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1
Zennathara, Sadia Afrin, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Nurul Islam, and Mihir Lal Saha. "Exopolysaccharide (EPS) Producing Bacteria of Sundarbans Mangrove Forest Soil." Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology 32, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v32i2.63549.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria from Sundarbans Mangrove Forest (SMF) soil of Bangladesh. The pH and aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts of the soil samples ranged from 5.83 to 7.77 and 0.87 × 107 to 7.2 × 107 cfu/g, respectively. Potential 18 EPS producing bacterial isolates were selected for detailed study among which 15 were provisionally identified as members of the genus Bacillus, 2 were recognized as Dinococcus sp. and another one as Micrococcus sp. The genus Bacillus includes 7 distinct species viz. B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. brevis, B. marinus, B. schlegelli, B. pumilus and B. globisporous. The highest EPS production was found in the LB medium. The pHs of 6.5-7.5, 0% salinity, and 37°C temperature were found to be optimum for better growth of EPS producing bacteria. The three EPS producing bacterial isolates i.e. B. pumilus, B. globisporus and B. strearothermophilus were further confirmed through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The culture and sensitivity (C/S) test results revealed streptomycin (S 10) as the most effective antibiotic to control the tested bacterial isolates. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 32(2): 145-156, 2022 (December)
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Zhang, Shuang, and Lan Wei Zhang. "Effect of Exopolysaccharide Producing Lactic Acid Bacterial on the Gelation and Texture Properties of Yogurt." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.890.
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Lactic acid bacterial play a important role in yogurt texture and gel quality. The performance of lactic acid bacteria starter directly affected the quality of yogurt. Exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing LAB may improve the texture of fermented milks, depending on the strain. EPS production was found to have a major effect on the texture properties and gelation properties, but varying textures with EPS production, structure and interaction with milk proteins. Yoghurts fermented with EPS-producing cultures showed different mouth thickness and ropiness rheological parameters and varying syneresis and gel firmness. The mechanism that how the metabolic properties of EPS producing lactic acid bacteria affect the texture and gel quality of yogurt is reviewed in the article.
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Zennathara, Sadia Afrin, Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Nurul Islam, and Mihir Lal Saha. "Exopolysaccharide producing bacteria of Sundarban Mangrove Forest soil and their antibiotic sensitivity profile." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 32, no. 2 (July 20, 2023): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v32i2.67683.
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This study focused on the investigation of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing bacteria from Sundarbans mangrove forest (SMF) soil, Bangladesh. The heterotrophic bacterial loads in the soil samples varied from 0.44×107 to 4.2×107 cfu/g indicating high bacterial load even under hostile environment. Fifteen EPS producing bacterial isolates were identified provisionally where thirteen isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus including B. badius (n=1, 6.67%), B. subtilis (n=3, 20.0%), B. pumilus (n=3, 20.0%), B. brevis (n=2, 13.33%), B. stearothermophilus (n=2, 13.33%), B. sphaericus (n=1, 6.67%) and B. alcalophilus (n=1, 6.67%). The remaining two isolates were recognized as the genus Micrococcus sp. (n=2, 13.33%). The genus Bacillus was predominant representing 86.67% abundance frequency. The LB medium was proven to be the most suitable medium for the growth of EPS producing bacterial isolates. 16S rDNA sequence analysis was conducted for three EPS producing bacterial isolates and they were identified as Bacillus subtilis, B. strearothermophilus and Micrococcus sp. The antibiogram profile of this study revealed streptomycin as the most effective antibiotic to control the growth of bacteria. The presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in SMF soil is alarming for human health associated with this marine ecosystem. The multidrug resistance bacteria may come to the soil of SMF through the untreated discharged wastewaters and agricultural runoff from adjacent areas. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(2): 243-255, 2023 (July)
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Sree, Sudha. "A Study on Isolation and Identification of Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Bacteria from Soil." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 650–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39341.
