Journal articles on the topic 'Equality – Economic aspects – Econometric models'
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1
Diachkova, Anna V., and Anna E. Kontoboitseva. "Economic Benefits of gender equality: comparing EU and BRICS countries." Economic Consultant 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46224/ecoc.2022.1.1.
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Introduction. In the modern economy the problems of scientific analysis shift the focus from the subject area of gender inequality to gender equality, and special significance is attached to assessing the impact of gender on the social welfare. At the same time, it is noted that developed and developing countries currently have differences in the quality and quantity of goals achieved to address the issue of gender equality. The aim of the article is to assess the economic benefits of gender equality for a group of countries in the European Union and BRICS. Materials and methods. Empirical analysis was based on the construction of regression econometric models that assess the impact on the welfare of the country (GDP) of gender equality in combination with basic macroeconomic factors. Fixed effects regression models have the best descriptive capacity for the EU and BRICS countries, which was verified by standard econometric tests. The information base of the study was made up of official statistics from the reports of the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, the International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations. Results and Discussion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the level of gender equality has a positive effect on the economic development of both the EU countries and the BRICS; a comparison of the results of the constructed econometric models for groups of EU and BRICS countries showed that gender equality has a statistically significant impact on the economic development of countries in each group, and in the BRICS countries it is stronger, so with an increase in gender equality by one, GDP per capita increases by 3.4172 vs. 0.4647 in EU countries. The inclusion of key socio-economic indicators in the analysis made it possible to compare the obtained impact, and it was found that the degree of influence of the equality index is not lower than the degree of influence of basic economic indicators. That increases the importance of this problem both at the level of the country and international associations. The conclusions obtained based on the analysis of macro statistics confirmed the conclusions of the researchers based on microeconomic data. Conclusions. The results of this study are aimed at understanding the problems of gender equality, its impact on the economic well-being of society, both in an individual country and in the world economy as a whole, which can be taken into account in designing the policy of the state and companies that together ensure progress in the development of equality between men and women.
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Palant, Oleksii Yuriiovych, Hanna Volodymyrivna Ortina, and Marharyta Mykolaivna Kucher. "STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINATION OF CRIME IN UKRAINE." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 4(16) (2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-4(16)-14-20.
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The problem of analyzing the socio-economic determination of crime based on the use of econometric models has been studied, the correlation-regression models have been adapted, the applied aspects of the constructed regression equation to solve the problems of crime determination analysis have been considered
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Mohammadi, Hosein, Samira Shayanmehr, and Juan D. Borrero. "Does Freedom Matter for Sustainable Economic Development? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis." Mathematics 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11010145.
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Achieving sustainable economic development is always considered one of the main economic goals of countries. Therefore, researchers are interested in presenting new econometric models for more accurate identification of factors affecting economic growth. The current study evaluates the impact of various aspects of freedom (economic freedom, press freedom, civil freedom, and political rights) and an aggregated freedom index on economic growth in European countries from 2000 to 2019 using spatial panel econometric techniques. In addition, the effects of variables such as FDI, financial development (FD), human capital (HC), and capital stock on economic growth are examined. The findings of this research confirm the existence of spatial autocorrelation in economic growth. The results reveal that civil liberties, economic and press freedom, and aggregated freedom boost economic growth, whereas political rights have no significant effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the econometric model results indicate that FDI, FD, HC, and capital stock are positively and significantly associated with economic growth. This research is expected to provide policymakers with a thorough understanding of how to implement the best policies in European countries to achieve sustainable economic development.
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Stavytskyy, Andriy, and Daria Martynovych. "THE ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF UKRAINIAN MACROECONOMIC TENDENCIES." Ekonomika 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2012.0.906.
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Econometric models are widely used in economic policies of many states. They help to build a great variety of econometric systems for every country and take into account the specifics of each economy.In this article, the structural macroeconomic models that describe the main aspects of the economic policy were applied. The interdependence between the level of inflation, the value of investment, savings, consumption, export and import transactions, taxes on the foreign trade were defined based on the analysis of the key macroeconomic parameters of Ukraine. After investigating all economic indicators, they were transformed into stationary time series for a correct use in the model. In addition, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of residuals were excluded in all econometric equations.As a result, the research shows that a large share of black economy leads to a rather high level of inflation in the state, because its value is primarily determined by expectations of the population under such circumstances. The paper indicates that the further export growth leads to a lower consumption growth and also to a lower growth of savings. Such a situation indicates an insufficient development of the domestic market. Investment growth has been fund not to be directly linked to consumption increase and economic development in general. Unfortunately, the main sources of investment in Ukraine are the funds of enterprises and foreign sources. The analysis shows a need to encourage public involvement into investment processes. For example, the creation of public–private partnerships is especially useful while implementing infrastructural projects.
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Wong, Wing-Keung. "Review on behavioral economics and behavioral finance." Studies in Economics and Finance 37, no. 4 (June 19, 2020): 625–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-10-2019-0393.
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Purpose This paper aims to give a brief review on behavioral economics and behavioral finance and discusses some of the previous research on agents' utility functions, applicable risk measures, diversification strategies and portfolio optimization. Design/methodology/approach The authors also cover related disciplines such as trading rules, contagion and various econometric aspects. Findings While scholars could first develop theoretical models in behavioral economics and behavioral finance, they subsequently may develop corresponding statistical and econometric models, this finally includes simulation studies to examine whether the estimators or statistics have good power and size. This all helps us to better understand financial and economic decision-making from a descriptive standpoint. Originality/value The research paper is original.
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Tarasova, Tatyana Alexandrovna, Evgeniya Vitalievna Ivashchenko, and Irina Evgenievna Ovsyannikova. "Echnology of orientation of the applied use of the logarithmic function in econometric models of production activity." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.73.
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The purpose of the study is to show the use of the logarithmic function in mathematical statistics, using the example of the Cobb-Douglas production function, and to introduce students to the content of individual concepts and formulas of econometric modeling. The contents of individual concepts and formulas based on econometric modeling are disclosed in order to teach students the ability to model and calculate some aspects of production activity, evaluate the correctness of the research procedure, master subject terminology and additional knowledge of economic orientation. The scientific novelty lies in the construction of a regression mathematical model describing the dependence of demand Y on price or income X, for seven regions of the Krasnodar Territory. As a result, the technology of the orientation of the applied.
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Formánek, Tomáš, and Roman Hušek. "Spatial Aspects Of Unemployment In The Visegrad-Group Economies." Creative and Knowledge Society 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0007.
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Abstract Purpose of the article: Most regional macroeconomic processes may not be adequately analyzed without accounting for their spatial nature: regional distances, interactions between neighbors, spill-over effects and interdependencies. This contribution focuses on various factors ruling unemployment dynamics in the Visegrad Group countries and their major economic partners: Germany and Austria. The analysis is performed at the NUTS2 level. Methodology/methods: Spatial econometrics is a unique tool for a broad range of quantitative analyses and evaluations. Spatial econometric models are based on geo-coded (spatially defined) data. Spatial econometrics and regional competitiveness paradigms are combined into different types of regression model specifications describing unemployment dynamics. Alternative spatial structures (i.e. neighbor definitions) are used for verification of stability in estimated model properties. Scientific aim: We aim to provide a detailed empirical evaluation of spatially determined factors of regional unemployment dynamics, along with insight into the robustness of such approach. Both conceptually and parametrically varying neighbor definitions are used to provide evidence for model evaluation. Findings: We find strong positive spatial dependence patterns in the estimated models, robust against varying neighborhood definitions. Our results strongly support the importance of regional and potentially cross-border (international) cooperation in macroeconomic policies addressing unemployment. The estimated models also underline the importance of using spatial models, by pointing out the bias in OLS-estimated models. Conclusions and limits: Spatial approach to econometric analysis provides important insight and robustness to a broad range of unemployment analyses that may be carried out using regional (spatial) data. At the same time, it should be noted that this article focuses mostly on the spatial and stability aspects of model estimation, while leaving out other interesting topics such as spill-over effects calculations as based on estimated models. Also, estimations provided in this article might benefit from spatial panel data-based methods - once data availability issues are sorted.
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Tkach, E. S., M. A. Firsova, and D. A. Fedotov. "Assessment of the Impact of Local Budgets on Regional Human Capital:Historical and Contemporary Aspects." Economy of regions 18, no. 1 (2022): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-17.
