Academic literature on the topic 'Equality – case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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Steindorff, Ludwig. "Equality under Reserve." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 49, no. 2-3 (2015): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04902005.
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In the world of the rich Muscovite sources on donations and the liturgical commemoration of the dead, women are mentioned as comprehensively as men. I illustrate this in the Synodicon of the Disgraced and a detailed case study of the donor Mariia Eropkina, née El’chanina. While the first is a unique case, the latter corresponds, notwithstanding some particularities, to a pattern which we encounter time and again in similar form. Apparently, premodernism shares a common ground in Europe that transcends church boundaries: The worlds of men and women were not strictly separated, but male dominance was undisputed.
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Manfredi, Simonetta, and Kate Clayton-Hathway. "Gender equality and the business case in horse racing." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 40, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-02-2020-0035.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings and outcomes from research undertaken in 2016 on diversity in British horse racing. The last decade has seen increasing focus on improving gender balance in senior roles in most sectors. Motivation for change within horse racing came from women at a senior level, who identified that the industry was behind in this respect. This work offers a case study to consider, with a business case context, whether an initiative, driven from the top, can open up a conversation about inequality and precipitate change that benefits women across a whole sector.Design/methodology/approachThis research took an action research approach using a survey alongside key stakeholder interviews.FindingsThe findings showed a diverse industry with complex career paths. Growing numbers of women have entered the sector, though this was often not reflected in women's seniority or in perceptions about their capabilities. Issues identified included the importance of mentoring, networking and career advice for women's progression, which are needed to navigate myriad career paths and male-dominated structures. The paper argues that investigating equality issues from a perspective of those in leadership roles can lead to pragmatic initiatives supporting women at all levels.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is that it focuses on work which, for the first time, explored women's career participation in the horse racing industry. It challenges existing critiques of using a business case to promote gender equality.
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Widiyanti, Sopi Aprilia, Elly Malihah, and Wilodati Wilodati. "INTERNALIZATION OF GENDER EQUALITY VALUES IN SOCIOLOGY LEARNING." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 15, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v15i2.49328.
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This research is motivated by the existence of gender bias practices carried out by students. The main aim of this research is to analyze the role of teachers at SMAN 9 Bandung City when internalizing gender equality values in sociology learning as an effort to minimize gender bias practices and form the character of students who are sensitive and care about gender equality in everyday life.Internalizing the value of gender equality is a process where a person begins to accept and understand the values, norms, principles related to gender and apply them in the community environment. This research was conducted through interviews, observations and documentation studies using a qualitative approach with a strategy in the form of case studies of Sociology Teachers, Guidance and Counseling Teachers and class XI students. Based on this researcht we can know,Sociology teachers strive to implement learning methods that can increase the participation of male and female students equally. On the other hand, sociology teachers try to use interactive learning media such as video shows, images, PowerPoints that reflect gender equality. Then the sociology teacher tries to correlate relevant material with gender equality issues, such as material on social differentiation, social stratification and various social phenomena. By internalizing the value of gender equality, it increases students' ability to understand the meaning of gender equality values, students' understanding of gender equality is also reflected in the character of students who are shown in making decisions based on common interests, mutual respect and support for each other, participation of male students. -men and women become more equal.
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Moore, Mignon R. "Marriage Equality and the African American Case: Intersections of Race and LGBT Sexuality." differences 29, no. 2 (September 1, 2018): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10407391-6999858.
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Desai, Shiv R. "Humanizing Trayvon Martin: Racial Profiling, Implicit Biases, and Teacher Education." Urban Education 54, no. 8 (April 29, 2016): 1031–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916646609.
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The purpose of this article is to describe a pedagogical inquiry the author conducted to engage preservice teachers in social justice praxis and teacher activism to address the impact of racial profiling on classroom interactions by utilizing the Trayvon Martin case. The Martin case provided the opportunity to have rich, meaningful discussions regarding race, equality, and justice with preservice teachers so that they would be better equipped to tackle such issues in the classroom. Most important, this inquiry reinforces the notion that children of color will never be treated equally until we change how they are perceived.
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Weinzweig, Marjorie. "Pregnancy Leave, Comparable Worth, And Concepts of Equality." Hypatia 2, no. 1 (1987): 71–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1987.tb00854.x.
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Pregnancy leave and comparable worth deal with differences between female and male employees. In each case feminists are divided as to whether special treatment for women will promote equality or reinforce sex stereotypes and gender based segregation in the workplace. A radical restructuring of the workplace is necessary, to make possible a more human life for men and women. This restructuring is articulated in terms of the concepts of equality as “participation” or “incorporation” of all individuals into a community, and androgyny.
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Pla-Julián, Isabel, and Jose-Luis Díez. "Equality Plans and Gender Perception in University Students." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2019-0051.
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Abstract Despite the growing interest in the subject, the gender perceptions in the context of university studies have not been sufficiently studied so far. In this contribution, what is being proposed is a practical approach in the Spanish university system assessing the progress regarding the perception of equality among students receiving training on gender perspective in the framework of an Equality Plan. For this purpose, a case study was designed by assessing the progress as regards equality perceptions in the student body of the Universidad de Valencia Estudio General (UVEG). 338 students in grades filled out questionnaires on gender both before (225) and after (113) receiving a course in gender training. Results show Equality Plans with gender training significantly improves gender perception in university students. Academic institutions can play an essential role in ensuring developing Equality Plans with initiatives in education concerning gender equality.
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Daly, Mary. "The Long Road to Gender Equality." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 26, no. 4 (2019): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxz048.
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Abstract This piece reflects upon the significance of The Logics of Gender Justice. I make the case that this is one of the most significant works on the development of women's rights and gender justice. It offers depth of understanding of the policy and politics precipitating or blocking the roll-out of a range of such rights across time and place. Its geographical scope is both global and local. It offers a framework of analysis and a set of empirical insights that will galvanize scholarship, and not just in the field of gender. I am particularly intrigued by the differentiation between class- and status-based gender policies. I can see promise here—especially from a politics perspective—but to my mind this is not a watertight differentiation between policies. The possibility of an intersectional understanding of gender-related rights and policies is also downplayed by the Htun and Weldon's framework on my reading.
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Kapur, Ratna. "GENDER AND THE “FAITH” IN LAW: EQUALITY, SECULARISM, AND THE RISE OF THE HINDU NATION." Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 3 (December 2020): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.42.
