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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Equal Employment Opportunities'
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1
Lam, Alice. "Equal employment opportunities for Japanese women : changing company practice." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/126/.
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The central aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the growing pressures for equal opportunity between the sexes has forced Japanese companies to adapt and modify their employment and personnel management practices in recent years. It analyses the major social and economic factors prompting Japanese companies to adopt more open employment policies towards women since the mid-1970s and the change programmes introduced by management. The thesis especially looks at how companies have reacted to the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law and in the light of this considers how far the present legislation will bring about fundamental changes in the Japanese employment system towards more egalitarian treatment of women workers. A detailed case study was conducted at Seibu Department Stores Ltd., both before and after the introduction of the EEO Law, as a critical test of the possibility of introducing equal opportunities for women in a large Japanese company. Seibu was chosen because it is a big employer of women and is a company operating in an industry which has strong economic and- commercial incentives to offer women better career opportunities. All the more important, Seibu is regarded as a 'leading edge' company in personnel management reforms. The study reveals that despite many economic and social reasons that were in favour of change towards greater sexual equality in Seibu, and especially after the introduction of the EEO Law, change towards more egalitarian treatment of women has been very limited. This study illustrates the depth of the resistance to change in the core employment practices in large Japanese companies. The present EEO Law has little potential for undermining the structural mechanisms which perpetúate sexual job segregation in the employment system. The final part of the thesis speculates on the future prospects of introducing equal opportunities for women in Japanese companies. In the light of the present socio-legal constraints, the author puts forward a number of practical policy suggestions for engendering more pervasive long-term changes towards equal employment for Japanese women.
2
Woodhams, Carol Anne Cruttenden. "Disability, equality and employment - on whose terms?" Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284865.
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Gregory, Jeanne. "Discrimination, employment and the law : a study of judicial and administrative procedures with special reference to the 1975 Sex Discrimination Act." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294282.
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Duckworth, Stephen Charles. "Disability and equality in employment : the imperative for a new approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295608.
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You, Winnie. "Does Patriarchy Still Exist? An Examination of Equal Employment Opportunities in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/643.
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Since the 1970s, major changes in reproductive freedom, education, and the passage of equal employment laws have impacted women’s experience in the workplace. My thesis is a US-based study that examines the progress of women’s equal employment opportunities from the 1970s to today. Chapter 1 provides the context of discrimination in the 1970s. Chapter 2 provides detailed literature reviews on reproductive freedom and education separately. Section 2.1 shows the relationship between reproductive freedom and increased labor force participation. Section 2.2 finds that higher levels of education encourage women to seek employment in traditionally male-dominant positions. Section 2.3 adds alternative explanations to women’s increased labor force participation rate, such as the aftermath of WWII and changing social attitudes. Chapter 3 gives an overview of women in management in the United States. Section 3.1 examines the history of equal employment laws and how they are subsequently enforced. Chapter 3.2 explains why women in the United States today are still victims of the glass ceiling. Chapter 3.3 compares the status of women in higher management as well as policy trends (maternity leave, childcare subsidization) between the United States and other countries. Chapter 3 draws models from other countries and shows how female management in developed Asian countries successfully included women in top management over time. Chapter 4 is the conclusion of my thesis. Section 4.1 concludes that the United States has a long way to go to achieve truly equal employment opportunities. Section 4.2 provides suggestions and directions for future research.
6
McVittie, Christopher D. "The 'age' of diversity and equal opportunities in employment : new discrimination against older workers?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23116.
