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Erhag, Thomas. "Legal Aspects of Cross-Border Rehabilitation to Work." European Journal of Social Security 7, no. 2 (June 2005): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270500700203.
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This paper describes the legal situation of European migrant workers who are in need of rehabilitation. For the sick or disabled migrant worker, living in one country and having his/her workplace in another, rehabilitation often raises complicated issues which have to be solved by an equally complex framework of legal rules. In this article, Sweden-Norway is used as a cross-border example to illustrate the problems faced by an insured person and by the social security administration during rehabilitation. The legal problems are basically attributable to differences between social security systems within the EU. Rehabilitation cases are complicated by the fact that the support an individual needs is often not a single benefit. Instead rehabilitation involves a variety of different benefits regulated by different legal instruments. EC Reg. 1408/71 aims to co-ordinate and safeguard the social security rights of migrant workers. However, legal rehabilitation tools, such as sickness and health care benefits, are co-ordinated according to different criteria and special rules covering rehabilitation are not found in the regulation. This leads to a situation where a migrant worker can have the right to cash benefits from one country and health care benefits from another. The result is sometimes confusing, both for the individual and for the administration. The article explores and analyses this confusing situation, paying special attention to the question of legal certainty for the migrant worker.
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Alriksson-Schmidt, Ann, Johan Jarl, Elisabet Rodby-Bousquet, Annika Lundkvist Josenby, Lena Westbom, Kate Himmelmann, Kristine Stadskleiv, et al. "Improving the Health of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for the Multidisciplinary Research Program MOVING ON WITH CP." JMIR Research Protocols 8, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): e13883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13883.
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Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common early onset disabilities globally. The causative brain damage in CP is nonprogressive, yet secondary conditions develop and worsen over time. Individuals with CP in Sweden and most of the Nordic countries are systematically followed in the national registry and follow-up program entitled the Cerebral Palsy Follow-Up Program (CPUP). CPUP has improved certain aspects of health care for individuals with CP and strengthened collaboration among professionals. However, there are still issues to resolve regarding health care for this specific population. Objective The overall objectives of the research program MOVING ON WITH CP are to (1) improve the health care processes and delivery models; (2) develop, implement, and evaluate real-life solutions for Swedish health care provision; and (3) evaluate existing health care and social insurance benefit programs and processes in the context of CP. Methods MOVING ON WITH CP comprises 9 projects within 3 themes. Evaluation of Existing Health Care (Theme A) consists of registry studies where data from CPUP will be merged with national official health databases, complemented by survey and interview data. In Equality in Health Care and Social Insurance (Theme B), mixed methods studies and registry studies will be complemented with focus group interviews to inform the development of new processes to apply for benefits. In New Solutions and Processes in Health Care Provision (Theme C), an eHealth (electronic health) procedure will be developed and tested to facilitate access to specialized health care, and equipment that improves the assessment of movement activity in individuals with CP will be developed. Results The individual projects are currently being planned and will begin shortly. Feedback from users has been integrated. Ethics board approvals have been obtained. Conclusions In this 6-year multidisciplinary program, professionals from the fields of medicine, social sciences, health sciences, and engineering, in collaboration with individuals with CP and their families, will evaluate existing health care, create conditions for a more equal health care, and develop new technologies to improve the health care management of people with CP. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13883
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Jayakody, Chathuranganee, Chamindi Malalgoda, Dilanthi Amaratunga, Richard Haigh, Champika Liyanage, Emlyn Witt, Mo Hamza, and Nishara Fernando. "Approaches to Strengthen the Social Cohesion between Displaced and Host Communities." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 14, 2022): 3413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063413.
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A cohesive society is not only characterised by the availability of basic services and facilities, but also promotes economic equality and inclusion, democracy, and social solidarity. Forced displacement due to disasters and conflict constantly disrupt the path to a sustainable and cohesive society. Displaced communities often struggle with a lack of access to livelihood and a lack of financial independence and social and family stability. With these challenges, a lack of provision of basic services and facilities will create a competition for housing, health, and education between the displaced and host communities. Additionally, the economic competition for jobs and the role of international aid in terms of fairness create social tension between the displaced and the host. Likewise, multiple aspects weaken the social cohesion between displaced and host communities. Within this context, we investigated approaches to enhance social cohesion following disaster-induced and conflict-induced displacement. With the identification of this research need, the research team of the project titled REGARD (REbuild-inG AfteR Displacement) conducted 47 in-depth interviews in four partner countries (U.K., Sweden, Estonia, and Sri Lanka) with community representatives, social support networks, agency networks, officials, etc. Moreover, focus group discussions were conducted with community members in Sri Lanka. The collected data were analysed through a qualitative data analysis procedure. The findings present eight approaches to strengthen the social cohesion between displaced and host communities. These eight approaches include the adequate provision of basic services and facilities without limiting the capacity of the host, support services aimed at local integration, economic integration between the displaced and host, and social cohesion through the built environment.
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Mondani, Hernan, Amir Rostami, Tina Askanius, Jerzy Sarnecki, and Christofer Edling. "Women in Violent Extremism in Sweden." Proceedings 77, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021077015.
