Journal articles: 'Equality difference'

1

Armstrong, C. "Complex equality: Beyond equality and difference." Feminist Theory 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460012002003001066.

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Donohue-White, Patricia. "Understanding Equality and Difference." International Philosophical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (1997): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq199737443.

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Ward, Cynthia V. "On Difference and Equality." Legal Theory 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000641.

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The concept of “difference” forms the core of contemporary attacks on “liberal legalism” and is central to proposals for replacing it. Critics charge that liberal law quashes difference because it grounds political equality and individual rights in the assumption that all persons share certain “samenesses,” such as rationality or autonomy. In the words of the philosopher Iris Marion Young, “liberal individualism denies difference by positing the self as a solid, self-sufficient unity, not defined by or in need of anything or anyone other than itself.” The claim is that this “sameness”-based vision of equality is in fact an exercise of power, reflecting a highly specific model of personhood that was constructed by and for a white male elite and ensures its continued social dominance. Liberalism's critics conclude that the achievement of social justice will be possible only when sameness-based conceptions of equality are rejected.

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Jones, Peter. "Equality, Recognition and Difference." Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698230500475457.

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Hebrard, E., D. Marx, B. O'Sullivan, and I. Razgon. "Soft Constraints of Difference and Equality." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 41 (May 27, 2011): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3197.

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In many combinatorial problems one may need to model the diversity or similarity of assignments in a solution. For example, one may wish to maximise or minimise the number of distinct values in a solution. To formulate problems of this type, we can use soft variants of the well known AllDifferent and AllEqual constraints. We present a taxonomy of six soft global constraints, generated by combining the two latter ones and the two standard cost functions, which are either maximised or minimised. We characterise the complexity of achieving arc and bounds consistency on these constraints, resolving those cases for which NP-hardness was neither proven nor disproven. In particular, we explore in depth the constraint ensuring that at least k pairs of variables have a common value. We show that achieving arc consistency is NP-hard, however achieving bounds consistency can be done in polynomial time through dynamic programming. Moreover, we show that the maximum number of pairs of equal variables can be approximated by a factor 1/2 with a linear time greedy algorithm. Finally, we provide a fixed parameter tractable algorithm with respect to the number of values appearing in more than two distinct domains. Interestingly, this taxonomy shows that enforcing equality is harder than enforcing difference.

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Harvey, Mark. "Group Rights: Reconciling Equality and Difference." Social Science Journal 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-3319(01)00121-5.

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French, Sally. "Equality Not Difference for Disabled People." Physiotherapy 81, no. 3 (March 1995): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)67065-4.

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MacLeod, Colin M. "Partial Equality." Dialogue 37, no. 4 (1998): 775–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300009823.

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Despite the diversity and important disagreement which characterizes theorizing in political philosophy, most contemporary theories of justice yield remarkably similar verdicts on the moral adequacy of current distributions of wealth, income, and opportunity. By almost any standard of justice defended today, we live in a profoundly unjust world. It is obvious, for instance, that utilitarianism, the difference principle, equality of resources, and even modest-sounding principles of equality of opportunity all condemn the yawning gulf which separates the rich and the poor of the world. Even Nozick's recommendation that the difference principle be used as a rough principle for rectifying historical injustice indicates how little immediate practical difference there is between Rawls's theory and its supposed libertarian antithesis. All this suggests that there is a surprising theoretical consensus about the immediate practical demands of justice. In short, moving toward justice requires substantially reducing the dramatic inequalities which plague our world.

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Rosenfeld, Michel. "Equality and the Dialectic Between Identity and Difference." Israel Law Review 39, no. 2 (2006): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700013017.