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AbstractThis article analyzes how concepts of gender, gender equality, and secularism have been addressed by the higher judiciary in India in cases dealing with matters of religion. The discussion focuses on three landmark decisions of the Indian Supreme Court on gender equality. The cases involve challenges to discriminatory religious practices that target women in the Muslim-minority and Hindu-majority communities. In each case, gender equality is taken up in relation to religion in ways that produce several outcomes for women that are problematic rather than ones that are unequivocally progressive or transformative. The judicial reasoning in each case resonates with the Hindu Right's approach to gender, gender equality, and secularism. Each concept is used to advance the Hindu Right's majoritarian and ideological agenda, which seeks to establish India as a virile “Hindu” nation. Ironically, interventions by progressive groups, including feminist and human rights advocates opposed to the Hindu Right's makeover of the Indian nation, have not proved to be disruptive of gender norms; nor have they pushed back the tides of Hindu (male) majoritarianism that are increasingly determining the terms of engagement on issues of gender and faith in law.
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Freimane, Santa. "Inclusion and Equality in Contemporary Urban Housing: The Case of Riga." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p27.
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The residential environment plays a significant role in a city’s sustainable development. It should also contribute to inclusion and equality in the socio-cultural dimension. Each year in Riga, capital city of Latvia, new residential developments appear. Little is known about how these developments contribute to the overall goal of sustainability, especially in terms of inclusion and equality. This research focuses on several issues related to inclusion and equality in Riga’s 21st century residential developments, with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of current trends as well as possible evolution. Theoretical methods include analysis of urban and architectural plans, legislation, strategies, development programmes and other documented sources. Empirical methods include field studies and the analysis of statistical and sociological data. The major findings indicate that the first steps towards sustainable urbanism have been taken. However, isolation, creation of gated communities, urban fragmentation and segregation have led to a mediocre situation in terms of inclusion and equality. The current situation should be improved in order to increase the quality of life of all citizens and to contribute to the goal of sustainable development. Keywords: residential environment; inclusion and equality; sustainable urbanism; housing developments
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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Svedberg, Douglas. "Gaining international legitimacy by improving women's rights and gender equality : The case of Nicaragua." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402545.
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A reoccurring argument in previous research is that autocracies implement policy changes for women’s rights in order to gain international legitimacy. The idea is that by showing the international community that they are on-board with the global movement to empower women; focus is diverted they from their shortcomings in other democratic aspects. What is left out of the discussion though, is how such legitimization take shape. With help of qualitative content analysis, this thesis aims to investigate whether Nicaragua, an increasingly autocratic state which has implemented policy changes to improve women’s rights and gender equality, has gained international legitimacy in the reports of two different watch dog organizations, Amnesty International and Freedom House, and simultaneously received less criticism for their flaws as a state. The results of the analysis are not straightforward but provides two key findings that suggests that the theory cannot be completely dismissed. The first one is that, by comparing the reports by Freedom House, less criticism is detected simultaneously as the two policy changes are referred to more often in year 2012 compared to year 2011 which supports the theory. The second finding is that the amendments of Comprehensive Violence against Women Law in 2013 is referred to rather differently between Amnesty International and Freedom House, which brings more complexity to this issue. Thus, future research on the subject with similar methodology should analyze data from more than two organizations in order to understand if any view is more common than the other.
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Adams, Ubanesia Lolita. "Promoting gender equality in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape : an appraisal based on perceptions of gender focal persons and the Head of the Western Cape Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52419.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African government has committed itself to the promotion of gender equality in the national constitution and also with the signing and ratifying of regional and international documents. Examples of a regional document is the Southern African Development Community Declaration on Gender and Development and international document the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Beijing Platform for Action. The Gender Machinery in South Africa was created at a national level to promote gender equality on all levels of government through structures on provincial and local government levels. This study focused on the provincial level and more specifically on the gender focal persons and the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape (PAWC). The study was done with the aim to assess progress on the promotion of gender equality in the PAWC. Information was gathered through interviews with members of Gender focal units and the Head of the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality. Interviews were conducted with seven of the nine departments in the Provincial Administration of the Western Cape. Findings on the promotion of gender equality indicate that a long road lies ahead. Limited Progress is seen, however, and can be attributed to the work of dedicated gender focal persons and the Office on the Status of Women for Gender Equality. Specific to the work of dedicated gender focal persons this study finds that within the context of financial and other constraints relating to an absence of specified expectations and a double workload, progress is still made under these circumstances. Based on the findings the following recommendations are made. Firstly, broad scale gender awareness training is required for the personnel of the provincial administration. Secondly, there is a need to develop a job description for gender work and if reasonable to integrate this into the line function of gender focal persons. Thirdly, the gender focal units need to have a specific budget for gender-related work, as this will facilitate planning for gender-related projects. Finally further training is required for the gender focal persons regarding gender mainstreaming and how to translate the goals of gender mainstreaming into action in the respective departments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die regering van Suid Afrika het met die nasionale grondwet, streeks dokumente en internasionale dokumente 'n verbintenis gemaak om geslagsgelykheid te bevorder. Voorbeelde van streeks dokumente is die "Southern African Development Community Declaration on Gender and Development" en internasionale dokumente is die "Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women" en die "Beijing Platform for Action". Nasionale strukture in Suid Afrika is saamgestel om geslagsgelykheid te bevorder op nasionale, provinsiale en plaaslike regerings vlakke. In hierdie studie was die fokus op die provisiale vlak en meer spesifiek die geslags fokus eenhede en die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid in die Provisiale Administrasie van die Weskaap. Hierdie studie is gedoen met die doel om die vordering met betrekking tot geslagsgelykheid te evalueer. Inligting vir ontleding is ingesamel deur middel van onderhoude met geslags fokus persone en die hoof van die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid. Onderhoude was gevoer met verteenwoordigers van sewe uit nege departmente van die provinsiale administrasie. Bevindinge rondom die bevordering van geslagsgelykheid toon dat daar nog 'n lang pad vorentoe is, maar dat daar wel beperkte vordering binne die provisiale administrasie gemaak word. Hierdie vordering kan toegeskryf word aan die werk van vasbeslote geslags fokus persone en die hoof van die Kantoor vir die Status van Vroue vir Geslagsgelykheid. Spesifiek tot die werk van vasbeslote geslags fokus persone wys die studie dat binne finansiële en ander beperkinge daar wel steeds vordering rondom geslagsgelykheid is binne sekere departmente. Gebaseer op die bevindinge word voorgestel dat daar eerstens ten volle bewussmakingssessies oor geslagsgelykheid gehou word vir alle personeel van die administrasie. Tweedens, dat daar 'n posbeskrywing geformuleer word vir mense wat binne die geslags fokus eenhede werk en indien moontlik moet daar gekyk word of dit deel van die lyn funksie van die geslags fokus persone gemaak kan word. Derdens moet dat daar aan die verskeie geslags fokus eenhede 'n begroting gegee word sodat projekte vir die bevordering van geslagsgelykheid beter beplan kan word. Laastens is dit belangrik dat die lede van die geslags fokus eenhede verdere opleiding kry met betrekking tot "gender mainstreaming" en die omskrywing hiervan in spesifike aksies.