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This presentation summarizes a register-based study on women who have been identified as belonging to three violent extremist milieus in Sweden: violent Islamic, violent far-right, and violent far-left extremism. We studied the women in these milieus along a number of analytical dimensions, ranging from demographic and educational to criminal background and network relationships, and compared them to three reference groups: (i) non-extremist biological sisters to female extremists in the study population; (ii) men in the respective extremist milieus; and (iii) female members of other antagonistic milieus such as organized crime. Our results showed that there are both similarities and differences between groups. In some cases, like age and region of birth, there are commonalities between violent far-right and violent far-left women. Regarding region of birth and migration background, women affiliated to violent far-right and violent far-left extremism are predominantly born in Sweden. Women affiliated to violent Islamic extremism tend to be born in Sweden to a greater extent than men in the same milieu, but to a much lesser degree than women in the violent far-right and violent far-left. When it comes to education, women in the violent Islamic milieu are closer to women in violent far-right extremism. Women in violent far-left extremism perform best at school, with consistently higher grades. The average score of women in violent far-left extremism is identical to that of their sisters, and women in violent far-left extremism perform on average substantially better than men in the same milieu. Women in violent Islamic extremism, in contrast, perform on average similarly to men in violent far-left extremism, and they perform better than their biological sisters. Regarding labor market attachment, violent Islamic extremists have the weakest attachment and the highest dependency upon financial assistance as well as a low employment share (36 percent in 2016), but also a relatively high share of individuals with a high number of unemployment days, suggesting that women in violent Islamic extremism experience higher social exclusion. We find the highest employment share among women in violent far-left extremism, where 89 percent are gainfully employed in 2016 (80 percent for at least three of the last five years) and about a 20 percent unemployment share. Men in violent far-left extremism have an employment share around 10 percent below that of the women in far-left extremism for 2016. The highest fractions of individuals that have not been in contact with the health system due to mental disorders are among violent Islamic extremism, with the women’s fraction at 84 percent, compared to their non-extremist sisters and men in the same milieu that are just above 79 percent. Women in violent far-left extremism have the highest share of in-patient major mental disorders among the extremist milieus (3 percent), higher than men in the same milieu (less than 1 percent) as well as than women and their sisters in the other categories. During the period 2007–2016, 68 percent of individuals in the extremist milieus are covered by the register of suspected individuals. The coverage is substantially higher for men, 72 percent than for women, 43 percent. Compared to their sisters, women in all three milieus are criminally active to a much higher extent. However, women in all three milieus are less criminally active than women in other antagonistic milieus, among whom 67 percent have been suspected at least once. In all three milieus, the share of men with a criminal record is about twice as large as that of women. As far as the gender aspect is concerned, we know that extremist milieus generally have a conservative view of the role of women in society. In our results, this is reflected in the low rates of crime in women compared to men, and relatively marginal positions in the co-offending networks. The fact that women in violent far-left extremism have stronger positions in their networks than the other women in the study population is expected, given that the ideology of this milieu allows for greater equality. This means that women in violent far-left extremism participate more often than, e.g., women in violent far-right extremism, in political actions where violence is common. This pattern of gender roles and criminal involvement also holds concerning women in violent Islamic extremism. This milieu has a more traditional view of the role of women than views among even violent far-right extremists. Women in violent Islamic extremism are less involved in crime and, in particular, violent crime.
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Nordmeyer, Kristjane, Trisha Teig, and Nicole Bedera. "“Gender Utopias?”: U.S. Student Reflections on Studying Abroad in Norway and Sweden." Teaching Sociology 45, no. 4 (September 2, 2016): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x16667537.
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This article describes a study abroad experience in Norway and Sweden that was designed to explore gender equality in two of the world’s most gender-progressive countries. Course readings explored the work of feminist sociologists and asked students to think critically about gender equality from a cross-cultural perspective. Students met with leaders in Norway and Sweden who are involved in creating gender-progressive policy and culture, including members of parliament, representatives in the film industry, and social policy experts. Student pre-trip and post-trip responses to writing prompts and trip reflection journals demonstrated the development of an intersectional approach to thinking about gender equality. While some aspects of gender equality were anticipated before the trip, other issues of equality only became evident through our discussion with gender leaders in Scandinavia. This article shares major themes from student reflections and discusses teaching ideas for future study abroad trips.
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Rowe, Andrea May. "Gender and innovation policy in Canada and Sweden." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 344–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-04-2018-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative case study of national innovation system in Canada and Sweden from the perspective of gender equality. The case study focuses on public policy to illuminate the formal aspects of innovation systems as they are conceived by the state in relation to gender, diversity and social inclusion. Formal policy measures are contrasted with interview data to provide a holistic picture of innovation policy as it relates to gender equality in both countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper relies on data from 44 qualitative interviews with innovation leaders in the public sector, private sector and academia in Canada and Sweden, as well as a sample of innovation and gender experts at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in Paris, France, between 2012 and 2014. The theoretical framework draws on feminist institutionalism to explain the gendered interactions of institutions in innovation spaces. Findings This study finds that Sweden is a global policy leader in the development of gender-conscious innovation policy, while Canada has yet to consider a gender-conscious approach to innovation policy. Gender-conscious innovation policy norms have not traveled across the OECD because of administrative solos and political opportunity structures. Research/limitations implications Each of the people contacted to sit for an interview was chosen primarily on their professional title and their ability to speak from a place of knowledge about innovation in their country and or industry, and this creates a success bias within the study focusing on the knowledge of elites in the field. Practical implications This study explores how policy might be reimagined to support gender equality and diversity, thus changing the institutional landscape to support a wider range of innovations and distributing the benefits of innovation in a more equitable way. Social implications This paper challenges assumptions about the social and economic power dynamics reflected in current innovation systems in Canada and Sweden. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind in comparative public policy to explore differences in gender equality and innovation policy in Canada and Sweden. This research also contributes more widely to the existing body of gender, public policy and innovation literatures in Canada and Sweden, respectively.
