Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equality difference

Academic literature on the topic 'Equality difference'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Equality difference"

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Armstrong, C. "Complex equality: Beyond equality and difference." Feminist Theory 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460012002003001066.

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Donohue-White, Patricia. "Understanding Equality and Difference." International Philosophical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (1997): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq199737443.

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Ward, Cynthia V. "On Difference and Equality." Legal Theory 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 65–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325200000641.

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The concept of “difference” forms the core of contemporary attacks on “liberal legalism” and is central to proposals for replacing it. Critics charge that liberal law quashes difference because it grounds political equality and individual rights in the assumption that all persons share certain “samenesses,” such as rationality or autonomy. In the words of the philosopher Iris Marion Young, “liberal individualism denies difference by positing the self as a solid, self-sufficient unity, not defined by or in need of anything or anyone other than itself.” The claim is that this “sameness”-based vision of equality is in fact an exercise of power, reflecting a highly specific model of personhood that was constructed by and for a white male elite and ensures its continued social dominance. Liberalism's critics conclude that the achievement of social justice will be possible only when sameness-based conceptions of equality are rejected.
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Jones, Peter. "Equality, Recognition and Difference." Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698230500475457.

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Hebrard, E., D. Marx, B. O'Sullivan, and I. Razgon. "Soft Constraints of Difference and Equality." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 41 (May 27, 2011): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3197.

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In many combinatorial problems one may need to model the diversity or similarity of assignments in a solution. For example, one may wish to maximise or minimise the number of distinct values in a solution. To formulate problems of this type, we can use soft variants of the well known AllDifferent and AllEqual constraints. We present a taxonomy of six soft global constraints, generated by combining the two latter ones and the two standard cost functions, which are either maximised or minimised. We characterise the complexity of achieving arc and bounds consistency on these constraints, resolving those cases for which NP-hardness was neither proven nor disproven. In particular, we explore in depth the constraint ensuring that at least k pairs of variables have a common value. We show that achieving arc consistency is NP-hard, however achieving bounds consistency can be done in polynomial time through dynamic programming. Moreover, we show that the maximum number of pairs of equal variables can be approximated by a factor 1/2 with a linear time greedy algorithm. Finally, we provide a fixed parameter tractable algorithm with respect to the number of values appearing in more than two distinct domains. Interestingly, this taxonomy shows that enforcing equality is harder than enforcing difference.
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Harvey, Mark. "Group Rights: Reconciling Equality and Difference." Social Science Journal 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-3319(01)00121-5.

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French, Sally. "Equality Not Difference for Disabled People." Physiotherapy 81, no. 3 (March 1995): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)67065-4.

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MacLeod, Colin M. "Partial Equality." Dialogue 37, no. 4 (1998): 775–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300009823.

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Despite the diversity and important disagreement which characterizes theorizing in political philosophy, most contemporary theories of justice yield remarkably similar verdicts on the moral adequacy of current distributions of wealth, income, and opportunity. By almost any standard of justice defended today, we live in a profoundly unjust world. It is obvious, for instance, that utilitarianism, the difference principle, equality of resources, and even modest-sounding principles of equality of opportunity all condemn the yawning gulf which separates the rich and the poor of the world. Even Nozick's recommendation that the difference principle be used as a rough principle for rectifying historical injustice indicates how little immediate practical difference there is between Rawls's theory and its supposed libertarian antithesis. All this suggests that there is a surprising theoretical consensus about the immediate practical demands of justice. In short, moving toward justice requires substantially reducing the dramatic inequalities which plague our world.
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Rosenfeld, Michel. "Equality and the Dialectic Between Identity and Difference." Israel Law Review 39, no. 2 (2006): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700013017.