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Considering the need for sustainable human capital development in Russia, as well as interdisciplinary research challenges, the present study examines historical and contemporary aspects of the impact of the budget on regional human capital. For this purpose, budgetary mechanisms implemented in the period from 1969 to 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Based on archival materials and data from statistical collections of the Soviet period, the dynamics and structure of budget revenues and expenditures in the 1970s were compared with those in the period from 2000 to 2017. A quantitative assessment was performed to test a hypothesis about a relationship between the volume of social budget expenditures and increase in the return on human capital in the form of tax revenues to the budget. The study employed methods of comparative, structural, correlation and econometric analysis and statistical grouping. Constructed econometric models demonstrated the nature and degree of influence of various social expenditures on the resulting indicator of human capital development. Then, comparative analysis was conducted to interpret the econometric modelling results and data on the state of local budgets in the Soviet and post-Soviet period. Taking into account the established relationship between social expenditures and the indicator of human capital development, public authorities can most efficiently allocate budget funds, ensuring the maximum socio-economic effect from their investment. The research findings can be used for creating socio-economic development strategies of particular regions, as well as for comparing their social development in the historical and geographical context. In this regard, future studies can systematically assess the impact of local budgets of the largest Russian regions on the resulting indicators of human capital.
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Jagrič, Timotej, Dušan Fister, and Vita Jagrič. "Reshaping the Healthcare Sector with Economic Policy Measures Based on COVID-19 Epidemic Severity: A Global Study." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020315.
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Governments around the world are looking for ways to manage economic consequences of COVID-19 and promote economic development. The aim of this study is to identify the areas where the application of economic policy measures would enhance the resilience of societies on epidemic risks. We use data on the COVID-19 pandemic outcome in a large number of countries. With the estimation of multiple econometric models, we identify areas being a reasonable choice for economic policy intervention. It was found that viable remediation actions worth taking can be identified either for long-, mid-, or short-term horizons, impacting the equality, healthcare sector, and national economy characteristics. We suggest encouraging research and development based on innovative technologies linked to industries in healthcare, pharmaceutical, and biotech, promoting transformation of healthcare systems based on new technologies, providing access to quality healthcare, promoting public healthcare providers, and investing in the development of regional healthcare infrastructure, as a tool of equal regional development based on economic assessment. Further, a central element of this study, i.e. the innovative identification matrix, could be populated as a unique policy framework, either for latest pandemic or any similar outbreaks in future.
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Karpenko, Elena, and Kristina Shestakova. "Management of industrial development of the country: theoretical aspects and tools." University Economic Bulletin, no. 49 (May 22, 2021): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-49-81-87.
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The relevance of the research topic is substantiated by the revival of the world community's interest in industry as a driver of economic development. The problem is that industrial development has a number of limitations as a result of imbalances between the resource potential of the economic system, its institutional structure and the dominant technical and economic paradigm, which require the development of special management tools. An analysis of recent publications shows the presence of scientific interest in the search for the relationship between the content of industrial policy, which serves as a tool for managing the country's industrial development, and the level of industrial and economic development in terms of creating certain economic conditions for its formation and implementation. However, the issues of scientific substantiation of the use of specific instruments of the country's economic policy for economic systems of various levels of industrial development are insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to determine and substantiate the factors of scientific and technical, foreign economic, financial and monetary spheres, influencing which it is possible to manage the industrial development of the country through the formation of a favorable environment for the implementation of industrial policy. The research methods used in the work are comparison, grouping, correlation-regression analysis, econometric modeling, systematic approach. Results of work. Within the framework of this study, on the basis of the constructed econometric models, the factors of foreign economic, scientific, technical and monetary policy were identified, which form favorable conditions for the implementation of industrial policy. The factors were differentiated for countries with different levels of industrial development. The field of application of the research results is the state policy aimed at stimulating industrial development. Conclusions. The work establishes the priority influence of monetary policy factors at a degree of industrialization from 0 to 1; monetary and scientific and technical policy with a degree of industrialization from 1 to 15; factors of all types are important if the degree of industrialization is higher than 15. Taking into account the above factors when developing the content of the national industrial policy will contribute to: achieving the goals in the field of industrial development, reducing the risks of negative effects from government intervention in industrial production, predicting the consequences of adopting certain economic solutions.
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Peng, Bin, Bing Xia, and Zhen Ling Liu. "High Speed Rail: Review on the Regional Impact and Economy Development." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.107.
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This impacts of high-speed rail transit, such as the Japanese Shinkansen the first high-speed rail in the world, has been contributed on regional structure or regional systems. The previous study has been mainly centered on many aspects. Does construction of high-speed rail transit in less-developed or remote regions lead to economic activity or population dispersion from developed regions, and thus, lead to the reduced regional disparities? Traditionally, answers to such questions would be obtained through large-scale multi-regional econometric models, which are capable of predicting inter-regional trade. Detailed models are more general in the sense that they can provide richer information in response to various policy variables. The construction of high-speed rail (HSR) is very populous in China. It is no doubt that the HSR will have great impact on the regional development and bring great beneficial economic and social effects. In this paper, the HSR and impact on the regional development is summarized. The first high-speed intercity line from Beijing to Tianjin, which became operational since 2008, has being creating positive impacts on regional economic development and other aspects.
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Feshchur, R. V., N. O. Kolinko, S. V. Shyshkovskyi, and D. I. Skvortsov. "Applied Aspects of Industrial Production Research in Ukraine." Business Inform 4, no. 519 (2021): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-4-73-81.
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Industry is one of the important sectors of the economy of any country in the world. At the same time, statistics show that the industrial complexes of many countries are developing unevenly, with periodic changes in the structure and volume of production under the influence of many internal and external factors. Ukraine's industrial complex is also undergoing spatial and structural distortions, but these trends do not always correspond to those formed in the world's leading countries in the direction and pace of change, although today the industrial complex of Ukraine is the most important structural part of Ukraine's economy, a third of fixed assets and more than 30% of the employed population. As one of the largest spheres of social production in the country, industrial production determines the level of its socio-economic development, the specialization of the economy and the extent of participation in the territorial division of labor. Properly chosen strategy for the development of industrial production, the appropriate volume and structure of production, a reasonable volume of sales allows all participants in production to achieve their financial goals. This is due to the importance of studying the activities of industrial enterprises. The article constructs nonlinear models of multiple regression, which describe the main trends in industrial production, the effect of external and internal factors on the economic performance of industry in general and industrial enterprises in the western region of Ukraine. It is established that innovative transformations in industrial production have led to the renewal of fixed assets and have had a positive effect on the dynamics of economic results. At the same time, this process was accompanied by a reduction in the number of people employed in industry. It is revealed that the influential factors of the external environment include economic conditions of management, and among the factors of the internal environment – the management of innovation and innovation activity of economic entities. It is recommended to expand the set of tools at the expense of distribution-lag, autoregressive, simulative and other econometric models to describe the relationship between the economic performance of enterprises and factor characteristics.
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Czech, Artur, and Jerzy Lewczuk. "Taxonomic and Econometric Analysis of Road Transport Development in Poland – The Voivodship Approach." Ekonomia i Zarzadzanie 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/emj-2016-0026.
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Abstract Transport is considered one of the basic aspects of the movement of people, raw materials as well as goods from the place of origin to the destination. Moreover, in the wider sense, transport includes economic bodies that aim to achieve goals similar to those of businesses that produce a wide range of goods required by customers. Hence, the efficient operations of basic branches of the transportation system determine the entire national economy. Furthermore, transport is considered a basic factor of development, both on the macro- and microeconomic scales. The aim of the paper is to attempt the assessment of the road transport in Poland as an important element of macro logistics. Furthermore, one of the aims of the investigation was the explanation of its influence on the level of economic development in Poland. As the source of information, the research used the data drawn from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The main methods implemented in this study were both classic and order synthetic measure construction. Further, these measures were used in econometric models as well as for the prediction of their values. The main result of the analysis indicates that the development level of the widely considered infrastructure is strictly correlated with the socio-economic development of particular voivodships. The study on the level of road transport development can lead to a better understanding of the socio-economic development of particular areas of Poland as well as the more efficient use of the support funds.
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Dudek, Hanna. "SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS IN PURCHASING A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF FOOD. ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF POLISH MICRODATA." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.1.01.
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The paper analyses subjective aspects of food poverty in Poland. It deals with households’ assessment of financial difficulties in purchasing a sufficient amount of food in the period 2009–2015. The study is based on Social Diagnosis data. Its purpose is to identify the socio-economic factors affecting financial distress among Polish households. The study also aims to test whether the probability of experiencing financial difficulties is persistent over time. In econometric analysis binary choice models for panel data are applied. The findings state that apart from equivalent incomes and owned savings, loans or debts, factors having a significant impact on the final results are places of residence and biological types of households.
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Boiko, Vitalii, Olha Mulska, Ihor Baranyak, and Olha Levytska. "Ukrainian Migration Aspirations towards Germany: Analysis and Development Scenarios." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.04.