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Lidwall, Ulrik, and Margaretha Voss. "Gender equality and sick leave among first-time parents in Sweden." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819837791.
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Aims: To examine gender equality in the family and sick leave among first-time parents. Methods: Heterosexuals who became first-time parents between 2002 and 2009 ( N = 223,332) were identified in national registers. Gender equality in the family was evaluated by parental insurance and income from gainful employment representing the domestic and work spheres respectively and was defined as each parent contributing 40–60% of the family total. The risk of a new medically certified sick-leave spell (>14 days) was evaluated by hazard ratio (HR) using the Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic factors. Results: Gender equality was associated with an increased risk of sick leave compared with traditional roles where women had the main responsibility in the domestic sphere and men in the work sphere (HR 1.30 in women and 1.19 in men). In addition, situations with one partner exposed to double burden or untraditional settings were associated with an increased risk. Conclusions: Equal sharing or taking the lion’s share of paid work and domestic responsibilities were associated with an increased risk of sick leave among first-time parents in Sweden. Family-friendly policies are important for facilitating the life of dual earner families, but do not fully counteract the work–life demands of first-time parents.
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Abellan, Antonio, Julio Perez, Rogelio Pujol, Gerdt Sundström, Magnus Jegermalm, and Bo Malmberg. "Partner care, gender equality, and ageing in Spain and Sweden." International Journal of Ageing and Later Life 11, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.16-305.
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We used national surveys to study how older persons’ changing household patterns influence the gender balance of caregiving in two countries with distinct household structures and cultures, Spain and Sweden. In both countries, men and women provide care equally often for their partner in couple-only households. This has become the most common household type among older persons in Spain and prevails altogether in Sweden. This challenges the traditional dominance of young or middle-aged women as primary caregivers in Spain. In Sweden, many caregivers are old themselves. We focus attention to partners as caregivers and the consequences of changing household structures for caregiving, which may be on the way to gender equality in both countries, with implications for families and for the public services.
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Van Vleet, Samuel, Phyllis Cummins, and Abigail Helsinger. "Social Trust, Literacy, and Lifelong Learning: A Comparison of the U.S. and Nordic Countries." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2823.
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Abstract Societal social trust has been shown to be related to economic growth and equality. Low levels of social trust are especially consequential in aging societies and can result in low levels of social capital and greater inequality at older ages. Nordic countries are known for their greater social trust, access to education, economic productivity, and social equality. To better understand social trust promoters, we explored data from the 2012/2014 Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) to examine relationships among social trust, basic skills (i.e., literacy), and non-formal education (NFE) participation for adults ages 45 to 65, in the U.S., Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Additionally, through 19 key informant interviews and a review of the literature, we investigated the structure and availability of NFE across the five nations. As compared to the U.S., adults ages 45 - 65 in Nordic countries have higher levels of social trust (all Nordic countries; p < 0.001), lower rates of poor literacy skills (Finland, Norway, and Sweden; p <.001), greater rates of participation in NFE (Denmark and Sweden; p < 0.05). Through the availability of NFE, such as folk high schools and learning circles in Nordic countries, adults can participate in NFE at little or no cost. Similar programs are not available in the U.S. This research informs policy and practice for the provision of NFE, which is critical to increase levels of social trust, and in turn, to promote economic development, social equality and positive aging in the U.S.
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Hakansson, Anders. "Equality in health and health care during pregnancy: A prospective population-based study from Southern Sweden." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 73, no. 9 (January 1994): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016349409029401.
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Mudrolyubova, Nataliya, Liudmyla Golovko, Tetiana Shevchenko, Artur Zamryha, and Maksym Kutsevych. "Features of legal regulation of social protection in Sweden." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 132–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.06.
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The purpose of the research was to determine Sweden’s positive experience in the field of social protection. To achieve this goal, general and special scientific research methods were used, in particular the system functional method, the method of hermeneutics, dialectical and statistical methods. The authors assume that the Scandinavian model of social protection (Sweden, Norway, Finland) differs from other European countries by a more developed social security system. In Scandinavian countries the state model of social protection prevails. The concept of “social protection” in these countries has been transformed into the concept of “social welfare”. This model includes a compulsory social policy, a state-regulated income level and the egalitarian and general nature of social benefits and assistance. It is concluded that the fundamental principle of the Swedish social model is its universality: it covers all segments of the population. For this reason, its study is particularly relevant. The article reveals the characteristics of social protection against unemployment in Sweden. Special attention is paid to the protection of children’s rights and aspects of family policy and gender equality.
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FRITZELL, JOHAN, and CARIN LENNARTSSON. "Financial transfers between generations in Sweden." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003150.
