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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Regel, Eva Anna, Astrid Forneck, and Elisabeth Quendler. "Job satisfaction of certified employees in viticulture: A qualitative study." Work 67, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203296.

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BACKGROUND: The need for qualified employees in wineries leads to a gain in importance of human resource management in the wine industry. Knowledge on job satisfaction of employees in wineries and cooperatives as well as research in human resource management is rare. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study is to find aspects affecting job satisfaction of employees in Austrian and German wineries. These identified aspects were analysed with regard to the perceived satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the employees. METHOD: Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted in Austria and Germany with employed winemakers, production managers and vineyard managers. RESULTS: Aspects of job satisfaction which were found in agricultural studies were validated for employees in wineries. In addition to these influencing factors of job satisfaction, interviewed workers mentioned other important aspects, such as equality issues, development of the company and attachment to the final product, which affect their job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The positive image of the product wine, the wine sector and the profession contributes to a high job satisfaction overall. The personal interest in wine is one of the major factors of job satisfaction. It reduces dissatisfaction with remuneration, monotonous work processes and long working hours. However, employees in wineries saw problems in reconciling family life and work. Furthermore, employees complained about physical strains leading to possible changes in job or position.

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Schuster, Angela, Nora Anton, Pascal Grosse, and Christoph Heintze. "Is time running out? The urgent need for appropriate global health curricula in Germany." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 11 (November 2020): e003362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003362.

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Recently, representatives of politics, health officials and academia in Germany have advocated a greater role for Germany in matters concerning global health. However, health professionals in Germany are rarely taught about global health topics and accordingly real expertise in this field is lacking. To advance knowledge and competencies at German universities and adequately equip health professionals to achieve Germany’s political goals, global health curricula must be developed at medical schools and other institutions. Such ambitions raise questions about the required content and dimensions of global health curricula as the field is currently highly heterogeneous and ill defined. To systematically identify strengths and shortcomings of current curricula, we scrutinised the global health curriculum at our institution, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, using an analytical framework that integrates the various approaches of global health. Our analysis identified that four (technical, social justice, security and humanitarian) of five approaches are present in our core global health curriculum. Local and global aspects of the field are equally represented. We propose that the use of such a structured analytical framework can support the development of GH curricula for all health professionals—in Germany and elsewhere. But it can also help to evaluate existing curricula like ours at Charité. This framework has the potential to support the design of comprehensive GH trainings, serving German aspirations in politics and academia to promote health worldwide.

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Haig, Madeleine, Caitlin Main, Danitza Chavez-Montoya, and Panos Kanavos. "OP87 Value From A Multi-stakeholder Perspective: A Framework To Assess Digital Health Solutions For Improving Chronic Disease Management." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 38, S1 (December 2022): S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462322001337.

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IntroductionInnovative digital health technologies (DHTs) may present new aspects of value that are not appropriately accounted for in current health technology assessments. In discovering what value means in the context of DHTs, multi-stakeholder collaboration is essential.MethodsA scoping literature review was conducted to identify current value assessment criteria and proposed methodologies across three health systems: United States of America, United Kingdom, and Germany. A Delphi exercise was conducted with stakeholders from the following groups: users, healthcare practitioners, decision-makers, supply-side actors, and influencers. Based on a review of assessment frameworks in the study countries and consultations with experts from each stakeholder group, researchers proposed value constructs in five domains: health inequalities, data rights and governance, technical and security, economic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and user preferences. In Delphi round one, participants commented on the proposed constructs and submitted their own. A thematic analysis identifying key concepts and themes of the participant proposed constructs and comments was used to incorporate this information for round two. Then, participants rated each value construct on an ‘importance’ Likert scale in two decision contexts: user-facing DHTs and system-facing DHTs. In round three, participants were presented with the consensus judgement for each construct, with the opportunity to change their answer. Value constructs with equal to or greater than 70 percent consensus were included in the final framework. Rounds four and five were, respectively, value judgements on a Likert scale and a presentation of consensus for a therapeutic area to test the final framework.ResultsInitially 32 value constructs were proposed by researchers, 20 of which were changed or removed based on round one feedback. Additional constructs were added based on participant suggestions resulting in forty-five value constructs in round two. The final framework will be available after round three closes on 20 December 2022.ConclusionsThe multi-stakeholder Delphi approach ensures that all suggestions and value judgements are weighted equally across stakeholder groups. The resultant value framework can be used to inform policymaking around health technology assessment of DHTs.