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Tunek, Kristin. "Gender Equality as ‘Political Indoctrination’ : A case study on Brazil’s turn towards conservative university policies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79908.
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‘Gender ideology’ is a term used by radical conservative congregations to contemn issues around gender, such as reproductive rights and gender studies, for it is seen as a conspiracy against traditional family values. Congregations that use the term also embrace other forms of anti-gender rhetoric as they aspire to influence decision-makers to adopt policies against gender matters, for instance same-sex marriages and transgender rights. As the discussion of ‘gender ideology’ is spread, campaigns against gender matters evolves. The campaigns are often focusing on whether gender should be discussed within, and be a part of, the education. It is a threat for the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030, which indeed focus on gender equality and quality education. The campaigns are seen all over the world but have become especially successful within South America. In Brazil, the campaign Escola sem Partido, has created a movement against gender and political indoctrination, where the term gender has become a central dispute for what is considered legitimate knowledge. This thesis aims to investigate, through a critical discourse analysis of ‘testimonies’ from Escola sem Partido’s website and through collecting interviews with professors and students at a university in Brazil, the conflict about gender equality. Since the term gender has become a central term of dispute within the discussion of ‘political indoctrination’ at a high level of education. The result of this thesis shows that the perception of gender reflects the perception of one’s education. The view on what is experienced legitimate knowledge determines whether professors are experienced as political or not. It is found within the ‘testimonies’ that professors personal agenda steers the education to involve gender matters when it should not, as gender matters are viewed as political. Moreover, that professors use their classes to systematically instill ideas and attitudes into their students minds. In opposition to this perception, it was found within the interviews that gender matters should be addressed in school. Universities role of promoting tolerance, and the value of engaged professors who allows critical thinking of societal issues, are two important factors for fighting prejudices against minorities, gender and varieties of sexualities and development for gender equality.
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Aitomäki, Astrid. "Is help really helping? : A case study on the Gender-Equality in Afghanistan during the years of increased Humanitarian Aid." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384097.
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The need to save the women of Afghanistan has for years been the focus of multiple international organisations, and through humanitarian aid the world has attempted to achieve this goal. This paper aims to gain an understanding of what it actually has been like to live, as a woman, in Afghanistan during the years of increased humanitarian aid, after the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001. To achieve this, the paper is based on the feminist institutionalist theory combined with previous research. This paper will focus on gaining an understanding of the informal institutions surrounding gender, and also look at empirical data to assess the practical implementation of gender-equality on the ground. To understand if or how the gender-equality has changed in Afghanistan this paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data. The conclusion will show that, even though there is a difficulty in obtaining data from Afghanistan, there has been a positive development for gender-equality on the ground and that there, however, has been little to no change towards gender-equality within gender norms and informal rules.
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Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole. "Building Social Sustainability from the Ground Up: The Contested Social Dimension of Sustainability in Neighborhood-Scale Urban Regeneration in Portland, Copenhagen, and Nagoya." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2330.
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In response to growing social inequality, environmental crises, and economic instability, sustainability discourse has become the dominant "master signifier" for many fields, particularly the field of urban planning. However, in practice many sustainability methods overemphasize technological and economic growth-oriented solutions while underemphasizing the social dimension. The social dimension of sustainability remains a "concept in chaos" drawing little agreement on definitions, domains, and indicators for addressing the social challenges of urban life. In contrast, while the field of public health, with its emphasis on social justice principles, has made significant strides in framing and developing interventions to target the social determinants of health (SDH), this work has yet to be integrated into sustainability practice as a tool for framing the social dimension. Meanwhile, as municipalities move forward with these lopsided efforts at approaching sustainability practice, cities continue to experience gentrification, increasing homelessness, health disparities, and many other concerns related to social inequity, environmental injustice, and marginalization. This research involves multi-site, comparative case studies of neighborhood-scale sustainability planning projects in Portland, U.S.; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Nagoya, Japan to bring to light an understanding of how the social dimension is conceptualized and translated to practice in different contexts, as well as the challenges planners, citizen participants, and other stakeholders encounter in attempting to do so. These case studies find that these neighborhood-scale planning efforts are essentially framing the social dimension in terms of principles of SDH. Significant challenges encountered at the neighborhood-scale relate to political economic context and trade-offs between ideals of social sustainability, such as social inclusion and nurturing a sense of belonging when confronted with diverse neighborhood actors, such as sexually oriented businesses and recent immigrants. This research contributes to urban social sustainability literature and sustainability planning practice by interrogating these contested notions and beginning to create a pathway for integration of SDH principles into conceptualizations of social sustainability.