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This study has examined the flow of financial transfers between generations in Sweden, measured as financial support in the form of relatively large money transactions or gifts over 12 months. Two questions are considered: is there a net downward flow in the Swedish welfare state and, if so, are there differences according to gender and social class? The questions were tested using data from two linked and nationally representative large-scale surveys. The results show that almost all inter-generational transfers are downward, from older to younger generations. Unlike earlier studies of inter-generational transfers, the analysis focuses on inequality, and the results reveal clear class and income gradients. Both giving and receiving were more common among people in the higher social strata. A gender gradient among unmarried (single) recipients was also found, whereby unmarried women more often received financial support than unmarried men. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for social stratification and inequality. From a static or cross-sectional perspective, the results suggest that financial transfers are neutral or even equality promoting, but a dynamic or lifecourse interpretation suggests that financial transfers transmit or even reinforce class inequalities over generations.
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Wester, Gry. "Health, Health Care, and Equality of Opportunity: The Rationale for Universal Health Care." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 32, no. 1 (January 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180122000469.
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AbstractThis article discusses what arguments best support universal health care (UHC), with a focus on Norman Daniels’ equality of opportunity account. This justification for UHC hinges on the assumption of a close relationship between health care and health. But in light of empirical research that suggests that health outcomes are shaped to a large extent by factors other than health care, such as income, education, housing, and working conditions, the question arises to what extent health care is really necessary to protect and promote health, and thereby opportunity. The author argues that, although this challenge to the equality of opportunity rationale is legitimate, it is not sufficiently specified to allow us to adequately assess the extent to which universal health succeeds in protecting equality of opportunity. The article concludes by outlining a more promising strategy for developing a viable rationale for UHC.
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Carlsson, Per, Egon Jonsson, Lars Werkö, and David Banta. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN SWEDEN." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 560–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101151.
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Sweden has a welfare system that is based on the fundamental principle that all citizens are entitled to good health and medical care, regardless of where they live or what their economic circumstances are. Health and medical care are considered to be public sector responsibilities. However, there is growing interest in establishing more private alternatives to public care. An important characteristic of the Swedish healthcare system is its decentralization, with a major role for county councils. County councils are now merging into larger administrative units (region). The whole Swedish system is in the process of reform, mainly because of perceptions that it was too rigid and had insufficient patient orientation. An important factor in the reforms is that power in the system will be even more decentralized and will have greater public input. This change is seen as calling for increased central follow-up and evaluation of matters such as social, ethical, and economic aspects. Although the state has decentralized control, it still attempts to control the general direction of the system through regulation, subsidy, recommendations, and guidelines. An important actor in the system is the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). SBU began in 1987 with assessments of health technologies, but its success has recently led policy makers to extend its coverage to dental care. Health technology assessment is increasingly visible to policy makers, who find it useful in decision making.
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Milenkova, Valentina. "Gender Equality: Approaches and Strategies in University Context." Postmodernism Problems 11, no. 3 (December 5, 2021): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46324/pmp2103241.
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This article is aimed at presenting a series of activities and systematic efforts that have found a place in the development of a Plan for Gender Equality in Research and academia. This endeavor is part of SPEAR project "Supporting and Implementing Plans for Gender Equality in Academia and Research“ under the EU Horizon 2020 Program: to develop specific approaches, activities, and measures systematized in Plans for gender equality to be implemented in the university environment, taking into account the specific national and regional characteristics of universities and structures. The SPEAR project involves universities and non-governmental organizations from 9 European countries: Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Austria, Croatia, Portugal, Lithuania, and Bulgaria (SWU "Neofit Rilski” and PU “P. Hilendarski”). The article reveals the purposeful actions of the team from SWU "N. Rilski" in the direction of creating such a plan, which refers to several structural and organizational aspects. As a basis for the development of the Plan, the article shows the results of a quantitative online survey, which presents attitudes and opinions on the topic of gender equality in social activities and research, as well as the results of in-depth interviews with the SWU deans' and rector's authorities under the topic of women's participation in management and research activities. The article shows the importance of gender equality as an opportunity for active participation in research and teaching of capable and proactive people.
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Rolando, Sara, Jukka Törrönen, and Franca Beccaria. "The gendered relationship with drunkenness among different generations in Mediterranean and Nordic countries." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 2 (March 13, 2020): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520904651.
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The study adopts a qualitative comparative approach to better understand how different dimensions affect social norms regulating alcohol consumption. Female and male attitudes towards drunkenness were analysed on the basis of data from 27 focus groups involving a total of 166 participants from Italy, Finland and Sweden, grouped by age cohort (17–20 and 50–65 years) and educational level. Results suggest that gendered drinking norms may be affected more by the drinking culture than by the degree of gender equality, thus providing a possible explanation of why gender differences in drinking are not always consistent with broader gender inequalities.
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Hearn, Jeff, Marie Nordberg, Kjerstin Andersson, Dag Balkmar, Lucas Gottzén, Roger Klinth, Keith Pringle, and Linn Sandberg. "Hegemonic Masculinity and Beyond." Men and Masculinities 15, no. 1 (March 22, 2012): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x11432113.