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Based on the multiple regression model and scenario approach to forecasting, the article estimates the Ukrainian migration aspirations towards Germany (the scale of migration, the economic activity of migrants, and their economic benefits). It is argued that major transformations in the gender-age structure of the German population may cause a demographic crisis and labour market imbalances. Our projections indicate the growing role of foreign human resources in the German economy. When modeling the scale of emigration from Ukraine, an integrated approach is applied, considering not only trends of pull-push factors but also special aspects of the German migration policy and the outflow of 8–10 million Ukrainian migrant workers. Given the poor statistical data on the scale of labour emigration needed for constructing reliable econometric models, the use of expert forecasting method remains the most optimal technique for assessing potential migration flows and migration systems.
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Sungatullina, L. B., and Yu I. Chupova. "The use of the scenario analysis to assess and prevent possible corporate bankruptcy." International Accounting 23, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ia.23.4.395.
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Subject. The article discusses methodological aspects of the scenario-based forecasts. Studying the future corporate standing through its economic assessment, we will be able to outline a set of actions the management may take to alleviate adverse effects, enhance the performance of an entity and prevent its bankruptcy. Objectives. We study how predictive scenarios are made through the economic assessment so as to leverage the financial and operating activity and prevent possible corporate insolvency. Methods. We employed general methods of research, such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and specific methods of economic studies, such as generalization and grouping, logic and systems approaches, econometric models. Results. Approaching the predictive management analysis of corporate operations in line with its technological distinctions, we can forecast the corporate development scenario, which will lay the basis for managerial decisions to reduce the bankruptcy risk. Conclusions and Relevance. Having examined previous proceedings and modern trends in management analysis, I concluded that the predictive corporate analysis should develop so that scenario-based forecasts could be feasible, including technological aspects of the entity. Management analysis data shall underlie reasonable decisions for avoiding adverse consequences for corporate economics. The findings can be used in corporate governance when analyzing and outlining corporate development paths.
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Chaikin, O. "Inclusive Growth Flagship Initiatives: EU vs Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(159) (November 24, 2020): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2020-159-2-106-114.
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Significant imbalances of existing development models are demonstrated by global economic growth, and outlines the need to move to a new more flexible and balanced model that is able to maintain the declared high and long-term growth rates together with the preservation of social equality and population general welfare. The purpose of the study is to identify EU comprehensive growth opportunities through of EU flagship initiatives achievement current EU situation in the field of poverty, unemployment, youth and women's unemployment and their involvement as labor force geographical aspects analysis; current state and prospects of EU inclusive development analysis; possibility of the sustainable development goals and inclusive growth based on the EU's flagship initiatives achievement substantiation. The object of the study is the process of inclusive economic growth within the EU through the EU flagship initiatives practical implementation. It is determined that along with traditional economic growth indicators it is necessary to take into account the human capital equality, ecological state of the environment, social protection, food security and social cohesion. Imperative knowledge on the interconnection of EU policy priorities and flagship initiatives, sustainable development goals and their compliance with inclusive economic development are systematized. The expediency of European inclusive economic growth model, declared in the “Europe 2020” strategy, design and implementation was grounded. Modern trends and geographical aspects of state of unemployment and poverty in the European region countries is determined. The level of women's participation in the European economy is analyzed. The level of women employment in comparison with men in the EU countries is analyzed, which made it possible to determine that this indicator is consistently lower, however, there is no significant disparity in most member states. It is substantiated that at the new cross-border economic order conditions, proposed by the EU, inclusive growth allows all member countries enjoy the progressive results of the union, economic integration and economic growth. Key words: inclusive growth, sustainable development, employment.
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Omelka, Jiří, Michaela Beranová, and Jakub Tabas. "Comparison of the models of financial distress prediction." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072587.
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Prediction of the financial distress is generally supposed as approximation if a business entity is closed on bankruptcy or at least on serious financial problems. Financial distress is defined as such a situation when a company is not able to satisfy its liabilities in any forms, or when its liabilities are higher than its assets. Classification of financial situation of business entities represents a multidisciplinary scientific issue that uses not only the economic theoretical bases but interacts to the statistical, respectively to econometric approaches as well.The first models of financial distress prediction have originated in the sixties of the 20th century. One of the most known is the Altman’s model followed by a range of others which are constructed on more or less conformable bases. In many existing models it is possible to find common elements which could be marked as elementary indicators of potential financial distress of a company.The objective of this article is, based on the comparison of existing models of prediction of financial distress, to define the set of basic indicators of company’s financial distress at conjoined identification of their critical aspects. The sample defined this way will be a background for future research focused on determination of one-dimensional model of financial distress prediction which would subsequently become a basis for construction of multi-dimensional prediction model.
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Shkodra, Nexhat, Xhevat Sopi, and Florentina Xhelili Krasniqi. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the Western Balkan Countries - A Panel Data Analysis." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 6 (October 31, 2021): 1185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160619.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a significant effect on the economic growth and development of host economies, but also on international economic integration through globalization. Particular aspects of this topic are being extensively addressed by scientific research in recent decades. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether globalization and through it the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has an impact on the economic growth (GDPgr) of the Western Balkan countries which are facing a transitional phase. The relation between FDI and economic growth has been analyzed by employing econometric models with panel data approach: linear regression with poled data, the Fixed Effects model, and the Random-Effects model (GLS). The study is based on panel data of six countries for the period between 2004-2018, obtained by the World Bank. The results of the Random Effects model (GLS) shown that lagged FDI has a significant impact on the economic growth (GDPgr) of the Western Balkans (p<0.05%), as well as gross capital formation (Cap) and government expenditure (Gov) whereas export (Ex) has been excluded from the model. The results also shown that there are significant differences in the factors influencing economic growth among countries in the region (LM Method - Breusch-Pagan test; p=0.02455 < 0.05).
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Plaskon, Svitlana, Halina Seniv, Ruslana Ruska, and Ivan Novosad. "MATHEMATICAL AND STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE’S WAGE INDICATORS." Economic Analysis, no. 31(2) (2021): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.02.055.
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Introduction. The article examines the trends in the levels of average wages, minimum wages and subsistence minimum, which are extremely important for the analysis of wealth and well-being of the population of Ukraine. The time trends of these indicators are constructed and the regularities of their change during 1996-2020 are established. The Keitz index is calculated and investigated. The dependences of the average wage, the minimum wage and the subsistence level on the gross domestic product are analyzed and established. The values of the values of the mutual correlation function are investigated. Purpose. The purpose of this article is a mathematical and statistical analysis of the dynamics of wages and living wage in Ukraine and the factors influencing them. The task is to study the impact of gross domestic product on the average wage, minimum wage, subsistence level and establish a causal relationship between them using mathematical, statistical and econometric models in order to further predict them and make recommendations on social indicators of living standards. Method. The article uses mathematical and statistical methods and regression-correlation analysis as the main methods of scientific research; time series theory; methods of mathematical modeling. Results. Analyzing the statistical data of indicators of average wages, minimum wages, subsistence level and gross domestic product in Ukraine for 1996-2020, their dynamics is studied. Trend models of wage levels and subsistence level have been built. The general tendency of their growth is noted. Emphasis is placed on the need to use mathematical modeling to study socio-economic indicators of living standards. The Keitz index, which reflects the fight against poverty, is calculated and analyzed. It is noted that during 1996-2009 the subsistence level exceeded the minimum wage. In 2010-2011, the values of the minimum wage slightly exceeded the subsistence level; and in subsequent years, small amounts were observed, until 2017 the minimum wage was not doubled. This positive trend has also been observed in recent years. Econometric models of dependence of average and minimum wage on gross domestic product are presented. The correlation-regression dependence of the subsistence minimum on the gross domestic product is constructed. It is shown that the growth of gross domestic product is accompanied by an increase in social indicators of living standards of the population of Ukraine. The values of the values of the mutual correlation function between the gross domestic product and the levels of wages and subsistence, respectively, are calculated and investigated.
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Wu, Maoguo, and Qingshu Li. "Impact of Cultural and Creative Industries on Regional Economic Development in China — A Spatial Econometric Approach." Research in World Economy 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v9n1p46.