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Modern equality as derived from the Enlightenment has always had problems with difference. Whereas feudalism set inequality as the baseline, modern society sets equality as the baseline, but allows for unequal treatment based on differences. Thus, differences among the sexes have been invoked to treat women as inferiors and racial differences to deprive racial minorities of equal treatment. Liberalism has countered these moves by promoting a conception of equality as identity according to which race or gender-based differences are irrelevant for purposes of political participation or employment. More recent claims for equality based on identity politics which call for a type of equality that accounts for differences pose vexing problems for liberalism. How should liberalism handle this? By creating exceptions to generally applicable laws? By promoting group-based autonomy and self-government at the risk ofbalkanizing the polity? Or, on the contrary, by rejecting demands for recognition of differences and reinforcing equality as identity? After analyzing the dialectic of equality, this Article argues that, based on commitment to the premise that all human beings share an equal status for possessing the same capacity for moral choice, pluralism offers a better framework than liberalism for the best possible reconciliation of identity and difference. This implies a departure from the monolithic nation-state toward multi-layered interconnected centers of collective autonomy and self-government.

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10

Bailey, Carol A. "Equality with Difference: On Androcentrism and Menstruation." Teaching Sociology 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318632.

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11

Shaw, Pat. "Rawls, The Lexical Difference Principle and Equality." Philosophical Quarterly 42, no. 166 (January 1992): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2220449.

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12

de Hart, Jane Sherron. "Equality Challenged: Equal Rights and Sexual Difference." Journal of Policy History 6, no. 1 (January 1994): 40–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600003626.

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“ERA Won't Go Away!” The words were chanted at rallies and unfurled on banners at countless marches as the deadline—June 30, 1982—approached for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. To include in the Constitution the principle of equality of rights for women, supporters insisted, was an essential of republican government in a democratic society. Congress had shared that perception in 1972, passing a series of measures aimed at strengthening and expanding federal legislation banning discrimination on the basis of sex. Included was a constitutional amendment simply stating that “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex.” Thirty-five of the thirty-eight states necessary for a three-fourths majority needed to amend the Constitution had given their approval.

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13

Smeeton, Joe. "Promoting Equality: Working with Diversity and Difference." Ethics and Social Welfare 7, no. 4 (December 2013): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17496535.2013.852355.

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Hansen, Susan B. "Women’s Equality, Candidate Difference, and the Vote." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 37, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.2016.1116917.

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15

Gedalof, Irene. "Sameness and difference in government equality talk." Ethnic and Racial Studies 36, no. 1 (January 2013): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.644310.

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16

Silvers, Anita. "Reconciling Equality to Difference: Caring (F)or Justice For People With Disabilities." Hypatia 10, no. 1 (1995): 30–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1995.tb01352.x.

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A feminist ethics that bases morality on dependence or vulnerability challenges the moral priority of uniform over disparate treatment. Persons with disabilities resist equality's homogenization of moral personhood. But displacing equality in favor of caring or trust reprises the repression of those already marginalized. The ethics of difference proves an ineffective remedy for the negative consequences attendant on how historically marginalized groups are different. An historicized conception of equality resolves the dilemma.

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17

Muchti, Andina, and Delvi Selvia. "Variasi Leksikal Bahasa Musi di Sungsang." Diksa : Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/diksa.v5i2.9974.

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This study aims to describe the lexical variations of the Musi language in Sungsang. This lexical variation can be demonstrated by looking for similarities and differences in Musi language variations in Sungsang. The method used is a qualitative description. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, recording, and recording techniques. Data analysis techniques data checking with data reduction, data transcription, data classification, data interpretation, and conclusions. The results showed that: 1) Swades basic vocabulary there are 20 different words and 20 similarity words, 2) body parts there are 5 differences and 6 similarities, 3) greeting pronouns there are 4 different words and 2 similarity words 4) kinship system there are 3 words differences and 2 words of equality, 5) village and community life there are 7 words of difference and 4 words of equality, 6) house and parts there are 7 words of difference and 5 words of equality, 7) equipment and supplies there are 10 words of difference and 6 words of similarity, 8) food and drinks there are 5 words of difference and 2 words of equality, 9) seasons, natural conditions, natural objects, and directions there are 14 words of difference and 9 words of equality, 10) mannerism and adjectives there are 20 words of difference and 5 words of similarity, 11) clothing and jewelry there are 6 words of difference and 8 words of equality, 12) motion and work there are 20 words of difference and 10 words of equality, and 12) animals there are 6 words of difference and 1 similarity of language Musi, ko sakata that do not experience differences in plant, yard and tree vocabulary. Musi language variations are mostly found in Sungsang I Village with 60 vocabularies, while Musi language equation is more in Sungsang III village with 162 vocabularies.