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Modern equality as derived from the Enlightenment has always had problems with difference. Whereas feudalism set inequality as the baseline, modern society sets equality as the baseline, but allows for unequal treatment based on differences. Thus, differences among the sexes have been invoked to treat women as inferiors and racial differences to deprive racial minorities of equal treatment. Liberalism has countered these moves by promoting a conception of equality as identity according to which race or gender-based differences are irrelevant for purposes of political participation or employment. More recent claims for equality based on identity politics which call for a type of equality that accounts for differences pose vexing problems for liberalism. How should liberalism handle this? By creating exceptions to generally applicable laws? By promoting group-based autonomy and self-government at the risk ofbalkanizing the polity? Or, on the contrary, by rejecting demands for recognition of differences and reinforcing equality as identity? After analyzing the dialectic of equality, this Article argues that, based on commitment to the premise that all human beings share an equal status for possessing the same capacity for moral choice, pluralism offers a better framework than liberalism for the best possible reconciliation of identity and difference. This implies a departure from the monolithic nation-state toward multi-layered interconnected centers of collective autonomy and self-government.
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Bailey, Carol A. "Equality with Difference: On Androcentrism and Menstruation." Teaching Sociology 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318632.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equality difference"

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Semlyen, Tom. "Ideology and difference : equality and diversity in contemporary Britain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ideology-and-difference(7e131865-dea7-454c-85ae-784b10068b2f).html.

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This thesis is a contribution towards an explanation of how and why multiculturalism has been successful as a political ideology. My central focus is on the rise of a particular manifestation of multiculturalism in Britain: equality and diversity; more specifically, I trace the evolution of an equality and diversity ideological framework as the latter evolves over time to play a significant role in a wider neoliberal hegemony. I focus, in particular, on the role played by the concept of diversity, and later the concept of cohesion, as a response to the conflicts generated by the promotion of radical, redistributive equality policies in society. In order to carry out this investigation I analyse - both conceptually and empirically - a set of texts taken from seven case study organisations. Taking the debate between Laclau and Zizek as my theoretical starting point, I go on to provide a historical context for the case study material by looking at the origins of multiculturalism in Britain. I then use two of the case studies to develop a conceptual picture of an equality and diversity framework. Following this I identify, in the remaining case studies, various themes that I consider in detail: the emergence of equality and diversity as a business-led endeavour, the rise of equalities legislation, the relationship between class, social exclusion and diversity, and the more recent focus on cohesion. Throughout these case study chapters the aim is to map the development of equality and diversity, both as a historical phenomenon and as a functioning ideology. The picture that emerges is of equality and diversity as a way of depoliticising redistribution, and this, I argue, is a key factor in explaining its appeal to various groups in society.
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Acharya, Ashok. "Equality, difference and group rights, the case of India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63760.pdf.

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Langley, Alix. "A feminist critique of feminist philosophy : dualisms, difference and equality." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400458.

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Burns, Ann. "Gender equality in Liverpool schools : making a difference through TVEI: a case study." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310642.

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Ball, Wendy Susan. "Making a difference, promoting gender equality? : transforming childcare policies for mothers, fathers and children in Wales." Thesis, Swansea University, 2006. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42977.

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This thesis explores the connections between childcare, gender relations and social policy in post-devolution Wales. The changing childcare policy landscape in the United Kingdom is discussed and the making of childcare policy in Wales following devolution is traced. New Labour parenting and childcare policy agendas are assessed in relation to claims that policy will progress gender equality, offer parental choice, extend support to parents and meet the interests of children. Following analysis of policy texts, the assessment proceeds with reference to interviews with policy actors, presenting their perspectives on policy delivery in Wales. The degree to which a distinctive social policy agenda has been enabled by devolution is discussed. It is argued that there is evidence of a different style and vision in Wales that may provide opportunities for social movements. Guided by feminist standpoint theory and 'institutional ethnography', the study then turns to the childcare practices of mothers, fathers and grandmothers living in Swansea. The main focus is on the mothers ' accounts, how their caring practices are shaped by gendered moral codes and ideologies relating to the conduct of mothering. Key concepts used throughout the analysis include 'sensitive mothering' (Walkerdine and Lucey, 1989) and 'intensive mothering' (Hays, 1996); 'gendered moral rationalities' (Duncan and Edwards, 1999) and 'social/ emotional capital' (Reay, 2005). Nancy Fraser's (1997) discussion of claims for 'redistribution' and for 'recognition' is used to highlight tensions in policy agendas, gender politics and parental preferences. In conclusion the importance o f developing a feminist 'ethics of care' in childcare/ parenting policy is discussed. It is argued that childcare policy in Wales has been limited by a narrow understanding of the connections between parental preference, gender and childcare and the interconnections between informal care provided through gendered networks of social support and formal childcare provision need to be recognised.
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Fugo, Justin I. "Behind 'The Veil of Race-Neutrality': Sharing Responsibility for Racial Justice and Cultivating Democratic Equality of Difference." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/482623.