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In the 1990s, the United States and some developed European countries began to focus on developing some emerging industries, such as the cultural and creative industries, which developed effectively with traditional industries and achieved great economic benefits. With the worldwide economic integration, as a developing country, China has gradually realized the importance of emerging industries in the 21st century. Cultural and creative industries have also attracted more attention and achieved rapid development in the past few years. However, cultural and creative industries in China are still in the early stage of development. Industrial investment and related facilities have not yet formed the scale. Besides, relevant industrial policies are constantly changing. Meanwhile, the speed of cultural and creative industries’ development and their impact on the economy vary greatly in different regions of China due to factors like the scale of industry-related talents and the level of scientific research, resulting in uncoordinated development of technical layout and unbalanced economic development. Therefore, it is imperative to study the relation between cultural and creative industries and regional economic development.This paper selects data of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2013 and forms spatial panel data set. Four types of spatial econometric models are utilized to assess the impact of cultural and creative industries on regional economic development in China. Empirical results show that there is a strong spatial autocorrelation among different regions’ economic development in China. The development of cultural and creative industries can effectively promote the development of the regional economy in many aspects. In particular, the economy in the Center and the East is affected more significantly by the development of cultural and creative industries. Cultivation and inflows of cultural and creative talents, expenditure of scientific research, support of government and construction of related facilities are important factors of improving regional economy. For the West, the development of cultural and creative industries has a certain hindrance to the regional economy and some more effective ways should be raised to improve the region’s economy. Finally, according to the empirical result, this paper puts forward corresponding policy implications for different cultural and creative industries and the economy in different regions.
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Bollino, Carlo Andrea, and Maria Chiara D’Errico. "Electricity Demand Elasticity, Mobility, and COVID-19 Contagion Nexus in the Italian Day-Ahead Electricity Market." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207501.
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The magnitude of the impact of the pandemic on key variables, such as electricity demand, mobility of people and number of COVID-19 hospitalization cases, has been unprecedented. Existing economic models have not estimated the impact of sucokh events. This paper fills this gap, investigating the nexus among electricity demand elasticity, shifting behaviors of mobility and COVID-19 contagion with econometric estimation techniques. Firstly, using the single bids to purchase recorded in the Italian day-ahead wholesale electricity market in 2020, we estimate hourly electricity demand and price elasticity directly from short-run consumer behavior. Then, we analyze the effects of the main aspects of the pandemic, the health situation and the mobility contraction at the national level, on the estimated price elasticities. The period of heavy lockdown between 10 March and 3 June recorded a reduction in the price elasticity of electricity demand. However, when the pandemic broke out again at the beginning of October, elasticity increased, highlighting how companies and economic activities had adopted countermeasures to avoid the arrest of the economy and, consequently, the sharp contraction in electricity demand.
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Yuan, Xiaoling, Caijuan Li, Kai Zhao, and Xiaoyu Xu. "The Changing Patterns of Consumers’ Behavior in China: A Comparison during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052447.
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This paper has an opportunity to collect questionnaire-based data regarding respondents’ life choices in China at the peak of COVID-19 outbreak (i.e., around 9–11 March 2020) and in a relatively stable period where the national pandemic was over and the lockdown policy was halted (i.e., around 25–30 March 2020). Comparing respondents’ answers about their most fundamental aspects of life during and after the pandemic, including income level, expenditure structure and level, purchase method, study method, food price and quality, and dining habit, both the descriptive and econometric models reveal that Chinese consumers’ life patterns were not significantly changed. These findings may imply a “new normal” where consumers stick to their new living habits that were forged during the pandemic. Therefore, policy makers have to envisage such an implicative socio-economic change (cost) brought by the implementation of a lock down policy in a long run, in addition to direct and explicit economic losses. However, improving food quality and controlling food price appear to be the strong and stable safety signals to reassure consumers in this complicated environment.
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Ergas, Christina, Patrick Trent Greiner, Julius Alexander McGee, and Matthew Thomas Clement. "Does Gender Climate Influence Climate Change? The Multidimensionality of Gender Equality and Its Countervailing Effects on the Carbon Intensity of Well-Being." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073956.
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The carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) (a ratio measuring the amount of CO2 emitted per unit of life expectancy at birth) is an increasingly popular way to measure the ecological efficiency of nations. Although research demonstrates that economic development typically reduces this efficiency, little research has explored the extent to which social equality improves it. This study uses panel data for 70 nations between 1995 and 2013 to assess how various aspects of gender equality affect the ecological efficiency of nations. We estimate a series of Prais-Winsten regression models with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) to assess how increases in the percentage of women in parliament, expected years of education for women, and the percentage of women in the labor force independently affect CIWB. Our findings indicate that across all nations, increases in the percentage of women in parliament and expected years of schooling reduce CIWB; however, increases in the percentage of women in the labor force increase CIWB. Our results further show that the relationship between different dimensions of gender equality and CIWB differs between more developed and less developed nations. Finally, we find that increases in the number of women in parliament and women’s education attenuate the relationship between women’s labor force participation and CIWB. We discuss the variation in our results by reviewing relevant eco-gender literatures and feminist economics.
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Saputra, Andhik Beni, Azhari Setiawan, and Citra Puspita Febriani. "Gender-Equality Concerns and Political Attitudes toward Women in the 2019 Legislative Election: Evidence from Pelalawan." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 24, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.53324.
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The presence of women in Indonesian politics remains underrepresented whereas cultural and societal aspects pose critical influence in determining voter behavior toward female candidates. The aim of this article is to examine voter behavior regarding female candidates and the probability for them to be elected as members of parliament. We apply quantitative method by developing three models representing three combinations of predictor variables, (i) socio-demography, (ii) gender- equality concern, and (iii) political attitude towards female candidates as determinants towards female candidate electability. The study took place in Pelalawan Regency in Riau Province, by analyzing 400 respondents with equal numbers of men and women from various socio-economic backgrounds through clustered random sampling method. We tested these hypotheses and our three models by utilizing logistic regression analysis. The result shows that political attitude toward female candidates (Model 3) are the strongest coefficient and most significant determinant for female candidate electability. The study also revealed that female candidate’s electability in Pelalawan Regency is lower than male candidate’s electability among male respondents. On the other hand, female candidate’s electability is higher than male candidate’s electability among female respondents. Moreover, we also found that education determines female candidate’s electability where the more educated an individual is, the more he/she tends to vote for female candidates.
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DI VITA, Giuseppe. "THE INTERNATIONAL STRENGTHENING OF IPR AND AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT: THE ROLE OF THE TRIPS AGREEMENT." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 23, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 316–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2015.1072752.
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This paper comes in the wake of the literature considering technological progress as the main device to offset air pollution caused by economic activity. The issue has been extensively studied in general, but there is no previous research on the effects that an international strengthening of legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) due to the Uruguay Round Agreement and the Annex on Trade-Related aspects of the IPR (TRIPs, for short), underwritten in 1994, may have had on worldwide emissions, as a result of the discovery of new or more efficient air pollution abatement technologies. Different econometric models are used to give a quantitative measure of the TRIPs agreement to reduce air pollution. In particular, the impact of the TRIPs is addressed using a dummy variable and the index of Ginarte and Park (Ginarte, Park 1997) that is one of the more commonly used indicators of TRIPs enforcement employed in economic literature. The findings of this research partially support the idea that the strengthening of a uniform minimum standard protection level of IPR, among the member countries of the World Trade Organization, may help to reduce air pollution emissions.
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Shiu, Y. "Determinants of United Kingdom General Insurance Company Performance." British Actuarial Journal 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2004): 1079–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700002968.
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ABSTRACTDynamic financial analysis has become one of the important tools that actuaries use to model the underwriting and investment operations of insurance companies. The first step in carrying out the analysis is to investigate the most important factors affecting company performance. This paper identifies the determinants of the performance of United Kingdom general insurance companies using a panel data set consisting of economic data and Financial Services Authority/Department of Trade and Industry returns over the period 1986 to 1999. Three performance measures are used to capture different aspects of insurance operations. These measures are related to a number of economic and firm specific variables, chosen on the basis of relevant theory and literature. An ordinary least squares regression model and two panel data models are estimated for each of three performance measures. This paper also addresses several important econometric problems that are usually ignored in applied work in the context of panel data analysis. Based on the empirical results, this study finds that liquidity, unexpected inflation, interest rate level and underwriting profits are statistically significant determinants of the performance of U.K. general insurers.
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Petrushenko, Mykola, Hanna Shevchenko, Borys Burkynskyi, and Nina Khumarova. "A game-theoretical model for investment in inclusive recreation and wellness in Ukraine: the regional context." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(4).2019.32.
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Investing in recreation and wellness in transitional economies requires updating an inclusive approach and adjusting national regional policies. The article aims to provide the game and theoretical decision-making modeling regarding the direction of capital investment in the development of inclusive wellness and recreation in the regions of Ukraine. Considering this, a comparative analysis of relevant indicators, above all, the self-assessment level of population health, has been conducted. The “game against nature” method allows formalizing the social and market contradictions of regional development of wellness and recreation. Using Ukraine as an example, the analysis of the payoff matrix by decision-making criteria such as the Bayes-Laplace’s criterion, the Savage’s criterion, the Wald’s criterion and the Hurwitz’s criteria, establishes the priority areas for investment: the maximum investment amount is for the middle-income regions and the minimum – for the high-income regions. However, there is a significant disparity in investment in health and recreation across regions. The situation requires a transformation of the target function: from providing social subsidies to maximizing person’s well-being in the physical, mental, social and financial aspects. In the absence of inclusive economic institutions, it is proposed to equalize the weight of the “investment in health” and “investment in recreation” factors and redistribute the total volume of capital investment in regions with relatively low solvency and population health indicators.