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There exists a considerable body of evidence to suggest that older workers are increasingly being excluded from the workplace in the UK and elsewhere. Commonly, such exclusions are viewed as being due, at least in part, to the use of discriminatory practices by employers towards older workers and jobseekers. Many previous writers have sought to explain age discrimination in employment as the result of the cognitive biases of individual employers (e.g. Warr & Pennington, 1993) or as the outcome of inequitable social structures which favour younger workers over older workers (e.g. Phillipson, 1982). Recent measures promoted by the UK Government to address age discrimination in the workplace (DfEE, 1999) have accordingly rested on the promotion to employers of the principles of diversity and equal opportunities in employment. Drawing on work which has examined the explanatory power of age itself (Bodily, 1991; 1994) and on recent work within discursive psychology, I argue in this Thesis that age diversity and equal opportunities in employment can be usefully understood as discursive resources available to and used by participants within everyday social interaction. Adopting such a perspective allows discrimination against older workers to be viewed as ongoing social practice. Here, I analyse data obtained from written equal opportunities policies of employers, from focus groups and from interviews conducted with employers and older jobseekers. Employers, while making claims which appear to be inclusive of workers in general and older workers in particular, describe their workforce and recruitment practices within reference to the numbers of older workers employed. When challenged, they account for the apparent marginalisation of older workers within their organisations in terms of factors outwith their control and in ways which make such practices less visible and less open to public scrutiny.
7
Guillory, Tierra. "Determining the Influence of Business Ethics on Hiring Practices, Compensation Packages, and Equal Employment Opportunities." Thesis, California Southern University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284348.
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In Nevada, 300 Big-box store employees had distinct opinions regarding hiring practices, compensation, and equal employment opportunities. This study focused on the examination of the role of business ethics, an integral part of the business environment, as it pertains to hiring practices, compensation, and equal employment opportunities. The study examined how people within an organization use and practice business ethics in hiring and promotion decisions through the use of a mixed methods study. The study was conducted using a survey defined through a 7 point Likert scale to understand the respondent’s perceptions and experiences on ethical practices of the organization in hiring, compensation, and equal employment opportunities. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that there are distinct relationships between business ethics and business operations, suggesting that organizations should develop ethical practices and monitor ethical behavior to assure ethical practices, compensation, and equal employment opportunities. Furthermore, the results suggest that employee satisfaction is increased with improved business ethic practices. Therefore, it can be deduced that increased employee satisfaction can increase productivity, which can increase profit due to lower expenses incurred by the organization. This study may contribute to social change by demonstrating that business ethics is crucial and beneficial to the success of all organizations in a variety of ways, including employee morale.
8
Iganski, Paul. "Implementing equal employment-opportunities policies in the British National Health Service : racism and patriarchy at work." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1295/.
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An analysis is presented of the implementation of equal employment-opportunities policies in the British National Health Service (NHS). It focuses on policy development at national level for the NHS as a whole, and also at local level in a case-study of two District Health Authorities. The material was collected from interviews with over sixty respondents. At national level they included key actors in the policy process. Data from a mail survey of all Health Authorities and Boards in the NHS - undertaken for the thesis - is used to additionally evaluate policy progress at national level. The analysis focuses on the organisation and stimulae behind policy implementation at national level. At local level, interviews were held with personnel specialists responsible for the formulation of policy, and line-managers responsible for policy implementation. The analysis focuses particularly on equal opportunities monitoring, formalisation of the selection process for employment, and positive action measures. The analysis uses concepts of racism and patriarchy to theoretically structure a variety of disparate processes which deny equality of opportunity at work. It also suggests targets and strategies for policy implementation.
9
Lisk, D. R. "Equal opportunities for women in construction trades : issues of education, training and employment in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679039.
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This study seeks to identify the factors that influence young women to take up a career in the construction trades in Northern Ireland and to gain a better understanding of the perceptions that lead them to decide on a career in construction. The study focuses on the views, perceptions, understandings and experiences of young people and utilises a mixed methods approach, consisting of a large scale quantitative study of 14-16 year olds along with follow up qualitative interviews with young women and other key stakeholders in the construction industry. Within the context of this study, Roberts' notion of opportunity structures is used, and extended with Bourdieu's concepts of 'habitus' and 'field', as a way of exploring how young women have come to internalise taken-for-granted ways of thinking about occupations that reflect their wider experiences and relationships at home, school and in the world of work. The study found that the young women's attitudes and perspectives were influenced by the family and their peers. The study also identifies entrenched attitudes, where girls are discouraged, prevented and inhibited from accessing opportunities to explore particular career choices by careers officers and teachers. The study highlights how women on construction sites might be undermined but also highlights that young women are confident in their own abilities. This study is one of the first to consider a range of construction craft career choices for women to contemplate. The implications of this study include the need for schools and colleges to provide equality of opportunity for girls to participate in careers talks and vocational sampling programmes. It is suggested that sector bodies must also seek to promote and support women in construction apprenticeship programmes and that construction sector employers must implement improved monitoring and support mechanisms for female workers.
