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Journal articles on the topic 'Equality – Great Britain – 21st century'
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1
Bağırlar, Belgin. "Racism in the 21st Century: Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v3i3.483.
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Does equality exist in the 21st century, or, are minorities still forced to fight for equality? In nineteenth century, Britain, racism was blatant in all spheres of cultural, social, and economic life to the point that it crossed over into literature and theatre. In 1978, UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Forty years have since passed, but has it made any difference? Contemporary British playwright Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear (2018), staged at the Royal Court Theatre, reminds us that racism and inequality is still a key social-political issue. This three-act, avant-garde, colloquial play depicts how both African-Americans as well as Black British people still live with racism today. It also highlights racism’s linguistic and legal past. Tucker Green particularly focuses on the violent aspect of that racism through the lens of different characters: an academic, a black student, a black boy, and black parents. The play concludes with crushed hope, for it deduces that Caucasians both in the United States and in Great Britain still dominate practically every facet of society. This study will examine Green’s Ear for Eye, racial discrimination in the 21st century, and how Tucker Green projects her views upon her work through the theory of race and racism.
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Danylenko, Viktor, and Lesya Danylenko. "Design Education in European Countries: Great Britain and Ukraine." Journal of Visual Art and Design 13, no. 1 (July 6, 2021): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.vad.2021.13.1.6.
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In this study, consideration was given to the evolution of design education in the UK and Ukraine. A review was conducted by comparing the following main parameters of the design education sphere in both countries: the historical background of its emergence in the 19th century, the dynamics of the development of higher institutions of design education during the 20th century, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators of design education at the beginning of the 21st century. In the conclusion two main polar properties of contemporary design education are defined, namely: the ability to prepare for gradual entry into modern practical work/business on the one hand and thorough classical artistic preparation on the other. It has been suggested that with humanity approaching the super-hi-tech era, the tendency of design education in Ukraine, unlike in Britain, towards the second of these properties has a positive potential in preserving human-centric values in contemporary design.
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Phillips, Trevor. "Equality and human rights: siblings or just rivals?" Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 15, no. 2 (June 2007): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/etmt9743.
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This article is based on a speech given at the Social Justice and Public Policy conference on 6 December 2006 in London. The author was until recently Chair of the Commission of Racial Equality and has now been appointed as Chair of the new Commission for Equality and Human Rights in Britain. The article sets out his views on the relationship between equality and human rights. It argues that choices need to be made in politics and public policy in managing tensions between diverse individuals and groups, and that these choices should be guided by consistent principles rather than made on an ad hoc basis. These issues are likely to become more, rather than less, significant through the 21st century.
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Andres, Alberto. "Ghosts of Britain: a hauntological approach to the 21st century folk horror revival." REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 3, no. 1 (November 11, 2021): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2021.3.1428.
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This article aims at investigating the emergence of the American folk horror revival of the 2010s, focusing on texts such as Ari Aster’s Midsommar (2019) or Robert Eggers’s The VVitch (2015). This survey of the folk horror revival will inevitably lead us to the genre’s past, particularly to the so-called Unholy Trinity, comprised by three films released in Great Britain during the late 1960s and early 1970s. This temporal and geographical dislocation will be situated against a larger background of cultural production, arguing that the appearance of the folk horror revival sheds some light on the debate on nostalgia and pastiche as the predominant artistic modes under late capitalism. The notion of hauntology, as explored by Jacques Derrida, Mark Fisher, or Katy Shaw, will be used throughout the essay in order to provide a form theoretical ground on which this debate can take place.
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P, Mandal, Devontenno K., Gary J., Grandville N., Hale D., Hayes A., and Mosley M. "Minority Health and Health Disparities in the 21st Century: A Review." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 9, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/194.
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Powerful, complex relationships exist between health and biology, genetics, and individual behavior, and between health and health services, socioeconomic status, the physical environment, discrimination, racism, literacy levels, and legislative policies. These factors, which influence an individual’s or population’s health, are known as determinants of health. Today, health disparity is taking an in depth look at the differences in health status between different social groups, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, disability, and sexual orientation. While on the other hand, health inequality is looking at the unjust and unfair treatment one gets because of their socioeconomic status and demographic area. Such a wide array of differences in health inequality and disparity is what contributes to the United States ranking in the bottom of industrialized western nations when it comes to life expectancy rate, and infant mortality rate. Even though over the years there have been great improvements and changes, there is still more work to be done to make health and equality for all.
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Appeltová, Michaela. "Women’s Agency, Catholic Morality, and the Irish State." Radical History Review 2022, no. 143 (May 1, 2022): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9566244.
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Abstract The text reviews four new books in Irish women’s history and the history of sexuality: Mary McAuliffe’s biography of the revolutionary Margaret Skinnider; Jennifer Redmond’s Moving Histories, exploring the discourses about Irish women migrants to Great Britain in the first few decades of the Irish state, and their everyday lives in Britain; Lindsey Earner-Byrne and Diane Urquhart’s The Irish Abortion Journey, which documents the repressive discourses and policies surrounding abortion in twentieth-century Ireland and relates stories of traveling to Great Britain to obtain it; and finally, Sonja Tiernan’s book examining the ultimately successful political and legal campaign for marriage equality in Ireland. These highly readable, well-researched books place gender and sexuality at the center of Irish history; provide insight into the contradictory political, religious, and medical discourses about Irish women, gays, and lesbians; and document the lives of women both in and out of Ireland.
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Mahrlamova, K., and N. Sliusar. "Overview of the sectorial normative basis of higher education in the Great Britain of the 21st century." Pedagogy of the formation of a creative person in higher and secondary schools 64, no. 1 (2019): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/1992-5786.2019.64-1.29.
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Vitaliy SHISHIKIN. "Cooperation between China and Great Britain in the Energy Sector at the Beginning of the 21st Century." Far Eastern Affairs 48, no. 003 (September 30, 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/fea.62453859.
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Gmurczyk-Wrońska, Małgorzata. "France in International Relations of the Second Half of the 20th Century and the Early 21st Century – Priorities in Foreign Policy." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 4, no. 44 (December 31, 2014): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2014.44.03.
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After the Second World War France lost temporarily her position as a decision-maker in international relations. Soon enough, though, her diplomacy adapted to a bipolar system. Her foreign policy was to manoeuvre between the USSR, the United States and Great Britain, and to jointly create the structures of future European Union. It was in the EU that France has found the place to strengthen her role of mediator and arbiter. Nowadays, the foreign policy of France has numerous continuities originating from the 19th century and the years of 1918 – 1939, but also some modifications related to new directions in French foreign policy and to the adaptation of its tactics to main purposes in order to secure France’s security, her strong position in the EU and in the world.
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Luković, Stevan, and Marko Savićević. "The decline of defined benefit pension plans in developed countries." Ekonomika 67, no. 3 (2021): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonomika2103019l.
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Defined benefit pension plans have played an important role in pension sectors of developed countries in North America, Great Britain and Western Europe for several decades. However, with the beginning of the 21st century, altered demographic trends and global financial market fluctuations have significantly disrupted the financial position of defined benefit pension plans. The aim of this paper is to examine the long-term movement of indicators of the importance of defined benefit pension plans in the pension systems of four developed countries: the United States, Canada, the Netherlands and Great Britain. In these countries defined benefit pension plans still have an important role. The analysis shows that the number of occupational defined benefit pension plans in private sector in the observed countries is declining, along with the continuously decreasing number of participants and increasing problems in achieving a sustainable financial position in the long run.