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Georgiadis, Thomas, and George Christopoulos. "Gender inequalities in labour market outcomes." International Journal of Manpower 38, no. 5 (August 7, 2017): 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2015-0198.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the investigation of gender inequalities in the labour market at the regional level in Greece throughout the years preceding and following the economic crisis. Design/methodology/approach Utilising microdata from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) database from 2005 up to the most recent available, the authors construct the Total Earnings Gap Index, a composite index at the individual level which incorporates gender differentials in aspects related to employment, work intensity and earnings. This approach is further complemented by the results of the econometric analysis (a probit model for the probability of being in employment and a Heckman selection model for the determinants of hourly pay and hours worked), which portray the impact of gender on a set of labour-related characteristics. Findings The findings of the analysis indicate a widespread reduction of the gender gap; however, this appears to be mainly the result of a sharper fall in employment among men, hence pointing towards a “race to the bottom” process which presents few – if any – signs of an increase of women’s economic independence. The emerging picture points towards a trend of regional convergence in gender gaps, while also highlighting that similar gender equality outcomes are, in certain cases, shaped by radically different dynamics. Originality/value This paper uses an innovative composite index which provides a multi-dimensional depiction of gender inequality in the Greek labour market. This index has been introduced by Eurostat and has been applied at the country level, with this paper being the first – to the authors’ knowledge – to apply it at the regional level. Additionally, by examining years before and throughout the crisis, the present analysis adopts a dynamic perspective, offering valuable insight into the seismic shifts that Greece’s labour market structure has undergone during this period.
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Yamaka, Woraphon, Siritaya Lomwanawong, Darin Magel, and Paravee Maneejuk. "Analysis of the Lockdown Effects on the Economy, Environment, and COVID-19 Spread: Lesson Learnt from a Global Pandemic in 2020." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 12868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912868.
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Lockdown policies have been implemented to reduce COVID-19 transmission worldwide. However, the shutdown of activities has resulted in large economic losses, and it has been widely reported that lockdown measures have resulted in improved air quality. Therefore, many previous studies have attempted to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19-induced lockdowns on the economy, environment, and COVID-19 spread. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity among countries worldwide in the economic, environmental, and public health aspects and the spatial effects of decomposition have not been well investigated in the existing related literature. In this study, based on the cross-sectional data of 158 countries in 2020 and the proposed nonlinear simultaneous spatial econometric models, we investigate the nonlinear and spatial impacts of the COVID-19-induced lockdowns on the economy, environment, and COVID-19 spread. The findings show that lockdowns have had statistically significant negative economic impacts and beneficial environmental consequences but no effect on COVID-19 spread. Noteworthily, this study also found the length of lockdown periods to affect the three domains of interest differently, with a piece of empirical evidence that the imposition of lockdowns for more than 31 days a year could result in economic impairments but contribute to environmental improvements. Lockdowns were shown to have substantially reduced PM2.5 not only in the countries that imposed the measures but also indirectly in the neighboring countries as a spatial spillover effect.
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Throsby, David, Anita Zednik, and Jorge E. Araña. "Public preferences for heritage conservation strategies: a choice modelling approach." Journal of Cultural Economics 45, no. 3 (February 10, 2021): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10824-021-09406-7.
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AbstractStudies aiming at valuing cultural and natural heritage projects are often focussed on one or only a few sites, whereas planning decisions concerning the allocation of public funds to heritage conservation deal with classes of heritage rather than single sites. In addition, such planning decisions are almost always concerned with non-monetary values that need to be incorporated into assessment procedures if the total value of alternative strategies is to be estimated. In this paper, we put forward and estimate models to address both of these issues within a choice-modelling framework. The method is developed in the context of conservation of a particular class of cultural heritage, namely major historic buildings in a city or country. We report results from a discrete choice experiment to assess public preferences in which the choices are alternative conservation programs and the attributes are dimensions of the programs’ cultural and economic value. The model is estimated from survey data using several flexible econometric specifications. We show that the methods developed can be used to obtain robust estimates of the economic value of this category of buildings. We also find a significant contribution of all aspects of cultural value to the formation of conservation preferences and the public’s willingness to pay.
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Mazzoleni, Alberto, and Enrica Pollonini. "Factors driving indebtedness among small- and medium-sized dairy companies." British Food Journal 123, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2020-0341.
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PurposeWe developed a model to demonstrate how multiple interrelated aspects of a firm influence its recourse to third-party financing, which frequently depends on the characteristics of each food production chain.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted an empirical research on a relevant sample of small- and medium-sized Italian dairy firms. Our research methodology is inspired by the grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967).FindingsOur findings illustrated that firm indebtedness is the result of intertwined variables, linked to different firm dimensions, including growth, financial structure and economic dynamics.Research limitations/implicationsA portion of the analysed phenomenon is not explained using the sample and econometric tools.Practical implicationsThere are practical implications for the decision-makers in a firm (in particular, the managers and the shareholders) as the model allows to evaluate the influence of a set of mutually interdependent firm variables for the indebtedness level.Originality/valueFirst, we considered the recourse to third-party financing within the context of the systems theory (Millová and Blatný, 2015) and from the perspective of linked causes and mutually connected variables. Second, our research focussed on a well-defined food chain and on features of firms operating in this context. Last, our model considered the impact of the recent economic crisis, which motivated us to review the existing models.
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Holmen, Rasmus Bøgh, Benjamin Biesinger, and Ivo Handriks. "Impacts from transportation measures in national appraisal guidelines: coverage and practices." Archives of Transport 63, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 67–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9928.
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Transportation appraisal has a potential important role in prioritization of transportation investment projects and other transportation measures. Appraisal practices vary much over countries and time, but these differences are not fully known. More knowledge on the variation in practices may contribute to smoother knowledge exchange between countries and more informed choices in the further development of each national practice. In this paper, we present both an updated mapping and a meta-analysis of impact coverage in national appraisal guidelines for transportation measures and spatial measures more generally. Our updated mapping of impact coverage covers 18 national and regional guideline sets and 44 sorts of impact. It shows rather similar overall impact coverage in the reviewed guide-lines for economic, social and environmental impacts. The most advanced appraisal practices are found in Northern and Western Europe and Oceania. We find that supplementary quantitative analyses are most common for economic impacts, while multi-criteria analyses are most common for environmental impacts. Our meta-analysis covers ours and 15 earlier impact mappings, jointly covering 42 countries and regions. In this examination, we show how impact cover-age in appraisal practices has improved over time, particularly for environmental, user and wider economic impacts. The meta-analysis also reveals that Western and Northern European and Oceanian countries and dependencies have had the widest impact coverage from 1998 to 2020, both in CB and overall. To examine what characterize countries with broad and narrow impact coverage, we have applied econometric regression models that are linear (i.e. linear least squares), quasi-linear (i.e. Tobit) and fractional response-based (i.e. fractional probit and fractional logit). In these regression analyses, we control for study-specific characteristics and clustering the standard errors on countries. Our results show that the CB impact coverage tends to increase with economic wealth, equality and population size in developed countries, while we find no such patterns for overall impact coverage.
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Sinoi, Elena-Alexandra. "The impact of educated migrants and R&D expenditures on innovation." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2021-0002.
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Abstract Migration has become a topic of great interest of the 21st century, as it triggers multiple advantages and downsides, both for the people and communities implicated, depending on the policies in place. International migration should not be perceived as an issue that needs to be solved, but rather a global phenomenon that can reduce poverty and foster inclusive growth and sustainable development, both in origin and destination countries. The most highly-skilled immigrants represent a key factor in enhancing innovation and technological change processes, which are essential aspects of social and economic development. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of highly educated immigrants (with tertiary-educated immigrant employees and foreign PhD students) together with R&D investments on innovative activity (proxied by the number of patents applications), in the case of the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004. The evaluated time frame is from 2011 to 2017. For the econometric analysis of the panel data, we developed fixed-effects linear regression models, at the country-level. The indicators computed are relevant to the innovative activity. The econometric estimations highlight a positive correlation between educated migrants and the number of patent applications in all ten countries. This nexus is even strengthened when we take into consideration other relevant impact factors, such as investments in R&D and human capital. Therefore, the more efforts and investments are devoted to R&D and highly educated individuals, the more predictable the innovation is.
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Матризаев, Бахадыр Джуманиязович. "RESEARCH OF THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS ON THE INTENSIFICATION OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Экономика и управление, no. 1(53) (March 30, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/2219-1453/2021.1.007-020.