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This article discusses the status of the concept of hegemonic masculinity in research on men and boys in Sweden, and how it has been used and developed. Sweden has a relatively long history of public debate, research, and policy intervention in gender issues and gender equality. This has meant, in sheer quantitative terms, a relatively sizeable corpus of work on men, masculinities, and gender relations. There is also a rather wide diversity of approaches, theoretically and empirically, to the analysis of men and masculinities. The Swedish national context and gender equality project is outlined. This is followed by discussion of three broad phases in studies on men and masculinities in Sweden: the 1960s and 1970s before the formulation of the concept of hegemonic masculinity; the 1980s and 1990s when the concept was important for a generation of researchers developing studies in more depth; and the 2000s with a younger generation committed to a variety of feminist and gender critiques other than those associated with hegemonic masculinity. The following sections focus specifically on how the concept of hegemonic masculinity has been used, adapted, and indeed not used, in particular areas of study: boys and young men in family and education; violence; and health. The article concludes with review of how hegemonic masculinity has been used in Swedish contexts, as: gender stereotype, often out of the context of legitimation of patriarchal relations; “Other” than dominant, white middle-class “Swedish,” equated with outmoded, nonmodern, working-class, failing boy, or minority ethnic masculinities; a new masculinity concept and practice, incorporating some degree of gender equality; and reconceptualized and problematized as a modern, heteronormative, and subject-centered concept.
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Harris, John, and Sadie Regmi. "Ageism and equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 38, no. 5 (February 19, 2012): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2011-100417.
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Farrelly, C. "Genes and equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2002.002329.
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Leifman, Håkan. "A Comparative Analysis of Drinking Patterns in Six EU Countries in the Year 2000." Contemporary Drug Problems 29, no. 3 (September 2002): 501–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090202900303.
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This paper compares different aspects of drinking habits in six EU countries: France, Italy, Germany, the UK, Finland and Sweden. Frequency of drinking is highest in France and Italy, lowest in Finland and Sweden, and increases with age in France and Italy in particular, but also in Germany. The average consumed quantity per drinking occasion is highest in Finland, Sweden and the UK and lowest in France and Italy, and the youngest show the highest quantity per drinking occasion in most countries. Also intoxication-oriented drinking is most common in Finland, Sweden and the UK, and in all countries except Italy the youngest report the highest frequency of intoxication. The youngest show the highest mean alcohol consumption in Finland, Sweden and the UK, but the lowest in France, Italy and Germany. In all six countries, men consume at least twice as much alcohol as women.
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Fox, Dov. "Luck, Genes, and Equality." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 4 (2007): 712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00193.x.
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In a little noted passage in A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argued that genetic intervention in the traits of offspring may be morally required as a matter of distributive justice. Given that the “greater natural assets” of each “enables him to pursue a preferred plan of life[,]” Rawls wrote, the parties to the original position “want to insure for their descendents the best genetic endowment.…Thus over time a society is to take steps at least to preserve the general level of natural abilities and to prevent the diffusion of serious defects.…The pursuit of reasonable policies in this regard is something that earlier generations owe to later ones.” (Emphasis added.) Whether biological enhancement actually is a moral obligation we owe to future generations is a question that I have taken up elsewhere, but which lies beyond my scope here. If we agree with Rawls that some measure of safe and effective genetic intervention may be required as a matter of justice, it stands to ask how the distribution of genetic goods – that is, the hereditary basis of human traits – should be carried out.
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Capron, Alexander Morgan. "At Law: Liberty, Equality, Death!" Hastings Center Report 26, no. 3 (May 1996): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3527928.
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Aburto, José Manuel, Francisco Villavicencio, Ugofilippo Basellini, Søren Kjærgaard, and James W. Vaupel. "Dynamics of life expectancy and life span equality." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 10 (February 24, 2020): 5250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915884117.
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As people live longer, ages at death are becoming more similar. This dual advance over the last two centuries, a central aim of public health policies, is a major achievement of modern civilization. Some recent exceptions to the joint rise of life expectancy and life span equality, however, make it difficult to determine the underlying causes of this relationship. Here, we develop a unifying framework to study life expectancy and life span equality over time, relying on concepts about the pace and shape of aging. We study the dynamic relationship between life expectancy and life span equality with reliable data from the Human Mortality Database for 49 countries and regions with emphasis on the long time series from Sweden. Our results demonstrate that both changes in life expectancy and life span equality are weighted totals of rates of progress in reducing mortality. This finding holds for three different measures of the variability of life spans. The weights evolve over time and indicate the ages at which reductions in mortality increase life expectancy and life span equality: the more progress at the youngest ages, the tighter the relationship. The link between life expectancy and life span equality is especially strong when life expectancy is less than 70 y. In recent decades, life expectancy and life span equality have occasionally moved in opposite directions due to larger improvements in mortality at older ages or a slowdown in declines in midlife mortality. Saving lives at ages below life expectancy is the key to increasing both life expectancy and life span equality.
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Loi, M., L. Del Savio, and E. Stupka. "Social Epigenetics and Equality of Opportunity." Public Health Ethics 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/pht019.
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Van Wyk, Jo-Ansie. "South Africa: A Growing Embrace of Feminist Foreign Policy?" Thinker 94, no. 1 (February 17, 2023): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v94i1.2359.