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Jacobs, Chantal, and Chantal Rowena Jacobs. "Attitudes towards Gender Equality and the Representation of Women in Parliament: A comparative study of South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4053.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although gender equality is evident in many spheres in African countries, the entry of women into political institutions has often been described as slow and unequal. In sub-Saharan African countries this trend is particularly associated with social, cultural and historical barriers within political spheres that hinder gender equality in political leadership and an equal representation of women in parliament. The issues of gender equality and the representation of women in parliament have long been hotly contested debates on the continent and in sub-Saharan African countries more specifically, largely as a result of different cultural heritages and countries‟ being poised at varying phases within the democratic consolidation process. It is necessary to evaluate attitudes towards gender equality in order to determine whether a populace embraces the principles of gender equality. Of equal significance is the evaluation of the percentage of women represented in parliament as an important indicator of whether gender equality is perceived by the populace to be an important principle in practice. In order to gauge the levels of gender equality and the representation of women in parliament in sub-Saharan Africa, this study evaluates attitudes towards gender equality and a number of its dimensions, namely women in leadership positions, equal education and the economic independence of women; it also investigates the representation of women in parliament by examining the actual numbers of women representatives in parliament in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. This in an attempt to determine whether there is a link – either directly or indirectly – between attitudes towards gender equality and the number of women represented in parliament. For comparative purposes the attitudinal patterns and trends towards gender equality, as measured in the World Values Survey 2001, are evaluated amongst respondents in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe. This study also identifies four independent variables, namely gender, level of education, residential status (urban vs. rural) and age in an attempt to explain some of the differences in attitudes towards gender equality between the three samples. iii The main findings include, amongst others, that: the South African sample has by and large the most positive attitudes towards gender equality in comparison to its Ugandan and Zimbabwean counterparts; and that a higher percentage of women are represented in the South African parliament in contrast to Uganda and Zimbabwe. The independent variables prove to be fairly good predictors of the varying attitudes towards gender equality across the three samples. This study concludes that in sub-Saharan Africa positive attitudes towards gender equality can indeed be linked to a higher percentage of women represented in parliament; however, the inverse – that negative attitudes towards gender equality can be linked to low percentages of women represented in parliament – is not substantiated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel geslagsgelykheid sigbaar is in baie sfere in Afrika lande word die toegang van vroue tot politieke instellings dikwels beskryf as stadig en ongelyk. In sub–Sahara Afrika-lande word hierdie neiging in besonder geassosieer met sosiale, kulturele en historiese hindernisse binne politieke instellings wat geslagsgelykheid in politieke leierskap en gelyke verteenwoordiging van vroue in die parlement belemmer. Die kwessie rondom geslagsgelykheid en die verteenwoordiging van vroue in die parlement is ʼn sterk debat op die Afrika kontinent en meer spesifiek in sub-Sahara Afrika-lande, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van verskillende kulturele tradisies en verskille in die fases van demokratisering. Dit is nodig om die houdings ten opsigte van geslagsgelykheid te evalueer om te bepaal of ʼn bevolking die beginsels van geslagsgelykheid aanvaar. Hiermee saam is die evaluering van die persentasie van vroue verteenwoordiging in die parlement ʼn belangrik aanwyser van die feit dat geslagsgelykheid deur die bevolking as ʼn belangrike beginsel beskou word. Ten einde die vlakke van geslagsgelykheid en die verteenwoordiging van vroue in die parlemente in sub-Sahara Afrika te meet, bespreek hierdie studie die houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid en ʼn aantal van sy dimensies, naamlik vroue in leierskap posisies, gelyke opvoeding en die ekonomiese onafhanklikheid van vroue. Dit bestudeer ook die vroue verteenwoordiging in die parlemente in Suid-Afrika, Uganda en Zimbabwe. Hierdie studie poog verder om te bepaal of daar ʼn verbintenis - direk of indirek - bestaan tussen die houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid en die aantal vroue verteenwoordigers in die parlemente van die lande onder bespreking. Die studie se doel is om vas te stel of positiewe houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid verbind kan word met ʼn hoër persentasie van vroulike verteenwoordigers in die parlement. Vir vergelykende doeleindes, is die houdingspatrone en neigings teenoor geslagsgelykheid, soos gemeet in die die Wêreld Waardes Opname, ondersoek tussen die respondente in Suid-Afrika, Uganda en Zimbabwe. Die studie identifiseer ook vier onafhanklike veranderlikes, naamlik geslag, opvoedingvlak, woongebied (stedelik vs plattelands) asook ouderdom, in ʼn poging om sommige van die verskille in houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid tussen die drie lande te verduidelik. v Die vernaamste bevindings sluit onder meer in dat: Suid-Afrika by verre die sterkste positiewe houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid het in vergelyking met Uganda en Zimbabwe; en, dat daar ʼn hoër persentasie van vroue verteenwoordiging in die Suid-Afrikaanse parlement is, in vergelyking met Uganda en Zimbabwe. Die onafhanlike veranderlikes blyk redelike goeie voorspellers te wees van die verskille in houdings teenoor geslagsykheid regoor die drie lande. Die studie kom tot gevolgtrekking dat binne hierdie drie lande, positiewe houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid verbind kan word met ʼn hoër persentasie van verteenwoordiging van vroue in die parlement, maar dat die teenoorgestelde - dat negatiewe houdings teenoor geslagsgelykheid verbind kan word met ʼn laer persentasie van verteenwoordiging van vroue in parlement – nie ondersteuning in die data kry nie.
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Ketonen, Ida E. "Gender Equality as an Idea and Practice - A Case Study of an Office at the United Nations Headquarters." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150357.
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Achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls, is one of the United Nations (UN) core objectives. However, the UN has been struggling with achieving gender balance in its own organisation, despite numerous attempts. Men have been in numerical dominance at the UN since inception, especially on senior positions. This case study takes place just months after the System-wide strategy for gender parity was launched by Secretary-General Guterres. It captures the initial reactions through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five women working in one UN body at the UN Headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. Through these stories and experiences, this thesis aims to analyse the UN as a gendered organisation, focusing on organisational structure and culture. I argue that gendered processes of the organisational structure and culture preserve the male-dominance by having including effects on men and excluding effects on women. In this thesis I use gendered processes (Acker 1992), combined with post-structural policy analysis (Bacchi 2009) and complex systems theory (Ramalingam 2013), as analytical tools to show how equality is constructed and understood as an idea and in practice.
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Lundin, Jenny. "Finns det något positivt med positiv särbehandling? : A case study of the progress of equality of the sexes in the Swedish armed forces." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1604.
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The aim and purpose of this paper is to identify and investigate the effects of affirmative action as a tool to improve the equality of the sexes in a male dominated organisation such as the Swedish armed forces. The study takes a qualitative approach, using feminist theory as a point of departure. Primarily socially based differences between men and women are identified and the resistance towards change is taken into account.
To understand the impact of affirmative action I have observed the political debate on the subject and contrasted it to the ongoing debate from within the armed forces. Extensive interviews have been held with both men and women from varying ranks and ages to understand what the overall opinion of the method is.
My results show that there is a widespread animosity towards affirmative action as a method of improving equality. Both in the political debate and within the organisation in question. It is perceived as a method that rather compromises the balance and the equality that already exists in the Swedish armed forces, since women can be accepted on lower merits than men.
The theoretical framework helps us to understand both the reaction towards the first women that were allowed into the organisation and the response to the latest efforts taken in improving the equality between the sexes.
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Pontén, Rebecca. ""It's Complicated" The Relationship Between Islam and Gender Equality. : A Comparative Case Study of the Developments of Family Codes in the two Muslim States Tunisia and Algeria." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373494.
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This paper takes a critical stance to the conventional thinking about the relationship between Islam and gender equality in a functional idea analysis on the family codes in Algeria and Tunisia. With two different outcomes in spite of their historical and cultural similarities, this paper seeks to understand the developments from neo-colonial and Islamic feminist perspectives. The analysis investigates three variables brought from these theories: militarization, anti-westernism and Islamic law interpretation, and their possible effect on the shaping of the family code. By applying them to the historical, cultural and social contexts of the countries and comparing them to each other, the conclusion is made that all of the variables could be used to understand the family code-outcomes. This results in a hypothesized causal mechanism which can be tested on other muslim states, when seeking to understand differences in institutionalized gender equality around the world.
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Mikkola, Julia. "Women Empowered in their Vulnerability : An In-depth Case Study about the Framing of Gender in the EU’s Development Cooperation with Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434270.