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Wolter, Veronique, Miriam Dohle, and Lisa Sobo. "Physical activities for older adults: Are local co-operations of sports clubs and care partners an option to increase access?" German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 51, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-021-00761-3.

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AbstractGroup-based physical activity brings high and long-term added value for the participants. Especially for older adults in need of care, this development is dependent on interdisciplinary thinking and the networking of local structures. Studies underline the consideration of the communication and access options that are needed to be able to promote the target group’s health through exercise programmes. Sports clubs are repeatedly mentioned as competent partners in health promotion, but in municipal practice—possibly due to very different basic structures to the system of care—they receive less attention. The project Moving Nursing Homes and Care Providers (2019–2022) is coordinated by the State Sports Federation of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Local sports clubs cooperate with providers of outpatient and inpatient care to start new sports programs for older adults in need of care. As part of the scientific evaluation, the perspectives involved are equally considered and their motives and needs are analysed. For this paper, four conducted qualitative interviews with representatives of sports clubs were analysed with the focus on opportunities and barriers for local partnerships between sports clubs and care. Results show structural and personal parameters that have to be looked at from the beginning. Local networks are essential for sports clubs to get in contact with potential partners and to reflect initiated processes. Although aspects of (financial) organisation is an often named topic, sports clubs have the opinion that they have the social responsibility to influence developments in their neighbourhood for all generations positively.

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Rehling, Julia, Christiane Bunge, Julia Waldhauer, and André Conrad. "Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052326.

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Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.

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Korsunska, Maryna. "Health economics modern aspects in Germany." ScienceRise 8, no. 1 (25) (September 1, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2313-8416.2016.76236.

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7

Zielasek, Jürgen, and Wolfgang Gaebel. "Mental health law in Germany." BJPsych. International 12, no. 01 (February 2015): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000088.

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There is no national mental health law in Germany: the 16 German states are responsible for legislation concerning forced admissions, while the German Civil Code covers non-acute care, in particular for those not able to care for themselves. In forensic psychiatry, both federal and state laws apply. This article describes this situation and provides figures about detentions and other aspects of mental health law in Germany.

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Wester, Gry. "Health, Health Care, and Equality of Opportunity: The Rationale for Universal Health Care." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 32, no. 1 (January 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180122000469.

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AbstractThis article discusses what arguments best support universal health care (UHC), with a focus on Norman Daniels’ equality of opportunity account. This justification for UHC hinges on the assumption of a close relationship between health care and health. But in light of empirical research that suggests that health outcomes are shaped to a large extent by factors other than health care, such as income, education, housing, and working conditions, the question arises to what extent health care is really necessary to protect and promote health, and thereby opportunity. The author argues that, although this challenge to the equality of opportunity rationale is legitimate, it is not sufficiently specified to allow us to adequately assess the extent to which universal health succeeds in protecting equality of opportunity. The article concludes by outlining a more promising strategy for developing a viable rationale for UHC.

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PIEKARSKI, C. "Climatic stress in coalmining in Germany: occupational health aspects." Ergonomics 38, no. 1 (January 1995): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925082.

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Christiansen, Terkel, Jørgen Tranberg Lauridsen, Mathias Kifmann, Carl Hampus Lyttkens, Thorhildur Ólafsdóttir, and Hannu Valtonen. "Healthcare, health and inequality in health in the Nordic countries." Nordic Journal of Health Economics 6, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/njhe.5955.

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All five Nordic countries emphasize equal and easy access to healthcare, assuming that increased access to healthcare leads to increased health. It is the purpose of the present study to explore to which extent the populations of these countries have reached good health and a high degree of socio-economic equality in health. Each of the five countries has established extensive public health programmes, although with somewhat different measures to increase health of the populations. We compare these countries to the UK and Germany by using data from the European Social Survey for 2002 and 2012 in addition to OECD statistics for the same years. Health is measured by self-assessed health in five categories, which is transformed to a cardinal scale using Swedish time trade-off (TTO) weights. As socio-economic measures we use household income and length of education. Socio-economic inequality in health is elicited in two ways. First, we show social gradients by comparing the percentage of respondents in the lower income group reporting good or very good health to the corresponding rates in the upper income group. Second, we show concentration indices of socio-economic related inequality in health. Everything else kept equal, good health and the size of the concentration index are negatively associated by definition. In 2012, mean health, based on Swedish weights applied to all countries, is above 0.93 in all the Nordic countries and the UK, but lower in Germany. Each of the Nordic countries have introduced centrally initiated comprehensive public health programmes to increase health and reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. In general, the Nordic countries have achieved good health for their populations as well as a high degree of socioeconomic equality in health. Improvements in life-style related determinants of health are possible, however.Published: Online June 2018. In print January 2019.