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In 2014, Sweden became the first country to adopt a feminist foreign policy. Although a new Swedish government abandoned the country’s feminist foreign policy in October 2022, Sweden has inspired many other states to adopt such a foreign policy to advance the status of women and girls. These developments have not gone unnoticed in South Africa, where historical relations between Swedenand the country’s liberation movements endure in post-apartheid South Africa. Unlike Sweden, South Africa never adopted or declared a feminist foreign policy due to historical and cultural reasons, and different conceptualisations of women, gender, and feminism. Instead, under the leadership of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1994, South Africa has diplomatically capitalised on its liberation struggle and human rights credentials; the latter which, to some extent, have for some time superseded a more focused emphasis on women’s rights. A more nuanced foreign policy focus on improving the status of women and gender equality emergedpartly due to international developments regarding women, peace, and security. Hence, the contribution explores feminist and/or gendered aspects of South Africa’s foreign policy of ubuntu (human-ness and humanity) and diplomatic practice, and the implications thereof. It has shown that South Africa’s growing embrace of elements associated with a feminist foreign policy includes memorialisation and symbolism (i.e. linking the liberation struggle and female stalwarts to foreign policy), positioning women in progressive internationalism, and integrating women in the definition of South Africa’s national interests.
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HANSSON, SVEN OVE. "Three Bioethical Debates in Sweden." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17, no. 3 (May 21, 2008): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108080316.
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Three of the bioethical issues recently discussed in Sweden appear to be particularly interesting also to an international audience. A new law allowing restrictive use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)/human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (“savior siblings”) has been implemented, a new recommendation for the cessation of life-sustaining treatment has been issued, and the scope of individual responsibility for medical mistakes has been rather thoroughly discussed.
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Gerdin, Göran, Rod Allan Philpot, Lena Larsson, Katarina Schenker, Susanne Linnér, Kjersti Mordal Moen, Knut Westlie, Wayne Smith, and Maureen Legge. "Researching social justice and health (in)equality across different school Health and Physical Education contexts in Sweden, Norway and New Zealand." European Physical Education Review 25, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x18783916.
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The way school Health and Physical Education (HPE) is conceptualized and taught will impact on its ability to provide equitable outcomes across gender, sexuality, ethnicity, religion and social class. A focus on social justice in HPE is pertinent in times when these ideals are currently under threat from neoliberal globalization. This paper draws on data from the initial year of an international collaboration project called ‘Education for Equitable Health Outcomes – The Promise of School Health and Physical Education’ involving HPE and Physical Education Teacher Education researchers from Sweden, Norway and New Zealand. The data in this paper record the researchers’ presentations and discussions about issues of social justice and health as informed by school visits and interviews with HPE teachers in the three different countries. The analysis of the data is focused on what is addressed in the name of social justice in each of the three countries and how cross-cultural researchers of social justice in HPE interpret different contexts. In order to analyse the data, we draw on Michael Uljens’s concepts of non-affirmative and non-hierarchical education. The findings suggest that researching social justice and health (in)equality across different countries offers both opportunities and challenges when it comes to understanding the enactment of social justice in school and HPE practices. We conclude by drawing on Uljens to assert that the quest for social justice in HPE should focus on further problematizing affirmative and hierarchical educational practices since social justice teaching strategies are enabled and constrained by the contexts in which they are practised.
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Jabin, Md Shafiqur Rahman, Evalill Nilsson, Anna-Lena Nilsson, Patrick Bergman, and Päivi Jokela. "Digital Health Testbeds in Sweden: An exploratory study." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762210751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221075194.
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Objective This study explored the Swedish digital health testbeds through the lens of complexity science. Methods The purposive sampling was used to identify 38 digital health testbed organizations to conduct interviews in written or audio-conferencing. The interview responses were aggregated and analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes were mainly generated through complexity theory and the principles of complex adaptive systems. Results Fifteen testbed organizations responded, comprising 13 written responses and two audio-conferencing. Five main theoretical themes were generated: agents and diversity, connections and communication, adaptation and learning, perturbations, and path dependence. Agents and diversity depicted different types of testbeds, stakeholders and innovation, and the primary function and purpose of the testbeds. Various factors enhancing connections and communications among multiple stakeholders were identified, such as the quality of e-health solutions and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Some adaptation and learning factors, such as internal reorganization, sharing and creating learning opportunities, and additional funding, guaranteed the sustainability of testbeds. Perturbations were characterized by two factors: non-linear interactions – lack of commitment and transparency in stakeholders' engagement, and uncertainty about testbed definitions and concepts. Path dependence highlighted the importance of history, such as previous positive and negative experiences. Conclusion This study provided insights into testbeds' organization, their functions, how various aspects were challenged, and how they adapted to overcome and improve the system issues. Identifying the stakeholders and relevant factors, commissioning an evaluation, backing up with a contingency plan, securing adequate funding, and disseminating the findings can improve the testbeds' design and implementation.
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Fleck, Leonard M. "Just health care (II): Is equality too much?" Theoretical Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 1989): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00489651.
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Averland, A. M., L. Öjesjö, and K. L. Soothill. "Psychiatric Court Referrals in Sweden." Medicine, Science and the Law 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580248702700109.