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Philosophy
Ph.D.
This dissertation adopts a ‘social criticism’ model in order to analyze racism in our contemporary world – particularly the United States. This analysis offers a detailed account of racism as rooted in social structural processes, and prioritizes oppression and domination as the chief wrongs resulting from racism. To do so, said analysis highlights norms, ideals, policies, and actions, that are often assumed to be ‘race neutral’ (e.g., impartiality, merit, ‘natural rights’, and autonomy), and the role they play in the production of racial injustice. More specifically, it exposes how these norms function to undermine human agency by restricting means for self-development and self-determination. As such, the role that inclusive and democratic deliberation can play in combating racial oppression and domination is developed. In light of this analysis, a defense of a ‘concrete morality’ which prioritizes the fight against oppression and domination, is made against an ‘abstract morality’ that adheres to ‘ideally just’ principles regardless of the injustice that results from doing so. Moreover, this project develops a ‘shared responsibility model’ for racial injustice, articulating varying degrees and kinds of responsibility we have for correcting it. It concludes by offering ‘democratic equality of difference’ as a normative ideal for cultivating racial justice. Generally, said ideal aims to: create basic conditions for the self-development and collective self-determination of all; cultivate a universally inclusive and ongoing process of democratic deliberation for solving collective problems; and attend to difference when deliberating about matters of justice.
Temple University--Theses
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Papadimitriou, Lamprini. "Making a Difference in Education : The role of the school and especially the teacher in empowering gender discrimination under a policy of equality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-133204.

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The aim of this thesis is to find out how the role of the teacher can affect positively or negatively the issue of gender equality in classroom and more specifically how this question can be applied to the Greek educational system which, for years, has been following a program that suggests ways for the elimination of gender stereotyping. The reason that this thesis focuses mainly on the role of the teacher, besides the fact that teaching is my occupation, lies in the fact that the implementation of every policy presupposes the willingness of the teacher to carry out those implementations. The implementation of policies on gender issues requires a constant education and training on gender issues and rights, expanding the attitude and beliefs on the issue. So far the policies tend to aim to equality and elimination of discrimination. We will see at which level we currently are and which are the visions regarding this matter.
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Kotze, Marthé. "Is the difference in minimum legal ages of marriage for girls and boys in South Africa a violation of equality?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73472.

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South African law allows minors under the age of 18 to get married, under certain conditions. The minimum age at which a minor may enter into marriage under both civil and customary law is 12-17 for girls, and 14-17 for boys. The focus of this paper is not the practice of child marriage, nor measures aimed at combating child marriage, and recommends that South Africa set the age of marriage at 18 for both sexes without exceptions. However, until South Africa changes its laws, boys and girls will continue being treated differently under existing marriage legislation. This mini-dissertation is concerned with whether different minimum ages of marriage for minors contributes to the systemic discrimination that women and girls face in South Africa, and whether this violates the rights of girls to be treated equally to boys. The paper looks at the role of culture and gender stereotypes in the formation of marriage legislation, as well as the societal effects of the current legislation.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Centre for Human Rights
MPhil Multidisciplinary Human Rights
Unrestricted
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Feijó, Daniela Santana. "Empoderamento e ONG : limites e possibilidades." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/85169.