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Hinton, Susan E., and Susan Mayson@BusEco monash edu au. "Organisational contestation over the discursive construction of equal employment opportunities for women in three Victorian public authorities." Swinburne University of Technology, 1999. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051102.140031.
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The central arguments in this thesis rest on two premises. Firstly language and context are intimately bound up in the social construction of workplace gender inequalities. Secondly, organisational understandings and management of women�s access to employment opportunities and rewards in modern bureaucratic organisations are constituted through discourses or systems of organisational knowledges, practices and rules of organising.
This study uses the concept of discourse to account for the productive and powerful role of knowledge and language practices in constituting the organisational contexts and meanings through which people make sense of and experience complex organisations.
11
Durie, Saines Deborah, and n/a. "Factors influencing the success of women in educational administration in the Australian Capital Territory." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.162348.
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The role of women has become a central issue in educational debate because
of the discrepancy between their representation at the administrative and
policy level and their representation at the classroom level. This study
identified the factors which aid the success of women in educational
administration. By using structured interviews and response analysis the study
identifies major facilitaters and barriers to success. The literature review
surveys the position of women in educational administration. The study
provides information that is crucial to aspiring female educators in individual
career planning and is essential to systems in the promotion of Equal Employment Opportunities. Research was undertaken in the Australian
Capital Territory and involved Government and Non Government systems.
12
Radloff, Carla. "Variables influencing the retention of designated employees in a platinum mine / Carla Radloff." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/642.
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Retention of key employees is becoming an increasingly important challenge faced by many
organisations. With every employee that leaves the company, cost of recruitment and
appointment, as well as training and development cost subsequent to that, are lost. The
situation is aggravated by the fact that it is usually the higher performing employee who is
more mobile from a career point of view, or the employee who has completed his/her training
and who is more marketable, that is lost to the organisation.
To effectively retain workers, employers must know which factors motivate their employees
to stay on and which factors cause them to leave. The general research objective was to
determine variables that influence the retention of designated employees within a platinum
mine.
A qualitative research design was used. Twenty four designated employees were selected
randomly from the following occupations in the mining career path, namely Crew Captain in
training, Crew Captain, Learner Official and Shift Supervisor. A qualitative measuring
instrument, based on the phenomenological paradigm, was used to determine employees'
perceptions of retention of designated employees. Content analysis was used to analyse,
quantify, and interpret the research data.
The results indicated that designated employees are poached by competitor companies; that
designated employees leave for better payment or benefits; that they value opportunities for
growth and development; that the Crew Captain title, job content and job category cause
employees to be unhappy; that designated employees leave after receiving training and
development; that they do not feel valued or listened to; that they are unhappy with
accommodation benefits and the bonus system; that they are managed by fear; that job
security makes designated employees to stay; that they leave due to poor benefits; that they
are in general dissatisfied with the company; that work and safety conditions are good; that
designated employees experience a lot of work pressure; that they value family responsibility;
that designated employees with limited education stay; and that they experience racial
discrimination.
Recommendations for future research are also made.Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
13
Doyle, B. J. "Disability, discrimination and equal opportunities : a comparative study of legal models addressing the employment rights of disabled persons, with particular reference to Britain and the United States." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14834/.