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In an international comparison Sweden has a high proportion of pre-trial psychiatric evaluations. The purpose of the study was to look for the most likely reasons for such a referral in the Linköping region. The basic material came from court records and from medical and social reports. It was found that the courts' knowledge of previous psychiatric treatment was the most important reason (44 per cent), followed by nature of the offence (31 per cent), management problems (14 per cent) and awkward behaviour at the proceedings (12 per cent). The results support the view that forensic psychiatric evaluations may serve different social functions in different countries.
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Buyx, A. M. "Equality and justice in modern medicine." Ethik in der Medizin 17, no. 2 (June 2005): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00481-005-0367-9.
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Lindahl, B. Ingemar B. "Sweden: Growing Interest in Ethics." Hastings Center Report 19, no. 4 (July 1989): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562321.
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Kylén, M., H. Ekström, M. Haak, S. M. Schmidt, C. Löfqvist, and S. Iwarsson. "PERCEIVED ASPECTS OF HOME AND HEALTH AMONG PEOPLE AGED 67–70 YEARS IN SWEDEN." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2138.
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Liu, Pengbo. "Dignity and equality in healthcare." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 9 (February 27, 2018): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104665.
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This paper critically examines Barclay’s conception of dignity proposed in her ‘Dignitarian Medical Ethics’. According to Barclay, a subject S enjoys dignity if and only if S is reliably treated as having equal social status. I argue that Barclay’s view faces a number of practical and theoretical problems. First, it is not obvious that failing to treat someone as a social equal is incompatible with respecting her dignity. Second, it is not always clear what treating someone as a social equal amounts to in practice. To be more compelling, her conception of dignity needs to be supplemented with a more principled and substantive account of the content of equal treatment.
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Persson, I. "Equality and selection for existence." Journal of Medical Ethics 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.25.2.130.
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Rushworth, F. H. "Gender balance and sex equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 29, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.29.4.247.
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ANSUÁTEGUI ROIG, FRANCISCO JAVIER. "Euthanasia, Philosophy, and the Law: A Jurist’s View from Madrid." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18, no. 3 (July 2009): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109090422.
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In societies with an established system of rights, human dignity occupies the vertex of the moral statute. Freedom and equality are specific derivations of that higher value. Taking freedom and equality seriously necessarily means articulating a system of rights that places at its apex the value that unifies both: human dignity.
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Karaman, İ. G. Yılmaz. "Completed suicide and gender equality: Sex and age specific five-year data from Turkey." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2203.
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IntroductionSuicide is a public health problem which has biopsychosocial aspects. These three compartments function differently for women and men in terms of biology and gender inequality.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate completed suicide rates in Turkey for women and men seperately considering age ranges for each, and their relationship with gender equality.MethodsSex and age specific data between 2015-2019 was derived from Turkish Statistical Institute. Utilizing Bağdatlı Kalkan’s study (2018) and Turkey’s Gender Equality Ratings (2019), 81 cities were seperated into two clusters (Table 1). Mann Whitney U and Independent Samples T Test were applied.ResultsYoung women’s (<30 years old) crude completed suicide rates were higher, when crude completed suicide rates for men over the age of 30 were fewer in the cities which equality index is low (Table 2). Regardless of age ranges, in better gender equality cluster, female suicide rates were fewer, male suicide rates were higher. The number of deaths by suicide in 1000 deaths didn’t differ for men, while the rate decreases for women in better gender equality cluster (Table 3).ConclusionsGender inequality may negatively effect young women’s mental health in more patriarchal cities in Turkey from the point of completed suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Miller, Tom. "Looking for Better Health in All the Wrong Places: The Road to “Equality” Hits a Dead End." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 1 (2012): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00643.x.
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I was initially assigned the working title, “Pursuing Equality in Health Care for the Elderly Is Futile.” I prefer to think of that particular dead end of health policy as one of listening to the wrong music for too long. Hence, this article reprises and revises the title song of the early 1980s movie, Urban Cowboy, but with Johnny Lee’s original lyrics adapted as “Looking for better health [rather than either ‘love’ or ‘love of equality’] in all the wrong places.” The better goal is to achieve more progress in improving health for more people, including (but not limited to) the elderly. It need not be as futile as the pursuit of the elusive abstraction of “equality” for all — but only if we first move away from a path-dependent approach of recent times that remains too narrowly focused on statistical disparities in health care services received by particular groups.
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Gómez, Alberto García, and Angela Colotti. "Dignity and Equality in Women’s Health Issues to Inspire an Ethics of Care." New Bioethics 28, no. 3 (July 3, 2022): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2098584.
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Saltman, Richard B. "Equity and Distributive Justice in European Health Care Reform." International Journal of Health Services 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w0ld-0299-p8h8-0gca.
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Equity is a central objective of most European health care systems, yet equity, particularly in the form of distributive justice, has not been a central objective of many recent health sector reforms. This article considers three aspects of the relationship between equity and recent health reforms. After defining what is meant by equity in the health sector, the author briefly examines available evidence on present levels of equality then discusses the equity implications of ongoing reforms in European health care systems.
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Boonyaratana, Yadanuch, Eva Ekvall Hansson, Marianne Granbom, and Steven M. Schmidt. "The Psychometric Properties of the Meaning of Home and Housing-Related Control Beliefs Scales among 67–70 Year-Olds in Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084273.