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18

Wall, Steven. "RESCUING JUSTICE FROM EQUALITY." Social Philosophy and Policy 29, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 180–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052511000136.

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AbstractIn the wake of G. A. Cohen's masterful critique of Rawls's work, this paper discusses Rawlsian justice in general and the difference principle in particular. It argues that Rawlsian arguments for the difference principle present a puzzle and that to respond adequately to the puzzle we must engage in rational reconstruction. After explaining the puzzle and considering and rejecting a number of responses to it, the paper begins its reconstructive project. It presents the case for viewing the difference principle as a maximizing prioritarian principle of justice, one that that contains no trace of commitment to equality as a distributive norm. The paper concludes by bringing out some of the implications of viewing Rawlsian justice in this light.

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19

Cupit, Geoffrey. "Fraternity and Equality." Philosophy 88, no. 2 (March 18, 2013): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819113000089.

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AbstractIs there a connection between the values of fraternity and outcome equality? Is inequality at odds with fraternity? There are reasons to doubt that it is. First, fraternity requires us to want our ‘brothers’ and ‘sisters’ to fare well even when they are already better off than we are and their doing better will increase inequality. Second, fraternity seems not to require equality as a matter of fairness. Fairness requires (a certain) equality, but fraternity does not require fairness.In examining what fraternity requires I discuss Rawls' suggestion that the difference principle corresponds to a natural meaning of fraternity, arguing that fraternity may be even more tolerant of inequality than the difference principle. Nevertheless, I defend the claim that fraternity and equality are linked, albeit not in such a way as to make inequality inconsistent with fraternity. Fraternity is related to equality since equalizing expresses the connectedness at the core of fraternity; but inequality is consistent with fraternity since there are other ways of expressing that connectedness.

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20

Longino, Helen E., and Moira Gatens. "Feminism and Philosophy: Perspectives on Difference and Equality." Philosophical Review 102, no. 3 (July 1993): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2185906.

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21

McDonagh, Eileen. "Gender and the State: Accommodating Difference and Equality." Politics & Gender 10, no. 02 (May 20, 2014): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x14000075.

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22

Touraine, Alain. "Equality and/or Difference: Real Problems, False Dilemmas." Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 28, no. 4 (2003): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3341841.

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23

Chávez, Karma, Yasmin Nair, and Ryan Conrad. "Equality, Sameness, Difference: Revisiting the Equal Rights Amendment." WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 43, no. 3-4 (2015): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2015.0052.

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24

SORIAL, SARAH. "Habermas, Feminism, and Law: Beyond Equality and Difference?*." Ratio Juris 24, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9337.2010.00472.x.

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İçduygu, Ahmet, and B. Ali Soner. "Turkish minority rights regime: Between difference and equality." Middle Eastern Studies 42, no. 3 (May 2006): 447–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200500521370.

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26

Paynter, Robert, and Joe Watkins. "Archaeologists Respond to Difference, (In)equality & Justice." Anthropology News 48, no. 5 (May 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/an.2007.48.5.28.

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27

Osler, Audrey. "The Crick Report: difference, equality and racial justice." Curriculum Journal 11, no. 1 (March 2000): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095851700361375.

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28

Schmidt, Ella. "Equality in Difference: Hierarchical Multiculturalism and Membership Illusions." Human Studies 34, no. 4 (August 24, 2011): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10746-011-9193-x.

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29

Richardson, Janice. "Beyond equality and difference: Sexual difference in the work of Adriana Cavarero." Feminist Legal Studies 6, no. 1 (March 1998): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02684873.

