mensiochronological techniques usually detect slow but evident variations; however, a centuries-old constancy is equally significant. More general information about the context is useful, in particular which choices are not determined by mere technical reasons. A better historical knowledge serves to understand the qualities and limitations of existing structures, and the features – including decay – in which they appear. The floors of Palazzo Magio in Cremona, dating from the fifteenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, allow to reflect on how and what to examine.
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3

Racanelli, A., and J. Fareed. "DIFFERENTIAL NEUTRALIZATION OF UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN (UH) AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARINS (LMWHS) BY HUMAN PLATELET FACTOR FOUR (PF-4)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643502.

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Abstract:
Platelet factor 4 neutralization profiles of four newly developed LMWHs, PK 10169 (Pharmuka, Gennevilliers, France) CY 216 (Choay, Paris, France), KABI 2165 (KabiVitrum, Stockholm, Sweden), OP 2123 (Opocrin, Corlo Italy) and an unfractionated porcine mucosal heparin were studied utilizing amidolytic (anti-factor Xa, anti-factor Ila) and clot based (APTT, Heptest ) assays. The neutralization studies were carried out in normal human pooled plasma in two experimental protocolsIn one set of experiments, PF-4 (10μg/ml) was added to varying amounts of UH or LMWH (10-2.5 μg/ml). In the second set of experiments, the concentration of heparins was fixed at 5 μg/ml and varying amounts of PF-4(10-2.5 μg/ml) were added. The relative neutralization profiles of these heparins were assay dependant. The anticoagulant effects of UH and LMWHs as measured by APTT were equally neutralizable. Similarly the anti-factor Ila actions of both UH and LMWH were effectively neutralized, whereas the anti-factor Xa activity of the LMWHs was less neutralizable than the UH. Different levels of residual anti-Xa activity of the LMWHs were seen whereas the UH was effectively neutralized. Interestingly, although the anti Xa activity of the UH and Kabi 2165 as measured by amidolytic and clot based methods were similiar and more potent than the other LMWHs, however there were differences between their PF-4 neutralization profile. At a gravimetric ratio of 2:1 , the anti Xa activity of the UH was completely neutralized whereas the Kabi 2165 was least neutralized of all of the LMWHs. The slope of the PF-4 titration curves in the anti-factor Xa assays for all of the LMWHs were similar and varied significantly from the UH. PF-4 neutralization of UH and LMWHs was not dependant on the molecular weight or pharmacopoeial potency (USP or antifactor Xa). These results show that UH and LMWHs exhibit a dissociation between the anti-factor Xa and anti-factor Ila neutralization which may contribute to their sustained antithrombotic effects.
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