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The overall aim of this master’s thesis is to increase our understanding about the framing of gender in EU’s development policies. To reflect to this aim, the thesis examines how gender is framed in EU’s development cooperation with Ethiopia in the governance sector. The EU is collectively the biggest donor for international aid in the world, while claiming to be “a global front-runner” in promoting gender equality as a key political objective of its external action. However, previous research has criticized the EU’s gender policies, explaining that gender is not mainstreamed in all the policies and that gender equality is often motivated on instrumentalist arguments. The previous research is however somewhat outdated, lacking the consideration of effects of the SDG’s and the improved gender equality policies by the EU. Previous studies are furthermore mostly concerned with country comparisons and therefore selecting one field of study and one country could shed light to matters that may have been left unnoticed in previous research. Therefore, based on previous research and theories focusing on gender equality and development, WID and GAD, this study analyses how the EU is framing gender. This study is designed as an in-depth case study which uses a frame analysis and interviews as a method to study the research question. The main findings of this study are that both references to WID and GAD framing of gender are actively used in EU’s development policies. Even though these approaches are contradictory in many ways they seem to be overlapping in several cases, presenting women as a vulnerable group that needs to be empowered. Arguments for WID approach include instrumentalist arguments, women seen ass add-ons’ to the development structures, women seen as a vulnerable and homogenized group and the effects of the girl effect. Arguments supporting GAD approach include women’s rights framing, patriarchal system framing, women’s empowerment framing and the social justice framing.
Books on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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1941-, Claire Hilary, Maybin Janet 1950-, and Swann Joan, eds. Equality matters: Case studies from the primary school. Clevedon [England]: Multilingual Matters, 1993.
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Schade, Angelika. Der Weg zur Gleichheit: Thesen und Daten zum Abbau sozialer Ungleichheiten. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1987.
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editor, Frankson Joan Ross, and Editors4change Limited, eds. Advancing gender equality: Case studies from across the Commonwealth. London, United Kingdom: The Commonwealth, 2016.
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Schuerkens, Ulrike. Globalization and transformations of social inequality. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010.
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Ahmed, Naeem. Gender inequality and trade liberalization: A case study of Pakistan. [Karachi]: Social Policy and Development Centre, 2007.
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Project, York Region Public Health Adolescent Participatory Research. Creating hope and a new generation of equality. [Toronto?: s.n., 1992.
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Bent, Greve, ed. What constitutes a good society? New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.
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Zanier, Justo. Criterios de justicia en la distribución y asignación de recursos en salud: Un estudio de campo en la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Mar del Plata: Ediciones Suárez, 2000.
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Organization, World Health, and Public Health Agency of Canada., eds. Health equity through intersectoral action: An analysis of 18 country case studies. [Ottawa]: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008.
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Ravi, Kanbur S. M., Venables Anthony, and World Institute for Development Economics Research., eds. Spatial inequality and development. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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Corcoran, Sally Anne. "Case Studies." In Gender Equality in UN Peacekeeping, 105–13. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032642123-4.
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Baghurst, Timothy M., and Anthony Parish. "The Importance of Athlete Equality." In Case Studies in Coaching Ethics, 80–84. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003375449-20.
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Harris, Alison. "6. Action planning; Evaluation; Case studies; Some useful quotations; Sample workshop agenda; Conclusion." In Disability, Equality and Human Rights, 277–328. UK and Ireland: Oxfam Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855987046.006.
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Rahaman, Muhammad Mustafizur. "Social Justice in the Gulf States: A Case in Qatar." In Gulf Studies, 91–111. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7796-1_6.
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AbstractSocial justice continues to construct important agenda for discussion due to its role in addressing the problems of inequality and ensuring the rights of equality of employment and health. This chapter addresses social justice cases in Qatar by highlighting the new measures taken by Qatari Government in ensuring migrants’ rights and healthcare provisions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This chapter reports that Qatar has ensured a high form of social justice by vaccinating more than 99% of its residents. Qatar has also achieved some successes in promoting social justice through pioneering reforms in labor sector. Apart from visionary political leadership, robust judicial process, consolidation of social development institutions, and client-focused health policy and services have been instrumental in boosting up social justice.
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Daud, Jumerti, Dwia A. T. Pulubuhu, and Hasniati Hasniati. "Gender Equality for Women’s Poverty Alleviation: Case Study in Maluku Province." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Multidisciplinary Studies (ICoMSi 2023), 447–57. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-228-6_37.
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Suzano, Carolina, Susana Paixão, João Figueiredo, and Ana Ferreira. "Gender (In)Equality in the Labor Market: A Case Study of the Environmental Health Professionals." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 283–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12547-8_24.
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Marnef, Guido. "An Experiment of Social Equality?: The Case of the Calvinist Republic in Antwerp (1577-1585)." In Studies in European Urban History (1100-1800), 183–97. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.seuh-eb.5.120445.
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Guney, Gizem, Po-Han Lee, and David Davies. "Conclusion." In Towards Gender Equality in Law, 227–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98072-6_12.
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AbstractThis book started off its analysis with the promise of finding out whether states, which were handled by the contributors, present similarities or differences in the way that they fail in achieving gender equality. As demonstrated in each chapter, the states have taken progressive measures in addressing gender inequality over the last few decades, yet challenges and backlashes remain. Discriminatory legal practices and social norms are still pervasive; women and sexual and gender minorities continue to face unequal treatment, prejudice and violence. On this final note, by drawing upon the case studies presented in each chapter, we aim to bring together the patterns that the states present in how and why they fail in achieving gender equality. We observe that there are four overarching reasons why the states studied in this book fall short in bringing justice to gendered matters: (1) the states’ tolerance of friction and ambiguity in laws, (2) the states’ inertia in fully pursuing a human rights-based approach, (3) the states’ oversight of intersecting marginalisation of women as well as sexual and gender minorities and (4) the states’ problematic approaches towards gender-based violence. Each of these themes will be discussed in turn below.
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Kalm, Sara, and Anna Meeuwisse. "The Moral Dimension of Countermovements: The Case of Anti-Feminism." In Nonprofit and Civil Society Studies, 291–314. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_13.