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A centralidade desse estudo está na intersecção da temática das organizações não governamentais com a do empoderamento. Primeiramente, fez-se uma retomada das discussões concernentes às organizações não governamentais, sua relação com o mercado e o Estado, envolvendo questões como a legitimidade e a representatividade das ONGs. A seguir, é feito um estudo sobre o empoderamento sob o ponto de vista teórico - através das principais abordagens conceituais, e sob o ponto de vista prático: por meio da análise das trajetórias de vida de lideranças de ONGs (com recorte de gênero e raça) e dos projetos dessas organizações que visam a promoção de empoderamento. O elemento diferencial em relação aos estudos anteriores, está na aproximação e no aprofundamento das reflexões entorno do tema “igualdade e diferença” quando aplicado ao empoderamento.
This study focuses on the intersection of the non-governmental organisations thematic and the empowerment´s one. Firstly, we have recaptured the discussions about non-governmental organisations, their relations with market and state, taking in account some questions like NGO’s legitimacy and representativity. After we have analised empowerment under the theoretical point of view – through the main conceptual approaches and under the pratical point of view: by analysing NGO leadership’s careers (considering both gender and race) and those organisations that promote empowerment. This study distinguish from the previous ones by getting closer and deeper from reflexions about the theme “equality and difference” applied to empowerment.
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Silva, Solange Cristina da. "O direito à diferença a partir da igualdade em Dworkin." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6141.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange Cristina da Silva.pdf: 83823919 bytes, checksum: 28059c837d9e39fa65e1b818268c45bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-14
This study supports the thesis that the difference is right corollary of the principle of equality and as such constitutionally recognized. The work is built on the concept of equality in Dworkin, not like the thought of a deepening Dworkin, just as inspiration in conducting the analysis. For the recognition of equality as a right, it is necessary to distinguish between difference and inequality and its importance in a democratic state. By treating the difference becomes necessary to address the issues prejudice, discrimination and tolerance. In society it is imperative to learn to live with differences, both natural differences as cultural differences. When the difference is not regarded generate inequalities, marginalization and exclusion. There are many differences that must be recognized and respected in society, however, points to racial difference, so from there, discuss the importance and necessity of conscious actions of the State, by means of public policies for the promotion of equality between different so that the maxim different, but identical, is in reality society
No presente estudo defende-se a tese de que a diferença é direito corolário do princípio da igualdade e, como tal, constitucionalmente reconhecido. O trabalho é construído a partir da concepção de igualdade em Dworkin, não como um aprofundamento no pensamento do autor, apenas como uma inspiração para conduzir nossa análise. Para o reconhecimento da igualdade como direito, faz-se necessária a distinção entre a diferença e a desigualdade e sua importância em um Estado Democrático de Direito. Para uma avaliação mais precisa, julgamos necessário abordar os temas do preconceito, da discriminação e da tolerância. Na vida em sociedade, é imperativo aprender a conviver com as diferenças, tanto as naturais quanto as culturais. Quando não são consideradas, inevitavelmente geram desigualdades, marginalizações e exclusões. São muitas as diferenças que devem ser reconhecidas e respeitadas na vida em sociedade, porém, aponta-se a racial para, a partir dela, discutir a importância e a necessidade das ações conscientes do Estado, por meio das políticas públicas que visam promover a igualdade entre os diferentes, para que a máxima diferentes, mas iguais , seja realidade na sociedade
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Books on the topic "Equality difference"

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Touraine, Alain. Can we live together?: Equality and difference. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2000.

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Can we live together?: Equality and difference. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2000.

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Gatens, Moira. Feminism and philosophy: Perspectives on difference and equality. Cambridge: Polity, 1991.

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Abeyesekera, Sunila. Women's human rights: Questions of equality and difference. The Hague, Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies, 1995.

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Gatens, Moira. Feminism and philosophy: Perspectives on difference and equality. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991.

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Feminism and philosophy: Perspectives on difference and equality. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 1991.

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Brady, Josephine, and Maureen Gilbert. 100 books with a difference: The reading guide. [Cavan]: Cavan County Council's Library Service, 2013.

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Kay, Rebecca, ed. Gender, Equality and Difference During And After State Socialism. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590762.

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Democracy and difference. Cambridge, [England]: Polity Press, 1993.

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Democracy and difference. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equality difference"

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Modood, Tariq, and Tamar de Waal. "Multiculturalism Today: Difference, Equality and Interculturalism." In Equality, 135–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54310-5_4.

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Modood, Tariq. "Difference, ‘Multi’ and Equality." In The Plural States of Recognition, 152–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230285569_9.

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Holtug, Nils. "Equality and Difference-Blind Rights." In Nationalism and Multiculturalism in a World of Immigration, 81–118. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377776_4.

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Martins, Jo M., Fei Guo, and David A. Swanson. "Gender Dilemma: Difference and Equality." In Global Population in Transition, 221–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77362-9_8.