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Against the background of growing demands in Britain for anti-discrimination legislation covering disabled persons, the study examines the case for reform, and the shape which such legislation might take, in the employment field. Using the socio-legal tradition, the meaning of disability is explored and the demography, nature and experience of disability is described. The evidence of employment discrimination against disabled persons is evaluated and their position in the labour market is plotted. Existing law on disabled employment rights in Britain is set out and its strengths and weaknesses weighed. The employment rights of disabled workers in the European Community, the United States, Canada and Australia are narrated. Then, using comparative legal methodology, a number of problems and issues in the regulation of disability-related employment discrimination (and the promotion of equal opportunities) are recounted and critically analysed. These problems and issues include the definition of disability discrimination, identification of the protected class, fitness for work and employment qualification, use of reasonable accommodation and positive action, preferential treatment and the role of quotas, and enforcement strategies and remedial action. The experience of the United States is recruited as the primary basis of comparison and lessons for suggested legal reforms in Britain are pointed out. Some general conclusions on the efficacy of disability discrimination laws are drawn. The study surveys a wide variety of primary and secondary legal materials, including legislation and case law, and reviews the pertinent literature drawn from legal scholarship and other relevant disciplines. It does so in the context of a theoretical perspective that borrows from the body of legal theory and concepts developed in race and gender discrimination law.
14
Pérugien, Sabrina. "La construction d'une culture organisationnelle en faveur de la diversité dans l'enseignement supérieur : monographie d'une recherche-intervention menée au sein d'une business school française." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB004.
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De « facture classique », cette thèse se veut particulièrement originale tant dans le choix de l’objet investigué que dans les résultats obtenus. En s’attachant à mieux comprendre la dynamique qui a prévalu au cours de l’intégration stratégique d’un projet culturel et managérial en faveur de la diversité dans une organisation du Supérieur, ce travail s’inscrit à la lisière de la stratégie et de la GRH. Il prend son origine dans le cadre général des études traitant de la non-discrimination et du management de la diversité en France, en s’intéressant toutefois à une organisation particulière puisqu’il est question de la Business School, dont le rôle socioéconomique est singulier. En effet, elle produit la future génération de managers et dans une moindre mesure les futurs leaders et décideurs économiques.Ce travail s’intéresse donc à l’application de l’approche conceptuelle et managériale de la diversité dans ce type d’organisation et aux changements induits par une telle démarche dans le cadre d’une étude processuelle longitudinale de cinq ans d’un cas unique (monographie). Reposant sur une ethnométhodologie à visée transformative, cette thèse restitue un changement en train de se faire en mobilisant l’approche contextualiste de PettigrewDespite its classical style, this thesis is highly original in both the subject of the investigation – the strategic integration of diversity into the organizational culture of a French business school – and its results. Focused on the social responsibility of French higher education establishments, this thesis addresses issues that lie at the boundary of strategy and HRM. It targets the institutions that could be called the ‘antechamber’ of the business world, and that produce the next generation of managers: leading business schools. Diversity and non-discrimination at work are recent streams of research in the French managerial literature and this work takes a detailed look at the dynamics of change of a phenomenon that has received little attention: the construction of an organizational culture that fosters diversity. As the emphasis is on ‘organized’ and ‘organizing’ action rather than the institution itself, an intervention research strategy is adopted to investigate ongoing organizational change. This single-domain (monograph), longitudinal and process-based case study was carried out in situ, while Pettigrew’s contextualist approach provided the framework for a detailed description and in-depth analysis
15
Eicker, Jannis. "Gender-Pay-Gap." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223783.
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Der Gender-Pay-Gap ist eine statistische Kennzahl zur Messung der Ungleichheit zwischen Männern* und Frauen* beim Verdienst. Es gibt zwei Versionen: einen "unbereinigten" und einen "bereinigten". Der "unbereinigte" Gender-Pay-Gap berechnet den geschlechtsspezifischen Verdienstunterschied auf Basis der Bruttostundenlöhne aller Männer* und Frauen* der Grundgesamtheit. Beim "bereinigten" Wert hingegen werden je nach Studie verschiedene Faktoren wie Branche, Position und Berufserfahrung herausgerechnet. Neben dem Gender-Pay-Gap gibt es noch weitere Kennzahlen von Einkommensdiskriminierung wie dem Gender-Pension- oder auch dem Racial-Pay-Gap.