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AbstractThe aim of the chapter is to develop an analytical framework for studying the moral dimension of countermovements, which despite obvious significance for movement mobilization is rarely considered in countermovement theory. We argue that Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition can be used to develop an analytical framework that allows for grasping not only the moral dimension of struggles between social movements and countermovements but also moral divisions within countermovements. According to Honneth, social struggles stem from perceived misrecognition in relation to a set of moral meta-values that form the basis of legitimate claims in Western society: love, equality, and achievement. These meta-values can be understood differently in concrete areas of political struggle, and activists from different camps tend to make quite different interpretations. With this approach, it is possible to analyze countermovements’ moral claims in relation to social movements’ societal values and norms, and whether and how different strands within a countermovement make different types of moral claims.We demonstrate the usefulness of the analytical framework by applying it to the division between feminism and anti-feminism and the division between varieties of anti-feminism (the Christian Right movement, the mythopoetic men’s movement, the men’s rights movement, and the manosphere). What emerges is a picture of the interrelationship between feminism and anti-feminism that is more complex than the common designation of progressive versus reactionary movements. It is clear that the different strands of anti-feminism relate morally in partly different ways to feminism. They all react against what is understood as misrecognition of men as a result of feminism, but the types of moral claims and their specific emphasis on them vary.
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Idriz, Narin. "The Principle of Equality as Part of the Constitutional Foundations of the Union: A Case Study." In Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation, 297–323. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04102-0_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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Hunga, Arianti, and Tundjung Mahatma. "Capturing Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) Initiative in Indonesia: Case Studies in Higher Education." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Gender Equality and Ecological Justice, GE2J 2019, 10-11 July 2019, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-7-2019.2298871.
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Trigueiros, Paula. "Freedom, equality, identity: the Right to Design." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001963.
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When advocating for typically excluded groups in society, it is common for arguments to invoke general principles of universality and equality, referring to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to other instrumental documents of a developed society. Considering the wide scope of design fields and its influence on products, services for our quality of life, we can perceive the power and responsibility of design in the observance of those principles. The proposed argument will be categorized according to three perspectives. First, Design as a noun: by enriching the markets for products and services that meet people’s expectations and needs, design is promoting freedom of choice. The second, Design as a verb, is about processes of promoting the right (of people with disabilities) to self-determination and to active and informed participation in decision-making and creation processes. Third, Design as a theme acknowledges designers’ powers and emphasizes their social responsibilities, as activists of change. This paper offers a reflection on the different contributions and responsibilities of Design in promoting fundamental rights such as dignity, freedom of choice, and the right to personal identity of diverse audiences. This article is therefore a manifesto for the Right to Design, drawing on relevant literature, practical experiences, and case studies.
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Were, Pamella, Frances Ferreira, and Betty Ogange. "Mainstreaming Gender and Inclusion in Distance Learning Resources: A Case Study." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.1556.
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Studies have shown that gender imbalances and biased gender representations are common in materials used in educational systems throughout the world. Learning resources for Open and Distance Learning programmes are, potentially, a powerful tool for reinforcing gender stereotypes, thereby perpetuating gender inequalities through education. This paper reports the methodology and results of a gender analysis of Environmental Education resources offered as part of a distance learning programme by a COL partner institution in Nigeria. A review of the written curriculum was conducted to determine the level of gender responsiveness of the programme, with a view to determining conformity to minimum standards stipulated in international best practice and promoting gender equality as a fundamental dimension of inclusivity for sustainable development. An analytical framework using both quantitative and qualitative instruments was applied to the resources to determine both subtle and more obvious expressions of gender disparities and biases, as well as to determine examples of good practice that promote gender equality and empowerment. The paper reports the results of the analysis and proposes ways to integrate gender responsive pedagogical methods in distance learning resources, for inclusion and sustainable development. Results indicate program has great potential for gender mainstreaming.
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Robu, Mariana. "Understanding Gender-Based Wage Discrimination in the Republic of Moldova." In International Scientific Conference ”Development Through Research and Innovation - 2023”, 4nd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/dri2023.02.
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This paper aims to analyse the legal framework surrounding gender-based wage discrimination in the Republic of Moldova. The Republic of Moldova has made significant progress in promoting gender equality and fighting discrimination, particularly through ratifying international conventions and adopting national legislation that mandates equal pay for equal work. However, despite these efforts, gender-based wage discrimination persists in various sectors and industries. This paper examines the legal instruments in place to address this issue, including the Constitution, labor laws, and international agreements. Furthermore, it explores the challenges in enforcing these laws and identifies potential gaps that hinder effective implementation. Through a comprehensive review of relevant legal provisions and case studies, this paper sheds light on the extent of gender-based wage discrimination in Moldova and provides recommendations to improve the legal framework and its enforcement mechanisms. Ultimately, understanding the legal framework is crucial for fostering gender equality and creating an inclusive society where all individuals can have access to fair and equitable employment opportunities.
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McCann, Brennan S., Morad Nazari, and Firdaus Udwadia. "Analysis of Inequality Constraints Without Using Lagrange Multipliers With Applications to Classical Dynamical Systems." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94362.
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Abstract The fundamental equation of mechanics (FEM) for constrained motion analysis provides a way to obtain control accelerations necessary to satisfy some set of holonomic or non-holonomic constraints. The methodology provides the control necessary to either perfectly satisfy or minimize the error in all the constraints and does not require computation of Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, this framework is capable of addressing various types of constraints, and can treat systems that are under-, fully-, or over-constrained, conveniently. The FEM formulation has most commonly been applied to a variety of classes of equality constraints. Some attempts at extending this approach to inequality constraints have been presented in the literature, including applying slack variables to provide freedom in the constraint and diffeomorphisms to map equality constraints to bounded spaces. However, these approaches have different associated advantages and drawbacks. In order to bridge the benefits of both methodologies and mitigate their issues, this work proposes a treatment of holonomic inequality constraints within the framework of the FEM wherea class of functions built on the error and Gaussian distribution functions is leveraged to treat inequality constraints on several classical dynamical case studies. The proposed technique is applied to several classes of holonomic, solitary or one-sided inequalities, and bounding inequalities for a spring-mass-damper, an inverted pendulum, and an inverted pendulum on a cart, illustrating this approach’s broad applicability to mechanical systems.
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Schiffbänker, Helene. "Implementing ‘Gender in Research’ as Inclusive Excellence Indicator – Practices in peer review panels." In 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023). 27th International Conference on Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (STI 2023), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55835/64425f1ea45f9765a1e48751.
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Research funding organisations (RFOs) are key actors for guiding and reforming the assessment of grant applications. To mitigate gender bias, many RFOs have various policies in place. But how are formal gender equality policies implemented in practice by peer review panels? We analyse how one policy, incorporating the sex and gender dimension in research content and innovation (GiRI), is assessed in practice. Case studies were conducted in selected national RFOs which have implemented GiRI as an element of excellence. Data was collected through panel observations and interviews with staff and reviewers. By bringing in the reviewers’ perspective, we gain insights into how they perceive and discuss this excellence indicator, can identify various assessment practices and ultimately contribute to ongoing discussions on reconstructing excellence and fostering inclusiveness in science. The practical experiences might help RFOs to establish appropriate indicators to measure and monitor progress and fine-tune the policy.