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TIMENKO, M. "21 ST CENTURY SKILLS IN SCHOOL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 26 (April 7, 2021): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2020.26.227654.
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The author of the article considers and characterizes the main current trends in the development of school education in the UK. The author describes the necessary skills of the XXI century for students of secondary schools in Great Britain and the conditions of their formation. These are skills such as: joint problem solving, responsibility, critical thinking, creativity, emotional intelligence, cooperation, decision making, IT skills, self-regulation, communication, flexibility and adaptability, respect, information and economic literacy, etc. The author also describes the so-called soft skills (flexible) and hard skills (hard). The article notes the role of the 21st century teacher, which today cannot be limited to knowledge transfer, but to focus, discuss and, of course, evaluate students' progress so that they know when more support is needed, as today's innovative schools design classes for knowledge. , not its transportation.
It is argued that modern and relevant and key skills of the 21st century include: problem solving, critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, decision making, IT skills, self-regulation, communication, respect, information and economic literacy, which in turn require appropriate teaching methods of the 21st century. The role of teachers can no longer be limited to knowledge transfer, but should be well-guided, discussed and, of course, evaluated by students' progress so that they know when more support is needed. Today, innovative schools design classrooms for the pursuit of knowledge, not its transportation.
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Choi, Jin-Hyuk. "Contemporary Trends of Local Autonomy in the 21st Century : Evolution of Local Aitonomy in Great Britain and France." Journal of Local Government Studis 27, no. 3 (September 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21026/jlgs.2015.27.3.1.
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Hough, Christine Victoria, Edward Abbott-Halpin, Tariq Mahmood, and Jessica Giles. "Contemporary Influences on the Role of Imams in Britain: A Critical Analysis of Leadership and Professionalisation for the Imamate in 21st Century Britain." Religions 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12090771.
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This article is based on the findings from a research project, referred to hereafter as #ImamsBritain, commenced with a series of discussions with Imams in the north of England.. The role of the Imam has undergone far-reaching changes over the last thirty years chiefly due to the changing socio-economic and political climate, which in turn has directly affected the needs of Muslim communities. Consequently, Imams are now seen as professionals who need a wider range of pastoral care skills that go beyond those of their traditional role, which was mainly focused on religious teaching and spiritual guidance, The second stage of the data analysis for the research involved the exploratory Group Delphi technique, in which the Imam respondents underwent the processes of two critical reflections on the data collected. The resultant findings reflect their individual perceptions of the kind of training and development they need. This provides a unique framework for constructing a professional guide for Imams in Great Britain. The discussions and critical analyses in this paper draw on the discourses of professionalisation and pastoral care and relevant reports and reviews on Imam training in Europe and Canada.
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Sagimbaev, A. V. "Concept of British Commonwealth in Activities of Round Table Group at Beginning of ХХ Century." Nauchnyi dialog 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2021): 449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-7-449-462.
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Some aspects of the complex intellectual discussion that accompanied the transformation of the British colonial system at the beginning of the 20th century are considered. Based on the analysis of published works, a generalized description of the conceptual views of the members of the “Round Table” group regarding the formation of the political and legal foundations of the British Commonwealth, as well as the development of close cooperation between Great Britain and self-governing dominions is given. At the same time, special attention is paid to the study of the practical significance of the ideas of A. Milner, L. Curtis and other intellectuals who were part of the group of intellectuals for transforming the forms and methods of managing the vast domains of the British crown. This transformation was due to a complex of factors of a socio-economic, political, moral and psychological nature, which Great Britain was forced to face in the first decades of the 20th century. It is noted that the changes that took place in the governing system of the largest colonial empire in history, among other things, contributed to the subsequent formation of mechanisms of international influence, which at the beginning of the 21st century were called “soft power”. It is shown that, on the other hand, in their theoretical constructions A. Milner and his followers strove to preserve the continuity of the ideology of imperialism, which gained popularity in the British establishment in the late Victorian period.
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Jolanta, Chwastyk-Kowalczuk. "318 . Випуск 4/36 (2017) Jolanta CHWASTYK-KOWALCZYK POLISH PEDAGOGICAL JOURNALS IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURY." Human Studies: a collection of scientific articles of the Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University. Series of “Pedagogy” 4/36 (April 26, 2017): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.4/36.98648.
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Nunes, Rui. "Fair Equality of Opportunity in Healthcare." Conatus 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/conatus.19383.
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The allocation of resources for health, as well as the distribution of other social goods, being a political problem, can also be observed as belonging to the universe of distributive justice, considering that all citizens must have the necessary means for an acceptable physical, psychological and social performance. Individual autonomy, paradigm of a full citizenship in a modern society, cannot otherwise be achieved. Human dignity seems to imply that no citizen can be excluded from the basic health system due to the lack of financial resources. Indeed, equal access of all citizens to basic social goods and therefore to key places in society – principle of fair equality of opportunities – is one of the core aspects of Rawls's difference principle. It is, in essence, about ensuring the exercise of the right to individual self-determination in the relationship between the individual and society, as well as the right to play a social role according to skills and merit. But, it is not only the theory of the social contract that provides for a fair equality of opportunities. Different perspectives of justice contemplate this ideal. As suggested by Tristram Engelhardt Jr individual autonomy must be interpreted as a value in itself and a determining factor for the exercise of a full citizenship. But, justice is an ideal that must be progressively built. Whether in a specific society or on a global scale. And, the great challenge of humanity is precisely to recognize the existing intercultural differences and propose sufficiently flexible ideological systems that can be applied in different countries with very different levels of social and economic development. Without detracting from the ethical principles that should underpin the construction of the 21st century global society.
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Berladyn, Olha. "The Importance of British Teaching Experience (Late 20th – Early 21st Century) for Modern Training of Ukrainian Primary School Teachers in Rural Areas." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0012.
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AbstractThe article deals with peculiarities of primary schools teachers’ professional training in the UK (late 20th – early 21st century) in terms of European integration, analyses development priorities, substantiates the possibilities to use the ideas of the British experience in the training of local primary schools teachers in rural areas. The ideas which have been determined as leading are: development of unified system of standards and teachers training in the context of general integrated requirements for its competence; teachers’ skills to manage their teaching and training activities; modernizing the content of professional training; ensuring continuity of professional training for primary school teachers and their close cooperation with universities, schools and local education system, etc. The results of theoretical research confirm that the development of primary schools in Great Britain has always being and remains a leading factor in the modernization of teacher training. Teacher Education in UK has considerable experience in combining traditional and modern innovation in the time of reforms in that sector, updating the organizational and semantic principles taking into account the European dimension of education. The experience of Great Britain as an active member of formation processes in common European education space, with a rich history, cultural traditions and innovative achievements in terms of professional training of primary school teachers will provide an opportunity to identify and use positive ideas to upgrade the pedagogical education in Ukraine and present its achievements in the European education space. The UK has implemented its own national approach to the modernization of primary school teachers’ professional training on the basis of common European integration processes and changes.
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Staetsky, L. Daniel. "The Left, the Right, Christians, Muslims and Detractors of Israel: Who is Antisemitic in Great Britain in the Early 21st Century?" Contemporary Jewry 40, no. 2 (June 2020): 259–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12397-020-09335-1.