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Abramo, Lais Wendel. "A inserção da mulher no mercado de trabalho: uma força de trabalho secundária?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-23102007-141151/.
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A questão central desta tese é a discussão de como se constroem as diversas representações sociais que contribuem à configuração das desigualdades entre homens e mulheres no mercado de trabalho. Isso será feito concentrando a análise no processo de constituição e reprodução da noção da mulher como uma força de trabalho secundária. Essa noção está presente no imaginário social, empresarial e sindical e das próprias mulheres (que participam ou não no mercado de trabalho), assim como nas concepções que embasam a formulação das políticas públicas. Marca a sua presença em diversas correntes do pensamento analítico e está na base da constituição de muitas instituições do mercado de trabalho. Resiste a muitas mudanças objetivas - e cada vez mais evidentes - no comportamento de atividade das mulheres e no seu desempenho laboral. O argumento central da tese é que essa noção é cada vez menos adequada para representar as distintas realidades da presença feminina no mercado de trabalho e que, além disso, é um dos elementos sobre os quais se estruturam e se reproduzem as hierarquias entre homens e mulheres e os padrões de discriminação e subordinação de gênero no mercado de trabalho.The main question of this thesis is the construction of different social representations that contributes to the configuration of labor market inequalities between men and women. The analysis shall focus on the process of constitution and reproduction of the notion of women as a secondary workforce. This notion is part of the social imaginary of business and unions, women that are part (or not) of the labor market and also the theoretical ideas that inspire public policies. It is so pervasive that it marks different trends of analytical schools and social thought, impregnating the foundations of many institutions of the labor market. It is so resilient that it resists historical and current transformations - more and more evident - of women\'s economic activities patterns and their work behavior. The central argument of this work is that the notion of women as secondary workforce is less and less adequate for representing the different realities of the women\'s presence in the labor market, and moreover, it is one of the elements on which are structured and reproduced the hierarchies between men and women and the patterns of gender discrimination and subordination in the labor market.
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Simelane, Dudu Patience. "Gender equality and equal opportunities in the work place : the case of the public sector in Swaziland." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4900.
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Harmse-Truter, Laurentia. "Disability, discrimination and equal opportunities : a comparative labour law study." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5967.
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LL.D.This study aims to investigate the different ways in which the position of people with disabilities can be addressed. Antidiscrimination legislation can play a very important role. Efforts to create equal opportunities must, however, not be limited to legislative initiatives and policy declarations. There is an urgent need for education and training of this minority group. 7 Systematic efforts to heighten public awareness of civil rights and in particular the recognition of the rights of the disabled community are imperative. This study aims to bring home the truth that "disability rights are an idea and ideal whose time has come. ,, When addressing the issue of disability discrimination (or for that matter any kind of discrimination) several principles need to be addressed, the most important being the following: The meaning of the concept of "equality" needs to be established. The fact that all people are equal, does not necessarily mean that all people must be treated the same. When speaking about disability discrimination one must know who forms part of the protected class. For that reason the first issue that must be addressed is the definition of "disability": This leads to the next question, namely which individuals should be protected by anti-discrimination laws and should they benefit from affirmative action measures? What is meant by the term "discrimination"? Is it at all permissible to distinguish between groups of people and, if so, when and which standards are to be applied? What role can anti-discrimination legislation fulfil in the struggle for equality? When dealing with anti-discrimination legislation, what is required in order to prove discrimination and what remedies must be available to an aggrieved party? Normally, in case of criminal action proof is required beyond reasonable doubt and in case of civil action on the balance of probabilities. 