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30

Ellmer, Anna. "Caring for Equality? Administering Ambivalence in Kindergarten." Sociologus 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.70.1.39.

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Abstract In recent years, kindergartens in Austria have increasingly become the target of an ambivalent politics of belonging and difference. Looking at institutional childcare practices as processes of doing and undoing differences, this article explores how kindergarten staff translate societal missions of promoting both ‘integration’ and ‘diversity’ into practice by reflecting particularly on the role of bureaucratic practices within this dynamic. Ethnographic studies on the organisational dimensions of institutional childcare have mostly focused on their normalising effects. Based on ethnographic material from two Viennese kindergartens, I show that universalist claims to childcare as a vehicle for belonging are important. Yet, care and administration in kindergarten hardly proceed in clear-cut ways. Pedagogical/bureaucratic practices unfold at the nexus of ‘formal’ and ‘informal’, as well as ‘private’ and ‘public’ spheres, mediated by an ambivalent normative universe and within limited institutional resources. Using a case of staff negotiating kinship practices in one family, the article traces their interplay and shows how bureaucratic practices become entangled with gendered constructions of cultural difference. Keywords: Bureaucracy, childcare, kinship, doing difference, gender

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McCluskey, Martha T. "Rethinking Equality and Difference: Disability Discrimination in Public Transportation." Yale Law Journal 97, no. 5 (April 1988): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796517.

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Riis, Anita Holm. "Interculture; Concept, Use and Ethics between Equality and Difference." European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i2-70.

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In this article, the concept of ‘interculture’ is investigated from different angles. We start out with the theme of migration and move on to a discussion of literature as a tool to increase cross-cultural understanding. In the first part of this article, the theoretical perspectives of Salman Rushdie and Richard Rorty are central. Since similarity and difference constitute an underlying issue in both cases this leads to a discussion about equality and difference at the end of the paper, in which ethics represent a key perspective. In this last section, we explore an important point addressed in Charles Taylor’s discussion of culture and ethics that can also be seen as a critique of the intercultural project and the way it balances similarity and difference, equality and difference.

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Salzer, Maureen Shannon, Leslie G. Roman, and Linda Eyre. "Dangerous Territories: Struggles for Difference and Equality in Education." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 54, no. 1 (2000): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1348438.

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Gouws, Amanda. "Beyond Equality and Difference: The Politics of Women's Citizenship." Agenda, no. 40 (1999): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4066018.

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Ngaosuvan, Leonard S. "The Equality Principle: Splitting the Difference in Custody Disputes." Family Court Review 56, no. 4 (October 2018): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12377.

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36

Brock, Gillian. "The Difference Principle, Equality of Opportunity, and Cosmopolitan Justice." Journal of Moral Philosophy 2, no. 3 (2005): 333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740468105058158.

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AbstractWhat kinds of principles of justice should a cosmopolitan support? In recent years some have argued that a cosmopolitan should endorse a Global Difference Principle. It has also been suggested that a cosmopolitan should support a Principle of Global Equality of Opportunity. In this paper I examine how compelling these two suggestions are. I argue against a Global Difference Principle, but for an alternative Needs-Based Minimum Floor Principle (where these are not co-extensive, as I explain). Though I support a negative version of the Global Equality of Opportunity Principle, I argue that a more positive version of the ideal remains elusive.

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37

Bauman, Zygmunt. "Alan Touraine Can We Live Together? Equality and Difference." New Political Economy 6, no. 3 (November 2001): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563460120091414.

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Wingrove. "blah blah WOMEN blah blah EQUALITY blah blah DIFFERENCE." Philosophy & Rhetoric 49, no. 4 (2016): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.49.4.0408.