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Mijatović, Tatjana. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY CASE STUDIES." In VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY. SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/sibvirarch-005.
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Conservation of cultural heritage requires a critical understanding of the significance, condition, and complexity of a place. Documentation is an essential element in building this understanding. It is a critical component of the conservation planning process and provides a long-term foundation for the monitoring, maintenance, and management of a site. Equally important, good documentation ensures that knowledge of heritage places will be passed onto future generations. Good conservation of our cultural heritage is based on informed decisions. The information needed to make these decisions is, in part, obtained through the use of documentation and recording tools. Knowledge of these tools and their use is readily available; however, many of the decision makers are unaware, uninformed, or unconvinced of their benefits. Several reasons for this include a misunderstanding of the tools and techniques or intimidation by technology or language. There is no universally accepted definition of photogrammetry.
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Azad, Saeed, and Michael J. Alexander-Ramos. "Reliability-Based MDSDO for Co-Design of Stochastic Dynamic Systems." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10632.
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Abstract Optimization of dynamic engineering systems requires an integrated approach that accounts for the coupling between embodiment design and control system design, simultaneously. Generally known as combined design and control (co-design) optimization, these methods offer superior system performance and reduced costs. Despite the widespread use of co-design approaches in the literature, not much work has been done to address the issue of uncertainty in co-design problem formulations. This is problematic as all engineering models contain some level of uncertainty that might negatively affect the systems performance, if overlooked. While in our previous study we developed a robust co-design approach, a more rigorous evaluation of probabilistic constraints is required to obtain the targeted reliability levels for probabilistic constraints. Therefore, we propose and implement a novel stochastic co-design approach based on the principles of reliability-based design optimization (RBDO). In particular, a reliability-based, multidisciplinary dynamic system design optimization (RB-MDSDO) formulation is developed using the sequential optimization and reliability assessment (SORA) algorithm, such that the dynamic equality constraints are satisfied at the mean values of random variables, as well as their most probable points (MPPs). The proposed approach is then implemented for two case studies to indicate the impact of including reliability measures in co-design formulations.
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Cavalcante de Melo, Thamyres, and Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de Castro. "Affirmative action and justice policies: an analysis of the understanding of law course students about the legal reservation of places for access to higher education." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212440.
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Affirmative actions reflect the ideal of achieving equal opportunities and represent the realization of cultural transformations in order to reduce the effects of historically accumulated inequalities. Such actions are capableof implementing greater representation of minority groups in the most diverse domains of public and private activity. In the case of quotas instituted to guarantee minority access to higher education, the reservation of places is one of the forms of social justice that tries to guarantee a minimum level of education for the most disadvantaged, trying to compensate and equalize the opportunities for access to education. This research aimed to analyze the perception of students in the ISECENSA Law course about the affirmative action policy, with an emphasis on the quota modality that promotes the legal reserve of places for the so-called “minorities”. Therefore, the methodology used was qualiquantitative and had as its starting point the bibliographical review to situate the quota policy as an object in the field of socio-legal studies. Documentary analysis of laws on the subject was carried out, as well as field research, through which the questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to verify the position of ISECENSA law students on the quota policy and to identify whether the students understand the meaning of the quota policy. Thus, 115 questionnaires were applied to students from the 1st to the 5th period of the Isecensa Law course and the data collected showed the students' concern with Social Justice, even with the initial lack of knowledge about the concept of “affirmative action”. In this way, it was possible to analyze the perception of law students at ISECENSA regarding the quota policy and also to promote awareness of the reasons and effects of the implementation of that policy. It is expected then, to contribute to the humanization of educational institutions by encouraging diversity in order to build a society that respects difference, seeking to achieve peace and equality
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Azad, Saeed, and Michael J. Alexander-Ramos. "Robust MDSDO for Co-Design of Stochastic Dynamic Systems." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85855.
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Optimization of dynamic engineering systems generally requires problem formulations that account for the coupling between embodiment design and control system design simultaneously. Such formulations are commonly known as combined optimal design and control (co-design) problems, and their application to deterministic systems is well-established in the literature through a variety of methods. However, an issue that has not been addressed in the co-design literature is the impact of the inherent uncertainties within a dynamic system on its integrated design solution. Accounting for these uncertainties transforms the standard, deterministic co-design problem into a stochastic one, thus requiring appropriate stochastic optimization approaches for its solution. This paper serves as the starting point for research on stochastic co-design problems by proposing and solving a novel problem formulation based on robust design optimization (RDO) principles. Specifically, a co-design method known as multidisciplinary dynamic system design optimization (MDSDO) is used as the basis for a RDO problem formulation and implementation. The robust objective and inequality constraints are computed per usual as functions of their first-order-approximated means and variances, whereas analysis-based equality constraints are evaluated deterministically at the means of the random decision variables. The proposed stochastic co-design problem formulation is then implemented for two case studies, with the results indicating a significant impact of the robust approach on the integrated design solutions and performance measures.
Reports on the topic "Equality – case studies"
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Niesten, Hannelore. Taxation and Gender in Asia and the Pacific: A Review of Gender Equality Provisions in Fiscal Legal Frameworks. Asian Development Bank, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230271-2.
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Tax systems and policies in the Asia and Pacific region contribute to—or hinder—gender equality in several socioeconomic dimensions, including labor force participation and the distribution of income and household unpaid care. This report assesses key aspects of fiscal policies and legislation that affect gender equality by establishing a comprehensive baseline of reliable legal and tax information, supported by economy-specific case studies. It emphasizes the need for further gender analysis and underscores the potential of tax policies to drive desired socioeconomic outcomes, enhance labor force participation, and mitigate the widening gender gaps resulting from these factors.
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Tadros, Mariz, ed. What About Us? Global Perspectives on Redressing Religious Inequalities. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.005.
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How can we make religious equality a reality for those on the margins of society and politics? This book is about the individual and collective struggles of the religiously marginalised to be recognised and their inequalities, religious or otherwise, redressed. It is also about the efforts of civil society, governments, multilateral actors, and scholars to promote freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) whatever shape they take. The actors and contexts that feature in this book are as diverse as health workers in Israel, local education authorities in Nigeria, indigenous movements in India, Uganda, or South Africa, and multilateral actors such as the Islamic Development Bank in Sudan and the World Bank in Pakistan. Some of the case studies engage with development discourses and narratives or are undertaken by development actors, while other cases operate completely outside the international development paradigm. These case studies present some important insights, which while highly relevant for their contexts also draw out important insights for academics, practitioners, activists, and others who have an interest in redressing religious inequalities for socioeconomically marginalised populations.
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Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.
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Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
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Carter, Becky. Analysing Intersecting Social Inequalities in Crisis Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.003.