10 Civil action offers more effective remedies, but should it be punitive in nature (by awarding damages to the aggrieved party) or non-punitive (by putting the aggrieved party in his/her "rightful place")? What sort of enforcement mechanism is needed? Is it a task for the ordinary tribunals or rather a special body created for that purpose? What defences should be available to an employer accused of discriminatory practices? Who should benefit from enforcement? Only the individual victim or all members of that group? Is anti-discrimination legislation sufficient or is something in addition called for? If positive measures are required, what form must these measures take? This study will address these questions specifically with relation to people with disabilities.The "equality principle" will first be studied. Thereafter the concept of "disability" will be defined. There is a movement away from a medical model of disability towards a social model that takes account of the disabling effects of attitudes and structural barriers on the position of disabled people. Then the concept of "discrimination" will be addressed. Discrimination has many different forms and can take place in different contexts In the following chapter possible solutions to the problem of disability discrimination will be raised. Thereafter follows an important comparative analysis of different jurisdictions on international, supra-national and national level. Different jurisdictions have reached different stages in addressing this problem. The factual analysis of each jurisdiction will include the existence of any anti-discrimination legislative measures, the scope of the protected class, applicable employment provisions, defences available to employers, and the success achieved in addressing the problem. The contentious issue of affirmative action measures will also be addressed. By drawing inferences from the comparative study, suggestions will be made for future developments in South Africa. The conclusion is reached that it is imperative for South Africa to draft disability anti-discrimination legislation that takes account of the needs of this minority group. Legislative initiatives, however, are not enough and must be supported by various programmes aimed at the disabled themselves and the community that they live in. Only then can human rights become a reality also for people with disabilities.
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Chlapcová, Marcela. "Diskriminace starších osob v přístupu k zaměstnání." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298557.
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The thesis "Discrimination of older persons in their access to employment"focuses on the discrimination problem of persons over 50 years of age when they look for a job. The discrimination is one of the factors that prevent older persons from entering the labor market, which affects not only those persons but the whole society as well. At first, the thesis determines the theoretical concepts, which it comes from. Those concepts go through the whole thesis. Further on, it outlines a brief survey of national and European legal norms that deal with the given problem. It also introduces institutions that manage the problem and that we can contact in case of encounter with discrimination. In the next part, the thesis focuses on the negative aspects of discrimination and on the occurrence frequency of discrimination itself in the Czech Republic, particularly in the job advertisements and during job interviews. The practical part of the thesis concentrates on the discrimination of person over 50 in the district of Teplice, both from the point of view of the unemployed persons and the employees of the Labor Office. The final part identifies main fields of problems, which it propose possible solutions for.
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McIntosh, Bryan, R. McQuaid, A. Munro, and P. Dabir-Alai. "Motherhood and its impact on career progression." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6515.
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Purpose: After many years of equal opportunities legislation, motherhood still limits womens' career progress even in a feminized occupation such as nursing. While the effect of motherhood, working hours, career breaks and school aged children upon career progression has been discussed widely, its actual scale and magnitude has received less research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these factors individually and cumulatively.
Design/methodology/approach: This paper considers the impact of the above through a longitudinal analysis of a demographically unique national database, comprising the 46,565 registered nursing workforces in NHS Scotland from 2000-2008. The variables examined include gender, employment grades, number and length of career breaks, lengths of service, age, working patterns, the number and age of dependent children.
Findings: The results indicate: motherhood has a regressively detrimental effect on women's career progression. However, this is a simplistic term which covers a more complex process related to the age of dependent children, working hours and career breaks. The degree of women's restricted career progression is directly related to the school age of the dependent children: the younger the child the greater the detrimental impact. Women who take a career break of greater than two years see their careers depressed and restricted. The results confirm that whilst gender has a relatively positive effect on male career progression; a women's career progression is reduced incrementally as she has more children, and part-time workers have reduced career progression regardless of maternal or paternal circumstances. Originality/value: This paper is the only example internationally, of a national workforce being examined on this scale and therefore its findings are significant. For the first time the impact of motherhood upon a women's career progression and the related factors; dependent children, career breaks and part-time working are quantified. These findings are relevant across many areas of employment and they are significant in relation to broadening the debate around equal opportunities for women.