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39

Reddy, Raghunandan. "Liberal gender equality and social difference: an institutional ethnography." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 39, no. 9/10 (September 9, 2019): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2019-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the workplace experiences of women employees during maternity and post-maternity periods to reveal the institutional order that coordinated the social relations and shaped their experiences through local and extra-local texts. Design/methodology/approach The institutional ethnography research framework allowed for mapping of workplace experiences of women employees during their maternity and post-maternity periods in their local context, connecting them to the invisible extra-local social relations. Findings The research study explored the disjuncture between the gender diversity initiatives that aimed at the inclusion of women employees and the workplace experiences of women employees in terms of work disengagement and work role degradation, including career discontinuity. Practical implications The gender diversity and inclusion initiatives of an organization need to examine the local and extra-local institutional texts that govern their context and coordinate social relations, such that there is no inconsistency between the intentions, implementation and outcomes. Social implications The state needs to revisit the maternity benefit act to provide additional measures to protect the career continuity of women, who choose maternity at some point in their work lives. Originality/value The paper explored the institutional order that influences the career continuity of women employees during maternity and post-maternity periods using institutional ethnography research framework in an information technology services organization in India. No such research study has even been attempted.

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Di Nola, Antonio, Witold Pedrycz, and Salvatore Sessa. "Fuzzy relation equations with equality and difference composition operators." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 25, no. 2 (February 1988): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(88)90188-1.

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41

Messing, Karen, Katherine Lippel, Diane Demers, and Donna Mergler. "Equality and Difference in the Workplace: Physical Job Demands, Occupational Illnesses, and Sex Differences." NWSA Journal 12, no. 3 (October 2000): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/nws.2000.12.3.21.

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42

Thiele, Kathrin. "Pushing Dualisms and Differences: From ‘Equality versus Difference’ to ‘Nonmimetic Sharing’and‘Staying with the Trouble’." Women: A Cultural Review 25, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574042.2014.901110.

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Aldea Muñoz, Serafín. "Transference of Ethnic Difference in School." education policy analysis archives 9 (June 4, 2001): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v9n20.2001.

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This article attempts to compile those concepts relating to the duality equality—difference, which appears with increasing frequency in our schools. Respect for ethnic minorities, integration, and the need to affirm certain values are part of the rights of children and of all persons. Nevertheless, this work provides evidence of the gap between theory and reality in the classroom. We also examine the difficulty of reaching an agreement as to what should be understood as tolerance or equality, which must be translated into didactic practice through behaviors and actions which go beyond the typical educational treatment or mere information about this worldwide problem.

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Arnot, Madeleine. "Gender equality, pedagogy and citizenship." Theory and Research in Education 4, no. 2 (July 2006): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878506064539.

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This article explores the relationship between gender equality, pedagogy and citizenship. It locates the analysis of education within the gender dilemmas associated with liberal democratic citizenship. Of particular concern is the tension between the promotion of equality and difference. Nancy Fraser's distinctions between redistribution and recognition and between affirmative and transformative remedies are used to explore two phases in the pedagogical debate around gender equality and difference in the UK since the 1970s.These phases demonstrate the contradictions associated with gender as a ‘bivalent collectivity’ – a collectivity defined through both economic and cultural/representational forms. The conclusion argues for a ‘critical pedagogy of difference’which promotes pedagogic democratic rights as well as critical gender identities.

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Fal-Dutra Santos, Ricardo. "Empowering Difference." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.051.

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Despite increasing attention to gender issues in the humanitarian sector, the notion of gender equality as a humanitarian goal remains largely rejected, as some argue it would require interfering with cultural values and practices, and thus lie beyond the remit of humanitarianism. This paper questions this by examining the close relationship between certain humanitarian goals, and cultural values and practices. It ultimately calls for a gender-transformative humanitarian action that recognises and supports local feminist actors, in an effort to transform gender relations both in local communities and within humanitarianism itself.

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Stamile, Natalina. "Igualdad, diferencia y teoría feminista = Equality, Difference and Feminist Theory." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 18 (April 1, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2020.5261.