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Kustowska, Joanna. "Russia-United Kingdom Relations after The Year 2018. Condition and Predictions." Reality of Politics 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2021406.
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The relations between the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation have a long history. Over centuries those relations were changing. At the beginning the countries were hostile and militant towards each other. Then, they became allies in World War I and World War II. However, never in the modern history bilateral relations between Great Britain and Russia have been so obscure and distant. Some scientists and politicians even suggest that relations between the United Kingdom and Russia are frozen. This thesis can be supported by the analysis of recent events in the 21st century history: from an attempt to murder ex-Russian agent in 2018 to firing warning shots at the British Royal Navy destroyer in the Black See by Russians in 2021.
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Mukan, Nataliya, Olena Fuchyla, and Halyna Ihnatiuk. "Constructivist Approach in a Paradigm of Public School Teachers′ Professional Development in Great Britain, Canada, the USA." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0016.
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Abstract The article dwells on professional development of public school teachers as an inevitable constituent of education systems in the 21st century. In such economically developed countries as Great Britain, Canada and the USA, the problem of preparing teachers to a difficult and responsible task of upbringing and educating future citizens always remains topical. The authors define the following aim and objectives of their research: to conduct analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and to define the notion of teachers′ “professional development”; to research a place and role of the constructivist approach to professional development of teachers. Some aspects of the problem under research have been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers′ professional development (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); elaboration of professional development curricula (C. Pratt); content of teachers′ professional development (N. Dana Fichtman, S. Zepeda); concept-oriented instruction (J. Guthrie); continuing professional development (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyi, O. Kuznietsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, structural and systematic methods, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
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Garbuzov, V. N. "Zigzags of the Post-Imperial Syndrome." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S6 (September 2022): S492—S503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s101933162212005x.
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Abstract The death of every empire is always painful and often turns into tragedy. It inevitably entails painful processes: the rupture of habitual economic ties, the loss of vast territories and spheres of influence, the formation of new states and the definition of borders between them, the emergence of national minorities on the territory of neighbors, etc. However, perhaps the most painful result is the sense of loss of self-worth, a complex of lost greatness that develops into the so-called post-imperial syndrome. In the 20th century, it manifested itself in Germany, Great Britain, France, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, and former metropolises, which, with the loss of their colonies, lost not only established ties but also geopolitical influence, and with it their former imperial power. In the first quarter of the 21st century, Russia also has had to face the post-imperial syndrome. This article is devoted to its manifestations at this time.
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Yuriev, Dmitry A. "Post-Liberalism and the End of Freedom." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 40 (December 12, 2011): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2021-0-4-49-63.
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Abstract. The Liberal and Conservative parties (former Tories and Whigs) have shared power in Great Britain for about 250 years. In 1811, in Spanish Cadiz, the concept of «liberalism» was first used as official definition of political ideology. In the 19th century (and the first half of the 20th century), there was a continuing battle between liberals and conservatives, that sometimes rose to the level of civil war. The second half of the 20th century was marked by the moral and economic triumph of liberal democracy. But after the first two decades of the 21st century the question of liberalism and its fate has become sharply aggravated. Liberalism again turned out to be a sensitive issue, the controversy around it reached the intensity that is more typical for religious and interethnic conflicts, than political ones. In 2019, Vladimir Putin declared that the liberal idea completely outlived its usefulness. The leaders of many Western countries opposed him, declaring the triumph of liberalism. But the analysis of the contemporary events allows us to suggest that the liberal idea in its current incarnation has not outlived itself, but it can “eliminate” the humanity.
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Thane, Patricia M. "What difference did the vote make? Women in public and private life in Britain since 1918*." Historical Research 76, no. 192 (March 27, 2003): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00175.
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Abstract This article looks at what has and has not changed in women's lives since they gained the vote. Women are still more prone to poverty than men, especially single mothers and older women, a fact which would have disappointed the suffragists, many of whom saw elimination of poverty as a priority and played a major role in bringing the Welfare State into being. Suffragists did not expect gender equality to follow quickly after getting the vote. They expected – and got – a long, hard struggle. The women's movement was stronger in the nineteen-twenties and thirties than it had ever been and led to an impressive number of legislative changes. Women's activism was more muted after the Second World War, but revived in the nineteen-fifties even before the great wave of feminism after 1968. The spate of legislation which resulted was comparable with that of the nineteen-twenties. It is not enough to examine legislation. The greatest change in women's lives has been due to increased use of birth control from the late nineteenth century. From the nineteen-sixties the Pill has allowed women to delay starting families without sacrificing sexual relationships, and to establish themselves in a career. However, career opportunities for women remain limited, especially in the skilled trades, while divorce and the ‘long hours’ culture since the nineteen-eighties have made it more difficult for women to combine family and career. The historical record suggests that increased gender equality has been achieved only by campaigns, legislation and measures of positive discrimination, not by gradual persuasion.
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McAuley, James White, and Paul W. Nesbitt-Larking. "Imagining the Post-COVID-19 Polity: Narratives of Possible Futures." Social Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11080346.
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The COVID-19 crisis is arguably the most important development of the 21st century so far and takes its place alongside the great eruptions of the past century. As with any crisis, the current pandemic has stimulated visions and proposals for post-COVID-19 societies. Our focus is on narratives—both predictive and prescriptive—that envisage post-COVID-19 political societies. Combining narrative analysis with thematic analysis, we argue that societal changes conditioned by the pandemic have accelerated a turn toward five inter-related developments: A renaissance in rationality and evidence-based science; a return to social equality and equity, including wage equity and guaranteed incomes; a reimagining of the interventionist state in response to crises in the economy, society, the welfare state, and social order; a reorientation to the local and communitarian, with reference in particular to solidaristic mutual aid, community animation, local sourcing, and craft production; and the reinvention of democracy through deep participation and deliberative dialogical decision making. The empirical focus of our work is an analysis of predominantly legacy media content from the Canadian Periodicals Index related to life after the pandemic and post-COVID-19 society.
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Solopova, Olga A. "Metaphor in modeling the future: the best-case scenario (based on political discourses of Russia, the USA and Great Britain, the 21st century)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 46 (April 1, 2017): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/46/5.
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Jansson, Sören. "Food Practices and Division of Domestic Labour. A Comparison between British and Swedish Households." Sociological Review 43, no. 3 (August 1995): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1995.tb00611.x.
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This paper emanates from a problem with general reference to basic conditions of family life and food practices. More specifically it concerns the striving of preventive health care in persuading contemporary Western Europeans to change their attitudes to food in a health oriented direction. The question is: Do gender roles at home influence people's attitudes towards food? A survey of current sociological and ethnological research in Great Britain and Sweden shows two partly different gender role patterns, one (the British) with obvious traits of role segregation and the other (the Swedish) comparatively more integrated. From these observations follows an analysis of how each pattern respectively affects food practices on a household level. One conclusion is that segregated roles seem to favour conservatism while equality oriented relations create prerequisites for changeability. The discussion comments on social and historical conditions generating differences in gender role patterns, with special emphasis on working class culture and peasant culture as important historical factors. The paper concludes by asserting that the conditions for political initiative aimed at increased equality at home are better today than ever before during the twentieth century. But to succeed these initiatives must primarily focus upon the male role and its relation to domestic work.
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Jiang, Xu. "Discussion on the Network Literacy Education System of College Students under the Big Data Media Management Model." Journal of Sensors 2022 (August 23, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1517051.