Purpose - After many years of equal opportunities legislation, motherhood still limits womens' career progress even in a feminized occupation such as nursing. While the effect of motherhood, working hours, career breaks and school aged children upon career progression has been discussed widely, its actual scale and magnitude has received less research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of these factors individually and cumulatively. Design/methodology/approach - This paper considers the impact of the above through a longitudinal analysis of a demographically unique national database, comprising the 46,565 registered nursing workforces in NHS Scotland from 2000-2008. The variables examined include gender, employment grades, number and length of career breaks, lengths of service, age, working patterns, the number and age of dependent children. Findings - The results indicate: motherhood has a regressively detrimental effect on women's career progression. However, this is a simplistic term which covers a more complex process related to the age of dependent children, working hours and career breaks. The degree of women's restricted career progression is directly related to the school age of the dependent children: the younger the child the greater the detrimental impact. Women who take a career break of greater than two years see their careers depressed and restricted. The results confirm that whilst gender has a relatively positive effect on male career progression; a women's career progression is reduced incrementally as she has more children, and part-time workers have reduced career progression regardless of maternal or paternal circumstances. Originality/value - This paper is the only example internationally, of a national workforce being examined on this scale and therefore its findings are significant. For the firs time the impact of motherhood upon a women's career progression and the related factors - dependent children, career breaks and part-time working are quantified. These findings are relevant across many areas of employment and they are significant in relation to broadening the debate around equal opportunities for women.
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Holušová, Petra. "Ženy v manažerských pozicích." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405724.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse in detail the issue of the position of women in top management positions in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of the thesis focus mainly on the legislation and mapping of the current situation of the issue. The thesis also examines gender, gender identity and gender mainstreaming, all of those terms are defined in detail in the text. The first part of the theses builds an important theoretical base and explains terms such as glass ceiling and the mentioned gender mainstreaming. The work also investigates the issue of equal pay and employment of women. The practical part of the thesis contains its own qualitative research that was done with specific top managers in the selected company. The aim of the practical part is to compare the theoretical concepts of the position of women on the Czech labour market with the situation in a particular Czech company. During the research are investigated both opinions of top managers on the nationwide situation as well as the situation within the company. Based on the research results, the research questions are answered and recommendations for improving the current position of women on the Czech labour market are formulated.
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Kabelková, Kristýna. "Analýza realizace oblasti podpory Evropského sociálního fondu Rovné příležitosti žen a mužů na trhu práce a sladění pracovního a rodinného života v kraji Vysočina." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326357.
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The topic of this thesis is the support of Equal Opportunities for women and men in the labor market and to reconcile work and family life, funded by the European Social Fund. The thesis consists of an introduction, a theoretical part, a practical part, a conclusion and appendices. In the theoretical part there are the first introduced policies of the European Social Fund for the period 2007 - 2013 and then their application in the Czech Republic, made up mainly of the Operational Programme Human Resources and Employment and just his area of support 3.4 Equal opportunities for women and men in the labor market and to reconcile work and family life. The issue of equal opportunities for women and men is also used in the context of EU and in the context of labor market in the Czech Republic. Custom research is designed in order to analyze the implementation of the above- mentioned areas of support, specifically in the region Vysočina on the basis of already approved projects, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. At the request Those projects are discussed both negative and positive gender lens. It is therefore a real form of project applications that are approved and draw on the financial resources of the European Social Fund.
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TESAŘOVÁ, Štěpánka. "Problematika nezaměstnanosti v České republice a v Německu z pohledu gender." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51228.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with problems of employment and unemployment policy from the special point of view: the use of equal opportunity of men and women (gender equality) in the Czech Republic, Germany and the European Union. The theoretical part describes employment, unemployment, promotion of women and men at employment market from the gender point of view, and discriminatory differences in the field of financial evaluation of men and women for the same amount and kind of work. The practical part gives the comparison of the employment policy from the gender perspective (rate of employment and unemployment of men and women) on the basis of statistical information of the member states of the European Union {--} the Czech Republic and Germany. The main goal of this work is to show and emphasize the fact, that some aspects of discrimination in the field of gender relationships at work and in private life still exist even in the present modern society. It depends on all of us mainly, in which way and direction these problems of gender equality will develop in the society in future.