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Background: The housing environment is important for health and well-being among older people, and it is important to consider both physical and perceived aspects of housing. Psychometrically sound scales are necessary to assess perceived housing. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of two instruments that measure perceived aspects of housing among a younger cohort of older adults in Sweden. Methods: A random sample of 371 participants aged 67 to 70 years (mean 67.9 (SD = 0.98)) was used. Participants lived in ordinary housing in the south of Sweden. Data on perceived aspects of housing were collected with the Meaning of Home Questionnaire (MOH) and the Housing-Related Control Beliefs Questionnaire (HCQ). Internal consistency, corrected item–total correlations, floor and ceiling effects, and construct validity were analyzed. Results: Cronbach’s alphas for all four subscales of MOH and two of three subscales of HCQ had acceptable levels (α > 0.50). Some items from both scales had low item–total correlations. All subscales, except for one from HCQ, had good construct validity. Conclusion: While both instruments had some limitations, all subscales with one exception had adequate psychometric properties. When used in different national contexts, further development may be necessary to achieve conceptual equivalence.
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Calltorp, Johan. "Consensus Development Conferences in Sweden: Effects on Health Policy and Administration." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, no. 1 (January 1988): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003287.
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AbstractSeven consensus development conferences have been held in Sweden since 1982. The conferences, sponsored by the Swedish Medical Research Council and Spri, typically examine social, organizational, and economic aspects of technology, and therefore, generate consensus statements of interest not only to physicians but also to politicians and health administrators.The study presented here examines the influence of the first five consensus development conferences on politicians and health administrators. Data was obtained via a mail questionnaire and personal interviews with leading individuals in these groups. More than half of the respondents indicated that they had found the statements from one or more conferences to be of practical value as a basis for discussing specific technologies with medical staffs. In some cases the statements directly influenced political decisions.
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Ingemar, B., and B. Lindahl. "Medical ethics in Sweden." Theoretical Medicine 9, no. 3 (October 1988): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00489705.
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Mahara, GB, and SR Dhital. "Analysis of Health Sector Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Strategy 2009 of Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v12i2.13667.
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The policy on gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) in health sector of Nepal is formulated in 2009 targeting toward poor, vulnerable, marginalized social and ethnic groups. Gender inequality and social discrimination are a social problem that affect on individual health finally. The main objective of this paper is to critically analysis and evaluates the Government’s strategy on health sector gender equality and social inclusion in Nepal. We collected published and unpublished information assessing the public health, policy analysis and research needs from different sources. A different policy approaches for the analysis and evaluation of GESI strategies is applied in this paper. Universal education, community participation, individual, group and mass communication approaches, and social capital are the key aspects of effective implementation of policy at target levels.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 157-160
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Martschenko, Daphne Oluwaseun. "Social Equality in an Alternate World." Hastings Center Report 51, no. 6 (November 2021): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.1307.
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APPEL, JACOB. "Sweden Asks: Should Convicted Murderers Practice Medicine?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): 559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000514.
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Most reasonable people acknowledge that Karl Helge Hampus Hellekant has committed a grave moral offense: the 33-year-old Swede, also known as Karl Svensson, was convicted of killing trade unionist Björn Söderberg in 1999 at the behest of the Swedish neo-Nazi movement. What is not so clear is whether Hellekant, who is currently free on parole, should be permitted to become a physician. The former extremist was admitted to the medical school at Stockholm’s Karolinska Institute in 2007, but later expelled—following considerable public debate—after school officials discovered that he was temporarily unable to verify his academic records. Sweden’s most prestigious medical school, Uppsala, subsequently confirmed these records and matricatulated him in 2008.
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Schmidt, S. M., B. Slaug, and F. Oswald. "PERCEIVED AND OBJECTIVE ASPECTS OF HOME AND HEALTH: AGING IN PLACE IN JAPAN AND SWEDEN." Innovation in Aging 2, suppl_1 (November 1, 2018): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igy023.2134.
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Sundström, Malena Rosén. "Inspiration or Provocation?: Sweden’s Feminist Foreign Policy in National Newspapers in EU Member States." European Foreign Affairs Review 27, Issue 2 (August 1, 2022): 283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2022023.
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An increased emphasis on gender equality in the EU’s foreign and security policy could potentially pave the way for a Feminist Foreign Policy (FFP) for the EU. Analysing the perceptions of Sweden’s FFP in newspapers of eleven EU Member States, this article contributes to the literature on norm enhancement – advancing the depth and scope of the existing norms in an area – as well as to the discussion on Member States’ views of FFP and the potential for introducing a FFP into EU foreign policy. Studying salience, (in)coherence and legitimacy of Sweden’s FFP in newspapers, the results demonstrate that FFP is most frequently reported in like-minded countries, and least reported in Member States with conservative views on gender equality. There is also a dividing line between left-leaning and right-leaning newspapers, with the former reporting considerably more and being more positive towards Sweden’s FFP. The relative lack of interest in Sweden’s FFP in some Member States, as well as the critique from especially right-leaning newspapers, suggest that a FFP for the EU is not likely to come about in a near future. Feminist Foreign Policy, European Union, Sweden, external perceptions, norms, media analysis
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Svedberg, P., L. Hansson, and B. Svensson. "The attitudes of patients and staff towards aspects of health promotion interventions in mental health services in Sweden." Health Promotion International 24, no. 3 (June 13, 2009): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dap019.
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