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Palazzani, Laura. "Identity and Equality in Sexual Difference." In SpringerBriefs in Law, 73–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4991-7_4.

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Squires, Judith. "Making a Difference? Evaluating Impact." In The New Politics of Gender Equality, 52–75. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03653-7_3.

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Poferl, Angelika. "How to talk about difference and equality?" In Multiple Gender Cultures, Sociology, and Plural Modernities, 195–224. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in gender and society: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429454127-14.

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Cornelius, Nelarine, Larraine Gooch, and Shaun Todd. "Managing Difference Fairly: An Integrated ‘Partnership’ Approach." In Equality, Diversity and Disadvantage in Employment, 32–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333977880_3.

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Vallance, Elizabeth. "Do Women Make a Difference? The Impact of Women MEPs on Community Equality Policy." In Women, Equality and Europe, 126–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19187-1_9.

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di Nola, Antonio, Salvatore Sessa, Witold Pedrycz, and Elie Sanchez. "Fuzzy Relation Equations with Equality and Difference Composition Operators." In Fuzzy Relation Equations and Their Applications to Knowledge Engineering, 129–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1650-5_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equality difference"

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Peng, Kunzhi. "Affirmative Equality: A Revised Goal of De-bias for Artificial Intelligence Based on Difference Principle." In 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Engineering (ICAICE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaice51518.2020.00009.

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Nakhaie-Jazar, Gholamreza, A. H. Naghshineh-Poor, and K. Ravanbakhsh. "Energy Optimal Control Algorithm Based on Central Difference Approximation of Equation of Motion With Application to Robot Control." In ASME 1992 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1992-0131.

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Abstract Optimal control of robotic manipulator has a complex nature. Many different control and optimal control algorithms have been developed. However, these algorithms are either based on simplified equation of motion or are tedious to implement to set up. In this work the equations of motion are approximated by central difference technic and Taylor series expansion, while path of motion is divided in finite segments. The motion is assumed to have zero velocity at beginning and at the end of the motion, without loss of generality. The whole time and path of motion is arbitrary, but fixed, after the option. The problem of energy optimal control is reduced to minimizing a scalar function of many but finite variables with equality and inequality constraints. By applying modified Hooke and Jeeves method, actuator torques at any time are calculated. The preparation time for problem set up and execution time are small, and programming efforts are reasonably low. The algorithm is implemented for a 2R and 3R robotic manipulator, and results are presented.
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Sridhar, Natarajan, Rajiv Agrawal, and Gary L. Kinzel. "A Methodology to Handle Inequality Constraints in an Interactve Design Process." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0048.

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Abstract The treatment of mechanical design as a constraint management problem has long been related to equality constraints. Work involving inequality constraints has been generally restricted to optimization and symbolic computation. This paper presents a methodology for handling inequality constraints in an interactive mechanical design process. The presented method is similar to the basis interchange algorithm used in the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method for constrained nonlinear optimization. The main difference is that our method relies on user guidance to select which specification has to be changed in order to satisfy the violated inequality constraint. Also, the specification is only adjusted; unlike the procedure in the GRG method where the basis is changed. An inequality constraint violation is detected whenever the corresponding slack variable becomes negative. An occurrence-matrix formulation is used to represent both the equality and inequality constraints that govern the design. The work is illustrated for the classical weldment design problem.
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Siami, A., and M. Farid. "Identification and Defect Detection of Continuous Dynamic Systems." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14364.

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This paper presents a systematic and efficient algorithm using a coupled finite element - finite difference - least square method for identification and defect detection of continuous system using dynamic response of such systems. First the governing partial differential equations of motion of continuous systems such as beams are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations in time domain using finite elements. Then finite difference method is used to convert these equations into a set of algebraic equations. This set of equations is considered as a set of equality constraints of an optimization problem in which the objective function is the summation of the squares of differences between measured data at specific points and the predicted data obtained by the solution of the governing system of differential of equations. This method has been successfully applied to find mechanical properties of aforementioned systems in an iterative procedure.
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Mansimov, Kamil. "Necessary optimality conditions of the first and second orders in the problem of control of processes described by difference analogy of volterra equation under equality and inequality type functional constraints." In 2012 IV International Conference "Problems of Cybernetics and Informatics" (PCI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpci.2012.6486436.