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Pelster, Matthias, Vera Hagemann, and Franziska Laporte Uribe. "Key Aspects of a Sustainable Health Insurance System in Germany." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 14, no. 3 (February 16, 2016): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40258-016-0223-8.

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Milenkova, Valentina. "Gender Equality: Approaches and Strategies in University Context." Postmodernism Problems 11, no. 3 (December 5, 2021): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46324/pmp2103241.

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This article is aimed at presenting a series of activities and systematic efforts that have found a place in the development of a Plan for Gender Equality in Research and academia. This endeavor is part of SPEAR project "Supporting and Implementing Plans for Gender Equality in Academia and Research“ under the EU Horizon 2020 Program: to develop specific approaches, activities, and measures systematized in Plans for gender equality to be implemented in the university environment, taking into account the specific national and regional characteristics of universities and structures. The SPEAR project involves universities and non-governmental organizations from 9 European countries: Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, Austria, Croatia, Portugal, Lithuania, and Bulgaria (SWU "Neofit Rilski” and PU “P. Hilendarski”). The article reveals the purposeful actions of the team from SWU "N. Rilski" in the direction of creating such a plan, which refers to several structural and organizational aspects. As a basis for the development of the Plan, the article shows the results of a quantitative online survey, which presents attitudes and opinions on the topic of gender equality in social activities and research, as well as the results of in-depth interviews with the SWU deans' and rector's authorities under the topic of women's participation in management and research activities. The article shows the importance of gender equality as an opportunity for active participation in research and teaching of capable and proactive people.

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Harris, John, and Sadie Regmi. "Ageism and equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 38, no. 5 (February 19, 2012): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2011-100417.

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Farrelly, C. "Genes and equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2002.002329.

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15

Fox, Dov. "Luck, Genes, and Equality." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 35, no. 4 (2007): 712–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00193.x.

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In a little noted passage in A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argued that genetic intervention in the traits of offspring may be morally required as a matter of distributive justice. Given that the “greater natural assets” of each “enables him to pursue a preferred plan of life[,]” Rawls wrote, the parties to the original position “want to insure for their descendents the best genetic endowment.…Thus over time a society is to take steps at least to preserve the general level of natural abilities and to prevent the diffusion of serious defects.…The pursuit of reasonable policies in this regard is something that earlier generations owe to later ones.” (Emphasis added.) Whether biological enhancement actually is a moral obligation we owe to future generations is a question that I have taken up elsewhere, but which lies beyond my scope here. If we agree with Rawls that some measure of safe and effective genetic intervention may be required as a matter of justice, it stands to ask how the distribution of genetic goods – that is, the hereditary basis of human traits – should be carried out.

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Capron, Alexander Morgan. "At Law: Liberty, Equality, Death!" Hastings Center Report 26, no. 3 (May 1996): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3527928.

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17

Loi, M., L. Del Savio, and E. Stupka. "Social Epigenetics and Equality of Opportunity." Public Health Ethics 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/pht019.

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18

Prepeliczay, Susanna. "Socio-Cultural and Psychological Aspects of Contemporary LSD use in Germany." Journal of Drug Issues 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 431–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260203200207.

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The current study uses a qualitative methodology to investigate socio-cultural and psychological aspects involved in the use of LSD and comparable psychedelic substances. To date, 26 narrative interviews have been conducted with 12 female and 14 male users aged 19 to 53 years. The resulting data were subjected to content analysis in several thematic areas. Subjective reports of LSD use and experiences are considered among the complex interrelationship of drug effects, individual and environmental factors, as well as in comparison to the results reported in earlier research. Preliminary results suggest the use of LSD is largely independent of the “party drugs” scene, although its users do embrace elements of alternative lifestyles and subcultures. The majority of participants report their LSD experiences to be of great importance and to have intellectual relevance for their individuation process and personality development. Exploration of the self and the desire to experience profound changes in their perception of the world are reported as primary motives for LSD use, in addition to its hedonistic value. Individual backgrounds, knowledge and patterns of reaction are found to strongly influence the character of the drug effects that are experienced. Next to a wide range of extra-pharmacological factors, various methods for actively modifying LSD induced states were discovered to determine the general character of LSD experiences. These are discussed with regard to their implications for the development of suitable harm reduction concepts.