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Quality is strengthened by one’s own efforts in continuous learning. Quality education is a requirement for enhancing comprehensive national power. In a sense, it is of great significance to carry out quality education for college students, improve national quality, cultivate innovative talents, and ensure the quality of national and innovative talents, which is a prerequisite for social development. Quality education is the requirement of education reform in higher vocational colleges. Since entering the 21st century, many higher education institutions have slowly changed from elite education to mass education and from professional education in the past to professional education and quality education at the same time. This paper focuses on the study of college students’ network quality education system under the big data media management mode, using SQL Server big data management system, Oracle big data analysis research, and related score evaluation method to make an overall analysis of the current situation of China’s college students’ network quality education, and on this basis, we propose to improve academic standards, improve teachers’ quality education ability, follow academic freedom and equality, and improve the suggestions of improving academic standards, improving teachers’ quality education ability, following academic freedom and equality, improving teacher appointment system, optimizing evaluation system of quality education results, innovating incentive mechanism of university teachers’ online quality education, and creating benign development system of university teachers’ online quality education are proposed.
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Jureńczyk, Łukasz. "The United Kingdom against Russia’s attempts to maintain the zones of influence on the example of the Ukrainian crisis." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6464.
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The subject of the paper are the United Kingdom’s actions against Russia's attempts to maintain its zones of influence, based on the example of the Ukrainian crisis. The introduction consists of a synthetic outline of the geopolitical rivalry between Russia and Great Britain. The next section discusses the attitude of the United Kingdom towards Russia’s attempts to maintain its zones of influence in the 21st century. The main section of the paper focuses on the United Kingdom’s actions against Russia’s military policy in Ukraine. The main thesis of the paper assumes that during the Ukrainian crisis, the UK has taken the most far-reaching measures so far to oppose Russia’s attempts to maintain zones of influence. The consequence of this is a significant deterioration in Russian-British relations due to the Ukrainian crisis. The leading paradigm is structural realism. The method of text source analysis was used in the paper.
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TONGUE, S. C., J. W. WILESMITH, J. NASH, M. KOSSAIBATI, and J. RYAN. "The importance of the PrP genotype in active surveillance for ovine scrapie." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 5 (June 25, 2007): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807008928.
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SUMMARYSurveillance activities for ovine scrapie have expanded in the 21st century, following concerns about the potential for a hidden epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in European sheep populations. Large-scale surveys have been used to estimate the prevalence of scrapie infection. In this study we analyse data from the surveys in Great Britain between 2002 and 2004. When we estimate genotype-specific prevalences for each of the two screening tests used a difference is observed. One test underestimates the number of positive cases in genotypes classically considered to be at a low relative risk of developing clinical disease (ARR- and AHQ-containing genotypes). By comparison, the other test underestimates the number of positive cases in genotypes classically considered to be at an increased relative risk of developing clinical disease (VRQ-containing genotypes). These findings have implications for surveillance, disease control, and diagnostic test evaluation.
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Plaksina, N. V., and Y. A. Manzhosova. "THE OPEN UNIVERSITY IN THE SYSTEM OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN GREAT BRITAIN (AT THE END OF THE 20TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)." Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin, no. 3 (2019): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2019-3-55-60.
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Faustino, Paulo. "Foreword - The iron curtain, geopolitics and the cultural exception." Journal of Creative Industries and Cultural Studies 8 (2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56140/jocis-v8-1.
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As I write this editorial, the war going on the air space and on the field and over communication (invasion or the special military intervention, in the words of the Russian government in Ukraine by Russia continues. A situation that would be unthinkable to happen in the 21st century where humanist values seem to follow a path of increasing strength; at least in most continents, although the democratic political system is largely a minority in the world; dictatorships or autocracies are dominating the political landscape, especially in Asia, the Middle East and Africa. We must not forget this! I believe that even analysts and experts in international relations, including the ones in the countries with sophisticated espionage systems like USA or Great Britain, would be far from predicting a conflict of this intensity and negative impact on humanity: more than three million refugees and thousands of deaths (both amongst military and civilians) in both countries.
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Weindl, Andrea. "Grotius's Mare Liberum in the Political Practice of Early-Modern Europe." Grotiana 30, no. 1 (2009): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016738309x12537002674402.
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AbstractIn this article Mare liberum is placed within the context of seventeenth-century European politics. It focuses on the development of conventional relations between European States regarding their interests outside of Europe and their importance concerning the status of Asian and African 'actors'. It turns out that in spite of Mare liberum's high-sounding proclamation of equality of non-European sovereigns with European States, Grotius's position as well as Dutch policy was inspired by self-interest and was essentially opportunistic. The Dutch Republic – as well as other European States – used the 'liberal' principles of Freedom of trade and the Universality of the Law of Nations to attack the Portuguese/Spanish claims of monopoly. However, as the Dutch Republic, Great Britain and France developed their own 'Spheres of Interest' in Asia, Africa and the Americas, they effectively excluded would-be competitors. Indeed, in the eighteenth century the 'pacte colonial' constituted a distinctive characteristic of the conventional and customary 'European Law of Nations'. As non-European political actors in the eighteenth century relatively lost military and political power, the European States finally relegated them to an inferior position, beyond the charmed circle of full 'subjects of Public International Law'. The article also is a contribution to the ongoing discussion about the relation between European imperialism and the development of the doctrine of European International Law.
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Suzdaltsev, Ilya. "Modern English Historiography of the Communist International: A General Overview." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013465-9.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the 21st-century English-language historiography of the Communist International. Contemporary historians are showing increasing interest in the study of this international organization. Three available conceptual approaches to this topic (“traditionalist”, “revisionist”, and “post-revisionist”) are considered and characterized, the works of historians from Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand are analyzed. The article demonstrates an increase in research interest in the Communist International. In a fairly large volume of studies, there are monographs and articles devoted to the organization both directly (the historiography of the Comintern, the activities of its sections around the world, etc.) and indirectly, i.e., to related issues such as the history of communism, in particular, and the left forces, in general, international relations of Soviet Russia, the communist movement in individual countries, etc. These studies touch on the period of the Comintern's activity from 1920 to the end of the 1930s, including several controversial issues: the impact on the policy of the national communist parties of the “The Twenty-one Conditions”, united front tactics, Bolshevization, Stalinization, and the Popular Front. The author believes that most of the studies (especially those published in the first decade of the 21st century) are based on studies published long before the 2000s, however, archival materials are being used in increasing volumes, which makes modern research more objective. This gives grounds for a conclusion about the revision of the historiographic tradition of the Comintern that existed in the 20th century: new approaches (“revisionist” and “post-revisionist”) entailed a change in emphasis and a revision of some established points of view. Authors adhering to these approaches rely mainly on modern literature (including Russian) and a wide source base represented by materials from both national archives and the Russian State Archives of Social-Political History.
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Ankhimiuk, Mstislav Yu. "Foreign Policy in Programs of Czech Political Parties at Turn of the 21th Century: Historiographical Essay." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 65 (2022): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-65-128-141.