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Целью статьи является исследование теоретико-методологических аспектов влияния макроэкономических и институциональных факторов на интенсификацию инновационного развития страны. Рассматривается влияние процессов коэволюции технологической диверсификации и внешнеэкономической конъюнктуры на интенсивность макроинновационного развития страны. Автором предлагается методология двухмодульного анализа, основанная на международной патентной статистике и макроэкономических индикаторах за период 1976-2018 гг. Исследуются модели коэволюции и характеристики внешнеэкономической диверсификации. В попытке объяснить наблюдаемые автором закономерности используется ряд эконометрических методов. Эмпирические результаты показывают, что существует ассиметричная причинно-следственная связь между технологической диверсификацией и инновациями. Этот результат является устойчивым в разные периоды времени и в разных группах стран. Кроме того, установлено, что внешнеэкономическая диверсификация, т. е. уровень глобализации национальной экономики страны, положительно влияет на интенсивность инноваций в стране, в то время как технологическая диверсификация оказывает негативное влияние. The aim of this article is to research the theoretical and methodological aspects of the impact of macroeconomic and institutional factors on the intensification of innovative development of the country. In particular, the article examines the impact of the processes of co-evolution of technological diversification and foreign economic conditions on the intensity of country's macro-innovative development. We propose a methodology for two-module analysis based on international patent statistics and macroeconomic indicators for the period 1976-2018. First, we study the models of coevolution and the characteristics of foreign economic diversification. In an attempt to explain the patterns we use a number of econometric methods. Our empirical results show that there is an asymmetric causal relationship between technological diversification and innovation. This result is consistent across time periods and across country groups. In addition, it is established that foreign economic diversification, i.e. The level of globalization of a country's national economy has a positive impact on the intensity of innovation in the country, while technological diversification has a negative impact.
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Skufina, Tatiana P., Sergey V. Baranov, and Vera P. Samarina. "Analysis of Forecasting Documents for the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Arctic." Arctic and North, no. 48 (September 27, 2022): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/issn2221-2698.2022.48.57.
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The tasks of forecasting the development of Russian territories, in particular the territory of the Arctic, are the most problematic due to the urgent need of the economy and management for a reliable forecast, the uncertainty of the near future caused by the turbulence of geopolitics, and the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on socio-economic processes, which are also not fully measurable. The purpose of the article is to present the initial grounds and forecast of the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Arctic with a lead time up to 2023. The methodological peculiarity of the research is to take into account geopolitical, national, regional, industrial factors and development trends on the basis of using: 1) the analysis results of real and perspective global trends recorded in statistical indicators, forecast documents of the IMF, WTO, Central Bank, Ministry of Economic Development of Russia; 2) generalizations, comparisons of official forecasts and development plans of the AZRF adopted at the federal, regional levels, as well as forecasts, plans of corporations operating in the AZRF; 3) analysis of real statistical data using the author's econometric models. Given the considerable amount of analytical information received, the aspects and factors that have a key influence on the prospects of socio-economic development of the Arctic are outlined and classified according to the following levels: global, national, regional. Forecasts are made for the regions entirely located in the Arctic zone — Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous okrugs, the Murmansk Oblast with an anticipation period up to 20212023. The importance of scientific forecasting in modern conditions is emphasized, encouraging reflection, new hypotheses, discussions.
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Doroshenko, S. V., and M. N. Makarova. "Assessing the Adaptation of the Population of Russian Regions to Digital Technologies." Economy of regions 18, no. 1 (2022): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-21.
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Currently, digitalisation of public life is one of the most important external challenges that requires active adaptation of the population to new realities. Russia has been quite successfully implementing digital technologies, ranking in the middle of various world ratings. However, Russian regions significantly differ in terms of the population adaptation to digital technologies. We hypothesise that adaptation speed depends on demographic characteristics of the regional population. In this regard, the paper aims to develop a methodology and tools for assessing the adaptation of the population of Russian regions to digital technologies. The study employs data of a sample observation on the state of the information society in 2014–2020 obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service. Methods of statistical, cartographic, factor and regression analysis, as well as the econometric estimates conducted in the R software environment were used. Constructed econometric models show that gender and place of residence (urban or rural settlement) are the most important adaptation factors in Russian regions. In particular, urban women more actively use the Internet for shopping, while urban women and rural men use it to receive public services. Active acquisition of digital competencies by the population reduces the importance of some barrier factors (restrictions), such as the cost of connection (Internet connection becomes a basic need) and the lack of skills. While the identified effects differ in magnitude, they are significant for almost all Russian regions. The developed research methodology can be applied in future studies to analyse other aspects of social and economic adaptation of the regional population to current challenges. The findings can be used for justifying and implementing the public policy measures, in particular, the national project “Digital Economy”.
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Hlushak, Oksana M., Svetlana O. Semenyaka, Volodymyr V. Proshkin, Stanislav V. Sapozhnykov, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. "The usage of digital technologies in the university training of future bachelors (having been based on the data of mathematical subjects)." CTE Workshop Proceedings 7 (March 20, 2020): 210–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/cte.354.
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This article demonstrates that mathematics in the system of higher education has outgrown the status of the general education subject and should become an integral part of the professional training of future bachelors, including economists, on the basis of intersubject connection with special subjects. Such aspects as the importance of improving the scientific and methodological support of mathematical training of students by means of digital technologies are revealed. It is specified that in order to implement the task of qualified training of students learning econometrics and economic and mathematical modeling, it is necessary to use digital technologies in two directions: for the organization of electronic educational space and in the process of solving applied problems at the junction of the branches of economics and mathematics. The advantages of using e-learning courses in the educational process are presented (such as providing individualization of the educational process in accordance with the needs, characteristics and capabilities of students; improving the quality and efficiency of the educational process; ensuring systematic monitoring of the educational quality). The unified structures of “Econometrics”, “Economic and mathematical modeling” based on the Moodle platform are the following ones. The article presents the results of the pedagogical experiment on the attitude of students to the use of e-learning course (ELC) in the educational process of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University and Alfred Nobel University (Dnipro city). We found that the following metrics need improvement: availability of time-appropriate mathematical materials; individual approach in training; students’ self-expression and the development of their creativity in the e-learning process. The following opportunities are brought to light the possibilities of digital technologies for the construction and research of econometric models (based on the problem of dependence of the level of the Ukrainian population employment). Various stages of building and testing of the econometric model are characterized: identification of variables, specification of the model, parameterization and verification of the statistical significance of the obtained results.
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Arabadzhyan, Alexandra. "Evolution of political and ideological foundations of Cuban socialism and its reflection in the Constitutions of the country." Latinskaia Amerika, no. 11 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x0017111-1.
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The paper investigates contemporary political and ideological shifts of Cuban socialism paying specific attention to the period of actualization of Cuban socio-economic model of development implemented since the VI Congress of the Communist party of Cuba. The analysis is based on the different variants of Cuban Constitutions and proposes three historical models of Cuban socialism (Marxist-Leninist, the model of transition and the actualization period model). Comparing the texts of the Constitutions, the study sheds light on several key aspects: the role and functions of the State and the Party, ideological problems of socialism, communism and Marxism, the evolution of the exploitation and oppression concepts, issues of equity and equality, and appeal to the figure of J. Marti. Using historical method, comparative analysis and Marxist theory, as the latter has been the base for the first model of Cuban socialism under investigation, the paper reveals the role of Marxism within the three models. The study uncovers the contradiction between postulating a significant role of Marxism within the actualization model and revision of several core Marxist principles as well as the turn towards national issues in the contemporary Cuban socialism.
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Dibrova, Anatolii, Larysa Dibrova, Maksym Dibrova, and Alla Chmil. "Forecasting the Consequences of the Cost of Mineral Fertilisers on the Development of the Corn Market in Ukraine Using AGMEMOD Models." Ekonomika APK 29, no. 3 (May 19, 2022): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202203023.