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Cavalcante de Melo, Thamyres, and Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de Castro. "Affirmative action and justice policies: an analysis of the understanding of law course students about the legal reservation of places for access to higher education." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212440.

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Affirmative actions reflect the ideal of achieving equal opportunities and represent the realization of cultural transformations in order to reduce the effects of historically accumulated inequalities. Such actions are capableof implementing greater representation of minority groups in the most diverse domains of public and private activity. In the case of quotas instituted to guarantee minority access to higher education, the reservation of places is one of the forms of social justice that tries to guarantee a minimum level of education for the most disadvantaged, trying to compensate and equalize the opportunities for access to education. This research aimed to analyze the perception of students in the ISECENSA Law course about the affirmative action policy, with an emphasis on the quota modality that promotes the legal reserve of places for the so-called “minorities”. Therefore, the methodology used was qualiquantitative and had as its starting point the bibliographical review to situate the quota policy as an object in the field of socio-legal studies. Documentary analysis of laws on the subject was carried out, as well as field research, through which the questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to verify the position of ISECENSA law students on the quota policy and to identify whether the students understand the meaning of the quota policy. Thus, 115 questionnaires were applied to students from the 1st to the 5th period of the Isecensa Law course and the data collected showed the students' concern with Social Justice, even with the initial lack of knowledge about the concept of “affirmative action”. In this way, it was possible to analyze the perception of law students at ISECENSA regarding the quota policy and also to promote awareness of the reasons and effects of the implementation of that policy. It is expected then, to contribute to the humanization of educational institutions by encouraging diversity in order to build a society that respects difference, seeking to achieve peace and equality
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Secker, J. A. "Different but equally valuable." In IEE Seminar on Vocational Technology - Engineering for the Future? IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990309.

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López-Íñiguez, Guadalupe, and Tuula Jääskeläinen. "How about equality and equity in higher music education? A theoretical framework for researching quality of music teaching and learning." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5417.

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While quality development has an important role in higher education in Finland, its connection with equality and equity in teaching and learning music is not often mentioned. Most of the discussions about equality in education have focused on how to equalize access to and participation in education, but there are disagreements about what the very concepts of equality and equity mean in education. When striving to achieve equality in higher music education, the use of learner-centered pedagogies may promote an engaging and satisfying learning experience. We illustrate a more holistic approach in teaching and learning music by adapting the equality-equity model developed by Espinoza (2007) to give an overview of dimensions of equality and equity with reference to the different stages of the educational process at the music university level. Constructivist research and phenomenographic research in teaching and learning music suggest that the conceptions held by teachers and students about teaching and learning can be relevant factors in the pursuit of change in educational practices. On this basis, we develop a theoretical framework and suggest some remedies for the research of teaching and learning in music universities aimed at developing more holistic quality in higher music education.
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Bastarrica, Maria Cecilia, and Jocelyn Simmonds. "Gender Differences in Self and Peer Assessment in a Software Engineering Capstone Course." In 2019 IEEE/ACM 2nd International Workshop on Gender Equality in Software Engineering (GE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ge.2019.00014.

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Pan, Wenzhang. "Differences Between Rawls and Locke: From the Perspectives of Rationality and Equality." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.411.

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Reports on the topic "Equality difference"

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Marcos Morezuelas, Paloma. Gender and Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar, Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003068.

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This document focuses on how to incorporate a gender perspective in operations that support the construction, operation and maintenance of medium- and large-scale renewable wind, solar, geothermal and hydroelectric energy installations connected to the grid for purposes of power generation. Additionally, there is also a section on rural energy that is applicable to small installations and mini-grids, or to exceptional cases where medium- and large-scale facilities provide electricity to a community. The document (i) identifies the possible gender equality challenges and opportunities as part of the project assessment, (ii) highlights the risks and potentially negative impacts of the project on gender equality, (iii) offers recommendations for addressing, preventing and mitigating challenges and for maximizing opportunities; and (iv) presents examples of programs that have taken into account gender differences or risks. In addition, the document includes (v) key questions for analyzing gender issues in renewable energy projects, and (vi) examples of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of operations in the renewable energy sector.
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DeJaeghere, Joan, Vu Dao, Bich-Hang Duong, and Phuong Luong. Inequalities in Learning in Vietnam: Teachers’ Beliefs About and Classroom Practices for Ethnic Minorities. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/061.