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Domina, Iuliana. "CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EDUCATIONAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE: EU4SKILLS PROJECT." Scientific journal of Khortytsia National Academy, no. 2021-4 (December 4, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2021-4-1.

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Research articlepresents the results of the analytical stage of the expert gender audit of vocational education and its reform in the framework of the main tasks of the program «EU4Skills: Best Skills of Modern Ukraine», which is implemented in seven pilot regions of Ukraine with the support of the EU and its member states: Germany, Finland, Poland, Estonia. Leading aspects for the expert gender audit of vocational education were the following: what framework conditions and hindering/promoting factors regarding gender equality exist in the vocational education system and in the selected pilot institutions; what are appropriate measures to address the gender disparities; which indicators are suitable for measuring progress in the gender-responsive/transformative implementation of the project; how to reduce the gender gap in sectorial employment; what kind of support is needed to help the vocational education system to develop and implement their gender policy; which gender trainings and other capacity development measures should be organised for employees.

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Haasen, Christian, Andrea Blätter, Daniel Gharaei, Mehmet Ali Toprak, Josette Haferkorn, and Jens Reimer. "Psychosocial Aspects of Opiate Dependence Among Turkish Migrants in Germany." Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 3, no. 1 (August 19, 2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j233v03n01_01.

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Fleck, Leonard M. "Just health care (II): Is equality too much?" Theoretical Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 1989): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00489651.

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22

Buyx, A. M. "Equality and justice in modern medicine." Ethik in der Medizin 17, no. 2 (June 2005): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00481-005-0367-9.

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23

Liu, Pengbo. "Dignity and equality in healthcare." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 9 (February 27, 2018): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2017-104665.

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This paper critically examines Barclay’s conception of dignity proposed in her ‘Dignitarian Medical Ethics’. According to Barclay, a subject S enjoys dignity if and only if S is reliably treated as having equal social status. I argue that Barclay’s view faces a number of practical and theoretical problems. First, it is not obvious that failing to treat someone as a social equal is incompatible with respecting her dignity. Second, it is not always clear what treating someone as a social equal amounts to in practice. To be more compelling, her conception of dignity needs to be supplemented with a more principled and substantive account of the content of equal treatment.

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Persson, I. "Equality and selection for existence." Journal of Medical Ethics 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.25.2.130.

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Rushworth, F. H. "Gender balance and sex equality." Journal of Medical Ethics 29, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.29.4.247.

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ANSUÁTEGUI ROIG, FRANCISCO JAVIER. "Euthanasia, Philosophy, and the Law: A Jurist’s View from Madrid." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 18, no. 3 (July 2009): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180109090422.

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In societies with an established system of rights, human dignity occupies the vertex of the moral statute. Freedom and equality are specific derivations of that higher value. Taking freedom and equality seriously necessarily means articulating a system of rights that places at its apex the value that unifies both: human dignity.

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Karaman, İ. G. Yılmaz. "Completed suicide and gender equality: Sex and age specific five-year data from Turkey." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2203.

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IntroductionSuicide is a public health problem which has biopsychosocial aspects. These three compartments function differently for women and men in terms of biology and gender inequality.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate completed suicide rates in Turkey for women and men seperately considering age ranges for each, and their relationship with gender equality.MethodsSex and age specific data between 2015-2019 was derived from Turkish Statistical Institute. Utilizing Bağdatlı Kalkan’s study (2018) and Turkey’s Gender Equality Ratings (2019), 81 cities were seperated into two clusters (Table 1). Mann Whitney U and Independent Samples T Test were applied.ResultsYoung women’s (<30 years old) crude completed suicide rates were higher, when crude completed suicide rates for men over the age of 30 were fewer in the cities which equality index is low (Table 2). Regardless of age ranges, in better gender equality cluster, female suicide rates were fewer, male suicide rates were higher. The number of deaths by suicide in 1000 deaths didn’t differ for men, while the rate decreases for women in better gender equality cluster (Table 3).ConclusionsGender inequality may negatively effect young women’s mental health in more patriarchal cities in Turkey from the point of completed suicide.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Miller, Tom. "Looking for Better Health in All the Wrong Places: The Road to “Equality” Hits a Dead End." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 1 (2012): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00643.x.

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I was initially assigned the working title, “Pursuing Equality in Health Care for the Elderly Is Futile.” I prefer to think of that particular dead end of health policy as one of listening to the wrong music for too long. Hence, this article reprises and revises the title song of the early 1980s movie, Urban Cowboy, but with Johnny Lee’s original lyrics adapted as “Looking for better health [rather than either ‘love’ or ‘love of equality’] in all the wrong places.” The better goal is to achieve more progress in improving health for more people, including (but not limited to) the elderly. It need not be as futile as the pursuit of the elusive abstraction of “equality” for all — but only if we first move away from a path-dependent approach of recent times that remains too narrowly focused on statistical disparities in health care services received by particular groups.