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Analysis of intersecting social inequalities is key to effective, inclusive interventions in crisis settings. Gender equality and social inclusion analytical frameworks provide key research questions and participatory methodologies which seek to understand: Who is excluded? How are they excluded? Why are they excluded? What can be done to address this and support greater inclusion? There is a focus on underlying power dynamics, drivers of marginalisation, and entry points for external support. This rapid review presents a summary of relevant analytical frameworks and good practice for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings. The focus is on how to undertake contextual analysis of the vulnerabilities and needs of people in crises that are shaped by overlapping and compounding social inequalities, arising from discrimination based on gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression and sex characteristics, ethnicity and religion (among other identifiers). The review draws on and presents prior research that identified relevant analytical frameworks, learning and key resources on how to undertake this type of analysis, through a rapid literature search and input by key experts. It summarises a range of frameworks relevant for analysing intersecting social inequalities in crisis settings, developed for various development, humanitarian and peacebuilding objectives. It was harder to find published learning from undertaking this analysis that focuses specifically on crisis settings, but it was possible to draw findings from some individual case studies as well as relevant summaries of learning presented in the analytical frameworks and other guidance materials.
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Oosterhoff, Pauline, and Raudah M. Yunus. The Effects of Social Assistance Interventions on Gender, Familial and Household Relations Among Refugees and Displaced Populations: A Review of the Literature on Interventions in Syria, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.011.
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This literature review aims to explore the evidence on the effects of social assistance on gender, familial, and household relations and power dynamics among refugees and (internally) displaced populations in Syria, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon. It examines the findings from an intersectional gender perspective allowing the authors to build on the knowledge of ‘what works’ in interventions in general and hopefully improve gender equality and social inclusion. Out of 1,564 papers initially identified and screened, 22 were included in the final stage. A question that emerged as the papers were analysed was whether the arduous work of targeting individuals was efficient or necessary, given that the available evidence suggests that beneficiaries generally tend to share their stipend with other family members for the collective good. Most studies tended to conflate gender with women and girls – making distinctions between widowed, married, unmarried and divorced women – but ignoring other dimensions such as class, health status, religion, ethnicity, education, prior work experience, political affiliation, and civil participation. Many programmes and research fail to disaggregate data. Social assistance programmes focus on individuals and households, with little attention to the wider context and overall conflict. Most studies paid negligible attention to familial infrastructures and strategies for sustainable interventions. Access to, and use of, cash transfers are part of broader familial strategies to mobilise or increase resources including, for example, (male) migration in pursuit of remittances, or (female) dependency on ‘community charity’. Short-term cash transfers can, in some circumstances, disrupt individuals’ and families’ access to more sustainable income or ‘charity’. Thus, important questions are raised about the purpose of social assistance: does it aim to preserve or transform families through targeting?
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Occhiali, Giovanni, Doris Akol, and Philip M. Kargbo. ICT and Tax Administration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adopting ITAS in Uganda and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.014.
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The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector, including for tax administration, has been hailed as potentially transformational over the last few decades. Its impact has been less far-reaching than imagined. A literature examining the determinants of – and obstacles to – ICT adoption arose as a result, almost exclusively focusing on the experience of high-income countries. However, understanding the experience of adoption in low-income countries is equally important, especially given the potential role that ICTs can play in tackling various development issues, including increasing mobilisation of domestic revenue. To help fill this gap, we present two in-depth case studies of the process of adopting an integrated tax administration system (ITAS) in Uganda and Sierra Leone, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the respective revenue authorities and ministries of finance. Our analysis shows that many of the factors that facilitate and impede the adoption process are the same as those identified in high-income countries. However, we also identify some factors that are more likely to be relevant for low-income countries. These include the impact of the timeline for disbursing donor funding, the processes donors require to be used for procurement, and the quality of legacy data to be migrated into the new system. The need to embark on change management and re-engineering business processes was also recognised more fully than might have been expected in countries with relatively little prior experience in e-government services.
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Gender Equality Through the Arts Executive summary and Case Studies. VicHealth, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37309/2022.mw1046.
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Practical Responses to Real Problems: Eight Poverty Reduction Cases from the Asian Development Bank, Volume 2. Asian Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr220278-2.
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This publication presents eight case studies of recent ADB projects that highlight innovative interventions and effective approaches to reduce poverty. The case studies include projects in Bangladesh, the Cook Islands, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, and the People’s Republic of China. Together they focus on four themes: ensuring equality and inclusion, caring for the environment, securing food for all, and sustaining prosperity through access to finance. The publication builds on the first volume of poverty reduction case studies published in 2019.
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Gender Equality and Disability Inclusion: Guidelines to Address the Specific Needs of Women and Girls with Disabilities. Asian Development Bank, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim240217-2.
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This publication looks at barriers faced by many women and girls living with disabilities in Asia and the Pacific. It provides guidance on inclusive approaches to project and program design, implementation, monitoring, and review. The publication outlines how development work can recognize, respect, and incorporate the voices and lived experiences of women and girls with disabilities. Drawing on case studies and covering diverse sectors, it explores how adopting social and rights-based models that recognize barriers to participation can make development strategies more effective.
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Relationship Between ‘Civil Society’ and ‘Democratic Freedoms’. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.086.
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Notwithstanding the point that definitions of ‘civil society’ and ‘democracy’ are themselves actively debated, this rapid review defines democracy as ‘liberal democracy’, which goes beyond elections to include liberal components such as equality before the law, individual liberties, rule of law, and independent judiciary and legislature that constrains the executive (Grahn and Lührmann, 2020, p.8). Civil society is defined as “an organizational layer of the polity that lies between the state and private life composed of voluntary associations of people joined together in common purpose” (Coppedge et al. 2016, p.413). Thus, this rapid review seeks to find out what evidence is there on the relationship between civil society and democratic freedoms? The overall sense from the vast array of literature that looks at the relationship between civil society and democratic freedoms is that civil society is important for democracy, but there is no “automatic flow” from one to the other. Rather, the relationship is contingent on the nature of civil society, in addition to other dynamic, context-specific factors. Most of the evidence found during this rapid review was in studies that break down this broad topic into smaller sub-questions. They tended to be case studies that look at specific elements of ‘democratic freedoms’ (e.g., human rights, or anti-corruption), focus on specific countries, or were related to specific mechanisms (e.g., collective action) or processes (e.g., democratic regression). Each of these sub-topics is itself a large and contested area of research. According to some scholars, these case studies are overwhelmingly positive about civil society’s relationship to liberal democratic norms and practices. Some studies show that democratic regression occurs where the demands of a highly mobilised civil society cannot be effectively channelled by the party system or occur in contexts characterised by ethnic and regional differences or socio-economic inequalities.