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In the past decade, from 2012 to 2021, Ukraine has doubled its maize production. The increase in gross corn yields is associated with the use of modern cultivation technologies by farmers, which increase the resistance of plants to adverse environmental factors and adjust the mineral nutrition of plants with regard to weather conditions. One of the most important components of such technologies is the use of mineral fertilisers, the optimal amount of application of which depends not only on the level of grain yield, but also on the efficiency of production and grain quality. However, the rapid increase in world natural gas prices during 2021 has created new challenges and threats for the further development of the grain market in Ukraine. After all, world prices for mineral fertilisers have increased by 110% since 2021, according to the World Bank. Under these conditions, a radical increase in the cost of mineral fertilisers threatens to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian corn in the domestic and foreign markets, which would eventually lead to higher food prices and deterioration in the level of food security in the country. This may negatively affect the gross yields and export potential of the grain industry. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of supply and demand in the corn market in Ukraine and predict the consequences of the impact of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of its development according to probable scenarios, using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025, which creates prerequisites for improving the efficiency of making and implementing management decisions and contributes to achieving the goals of national agrarian policy. The following methods were applied: monographic, abstract and logical, comparative analysis and expert assessments, tabular, statistical and economic, factor analysis, economic and mathematical modelling. The result of the study is an assessment of the current state and identification of the main factors influencing supply and demand in the corn market. Using multiple linear regression, the influence of the main factors on the yield of corn for grain in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine for 2001-2020 is determined. The dynamics of the balance of supply and demand in the corn grain market in Ukraine is analysed. The consequences of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of the corn market development in Ukraine are predicted according to probable scenarios using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025. Based on the calculations made, it is proved that the high yield of corn and the favourable current price environment for grain will ensure a sufficient level of profitability of this grain crop. Methods for improving the mechanism of reducing the cost or compensation of expenses for the purchase of mineral fertilisers for commodity producers are proposed. Methodological and practical aspects of forecasting the consequences of changes in the cost of mineral fertilisers on the main parameters of corn market development in Ukraine using the AGMEMOD econometric partial equilibrium model for the period up to 2025 have been further developed. The proposed methodological approaches and findings can be used by state and industry management bodies in the development of priority areas for improving the effectiveness of the grain industry in Ukraine.
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MOURAD, Mahmoud, and Rim FARHAT. "Women's Civil and Political Rights in Lebanon and France and Their Impact on Economic Growth." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i1.16489.
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This study carried out a quantitative analysis of several variables in both Lebanon and France. Specific aspects related to education, unemployment, vulnerable employment, gender gap, and participation in parliamentary life were studied. We started from the rationale that human rights necessitate that human beings so it is imperative that each individual enjoy civil and political rights, which means in addition to the right to life and the right equality, there should be the right to the legal recognition and participation in public life whether through employment or elections. These rights have been recognized by the international human rights laws, mainly in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by United Nations and by the existing local laws both in Lebanon and France.The tests of homogeneity for the panel data models from Lebanon and France have been implemented carefully considering the linear relationship between the real GDP as a dependent variable and three of the independent variables consisting of the rate of women teachers in the secondary education , the rate of female to male ratio in labor force participation , the rate of women’s vulnerability to risks in the female labor force . The study demonstrated the importance of the Random Effects Model (REM) using the the log-transformed data. The study revealed a positive impact of both and on the real GDP while the variable has a negative impact both in Lebanon and France during the period (2008-2017).
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Pluskota, Anna. "The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth and Innovation in an Economy in Developed European Countries." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.2.77-87.
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<p>Theoretical background: The article explores the relationship between corruption and innovation in an economy and between corruption and economic growth. The multi-faceted and complex nature of corruption means that the impact of corruption on innovation and economic growth is unidirectional. There are arguments in the literature for both positive and negative effects of corruption on macroeconomic fiures. Most empirical research confirms the linear negative impact of corruption on economic growth. These results are the opposite of theoretical arguments that there may be both positive and negative consequences of corruption. Purpose of the article: The research aim is to analyse the theoretical aspects of the impact of corruption on selected macroeconomic variables. This goal was achieved by analysing the most signifiant arguments describing the relationships between chosen variables. Based on the literature analysis, research hypotheses were developed, and they were verifid in an empirical study. The results were analysed in the discussion section. Research methods: The study is based on a set of data on economically developed countries in Europe from 1996 to 2017. The empirical study was conducted using basic statistical measures – descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient, whereas econometric models were based on the GMM system (Generalized Method of Moments). Main findings: The results of this research show that the relationships between corruption and the measure of innovation, and corruption and economic growth are not linear. They take the form of a parabola. This means that the influence of corruption on innovation and economic growth is not the same for all levels of the corruption indicator. The relationship between corruption and economic growth is specific enough to show that a low level of corruption is economically justified from the point of view of empirical research. This is possible because corruption solves other economic problems, such as bureaucracy, which limits development. Corruption will support economic growth if the state does not work properly.</p>
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Markantonis, Vasileios, Fabio Farinosi, Celine Dondeynaz, Iban Ameztoy, Marco Pastori, Luca Marletta, Abdou Ali, and Cesar Carmona Moreno. "Assessing floods and droughts in the Mékrou River basin (West Africa): a combined household survey and climatic trends analysis approach." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 4 (May 2, 2018): 1279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1279-2018.
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Abstract. The assessment of natural hazards such as floods and droughts is a complex issue that demands integrated approaches and high-quality data. Especially in African developing countries, where information is limited, the assessment of floods and droughts, though an overarching issue that influences economic and social development, is even more challenging. This paper presents an integrated approach to assessing crucial aspects of floods and droughts in the transboundary Mékrou River basin (a portion of the Niger River basin in West Africa), combining climatic trends analysis and the findings of a household survey. The multivariable trend analysis estimates, at the biophysical level, the climate variability and the occurrence of floods and droughts. These results are coupled with an analysis of household survey data that reveals the behaviour and opinions of local residents regarding the observed climate variability and occurrence of flood and drought events, household mitigation measures, and the impacts of floods and droughts. Based on survey data analysis, the paper provides a per-household cost estimation of floods and droughts that occurred over a 2-year period (2014–2015). Furthermore, two econometric models are set up to identify the factors that influence the costs of floods and droughts to impacted households.
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Tan, Juhua. "Macroeconomic Multivariate Statistics and Regionalization Management Strategy Based on Random Matrix." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8260798.
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This paper adopts the method of the random matrix to conduct an in-depth study and analysis of the management of macroeconomic multivariate statistics and regionalization, and to design its management strategy based on a random matrix. A combination of theoretical and applied research, combined with the experience of other cities, is used to study regional economic management using literature analysis, comparative analysis, and deductive induction by summarizing the results achieved in community management, studying its experience, exploring the significance of community management in ETDZs for social development, analyzing the current obstacles and contradictions affecting community management in Suqian ETDZ, and proposing relevant countermeasures for the problems arising therein to enrich the relevant theories and thus promote the level of community management in ETDZs to a higher level. Macroeconomic uncertainty refers to the changes that cannot be accurately observed, analyzed, and foreseen, i.e., the deviation of the expected value of the economy from the actual value. Not all macroeconomic fluctuations belong to the category of macroeconomic uncertainty, only unpredictable economic fluctuations are uncertain. It can be seen from the above that there is a corresponding relationship between the financial income correlation matrix and the random correlation matrix, and both are affected by the same random factors. The importance of uncertainty for macroeconomic policy making is undeniable, and its quantification is a key step. In this paper, we propose an econometric model to eliminate expectations and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different measurement models; we measure a system of fourteen macroeconomic indicators to reflect macroeconomic uncertainty and provide quantitative measurement results for the correct understanding of macroeconomic uncertainty and economic policy making. Factor analysis is used to analyze these six comprehensive aspects to obtain the six-dimensional comprehensive scores of each province and city, and the scores are normalized and visualized. Based on a certain understanding of the economic equilibrium structure of each province and city in China, and a certain control of the overall development of each region itself at this stage, the future economic development trend is studied.
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Drachal, Krzysztof, and Daniel González Cortés. "Estimation of Lockdowns’ Impact on Well-Being in Selected Countries: An Application of Novel Bayesian Methods and Google Search Queries Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010421.
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Lockdowns introduced in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic have had a significant impact on societies from an economic, psychological, and health perspective. This paper presents estimations of their impact on well-being, understood both from the perspective of mental health and considering economic security and similar factors. This is not an easy task because well-being is influenced by numerous factors and the changes happen dynamically. Moreover, there are some obstacles when using the control group. However, other studies show that in certain cases it is possible to approximate selected phenomena with Google search queries data. Secondly, the econometric issues related to the suitable modeling of such a problem can be solved, for example, by using Bayesian methods. In particular, herein the recently gaining in popularity Bayesian structural time series and Bayesian dynamic mixture models are used. Indeed, these methods have not been used in social sciences extensively. However, in the fields where they have been used, they have been very efficient. Especially, they are useful when short time series are analyzed and when there are many variables that potentially have a significant explanatory impact on the response variable. Finally, 15 culturally different and geographically widely scattered countries are analyzed (i.e., Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). Little evidence of any substantial changes in the Internet search intensity on terms connected with negative aspects of well-being and mental health issues is found. For example, in Mexico, some evidence of a decrease in well-being after lockdown was found. However, in Italy, there was weak evidence of an increase in well-being. Nevertheless, the Bayesian structural time series method has been found to fit the data most accurately. Indeed, it was found to be a superior method for causal analysis over the commonly used difference-in-differences method or Bayesian dynamic mixture models.