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Gómez, Alberto García, and Angela Colotti. "Dignity and Equality in Women’s Health Issues to Inspire an Ethics of Care." New Bioethics 28, no. 3 (July 3, 2022): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20502877.2022.2098584.

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Saltman, Richard B. "Equity and Distributive Justice in European Health Care Reform." International Journal of Health Services 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/w0ld-0299-p8h8-0gca.

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Equity is a central objective of most European health care systems, yet equity, particularly in the form of distributive justice, has not been a central objective of many recent health sector reforms. This article considers three aspects of the relationship between equity and recent health reforms. After defining what is meant by equity in the health sector, the author briefly examines available evidence on present levels of equality then discusses the equity implications of ongoing reforms in European health care systems.

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Mahara, GB, and SR Dhital. "Analysis of Health Sector Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Strategy 2009 of Nepal." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 12, no. 2 (October 13, 2015): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v12i2.13667.

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The policy on gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) in health sector of Nepal is formulated in 2009 targeting toward poor, vulnerable, marginalized social and ethnic groups. Gender inequality and social discrimination are a social problem that affect on individual health finally. The main objective of this paper is to critically analysis and evaluates the Government’s strategy on health sector gender equality and social inclusion in Nepal. We collected published and unpublished information assessing the public health, policy analysis and research needs from different sources. A different policy approaches for the analysis and evaluation of GESI strategies is applied in this paper. Universal education, community participation, individual, group and mass communication approaches, and social capital are the key aspects of effective implementation of policy at target levels.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 157-160

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32

Stoop (Chürr), Chrizell. "Children's Rights to Mother-Tongue Education in a Multilingual World: A Comparative Analysis between South Africa and Germany." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (May 11, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a820.

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The importance of the mother tongue, and, more specifically, of mother-tongue education, is recognised globally. Use of the mother tongue is regarded as one of the most effective ways of acting and performing cognitively, socially and communally. The aim of this article is to encourage and promote the implementation and realisation of mother-tongue education through certain school/education models in order to achieve equality and liberation and to increase the incidence of high-performance education systems in a multilingual world. A comparative analysis of South Africa and Germany will also be undertaken with regard to language policies and the mother-tongue education situation in these countries' school systems. Several other aspects such as the choice of language as a fundamental right, the importance of international instruments, as well as some lessons to be learnt for both South Africa and Germany in respect of mother-tongue education, will be discussed. It will be concluded that, despite the existence of a multilingual world, the crucial importance of the use of the mother tongue and mother-tongue education should not be underestimated and/or ignored.

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33

Wiesing, Urban. "Ethics committees in Germany." Hec Forum 3, no. 4 (1991): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00057811.

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34

Martschenko, Daphne Oluwaseun. "Social Equality in an Alternate World." Hastings Center Report 51, no. 6 (November 2021): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.1307.

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35

Rowlands, M. W. D. "Psychiatric and Legal Aspects of Persistent Litigation." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 3 (September 1988): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.3.317.

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There is a paucity of literature in English about those people who persistently complain. In Germany and in Scandinavia, a diagnosis of querulent paranoia may be made, although this interesting and uncommon syndrome is rarely recognised in the UK. Five cases of litigiousness or persistent complaining are reported, to illustrate the typical psychopathology and the types of diagnosis that occur. Four of these people are barred from further litigation by the courts (vexatious litigants) and were contacted directly for the purpose of this study.

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Prenzler, Anne, Thomas Mittendorf, Johann-Matthias von der Schulenburg, Ulrike Theidel, Thomas Montag, and Hans Christof Müller-Busch. "Aspects of outpatient palliative care in Germany—a survey among office-based physicians." Journal of Public Health 19, no. 2 (August 24, 2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-010-0360-8.

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Karmann, Alexander, Ines Weinhold, and Danny Wende. "Area Deprivation and its Impact on Population Health: Conceptual Aspects, Measurement and Evidence from Germany." Review of Economics 70, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roe-2019-0001.