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The paper presents a historiographical overview of the evolution of foreign policy concepts of Czech political parties at the turn of the 21st century in terms of cardinal geopolitical changes and formation of a new system of international relations in Europe. After the emergence of the independent Czech Republic, scholars from different countries began to show interest in the foreign policy of the new state in the region of Central and South-Eastern Europe. The present research groups academic papers according to the centers of study of the topic in Russia, the Czech Republic, Great Britain and the USA, also following chronological order, starting from the 1990s and ending with the end of the 2010s. For the first time the author designates a “watershed” in the history of the issue, when in the scientific literature the study of Czech foreign policy in general turns to a narrower range of topics. Many researchers specializing in international relations turned from studying general issues of Czech foreign policy to specific topics, such as the positions of parties regarding further European integration, military cooperation with NATO, relations with Russia, etc. This fact allows us to talk about the growing interest of the scientific community in deep processes shaping the foreign policy of the Czech Republic.
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Malkin, Stanislav Gennadyevich. "Methodological features of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling studying." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201872216.
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The following paper deals with methodological features of studying of empires legacy role in policy of the leading powers in the countries of the third world through a prism of asymmetric conflicts historical modeling. The author pays special attention to the role of Great Britain and the USA foreign policy course defining after World War II during Cold War in the second half of the 20th century and Global War on Terror at the beginning of the 21st century. The author pays attention to methodological traps (such as the probability of the research problem on the given variable and terminological confusion) as well as to research opportunities which are opened by such approach in the field of the historical and political analysis (for example, evolution of the international relations theory and practice in the conditions of the world order transformation after World War II). Special attention is given to the value of such methodological reception as asymmetric conflicts historical modeling in expert estimates of the leading powers foreign policy. The paper also deals with the role of expert community and academic expertize as an important component of that analytical operation which is carried out within historical simulation of the asymmetrical conflicts.
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Bielecka, Elzbieta. "GIS Spatial Analysis Modeling for Land Use Change. A Bibliometric Analysis of the Intellectual Base and Trends." Geosciences 10, no. 11 (October 25, 2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110421.
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The paper aimed to express the cognitive and intellectual structure of research executed in the field of GIS-based land use change modeling. An exploration of the Web of Science database showed that research in GIS spatial analysis modeling for land use change began in the early 1990s and has continued since then, with a substantial growth in the 21st century. By science mapping methods, particularly co-coupling, co-citation, and citation, as well as bibliometric measures, like impact indices, this study distinguishes the most eminent authors, institutions, countries, and journals in GIS-based land use change modeling. The results showed that GIS-based analysis of land use change modeling is a multi- and interdisciplinary research topic, as reflected in the diversity of WoS research categories, the most productive journals, and the topics analyzed. The highest impact on the world sciences in the field have can be attributed to European Universities, particularly from The Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, and Great Britain. However, China and the United States published the highest number of research papers.
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Miklouho-Maclay, Niсkolay N. "Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage and Historical Memory as a Tool for the Development of Scientific, Educational, and International Projects." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021376-1.
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Work on the preservation of historical and cultural heritage and historical memory is the main goal of the Miklouho-Maclay Foundation for the Preservation of Ethnocultural Heritage. The author, a great-grandson and full namesake of the famous scientist-traveler Nikolay N. Miklukho-Maklai is the founder and the head of the Fund. In the article, the author argues the goals of the foundation and talks about its main projects in the initial period of activity (2017-2020). The materials presented in the article demonstrate how the preservation of the scientific and ideological heritage of the Russian scientist Nikolay N. Miklukho-Maklai contributes to the development of scientific, cultural, and educational projects, including international ones. During his numerous voyages to Oceania, Australia, and Southeast Asia in 1870, Miklukho-Maclay carried out extensive expeditionary work and gathered unique factual material, which allowed him to rightfully enter the history of the world science as an outstanding ethnographer, anthropologist, and naturalist of broad profile. He made significant contributions to various scientific disciplines and developed and substantiated the doctrine of equality of races and peoples. The article also discusses field expedition activities in the South Pacific today, contemporary Russian researchers, and their influence on the development of scientific projects and international scientific relations. The author talks about the expeditions of scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, who conducted research on the territory of Papua New Guinea in the 20th century and shares his experience about the expeditions in the 21st century, organized by the Miklukho-Maklai Foundation. He shares his experience of the expeditions of the 21st century organized by the Miklouho-Maclay Foundation and the use of their results in the projects of the Foundation. The author presents in the article his vision of the prospects and role of the Foundation, the main mission of which is to preserve traditions, raise respect for the values and cultures of the peoples of the world, implement educational, scientific, and cultural projects to protect the historical memory. In addition, the author analyzes the prospects of bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
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Dür, Martin, and Lars Keller. "Education for Sustainable Development through International Collaboration. A Case Study on Concepts and Conceptual Change of School‐Students from India and Austria on Gender Equality and Sustainable Growth." Education Sciences 8, no. 4 (October 27, 2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci8040187.
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Dealing with the great challenges of the 21st century requires far reaching changes in the lifestyle and perceptions of humans to ensure an appropriate quality of life for all, now and in the future. To provide people with the necessary competencies, the UN initiated the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) program. The two-year research-education, cooperative project ‘AustrIndia-4QOL’ aims to contribute to the goals of ESD. It is based on a collaboration between students from schools in Austria and India on the topics of quality of life, sustainability and global justice. The purpose of this particular case study is to explore the effects of a weeklong face-to-face collaboration in the final part of the AustrIndia-4QOL project. Therefore, it is examined whether or not Austrian and Indian students’ concepts regarding the Sustainable Development Goals ‘Gender Equality’ and ‘Decent Work and Economic Growth’ change as a consequence of encountering differing perspectives. Short texts written by the students at the beginning and at the end of this collaboration, according to guiding questions, form the basis for a qualitative content analysis. The findings illustrate that the students’ awareness increased and their evaluation of topics related to the discussed sustainable development goals changed.
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Roberts, Priscilla. "British Commonwealth Archives from Far North to Distant South: Neglected Resources for Cold War International History." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-29020003.
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Abstract British Commonwealth archives constitite a rich and often under-utilized source of material for understanding the international history of the 20th and 21st centuries. From the late 19th Century onward, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand each enjoyed close and confidential relations with not just Britain, but with each other and increasingly, too, with the United States. They also participated in major international organizations at both an official and non-governmental level. Although or perhaps because each was a “middle” rather than “great” power, as each country developed its own diplomatic bureaucracy, their representatives often had informal and even intimate insights into the policies of a wide range of countries. This article introduces the highlights of each nation’s major archival repositories for materials relating to international affairs. While the holdings of the Library and Archives of Canada in Ottawa, the National Archives of Australia and the National Library of Australia in Canberra, and the National Archives of New Zealand in Wellington all feature prominently, the author casts a wider net and draw researchers’ attention to additional important and often under-utilized collections scattered across the different countries.
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Getashvili, Nina V. "«Eternal Images» of Antiquity: Functional Analysis in the Scope of the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries Visual Culture." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 15, no. 1 (January 2022): 09–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0873.