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Global and national education agendas are concerned with improving quality and equality of learning outcomes. This paper provides an analysis of the case of Vietnam, which is regarded as having high learning outcomes and less inequality in learning. But national data and international test outcomes may mask the hidden inequalities that exist between minoritized groups and majority (Kinh) students. Drawing on data from qualitative videos and interviews of secondary teachers across 10 provinces, we examine the role of teachers’ beliefs, curricular design and actions in the classroom (Gale et al., 2017). We show that teachers hold different beliefs and engage in curricular design – or the use of hegemonic curriculum and instructional practices that produce different learning outcomes for minoritized students compared to Kinh students. It suggests that policies need to focus on the social-cultural aspects of teaching in addition to the material and technical aspects.
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Carter, Becky. Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.062.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.
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Gordon, Eleanor, and Briony Jones. Building Success in Development and Peacebuilding by Caring for Carers: A Guide to Research, Policy and Practice to Ensure Effective, Inclusive and Responsive Interventions. University of Warwick Press, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-00-6.

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The experiences and marginalisation of international organisation employees with caring responsibilities has a direct negative impact on the type of security and justice being built in conflict-affected environments. This is in large part because international organisations fail to respond to the needs of those with caring responsibilities, which leads to their early departure from the field, and negatively affects their work while in post. In this toolkit we describe this problem, the exacerbating factors, and challenges to overcoming it. We offer a theory of change demonstrating how caring for carers can both improve the working conditions of employees of international organisations as well as the effectiveness, inclusivity and responsiveness of peace and justice interventions. This is important because it raises awareness among employers in the sector of the severity of the problem and its consequences. We also offer a guide for employers for how to take the caring responsibilities of their employees into account when developing human resource policies and practices, designing working conditions and planning interventions. Finally, we underscore the importance of conducting research on the gendered impacts of the marginalisation of employees with caring responsibilities, not least because of the breadth and depth of resultant individual, organisational and sectoral harms. In this regard, we also draw attention to the way in which gender stereotypes and gender biases not only inform and undermine peacebuilding efforts, but also permeate research in this field. Our toolkit is aimed at international organisation employees, employers and human resources personnel, as well as students and scholars of peacebuilding and international development. We see these communities of knowledge and action as overlapping, with insights to be brought to bear as well as challenges to be overcome in this area. The content of the toolkit is equally relevant across these knowledge communities as well as between different specialisms and disciplines. Peacebuilding and development draw in experts from economics, politics, anthropology, sociology and law, to name but a few. The authors of this toolkit have come together from gender studies, political science, and development studies to develop a theory of change informed by interdisciplinary insights. We hope, therefore, that this toolkit will be useful to an inclusive and interdisciplinary set of knowledge communities. Our core argument - that caring for carers benefits the individual, the sectors, and the intended beneficiaries of interventions - is relevant for students, researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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EUROPEAN STANDARDS OF CARE FOR NEWBORN HEALTH. Chernivtsi, Ukraine: Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine Bukovinian State Medical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-4260.ix.3.33.2019.1.

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Medical treatment and care for preterm and sick newborn babies in European countries varies greatly. Significant differences are not only limited to the survival rates of such infants. In some European countries, preterm birth is also more commonly associated with chronic physical and mental disability than in others. This effect is exacerbated by the fact that in some parts of Europe, further assistance to these vulnerable children after discharge from the hospital (follow-up and early intervention) is not structured or even does not exist at all. Given the high level of inequality in health care delivery, agreed definitions and clear recommendations for infrastructure, medical processes, care procedures, and staffing capabilities are needed to compare and adjust the conditions of care in Europe. Therefore, there is an absolute need to ensure that high-level care is equally available throughout and for everyone. European standards of care for newborn health, developed on the initiative and under the project of the European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI), will help to overcome differences in clinical practice, structure and organization of care, as well as training of healthcare professionals. This publication presents the part of the standards regarding health care for preterm and sick infants.
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