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Abstract: Polysaccharides are important potent molecules with their structural and compositional complexity which led to wide range of applications in various industries. The exopolysaccharides of microbial origin are released in response to extreme environmental conditions for the purpose of survival. The present study focuses on the isolation of exopolysaccharide producing bacteria from the soil sample and oil contaminated soil sample. Screening for the EPS production by the isolates is determined by the dry weight determination of precipitates of EPS and quantitative estimation of glucose content of EPS by PhenolSulphuric acid method. In the present study, out of 5 bacterial isolates isolated on screening, Lactobacillus sps and Pseudomonas sps. isolates produced the precipitates of EPS whose dry weight was determined to be 0.09g and 0.17g respectively. Further, glucose concentration of EPS was quantitatively determined. The glucose content of Lactobacillus sps. isolate was 0.1125mg/ml and Pseudomonas sps. isolate is 0.2875mg/ml. The EPS producing isolates were further grown in the presence of carbon sources like Glucose, Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose to determine the best utilizable carbon for their growth. The most utilizable carbon source for maximum growth of EPS producing isolates was determined to be sucrose with 2% concentration. All the 5 bacterial isolates were screened for their ability of antibiotic resistance. The EPS producing isolates, Lactobacillus sps, Pseudomonas sps were found to be resistant towards all the antimicrobial agents owing to the presence of EPS protective layer around their cell wall than non-EPS producing isolates. Keywords: Exopolysaccharide, Screening, Carbon sources, Antibiotic resistance.
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H Patel, Vishal, Harsha P Soni, and Falguni R Patel. "Isolation, Screening and Molecular Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Producing Moderately Halotolerant Bacteria from Various Coastal Sites of Gujarat." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2981.
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The exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are natural polymers of carbohydrates and are excreted by some bacteria outside of their cell walls. The microbial EPS have several biotechnological applications viz. cosmetics, textiles, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, paints and petroleum industries. The wide range of applications and bioactive roles of EPS has triggered increased interest for search unusual and novel EPS.The bacteria from marine ecosystem are also known to secrete novel EPSs. In this context, the main objective of this research is isolation, screening of most potent culturable EPS producing halotolerant bacteria with novel EPS characteristics which can be used in uncommon applications related to the environment. All the bacterial isolates were isolated from coastal regions of Gujarat as it contains 1600 km long costal area, with wide microbial diversity and can serve as a source for promising EPS producers. 9 soil samples were collected from various coastal sites viz. Mundra, Jodiya, Dwarka, Somnath, Diu, Bhavnagar, Khambhat, Dumas and Umargam. Total 59 EPS producing bacterial isolates were obtained in Primary Screening. Based on the results of primary screening, potential morphologically diverse 9 isolates were selected for EPS production in liquid medium. The EPS production ranged from 22.3 to 33.5 mg/ml. The isolate VHP 34 gave best EPS production and was identified as Enterobacter cloacae by 16 s rRNA gene sequencing method. The isolate Enterobacter cloacae VHP-34 was able to grow 0-15% NaCl concentration, hence categorized as Moderately Halotolerant.
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Gunasekaran, Yazhini, Subramaniam Thiyageshwari, Manikandan Ariyan, Aritra Roy Choudhury, Jung-Ho Park, Duraisamy Selvi, Lakshmanan Chithra, and Rangasamy Anandham. "Alleviation of Sodic Stress in Rice by Exploring the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Sodic-Tolerant Bacteria." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091451.
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Sodicity is one of the major salt stresses that impair crop production. Exopolysaccharide-producing sodic tolerant bacteria (EPS-STB) play a significant role in reducing the sodic stress in plants by hampering the uptake of sodium. In this context, this study aims to isolate the EPS-STB for alleviating sodic stress in rice under a sodic environment. Thus, artificial sodicity was created in culture media, and 253 bacteria were isolated from the rice rhizosphere of sodic soils in Trichy and Chinna Salem of Tamil Nadu in India. Fifty bacterial isolates were initially screened based on EPS production, sodic tolerant ability, and plant growth-promoting activities. Further, these bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. The results suggested that the isolated bacteria possessed biofilm-forming abilities along with plant growth-promoting activities and osmolyte accumulation under sodic stress conditions. Bacillus rugosus L1C7T, Bacillus paralicheniformis L1C5L, Pseudomonas sp. L5C14T and Franconibacter helveticus L2C1L2 were chosen as better EPS-STB plant growth-promoting bacteria, and their impact on rice under sodic conditions was evaluated. Among the sodic tolerant bacteria, Franconibacter helveticus L2C1L2-inoculated rice plants increased dry matter production compared to the control. Thus, this study showed that the utilization of EPS-STB will become a promising tool to alleviate sodic stress in rice.
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Biswas, Jhuma, and A. K. Paul. "Production of Extracellular Polymeric Substances by Halophilic Bacteria of Solar Salterns." Chinese Journal of Biology 2014 (August 6, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/205731.