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Anghelache, Constantin, Mădălina-Gabriela Anghel, Ștefan Virgil Iacob, Marius-Cristian Răduț, and Iulian Radu. "The current crises are negatively affecting the business and macroeconomic stability." MATEC Web of Conferences 373 (2022): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237300072.
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The authors of this article aim to highlight how current crises (health, economic and financial, energy, food, etc.) have an effect on domestic and, especially, international affairs. At the same time, the aim is to identify and specify how the crises we are facing are jeopardizing macroeconomic stability. A number of study authors on the trend of the world economy have already stated that the world economy is practically in recession. This conclusion was reached based on the fact that, in addition to the crises affecting the world situation, the effect of the pandemic Corona virus, and the Russian-Ukrainian war (Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict) which is xpected to be long-lasting. The prospect of a Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict leads to the conclusion that, at the European Union and individual level, each and every state will face difficulties with negative effects on maintaining macro-stability and the development of domestic and international affairs at a convenient pace. In order to determine these aspects, we set out to use the widest possible methodology of international comparisons, the use of statistical indicators calculated and obtained from the European Union, Eurostat, the National Institute of Statistics and the application of statistical-econometric methods / models to obtain the parameters that will form the basis of the future comparison and, especially, of establishing the evolutionary trend of the world, European economy and, especially in this case, of Romania.
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Gutman, Svetlana S., Elena V. Rytova, Cristina Sousa, and Viktoria V. Kadzaeva. "New framework of assessing the impacts of companies on regional sustainable development: the Sakha case." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 25, no. 4/2022 (December 20, 2022): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.4.2022.78.002.
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This paper is based on the proposed hypothesis: the activities of a company (especially a large, backbone company) in the social, environmental and economic spheres have a corresponding impact on certain aspects of the sustainable development of the region. The goal of the study is to prove this relationship at a conceptual level using indicators of sustainable development applied at different levels of socio-economic systems. The paper addresses a relevant gap in the literature: the absence of frameworks allowing the assessment of the interactions and intendancies between levels. To do this, the literature on this issue was studied and it was proved that there were no studies with a similar framework. The study draws on the systems of sustainable development indicators, suggested in literature and used for the assessment of sustainable development at the regional and company’s level and proposes a framework to integrate them. For that it uses the classical balance scorecard (BSC) tools — the strategic maps both for a region and a company. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Russian Federation and public joint stock company “ALROSA” were chosen as the basic object of research at the regional and corporate level, respectively. The built strategic maps reflect the decomposition of the main strategic goal and contain an interdependent set of sustainable development indicators for each level, which can be used to assess and monitor the results of the relevant strategies. Then, a new conceptual framework reflecting the impact of the l company’s activities on the sustainable development of the region is proposed. The framework includes the performance indicators of the company and the region by three dimensions of sustainable development — environmental, social, and economic. On the basis of the conceptual scheme of the relationship, it is possible in the future to build econometric models based on the proposed indicators. The identified quantitative assessments in this case will make it possible to make strategic management decisions that will maximize the positive effect of the implementation of the sustainable development strategy in the region using the potential of companies.
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Ubani Bazán, Cristina. "Igualdad de género en las ONG para el desarrollo de Gipuzkoa: mito o realidad." Tendencias Sociales. Revista de Sociología, no. 5 (June 19, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ts.5.2020.27751.
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Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales para el Desarrollo (ONGD) plantean a nuestra sociedad debates éticos, sociales, políticos y económicos que actúan a modo de espejo en el que se reflejan nuestras contradicciones y problemas. A su vez son organizaciones compuestas por mujeres y hombres que viven en sociedades concretas, con modelos culturales construidos y transmitidos de manera eficaz, muchas veces invisibles, que nos marcan profundamente estereotipos y sesgos, entre ellos los de género, que, si no sabemos ver y enfrentar, es muy difícil que consigamos revertir. Planteamos el estudio de ONGD guipuzcoanas en tres bloques de análisis: en sus planteamientos ideológicos, en su estructura y en su cultura organizativa para tratar de descubrir una posible brecha entre el discurso teórico sobre la igualdad y la realidad practicada. El objetivo es determinar si existe una diferencia entre el discurso aprendido y la igualdad real en sus propias organizaciones y acciones. Analizamos, dentro de una aproximación teórica, el papel de las mujeres en la cooperación al desarrollo, de los marcos normativos y teórico en los que viven y desarrollan su trabajo estas ONGD guipuzcoanas, los principales mitos y sesgos que se manifiestan en estas organizaciones y que pudieran ser responsables de un discurso aprendido en temas relacionados con la igualdad.Non-Governmental Development Organisations (NGDO) raise ethical, social, political and economic issues for debate which serve to highlight our society’s problems and contradictions. At the same time they are organisations comprised of men and women who live in real societies whose well-established cultural models, transmitted efficiently and often invisibly, strongly influence stereotypes and perception, among which is that of gender, which are difficult to change unless we learn to recognise and confront them. The study of NGDOs in Gipuzkoa focuses analysis on three aspects: their ideological positions, their structure and their organisational culture in an attempt to discover a possible gap that exists between theoretical discourse about equality and the practical reality. Our objective is to determine whether there exists a difference between learned discourse and real equality in their own organisations and actions. We analyse, from a theoretical perspective, the role of women in Development Cooperation and the normative and theoretical frameworks that govern the work carried out by these NGDOs in Gipuzkoa as well as the principal myths that are used in organisations, which could be responsible for the learned discourse in subjects relating to equality
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Lapinova, Svetlana, Alena Anikina, and Alexander Osharin. "Analysis of export and import structures using network methods (on the example of the agricultural market)." St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 36, no. 3 (2020): 421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2020.304.
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Analysis of trade cooperation between countries and identification of the most significant market participants is of great importance, both theoretically and empirically. The global trading community forms a network of international relations defined by trade contracts in various industries. Export-import trade flows are one of the key indicators of the level of cooperation among countries and the state of the global economy. The high intensity of such contacts across groups of countries suggests the existence of clusters in this market segment,consisting of central players — exporters and importers, who often define rules for other participants.Understanding the existence and identification of such a center helps to develop an optimal international trade strategy. The purpose of this contribution is to identify factors affecting trade flows among different countries. Statistical analysis of the international trade relations does not always reveal all the essential aspects of cooperation. This paper combines the methods of graph theory and econometric analysis to study the parameters of trade flows among countries. The parameters used in the network analysis make it possible to obtain additional characteristics of market participants, which help to evaluate their significance in the world trade. The paper also identifies some key mathematical and economic characteristics of export-import flows connecting destination countries. We have analyzed the directions of changes in world trade and established correspondences between metric characteristics of graph vertices and parameters of world trade models. The Russian indicators in export/import categories and its largest sales agents are estimated. The identification of the key intermediaries and importers (centers and authorities) on each of the markets in question has been carried out. As an example for this identification the market of agricultural products among the world’s largest exporters and importers of the product were used.
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Makarenko, Serhii, Nataliia Oliinyk, and Tatyana Kazakova. "IMPROVING THE METHOD APPROACH TO THE RATING EVALUATION OF EMPLOYEES AS PROFESSIONAL CAREER DEVELOPMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (February 11, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-179-187.
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Theoretical and methodical aspects of rating performance appraisal of academic workers of higher educational institutions are the object of research. The purpose of the article is to study peculiarities of the functioning of institutions of higher education and to improve processes of rating assessment of employees as a part of the development of professional careers. Methodological basis of research consisted of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists and leading specialists, statistical and analytical materials of state authorities. Results are obtained through the use of methods: statistical and economic – to determine the peculiarities and trends of the development of institutions of higher education in Ukraine; economics and mathematics – to study the impact of the main indicators of activity and performance of higher education institutions and purchasing power of the population on the total volume of gross domestic product; abstract-logical – for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. The results of the conducted research testify to the necessity of introducing a set of measures for optimization of labour costs for scientific and pedagogical workers of higher education institutions without worsening the quality of provided educational services. It has been revealed that the lack of a sound methodological approach to employee rating and appropriate means of motivation for professional development can lead to the loss of existing intellectual potential and competitive positions of higher education institutions in the market for educational services in general. To maintain the existing intellectual potential justified the introduction of an organizational and economic system for optimizing labour costs, which should consist of the following five main stages: collecting information, processing information received using expert and econometric and mathematical models, calculating the predictive values of factors and productive indicator, development of measures and directions of optimization of labour costs, development of a system of planning career development of personnel. With the introduction of a rating assessment of the activities of academic workers and its attachment to the development of professional careers, it is necessary to avoid possible professional burnout due to overload. A further study of the mechanism of determining the optimal predictive model, taking into account the influence of the shadow sector on the official statistical indicators of the development of the economy and the educational sector, in particular, deserves further study.