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Traced the desire of star artists from France, Italy, Spain, Great Britain, Russia, different generations and with fundamentally different worldview foundations of creativity, in recent decades to include antique motifs in their imaginative programs; moreover, making them the translators of individual artistic expressions reflecting socio-cultural reception. The portrayal of ancient images, on different aesthetic and worldview bases, are present in the experimental works of the modernism, in the postmodernism (which became a reflection of the collapse of the whole picture of the world observed in modern psychology, philosophy, history), are a means of actualization gender issues, the problems of the LDF community, a reflection of glamorous aesthetics, arise in examples of street art and arte-pover, elite and mass culture, etc. For the first time in many centuries, «antique» sculptures appear at city crossroads and squares, bearing signs of the formal vocabulary of new trends. Over the past more than half a century, the individual statements of artists, in an attempt to remain in the field of polemical discourse, in an effort to expand the boundaries of the norm, including the recently approved ones, took place within the framework of large-scale (it is important to be aware) conceptual projects, thematically completely based on the interpretation of the images of Antiquity, which takes place for the first time in the history of exhibition practice. Moreover, these projects sometimes seem to be milestones in the development of contemporary art
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Thompson, F. M. L. "Presidential Address: English Landed Society in the Twentieth Century: I, Property: Collapse and Survival." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 40 (December 1990): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679160.
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The death rattle of the landed order, like the death knell of capitalism, has been clearly heard dozens of times over the last hundred years and more. Yet there is a suspicion that the sounds have been mis-heard misinterpreted, for collapse and decomposition have never followed the symptoms of sickness and crisis. The Churchill family have played their part in crying ‘wolf’. In 1885 the 8th Duke of Marlborough, reflecting on ‘the organised agitation against the present ownership of land’, asserted that ‘were there any effective demand for the purchase of land, half the land of England would be in the market tomorrow’. He had inside information, the Blenheim estate being heavily indebted. A generation later his son, the 9th Duke, having helped stave off disaster by marrying Consuelo Vanderbilt, wrote in his turn to The Times. Under the heading ‘Old Order Doomed’ and the shock of the 1919 Budget, with its ‘confiscatory’ increase in death duties to a rate of 40 per cent on estates of £2 million and over, he stated that ‘[the] fortresses of territorial influence it is proposed to raze in the name of social equality’ and forecast that ‘the new tax must make it impossible for the heirs of these men—[the landed magnates]—to carry on the tradition’. Whether the heirs have carried on the tradition is debatable, but it is indisputable that in 1989 his grandson, now the 11 th Duke, is still seated in Blenheim Palace, surrounded by an estate of 11,500 acres. That may be no more than half the acreage owned by his great-grandfather but it is nevertheless a very large estate, and a principal reason for placing the IIth Duke among the 200 wealthiest people in Britain.
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Romanova, Natalia G., and Keemya V. Orlova. "PRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH “COMINTERN AND THE EAST: TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE COMINTERN” IN THE INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES, RAS." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (19) (2022): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-245-251.
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The collective monograph “Comintern and the East: To the 100th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Comintern” focuses on the activities of the Comintern in the Eastern countries. Based on the newly discovered documents and materials from Russian and foreign archives, the collective of authors proposes to look at the events of the early 20th century from the perspective of the 21st century, and to expand the understanding of the place and role of the Communist International in the context of internal political, geopolitical, economic, national liberation processes as well as the main directions of its policy. Presented monograph is based on the talks of the international academic conference “The Comintern and the East: To the 100th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Comintern”, organized by the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The book consists of five sections. The first section opens with the studies on the relationship of the Comintern and the first Middle Eastern Communist Parties in Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Iran. The second section researches the relationship of the Comintern with the countries of the Far East: Japan, China, and Korea. The third section analyzes the role of the Comintern in the history of Russian / Soviet-Mongolian relations in the 1920s — early 1930s. The fourth section extensively covers materials on the liberation movement in India, where M. N. Roy, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and others played prominent roles. The fifth section contains studies about the relationship between the leaders of the Comintern and the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1920–1924.
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Basovskaya, Elena, and Leonid Basovskiy. "New Cycles and Systemic Crises of the World Economy." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 10, no. 3 (June 17, 2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2022-10-3-4-8.
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The purpose of the work was to identify new long-term cycles of modern world economic dynamics. In the world economic dynamics, long-term - half-century cycles were identified, identified as the cycles of N. Kondratiev, which were formed during the formation of the industrial economy. The transition to a post-industrial economy could change the cyclic nature of economic dynamics. To assess possible changes in the system of long-term cycles of economic dynamics, a spectral analysis of the series of per capita GDP of the leaders of the world economy in terms of labor productivity was performed. The results showed that in the 20th century the economic dynamics of Great Britain and the United States formed powerful cycles with a period of 25-30 years. A spectral analysis of the series of per capita GDP in the world for the period 1962-2019 has been performed. The results obtained indicate that at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries, powerful cycles with a period of 25-30 years were formed in world economic dynamics, significantly exceeding half-century cycles in terms of power.
Econometric models with a cyclic (harmonic) component are constructed to estimate the parameters of cycles. At the first stage of research, the model of world per capita GDP was guarded, the optimized period of which was 65. At the second stage, a model was built, the optimized period of which was 25 years. The possibility of the existence of two models indicates that in the economic systems of developed countries, in the world economy, transitional processes are taking place. Both models may reflect the beginning of the formation at the beginning of the second decade of a new technological order, characteristic of the post-industrial economic system. This means the possibility of a systemic global economic crisis in 2022-2023.
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SOSNOVA, Miroslava. "ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND MODERN CONCEPT OF THE FUTURE TEACHERS TRAINING." Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Pedagogical Sciences 12 (2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2522-1477-2022-12-117-125.
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The article examines the analysis of historical experience and the modern concept of the future teachers training based on the examples of research on various aspects of teacher education in Ukraine and foreign countries: Great Britain, Germany, and the United States. It is noted that the main element in the content of pedagogical education is the theoretical and practical component in the preparation of the future teacher. The teacher of the 21st century is declared the bearer of social change. Orientation of society towards European standards and values, the best world traditions, require corresponding systemic changes in the field of education as well. The cornerstone of such changes is the improvement of the quality of the educational process in educational institutions, and therefore the quality of teacher training. The author presents the concept of the future teachers training based on the experience of European standards. The progressive achievements of countries that demonstrate a high level of professional training of teachers, in accordance with world standards are of significant scientific interest; they have rich historical traditions of education, which contributes to their leading role in the field of science and education at the regional and global levels; they have accumulated considerable experience in the field of professional training of teachers in new socio-cultural conditions. The key features of the professional training of teachers in the studied foreign countries at the beginning of the 21st century are substantiated: the expansion of the pedagogical practice component in the training of teachers; availability of several alternative ways of teachers training; creation of continuous professional development systems; updating the content of professional teacher training programs; transfer of professional development programs; strengthening of selection rules for pedagogical speciality; delegation of powers regarding certification and professional development. The author notes that the training of a modern teacher must meet the requirements related to innovative activities, the modelling of the structure of such activities of the future teacher is needed, which forms the readiness to perceive, develop or use of the latest educational programs, technologies and does not affect his professional position. No matter how time, values and trends change, a master teacher will always be in demand. Key words: future teacher, foreign experience, concept of training, personally oriented pedagogy, innovative activity.
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Batare, Sintija, and Daina Znotiņa. "DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES OF THE GREEN ECONOMY IN LATVIA (EXAMPLE OF REZEKNE MUNICIPALITY)." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4078.