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Moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria were isolated from 31 soil and 18 water samples collected from multipond solar salterns of Gujarat, Orissa, and West Bengal, India. A total of 587 bacterial isolates with distinct morphological features were obtained from these samples following dilution and plating on MH agar medium supplemented with NaCl. The isolates were screened for growth associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in MY medium under batch culture. In all, 20 isolates were selected as potent ones producing more than 1 g/L of EPS. These EPS producing isolates were characterized in detail for their morphological, physiological, and biochemical features and tentatively identified as members belonging to the genera Halomonas, Salinicoccus, Bacillus, Aidingimonas, Alteromonas, and Chromohalobacter. Apart from EPS production, these isolates also hold promise towards the production of various biomolecules of industrial importance.
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Provencher, Cathy, Gis�le LaPointe, St�phane Sirois, Marie-Rose Van Calsteren, and Denis Roy. "Consensus-Degenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primers for Amplification of Priming Glycosyltransferase Genes of the Exopolysaccharide Locus in Strains of the Lactobacillus casei Group." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 2003): 3299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.6.3299-3307.2003.
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ABSTRACT A primer design strategy named CODEHOP (consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer) for amplification of distantly related sequences was used to detect the priming glycosyltransferase (GT) gene in strains of the Lactobacillus casei group. Each hybrid primer consisted of a short 3′ degenerate core based on four highly conserved amino acids and a longer 5′ consensus clamp region based on six sequences of the priming GT gene products from exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria. The hybrid primers were used to detect the priming GT gene of 44 commercial isolates and reference strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. casei, Lactobacillus zeae, and Streptococcus thermophilus. The priming GT gene was detected in the genome of both non-EPS-producing (EPS−) and EPS-producing (EPS+) strains of L. rhamnosus. The sequences of the cloned PCR products were similar to those of the priming GT gene of various gram-negative and gram-positive EPS+ bacteria. Specific primers designed from the L. rhamnosus RW-9595M GT gene were used to sequence the end of the priming GT gene in selected EPS+ strains of L. rhamnosus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Lactobacillus spp. form a distinctive group apart from other lactic acid bacteria for which GT genes have been characterized to date. Moreover, the sequences show a divergence existing among strains of L. rhamnosus with respect to the terminal region of the priming GT gene. Thus, the PCR approach with consensus-degenerate hybrid primers designed with CODEHOP is a practical approach for the detection of similar genes containing conserved motifs in different bacterial genomes.
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MENAGA, M., S. FELIX, C. MOHANASUNDARI, and M. CHARULATHA. "Isolation, characterization and performance of extra cellular polymer substances (EPS) producing bacteria from biofloc culture water of Nile tilapia using distillery spentwash as carbon source." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 10, 2020): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v90i5.104640.
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The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria from biofloc reared Nile tilapia (Chitralada) ponds. Distillery spentwash was used as a carbon source to maintain the C: N ratio at 10: 1 in the fish culture ponds and screening of bacteria were done fortnightly in 180 days culture. Out of 38 bacterial isolates, 7 isolates were found to produce EPS. Based on 16s rRNA sequence analysis the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. infantis, B. cereus, Pseudomonas balearica, P. mendocina and P. alcaligenes. The highest production of EPS was recorded in B. cereus (1.25 g/L). EPS extracted from Bacillus cereus was reported to have higher protein (89 μg/ml) and B. subtilis possessed higher carbohydrate (753.75 μg/ml). Maximum flocculating ability of 40.18% in B. cereus and higher emulsifying activity of 63.53% was observed in B. megaterium. The EPS extracted from B. infantis showed lower sludge volume index on its treatment with aquaculture sludge (15.38 ml/g). Absorption band in the range of 4,000/cm to 450/cm using FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional bands arising from polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The results indicated the presence of EPS producing bacteria in biofloc based Nile tilapia aquaculture systems.
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Laraib, Fizza, Rahmeen Rauf, Rimsha Dilshad, Nazia Jameel, and Rida Batool. "Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Khewra Salt Mines." Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 02 (June 15, 2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2022.0602214.