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AbstractEmpirical evidence demonstrates associations between socioeconomic or environmental area deprivation and public health. To measure such structural effects, deprivation indices have been developed in the UK initially. Meanwhile their application is increasingly discussed in Germany, however with little attempts to adapt the concept to national conditions. In this paper, we develop a model of area deprivation differentiating between material, social and ecological deprivation effects. We apply structural equation modelling to endogenously estimate the latent deprivation dimensions as well as their relative impact on the health outcome, accounting for potential measurement errors and controlling for health care infrastructure. We use data at the level of German municipal associations (n=4,491) for the years 2013 and 2016, if available. We find that differences in material (βmaterial=−0.168, p<0.001) and social deprivation (βsocial=−0.249, p<0.001) as well as ecological damage (βecological=−0.077, p<0.001) explain part of the health differences in Germany. The social dimension is paramount in a health context. Moreover, deprivation dimensions cancel out each other and combining them in one overall index blurs the diverse picture of area deprivation in Germany. The small area analysis illustrates, that different strategies in environmental-, education- or health policy are necessary to reduce deprivation in different regions.

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Bührer, Susanne, and Rainer Frietsch. "How do public investments in gender equality initiatives and publication patterns interrelate? The case of Germany." Evaluation and Program Planning 79 (April 2020): 101752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101752.

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Bührer, Susanne, and Rainer Frietsch. "How do public investments in gender equality initiatives and publication patterns interrelate? The case of Germany." Evaluation and Program Planning 79 (April 2020): 101769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101769.

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Pockett, Rosalie, and Liz Beddoe. "Social work in health care: An international perspective." International Social Work 60, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872814562479.

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An important element of contemporary social work is the influence of international trends on the contexts of practice. In this article, we will critically examine aspects of globalisation and the relationships between health inequalities and social inequalities and the implications for social work practice. Giles called on social workers to develop a ‘health equality imagination’; however, the challenge for practitioners on a day-to-day basis is how to integrate such an imagination into their work. A number of suggested approaches towards a greater engagement in addressing health inequalities in social work practice, education and research are also presented.

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Hahn, Karolin, Jost Steinhäuser, and Katja Goetz. "Equity in Health Care: A Qualitative Study with Refugees, Health Care Professionals, and Administrators in One Region in Germany." BioMed Research International 2020 (February 25, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4647389.

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Introduction. Equity in health is an essential issue and it would appear that it is not guaranteed for all human beings, especially refugee groups. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the experiences of refugees, health care professionals, and administrators of refugee health care in a host country. Methods. The study used qualitative methods which consisted of a convenience sample of stakeholders directly and indirectly involved in care for refugees and refugees themselves. The study participants were located in a rural area in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 25 participants. A semistructured interview guideline was used for the focus groups and interviews. The data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis. Results. Four main categories were identified which are important for equity in health care: legal aspects, sociocultural aspects, environmental aspects, and communication aspects. Legal frameworks and language barriers were perceived as strong barriers for accessing health care. Conclusions. The findings suggest that the host countries should address the specific needs of this population group at a systemic and individual level. Based on the views of the participants interviewed it can be concluded that the refugee population group is particularly affected by limited access to health care services. Bureaucratic barriers, unfamiliarity with a new health system, and language issues all contribute to limiting access to health care services.

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Menzel, Paul T. "How Compatible Are Liberty and Equality in Structuring a Health Care System?" Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 28, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jmep.28.3.281.14585.

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O'Brien, Michael. "Equality and fairness: Linking social justice and social work practice." Journal of Social Work 11, no. 2 (April 2011): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017310386834.

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• Summary: Social justice lies at the heart of social work practice and is used by practitioners to describe their practice. That practice is primarily described at the individual level. • Findings: Equality and fairness are core aspects of social justice and are drawn on extensively by social work practitioners in this research project to define social justice and are reflected in their practice. The two terms are, however, given a range of diverse meanings by practitioners. Those meanings are translated into and reflected in their practice. • Application: There are important implications for social work education, the social work profession and social work practice in the diverse ways in which the terms are understood and used.

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Richter, J. G., G. Chehab, P. Stachwitz, J. Hagen, D. Larsen, J. Knitza, M. Schneider, A. Voormann, and C. Specker. "POS0377 ONE YEAR OF DIGITAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS (DiGA) IN GERMANY – RHEUMATOLOGISTS’ PERSPECTIVES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 443.2–443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.510.