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Preserving natural capital is important topic in 21st century in order to ensure prosperity by sustaining qualitative ecosystem services that are both - non-material and material benefits provided by nature. As research outlines, green economy is based on three pillars of sustainable development - social, economic and environmental. It was concluded, that the main principles of the green economy are sustainable development, which stimulates economic growth, reduces poverty, while placing natural capital as a major asset; development adapted to the interests and opportunities of each country, regions and local areas ensuring participation of the population, social inclusion; promotion of green industries (renewable energy, waste management, sustainable agriculture); efficient use of natural resources. Research paper analyses the current situation and future potential of Latvia in the implementation of the green economy, taking as the example evaluation of the situation in the Rezekne Municipality. Research methods such as logical constructive method, document analysis, and interviews were used to gather, analyse and reflect information which was then used to create evaluation model that was used in the focus group to assess weaknesses and potential of Rezekne Municipality, for example, potential in the production of gas from waste. Also important is education of society and their involvement in non-governmental organizations, and the development of the greener way of thinking, where there are noticeable weaknesses. It is possible to take direct examples from other countries (case studies from Finland, France, Lithuania, and Great Britain) that already have experience and real results.
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I., Onishchenko. "Do we need social sciences and humanities in the 21st century (Optimization of social sciences and humanities in the European and American higher school)." Economics and Management, no. 86(1) (February 28, 2020): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36919/2312-7812.1.2020.133.
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This article explores the level of teaching of social sciences and humanities cycle within the frameworks of Ukrainian educational system, crisis and optimization of curricula as well. Attention is paid to the fact that, the correspondence of modern education system to the task (challenges) of contemporary society can be viewed as a sharp question for consideration that the scientists have been coming across for almost twenty years of the 21st century. It is argued that the impending revolution will affect (if not completely destroy) the political world order, to which humanity must be prepared. Perhaps today, there is a blurred understanding (human being as a social/political subject) of direct correlation of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering. A certain country’s political system or financial-banking system works are not crucial ones. A man is aimed at getting the earned money on time - transfer it from his ATM and spend it as he/ she wishes. He/she needs harmony in everything from family relations to the political climate. The emergence of new socio-political models with new forms of ideologies requires the flexibility towards new realities. It is argued that it is necessary to change educational approaches not only in the sense of its organization but in its content as well. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the old educational model set the primary goal - to provide education, now a different task - people should become independent, creative managers of their future. In this sense, only knowledge of a particular profession is insufficient. Proved to work in a new way in today’s environment, you need to see and understand these new conditions. It is argued that humanitarian knowledge shaping the socio-political culture of the individual, as an integral part of modern state formation, can come to the rescue. It is argued that it is possible to form a political culture, in particular, by studying the disciplines of the social and humanitarian cycle in higher education institutions. We have presented the models of social sciences and humanities teaching in higher educational institutions of the USA, Great Britain, France, Japan and South Korea. Attention is drawn to the content of educational programs in educational institutions in the United States and some European countries, which since 2015 have begun to increase the scope of study of humanities not only in classical universities, but also in technical ones
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Martynova, V. I. "Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra in the Works by Modern Time Composers: Aspects of Genre Stylistics." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 54, no. 54 (December 10, 2019): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-54.05.
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Introduction. Concerto for oboe and orchestra in the music of modern time (20th – early 21st centuries), on the one hand, is based on the traditions of past eras, on the other hand, it contains a number of new stylistic trends, among which the leading trend is the pluralism of composer’s decisions. Despite this, the works created during this period by the composers of different national schools can be divided into three groups – academic, experimental, and pastoral. The article gives the review of them. Objective. The main objective of the article is to identify the features of genre stylistics in oboe concertos by composers of the 20th – early 21st centuries. Methods. In order to realize this objective, the elements of a number of general scientific and special musicological research methods have been used – historical-and-genetic, deductive, comparative, organological, stylistic, genre and performing analysis. Results and Discussion. The article discusses and systematizes the features of the genre stylistics of modern time oboe concertos. Based on the analysis of the historical-and-stylistic context, the correlation of traditions and innovations in the oboe-concerto genre, as well as the nature of the relationship between concerto and chamber manners as its common features are revealed. The classification of oboe concertos of the specified period by three genre-and-style groups – academic, experimental, and pastoral, is proposed. The main development trends in each of these groups are analyzed, taking into account the genre, national and individual-author’s stylistics (more than 70 pieces are involved). For the first time, the generalizations are proposed regarding the oboe expressiveness and techniques, generally gravitating towards universalism as a style dominant in the concerto genre. It is noted that, in spite of this main trend, the oboe in the concertos by modern time masters retains its fundamental organological semantics – the aesthetics and poetics of pastoral mode. The music of modern time, the count of which starts from the last decade of the 19th century and to present, comes, on the one hand, as a unique encyclopedia of the previous genres and styles, and on the other hand, as a unique multicomponent artistic phenomenon of hypertext meaning. The first is embodied in the concept of the style pluralism which means the priority of the person’s (composer’s and performer’s) component in aesthetics and poetics of a musical work. The second involves an aspect of polystylistics that is understood in two meanings: 1) aesthetic, when different stylistic tendencies are represented in a particular artistic style; 2) purely “technological”, which is understood as the technique of composing, when different intonation patterns in the form of style quotations and allusions (according to Alfred Schnittke) constitute the compositional basis of the same work. It is noted that the oboe concertos of the modern time masters revive the traditions of solo music-making, which were partially lost in the second half of the 19th century. At the new stage of evolution, since the early 20th century (1910s), the concerto oboe combines solo virtuosity with chamber manner, which is realized in a special way by the authors of different styles. Most of them (especially in the period up to the 1970s–1980s of the previous century) adhere to the academic model which is characterized by a three-part composition with a tempo ratio “fast – slow – fast” with typical structures of each of the parts – sonata in the first, complex three-part in the second, rondo-sonata in the third, as well as traditional, previously tried and used means of articulation and stroke set (concertos by W. Alvin, J. Horovitz – Great Britain; E. T. Zwillich, Ch. Rouse – USA; O. Respighi – Italy; Lars-Erik Larrson – Switzerland, etc.). The signs of the oboe concertos of the experimental group are the freedom of structure both in the overall composition and at the level of individual parts or sections, the use of non-traditional methods of playing (J. Widmann, D. Bortz – Germany; C. Frances-Hoad, P. Patterson – England; E. Carter – USA; J. MacMillan – Scotland; O. Navarro – Spain; N. Westlake – Australia). The group of pastoral concertos is based on highlighting the key semantics of oboe sound image. This group includes concertos of two types – non-programmatic (G. Jacob, R. Vaughan Williams, M. Arnold – Great Britain; О. T. Raihala – Finland; M. Berkeley, Е. Carter – USA and other authors); programmatic of two types – with literary names (L’horloge de flore J. Françaix – France; Helios, Two’s Company T. Musgrave; Angel of Mons J. Bingham – Great Britain); based on the themes of the world classics or folklore (two concertos by J. Barbirolli – Great Britain – on the themes of G. Pergolesi and A. Corelli; Concerto by B. Martinu – Czechia – on the themes from Petrushka by I. Stravinsky, etc.). This group of concertos also includes the genre derivatives, such as suite (L’horloge de flore J. Françaix); fantasy (Concerto fantasy for oboe, English horn and orchestra by V. Gorbulskis); virtuoso piece (Pascaglia concertante S. Veress); concertino (Concertino by N. Scalcottas, R. Kram, A. Jacques); genre “hybrids” (Symphony-Concerto by J. Ibert; Symphony-Concerto by T. Smirnova; Chuvash Symphony-Concerto by T. Alekseyeva; Concerto-Romance by Zh. Matallidi; Concerto-Poem for English horn, oboe and orchestra by G. Raman). Conclusions. Thus, the oboe concerto in the works by modern time composers appears as a complex genre-and-intonation fusion of traditions and innovations, in which prevail the individual-author’s approaches to reproducing the specificity of the genre. At the same time, through the general tendency of stylistic pluralism, several lines-trends emerge, defined in this article as academic, experimental, and pastoral, and each of them can be considered in more detail in the framework of individual studies.