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Halophilic bacteria can populate every niche of earth. These halophiles have a great potential of exopolysaccharides production that is of considerable importance in various industries. To screen EPS producing halophiles, saline soil samples were collected from Khewra salt mines, Jehlum, Pakistan. Twenty-two morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated by serial dilution method. All strains were considered as moderate halophilic bacteria as they could grow at 3-15% of NaCl concentration whereas only three strains could grow at 15% of NaCl, which belonged to the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas. For screening of EPS production, P-medium was used. While for the estimation of slime production, congo-red agar was used that exhibited positive results by appearance of black colored colonies by many strains. Moreover, EPS production was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Isolated Staphylococcus and Bacillus species produced high amount of EPS (20g/L). “Moderate halophiles” play an important role in therapeutics, bioremediation, food and medicine, petroleum and tanning industries by producing EPS. Recently, growth of many agriculture crops has been improved by using beneficial halophiles in saline soils. Consequently, with the help of these beneficial halophiles we can give benefit to mankind
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Peterson, Brandon W., Henk J. Busscher, Prashant K. Sharma, and Henny C. van der Mei. "Visualization of Microbiological Processes Underlying Stress Relaxation inPseudomonas aeruginosaBiofilms." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 3 (March 13, 2014): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614000361.
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AbstractBacterial biofilms relieve themselves from external stresses through internal rearrangement, as mathematically modeled in many studies, but never microscopically visualized for their underlying microbiological processes. The aim of this study was to visualize rearrangement processes occurring in mechanically deformed biofilms using confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy after SYTO9 (green-fluorescent) and calcofluor-white (blue-fluorescent) staining to visualize bacteria and extracellular-polymeric matrix substances, respectively. We apply 20% uniaxial deformation toPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms and fix deformed biofilms prior to staining, after allowing different time-periods for relaxation. Two isogenicP. aeruginosastrains with different abilities to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were used. By confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy all biofilms showed intensity distributions for fluorescence from which rearrangement of EPS and bacteria in deformed biofilms were derived. For theP. aeruginosastrain producing EPS, bacteria could not find new, stable positions within 100 s after deformation, while EPS moved toward deeper layers within 20 s. Bacterial rearrangement was not seen inP. aeruginosabiofilms deficient in production of EPS. Thus, EPS is required to stimulate bacterial rearrangement in mechanically deformed biofilms within the time-scale of our experiments, and the mere presence of water is insufficient to induce bacterial movement, likely due to its looser association with the bacteria.
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Guérin, Marie, Christine Robert-Da Silva, Cyrielle Garcia, and Fabienne Remize. "Lactic Acid Bacterial Production of Exopolysaccharides from Fruit and Vegetables and Associated Benefits." Fermentation 6, no. 4 (November 21, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6040115.
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Microbial polysaccharides have interesting and attractive characteristics for the food industry, especially when produced by food grade bacteria. Polysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during fermentation are extracellular macromolecules of either homo or hetero polysaccharidic nature, and can be classified according to their chemical composition and structure. The most prominent exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus and Bifidobacterium sp. The EPS biosynthesis and regulation pathways are under the dependence of numerous factors as producing-species or strain, nutrient availability, and environmental conditions, resulting in varied carbohydrate compositions and beneficial properties. The interest is growing for fruits and vegetables fermented products, as new functional foods, and the present review is focused on exploring the EPS that could derive from lactic fermented fruit and vegetables. The chemical composition, biosynthetic pathways of EPS and their regulation mode is reported. The consequences of EPS on food quality, especially texture, are explored in relation to producing species. Attention is given to the scientific investigations on health benefits attributed to EPS such as prebiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol lowering activities.
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Tieking, Markus, Maher Korakli, Matthias A. Ehrmann, Michael G. Gänzle, and Rudi F. Vogel. "In Situ Production of Exopolysaccharides during Sourdough Fermentation by Cereal and Intestinal Isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 2 (February 2003): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.945-952.2003.