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BackgroundBased on given legislation (§§ 33a and 139e SGB V, Social Code Book V) the German approach to digital health applications (Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen, DiGA) allows reimbursed prescription of approved therapeutic software products (listed in the DIGA directory https://diga.bfarm.de/de/verzeichnis) for patients since October 6th, 2020.ObjectivesTo evaluate the level of knowledge on DiGA among members of the German Society for Rheumatology (DGRh) after one year of DiGA under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic using the DiGA Toolbox of the ‘health innovation hub’ (hih), a think tank and sparrings partner of the German Federal Ministry of Health.MethodsAnonymous cross-sectional online survey using LimeSurvey (https://limesurvey.org). The survey was promoted by newsletters sent out to DGRh newsletter recipients and Twitter posts. Ethical approval was obtained.Results75 valid participants reported that they care more than 80% of their working time for patients with rheumatic diseases. Most were working in outpatient clinics (54%) and older than 40 years of age (84%). Gender distribution was balanced (50%).70% were aware of the possibility to prescribe DiGA. Most were informed on this for the first time via trade press (63%), and only 8% via the professional society. 46% expect information on DiGA from professional societies and the medical chambers (36%) but rarely from the manufacturer (10%) and the responsible ministry (4%). Respondents would like to be informed about DIGA via continuing education events (face-to-face 76%, online 84%), trade press (86%), and manufacturers test accounts (64%).Only 7% have already prescribed a DiGA, 46% planned to do so, and 47% did not intend DiGA prescriptions. Relevant aspects for prescription are given in Figure 1.Figure 1.Aspects relevant for DiGA prescriptions; sorted by importance/number of mentions (participants needed to pick their three most relevant aspects from a pre-given list)86% believe that using DiGA / medical apps would at least partially be feasible and understandable to their patients.83% thought that data collected by the patients using DiGA or other digital solutions could at least partially influence health care positively.51% appreciated to get DiGA data directly into their patient documentation system resp. clinical electronic health record (EHR) and 29% into patients’ owned EHR.ConclusionDiGA awareness was high whereas prescription rate was low. Mostly, physician-desired aspects for DiGA prescriptions were proven efficacy and efficiency for physicians and patients, risk of adverse effects and health care costs were less important. Evaluation of patients’ barriers and needs are warranted. Our results will contribute to the implementation and dissemination of DIGA.Disclosure of InterestsJutta G. Richter: None declared, Gamal Chehab: None declared, Philipp Stachwitz: None declared, Julia Hagen: None declared, Denitza Larsen: None declared, Johannes Knitza Consultant of: Vila Health, ABATON, Medac, Matthias Schneider: None declared, Anna Voormann: None declared, Christof Specker: None declared

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Elstner, S. "German mental health care in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (idd) in comparison to other European countries." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.925.

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IntroductionIn Germany, mental health care in people with IDD is mostly determined by experts’ opinions. Particularities of the psychiatric assessment and treatment of people with IDD and a co-morbid psychiatric disorder are taught neither at medical schools nor in the scope of the medical training of psychiatrists.ObjectivesThe present study examined the influence of socio-political aspects of health care on quality and organisation of mental health care in people with IDD.MethodsVarious aspects of health care systems in Germany and three other European countries were explored and juxtaposed subsequently with a special developed questionnaire.ResultsThe health care systems of four different European countries differ in socio-economical, educational and system-financed aspects.ConclusionsDiffering organisational levels of national health care systems and socio-economical aspects within these countries contribute to the organisation of the mental health care system in people with IDD. Suggestions for a better harmonisation of European mental health care in people with IDD are offered.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

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Bergmann, Johannes, Tobias Stacke, Mike Rommerskirch-Manietta, Daniel Purwins, Christina Manietta, Armin Stroebel, and Martina Roes. "Testing a Preference Tool in Different Care Settings in Germany: Descriptive Results." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1015.

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Abstract Background: The tool “Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory” (PELI) for Nursing Homes (NH) was developed in the USA. In our project PELI-D, the PELI was translated from English into German and piloted in three care settings: Nursing Home (NH), Home Care (HC) and Adult Day Care (AD). Objective: The objective is to provide insights in preferences of importance of older adults in need of care in Germany. Methods: Data collection was carried out in 2019 on multiple measurement points: n=48 baseline (T0) and n=41 two-week follow-up (T1). Results: The results indicate that the importance of certain preferences distinguishes between the care settings: In NH preferences for body care and aspects of professional care are important. Additionally, in HC the aspects of social contact and eating/drinking are perceived as important. Comparing T0 and T1, importance of the item’s daily routines, social contact and aspects of privacy seem to be reliable.

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Capps, Benjamin. "One Health Requires a Theory of Agency." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, no. 4 (October 2022): 518–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180122000044.