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Дроздовський, Дмитро Ігорович. "НАУКОВО-КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ СТВОРЕННЯ «THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY LITERARY FICTION»." Наукові записки Харківського національного педагогічного університету ім. Г. С. Сковороди "Літературознавство" 1, no. 99 (2022): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2312-1076.2022.1.99.03.
Full textAbstract:
In the paper, the author has examined the principles of design and structure of key content-thematic chapters (“Sexuality”, “Identity”, “Finance”, “War/Terrorism”, etc.) in one of the fundamental literary compendiums of the recent years – “The Routledge Companion to Twenty-First Century Literary Fiction”. This edition proposes a scientific systematization of key issues related to the discourse of English-language literature of the XXI Century. The authors of the chapters pay attention to the genre of the novel, which represents the key philosophical, genological, narrative modifications in the stream of the contemporary fiction of Great Britain, the United States and some other countries. “The Routledge Companion…” summarizes the logic of the development of the contemporary literary process in English-speaking countries, emphasizing the forms of distancing from the postmodern novel and defining those worldviews, narratives and otheraspects that give grounds to talk about the emergence of the novel, which reflects a new cultural and historical period, different from the postmodern configurations. It was found out that the editors of the compendium seek to capture the logic of the literary process, while combining historical and literary facts with the delineation of theoretical problems that are reflected in the literary process. Innovative aspects have been identified, the question of the anthropocene has been outlined, the genre of comics and graphic novels and the stream of the contemporary literature has been studied, the theory of realism(s), etc. has been outlined, the way the literary compendium inspires further development of the humanities has been studied. The principles of structuring theoretical problems, the relationship between history, literary theory and philosophy of literature as key factors determining the epistemological basis of the publication have been discussed. “The Routledge Companion…” summarizes key issues related to the humanities in general and cultural studies, phenomenology and anthropology, and, therefore, the compendium is based on a comparative approach (in the broadest sense) involved in writing a 21st century history of literature. The work was prepared within the framework of the Program and Competitive Themes of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine “Support of Priority Scientific Research and Scientific-Technical (Experimental) Developments of the Department of Literature, Language, and Arts of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for 2022-2023”. Title: “Scientific and conceptual principles of contemporary literary encyclopedias: world experience”.
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Bulanova, M. B., and E. A. Artamonova. "The NEET youth: European context and Russian realities." RUDN Journal of Sociology 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2020-20-1-64-72.
Full textAbstract:
The article attempts to identify features and provide a social portrait of the NEET youth in the European and Russian contexts. The developed European countries faced the NEET phenomenon in the late 20th - early 21st century: according to the Eurostat definition, this group includes young people aged 15-24, unemployed or economically inactive, who do not study and do not get vocational training - in 2017, the NEET youth made on average 14.7% of the working population. In Russia, the number of NEETs is at the average European level - 15%. According to the classification of the International Labor Organization (ILO), there are two groups of NEETs: NEET-unemployed and NEET-inactive. The authors consider as the determining factor of becoming a part of the NEET group one’s unwillingness to work and study, i.e. the criteria of being NEET is not working (rather than being unemployed) and not studying (rather than being economically inactive). Thus, it is the forms of ‘social dependency’ of the NEET youth that make the study of this group so difficult. The article examines objective and subjective reasons for the emergence of this group and social consequences of being in the NEET group, whose representatives try to benefit from the situation. The authors show that the assessment of the NEET youth as marginal, i.e. a transitional and unstable group, encourages European states to provide assistance to these young people to help them to get out of the situation of non-working and non-studying. The article provides some examples of such assistance in Italy, Great Britain, Poland, Spain, and the Netherlands.
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Дієго Феліпе Арбелаез-Кампіллo, Магда Джулісса Рохас-Багамон, and Олег Геннадійович Данильян. "DISCOURSE ON THE CATEGORIES «UNIVERSAL CITIZENSHIP”, «HUMAN RIGHTS» AND «GLOBALIZATION»." Bulletin of Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University. Series:Philosophy, philosophies of law, political science, sociology 1, no. 48 (March 9, 2021): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2075-7190.48.224374.
Full textAbstract:
Problem setting. Although modern humanity has proclaimed the universality of human dignity and desperately upholds this value, which is fully in harmony with freedom, equality and fraternity, the truth is that in reality it has not yet been able to go beyond the status of a citizen of the nation state in its legal and political conventions. . In this sense, a very important issue is the representation of the real situation around the categories of "universal citizenship", "human rights" and "globalization" in the midst of the geopolitical conflict in Latin America caused by the persecution of 21st century socialism.
Paper objective. This critical essay aims to discuss the real significance of such political and legal categories as "universal citizenship", "human rights" and "globalization" in the midst of the geopolitical conflict that led to the persecution of 21st century socialism in Latin America.
Methodology. The methodological field of the research uses documentary observation and dialectical hermeneutics, which help to compare and reconcile categories with different semantic contexts to reconstruct their true meaning. The technique of writing this research was the methodological procedure of the hermeneutic circle, which is a sequential analysis of numerous written documentary sources, combined in a kind of dialogic context with hidden messages that can be read between the lines, as well as interpretive theories and critical thinking.
Paper main body. There is much in common between the contemporary political and philosophical programs of the Western cultural space, of which Latin Americans are a part, and the ideas of universal citizenship, globalization, and human rights in a spirit of deep militant universalism that function fully today not only as abstract theories at the disposal of peoples and nations who continue to work to improve their living conditions and strengthen their freedom to exist and act in a better world.
As for the tradition of human rights as a modern expression of natural law, it dates back to ancient times and even dates back to the great religions, which in their own way developed and substantiated the idea of human dignity. The history of the Institute of Human Rights has a pronounced anthropocentric character and deserves to be expanded in accordance with the geopolitical realities of the modern world, in order to protect the indisputable value of all life forms affected by such phenomena as global warming and the associated greenhouse effect. economic growth that requires technological and industrial modernization. For its part, "globalization with a human face" means the ability to interconnect and enrich not only material and financial resources, due to the insatiability of international markets, but also the cycle of knowledge and people required by modern world democracies to strengthen their social and human capital. .
In this context, the idea of global or universal citizenship, while seeming utopian, is of paramount importance as it broadens the political phenomenon of citizenship, which is vital to modern democracies or polyarchies, forgetting the tradition of history ruled by supreme forces and structures. Although, according to K. Popper, already the historicist concept assigned a fundamental role in building a reality conducive to the exercise of freedom, the citizen, conscious and active.
Thus, if globalization is reduced purely to the internationalization of capital and selective human and technological resources solely in the interests of corporate elites and does not turn into a globalization of social welfare and dignity - a process in which universal citizenship would be a logical consequence, then partial globalization, which can do little to promote an open society in the 21st century.
Conclusions of the research. The study concludes that if globalization is reduced to the internationalization of capital and individual human and technological resources for the benefit of the corporate elite and does not extend to the globalization of social welfare and dignity, where universal citizenship would be a logical consequence, such globalization is unlikely to contribute building an open society of the XXI century.