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ABSTRACT EPS formed by lactobacilli in situ during sourdough fermentation may replace hydrocolloids currently used as texturizing, antistaling, or prebiotic additives in bread production. In this study, a screening of >100 strains of cereal-associated and intestinal lactic acid bacteria was performed for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from sucrose. Fifteen strains produced fructan, and four strains produced glucan. It was remarkable that formation of glucan and fructan was most frequently found in intestinal isolates and strains of the species Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus pontis, and Lactobacillus frumenti from type II sourdoughs. By the use of PCR primers derived from conserved amino acid sequences of bacterial levansucrase genes, it was shown that 6 of the 15 fructan-producing lactobacilli and none of 20 glucan producers or EPS-negative strains carried a levansucrase gene. In sourdough fermentations, it was determined whether those strains producing EPS in MRS medium modified as described by Stolz et al. (37) and containing 100 g of sucrose liter−1 as the sole source of carbon also produce the same EPS from sucrose during sourdough fermentation in the presence of 12% sucrose. For all six EPS-producing strains evaluated in sourdough fermentations, in situ production of EPS at levels ranging from 0.5 to 2 g/kg of flour was demonstrated. Production of EPS from sucrose is a metabolic activity that is widespread among sourdough lactic acid bacteria. Thus, the use of these organisms in bread production may allow the replacement of additives.
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Gouveia, Joao D., Jie Lian, Georg Steinert, Hauke Smidt, Detmer Sipkema, Rene H. Wijffels, and Maria J. Barbosa. "Associated bacteria of Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta)." PeerJ 7 (March 27, 2019): e6610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6610.
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Botryococcus braunii (Chlorophyta) is a green microalga known for producing hydrocarbons and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Improving the biomass productivity of B. braunii and hence, the productivity of the hydrocarbons and of the EPS, will make B. braunii more attractive for industries. Microalgae usually cohabit with bacteria which leads to the formation of species-specific communities with environmental and biological advantages. Bacteria have been found and identified with a few B. braunii strains, but little is known about the bacterial community across the different strains. A better knowledge of the bacterial community of B. braunii will help to optimize the biomass productivity, hydrocarbons, and EPS accumulation. To better understand the bacterial community diversity of B. braunii, we screened 12 strains from culture collections. Using 16S rRNA gene analysis by MiSeq we described the bacterial diversity across 12 B. braunii strains and identified possible shared communities. We found three bacterial families common to all strains: Rhizobiaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, and Comamonadaceae. Additionally, the results also suggest that each strain has its own specific bacteria that may be the result of long-term isolated culture.
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Hassan, Ashraf N., Milena Corredig, Joseph F. Frank, and Morsi Elsoda. "Microstructure and rheology of an acid-coagulated cheese (Karish) made with an exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus strain and its exopolysaccharide non-producing genetic variant." Journal of Dairy Research 71, no. 1 (February 2004): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029903006605.
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The objective of this research was to determine the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by lactic acid bacteria on the microstructure and rheology of Karish cheese, a soft acid coagulated cheese made using skim milk. An EPS-producing strain of Streptococcus thermophilus, and its EPS non-producing genetic variant were used to make comparable batches of the cheese. EPS in cheese was visualized by cryo-SEM as a large, dense, filamentous mass. Cheese made with the EPS non-producing culture was characterized by a dense protein network with smaller pores compared to that prepared with the EPS-producing culture. High elastic and viscous moduli measured by dynamic rheology were observed for EPS negative cheese and was attributed to its dense protein network. Creep test experiments demonstrated that cheese prepared with the EPS non-producing strain was more rigid and recovered its deformation, while cheese made using the EPS producing culture was more deformable. These results indicate that EPS-producing cultures can improve the physical properties of Karish cheese by reducing undesirable rigidity.
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Cheba, Ben Amar, and H. M. A. Abdelzaher. "Chetoui Olive Cultivar Rhizosphere: Potential Reservoir for Exoenzymes and Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 14, no. 4 (November 16, 2020): 2569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.14.4.32.
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Rhizospheric soils from cultivated olive (Olea europaea) trees of Chemlali, Chetoui, Quaissi, and Djalat cultivars were assessed for their bacterial abundance and diversity and were further screened for production of exopolysaccharides and exoenzymes (cellulase, chitinase, amylase, protease, lipase, and peroxidase). The results of the present study indicate that Chetoui cultivar revealed higher diversity, followed by Chemlali > Quaissi > Djalat, wherein, bacilli, enteric bacteria, and pseudomonads were abundantly present as specific bacterial groups associated with the Chetoui rhizosphere. Moreover, the exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria of Chetoui cultivar (68.4%) presented the highest efficiency, followed by Djalat (23.5%) > Chemlali (7 %) > Quaissi (1%). These results revealed that the Chetoui cultivar presented highest enzyme activities, followed by Chemlali > Djalat > Quaissi, with a distinct abundance of peroxidase- and chitinase-producing bacteria, which may play a pivotal role in adapting olives to the environmental stresses. From this preliminary study, we confirmed that olive rhizosphere microbial diversity is essentially driven by the geographical origin and genotype of olive cultivars. Furthermore, we recommended the Chetoui olive cultivar rhizosphere as a potential reservoir for exoenzyme- and EPS-producing bacteria useful for future biotechnological applications.