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AbstractOne health suggests that human and animal health are comparable, but in practice, the concept aligns with the principles of public health ethics. One health ethics, as such, appears to eschew connotations of equality for the natural world. A theory of agency revises that anthropocentric assumption. This article begins with a critique of environmental dualism: the idea that human culture and nature are separate social realms, thus justifying public health as a (unifying) purpose. In response, this article argues that, first, a neuroethics of one health might equally regard humans and (some) animals, which have comparable mental states, as rational agents. Second, rational agency should ground our moral connections to nature in terms of the egalitarian interests we have (as coinhabitants) in the health of the planet. While this article makes a moderate case for interspecific rights (as the first argument asserts), neuroscience is unlikely for now to change how most public institutions regard nonhuman animals in practice. However, the second argument asserts that rational agency is also grounds for philosophical environmentalism. One health ethics, therefore, is a theory of equality and connects culture to nature, and, as such, is a separate, but coextensive approach to that of public health.

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Chakraverty, Digo, Annika Baumeister, Angela Aldin, Tina Jakob, Ümran Sema Seven, Christiane Woopen, Nicole Skoetz, and Elke Kalbe. "Gender-Specific Aspects of Health Literacy: Perceptions of Interactions with Migrants among Health Care Providers in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072189.

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Health literacy can be described as a complex process shaped by individual resources and preferences and by the nature and quality of health-related information people encounter. The main objective of this study was to explore the views of health care professionals on how gender as a personal determinant of health literacy affected their interactions with migrant patients. The interrelated challenges, needs and applied solutions were analyzed from a health literacy perspective. Five focus group discussions with health care professionals working with migrants (n = 31) were conducted in Cologne, Germany, audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Gender-specific aspects, such as the gender of health care providers as a factor, were portrayed above all in relation to patients from Turkey and Arab countries regarding access to and understanding of health-related information. These statements exclusively represent the possibly biased or assumptions-based perspectives of health care professionals on their migrant patients and were made against the background of a systemic lack of time and the challenge of overcoming language barriers. Especially in this context, reducing time pressure and improving communication in the treatment setting may be to the benefit of all actors within healthcare.

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Sodik, Mochamad. "KESETARAAN GENDER SEBAGAI PEMENUHAN KONSTITUSI." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 11, no. 2 (July 29, 2012): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2012.112.167-180.

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The drafting of the Draft Law on Gender Equality has brought criticism, many of which based on reactionary-ideological grounds unsuitable to productive discussion, and it is indeed regrettable that such responses against the draft law were not made in an academic framework and in accordance with the principle of proportionality. In a democratic state, gender equality is a fundamental part rooted deeply in human rights, similar to racial, ethnic, class, special-needs and religious equality. Thus as a democratic nation state, Indonesia is obliged to fulfill the basic rights of each of its citizens without regard to origin or gender. Such rights encompass a variety of aspects: the right to life, security, health, education, economic, political and socio-cultural rights. All basic rights must be fulfilled equally to avoid discrimination. Thus, normatively, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has guaranteed equality of all citizens, whether male or female. In a global context, Indonesia has also ratified the CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women) through Law No. 7 of 1984. Indonesia’s commitment to improve gender equality is also written down in the MDGs (Millennium Development Goals). Therefore, through a philosophical-juridical-sociological viewpoint, gender equality (enshrined in law) is both a constitutional mandate and a contemporary demand

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Romanis, Elizabeth Chloe. "Partial ectogenesis: freedom, equality and political perspective." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 2 (February 2020): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105968.

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In this commentary, I consider how Giulia Cavaliere’s arguments about the limited reach of the current justifications offered for full ectogenesis in the bioethical literature apply in the context of partial ectogenesis. I suggest that considering the extent to which partial ectogenesis is freedom or equality promoting is more urgent because of the more realistic prospect of artificial womb technology being utilised to facilitate partial gestation extra uterum as opposed to facilitating complete gestation from conception to term. I highlight concerns about potentially harmful social narratives surrounding pregnancy and about the current legal framework surrounding gestation limiting access to technology in the advent of partial ectogenesis. I do not advocate that these concerns mean that we ought not develop artificial wombs, but like Cavaliere I suggest that we must be mindful of these concerns, and I posit that legal reform must accompany technological developments. Ectogenesis as a political perspective, through which we consider the value in social reproduction and the experiences of pregnant people, is useful to prevent political capture of this technology for regressive policies. Using this perspective to examine the law is also a useful tool to expose just how restrictive the law is in relation to gestation and female reproductive health.

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