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Resumen: Uno de los principales propósitos de este trabajo es analizar la compatibilidad entre la igualdad y la diferencia, dentro de la teoría feminista. En particular me interesa discutir el argumento desarrollado por algunas teóricas y feministas quienes afirman que la igualdad es compatible con las diferencias en el ámbito jurídico. Se acentuará el análisis a partir de la relación entre las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y la condición de la mujer, buscando verificar si, a raíz de esta relación, ésta última sufre mudanzas considerables. En esta perspectiva, la introducción de la diferencia parece ser indispensable para alcanzar la igualdad y hacerla efectiva. Finalmente, se intentará defender que la contraposición teórica entre el feminismo de la igualdad y el feminismo de la diferencia, podría superarse proponiendo una forma de lectura que intenta conciliar las dos alternativas.Palabras clave: Principio de igualdad, Estado de Derecho, diferencia, teoría feminista, TICs, conocimiento y desarrollo local.Abstract: One of the main aims of this study is to analyze the compatibility between equality and difference in feminist theory. In particular, I am interested in discussing the argument of some theorists and feminists who affirm that equality and difference are compatible in the legal field. My analysis will focus on the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the condition of women, verifying if, as a result of this relation, women suffer considerable changes. In this context, the introduction of difference seems to be indispensable to achieve equality and its effectiveness. I conclude that the juxtaposition of feminism of equality and feminism of difference could be overcome, and a form of lecture that tries to conciliate the two alternatives may be proposed.Keywords: Equality principle, Rule of law, difference, feminist theory, ITC.

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Sayan Cengiz, Feyda. "Feminist Responses to Freud Through the “Equality vs. Difference” Debate." Kadın/Woman 2000, Journal for Women's Studies 21, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.96.

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Freudian psychoanalysis has long been a matter of debate among feminists, and usually criticized for biological determinism. While discussing the Freudian framework, feminists have also been discussing how to define a female subject and the age old “equality vs. difference” discussion. This study discusses critical feminist responses to Freud which demonstrate the intricacies of the “equality vs. difference” debate amongst different strands of feminist theory. This article analyses three diverse lines of argumentation regarding psychoanalysis and the equality vs. difference debate by focusing on the works of Luce Irigaray, Simone de Beauvoir and Juliet Mitchell. Beauvoir and Irigaray both criticize the Freudian approach for taking “the male” as the real, essential subject. However, whereas Beauvoir sides with an egalitarian feminism, Irigaray defends underlining the difference of female sexuality. Juliet Mitchell, on the other hand, defends Freudian psychoanalysis through the argument that psychoanalysis actually offers a way to understand how the unconscious carries the heritage of historical and social reality. Accordingly, what Freudian psychoanalysis does is to analyze, rather than to legitimize, the basis of the patriarchal order in the unconscious.

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48

Harris, Angela P. "Equality Trouble: Sameness and Difference in Twentieth-Century Race Law." California Law Review 88, no. 6 (December 2000): 1923. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3481212.

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Balaton-Chrimes, Samantha. "Indigeneity and Kenya's Nubians: seeking equality in difference or sameness?" Journal of Modern African Studies 51, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x13000049.

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ABSTRACTRecent studies of indigeneity in Africa have highlighted the problematic nature of the concept in a continent where it is difficult to determine which groups have temporal priority in a given location. These studies have suggested, with varying degrees of criticism, that indigeneity in Africa is a strategic identity deployed to attain a special status and associated benefits, often to remedy past harms. This article agrees that indigeneity is an act of positioning, but suggests that in the Kenyan context it can be deployed in another way as well, that is, as an act that seeks equal rather than special positioning within the dominant population. In this case indigeneity is not a special ‘slot’ but rather the norm. The article illustrates this by drawing on research with the Nubian community of Nairobi who seek to shed their ethnic stranger status and instead position themselves as indigenous to Nairobi in order to access the same quality of citizenship as that enjoyed by Kenya's ‘42 tribes’.

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Kendal, Evie. "Utopian Literature and Bioethics: Exploring Reproductive Difference and Gender Equality." Literature and Medicine 36, no. 1 (2018): 56–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lm.2018.0002.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Equality difference'

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