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A.B, Chudiwal. "OPTIMIZATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION USING Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSSRFV42." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 10, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32792.
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Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are long-chain polysaccharides containing branched, repeating units of sugars or sugar derivatives such as glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose etc, which are secreted into their surrounding environment during the bacterial growth. Due to their unique properties and vast array of application, isolation and study of new EPS producing microbes is highly concerned issue. In the present study potent exopolysaccharide producing AB4 bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa MSSRFV42) which was previously isolated and screened from marine sample was used. To increase the yield of exopolysaccharide significant physiological parameter were determined Submerged fermentation at pH 10 and temperature of 300C gave maximum yield of EPS after 72 hrs incubation using 1% inoculums in media containing 3.5% NaCl. Outcome of this study will definitely contribute in the elucidation components of AB4 EPS in various industries . Keywords: EPS, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Optimization
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Priyadharshini, Dr S. "Production and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide extracted from bacteria isolated in homemade and packed Idli batter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35247.
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Diverse exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing isolates were isolated from an Indian acidic fermented food (Idli) based on the colony morphology. Lactic acid bacteria are non-pathogenic organism widely distributed in nature typically involved in a large number of spontaneous food fermentation. One of the EPS-producing micro flora was selected for further characterization using FT-IR, SEM, TGA and XRD analysis. The effect of pH, salt and temperature on the yellow pigment were studied and these parameters are gently influence the growth of bacterial isolates. In pH the maximum yield of biomass were obtained at pH (8) . In temperature maximum yield at 40 C and in salt concentration (Nacl) the maximum yield were obtained with 2%. Effect of total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and reducing power assay influence the growth biomass of the bacteria. In the structural characterization, the FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the α-d-glucose nature of the EPS. The SEM showed smooth surfaces and compact structure. TGA results showed higher degradation temperature of 272.01̊ C. XRD analysis proved the 33.4% crystalline nature of the EPS. All the above characteristics of the EPS produced by L. lactis showed that the EPS is of a good-quality polysaccharide with potential applications in the food industry.
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Ren, Z., D. Kim, A. J. Paula, G. Hwang, Y. Liu, J. Li, H. Daniell, and H. Koo. "Dual-Targeting Approach Degrades Biofilm Matrix and Enhances Bacterial Killing." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518818480.
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Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor responsible for a wide range of infectious diseases, including dental caries. Cariogenic biofilms are structured microbial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix that affords bacterial adhesion-cohesion and drug tolerance, making them difficult to treat using conventional antimicrobial monotherapy. Here, we investigated a multitargeted approach combining exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix-degrading glucanohydrolases with a clinically used essential oils–based antimicrobial to potentiate antibiofilm efficacy. Our data showed that dextranase and mutanase can synergistically break down the EPS glucan matrix in preformed cariogenic biofilms, markedly enhancing bacterial killing by the antimicrobial agent (3-log increase versus antimicrobial alone). Further analyses revealed that an EPS-degrading/antimicrobial (EDA) approach disassembles the matrix scaffold, exposing the bacterial cells for efficient killing while concurrently causing cellular dispersion and “physical collapse” of the bacterial clusters. Unexpectedly, we found that the EDA approach can also selectively target the EPS-producing cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans with higher killing specificity (versus other species) within mixed biofilms, disrupting their accumulation and promoting dominance of commensal bacteria. Together, these results demonstrate a dual-targeting approach that can enhance antibiofilm efficacy and precision by dismantling the EPS matrix and its protective microenvironment, amplifying the killing of pathogenic bacteria within.
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Habib, Sabiha. "Screening of Bacteria for Biosurfactants, Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms and their Impact on Growth Stimulation of Zea mays Grown under Petrol Stress." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 26, no. 02 (August 1, 2021): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1839.
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Environmental stress imposed by petroleum hydrocarbons can compensate by use of auxin-producing bacteria having potential for biosurfactants production, to assist improved plants’ growth in petrol contaminated areas. In the present work, four auxin-producing bacteria were screened for biosurfactants, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and biofilms production capability. We hypothesized that Enterobacter sp. (A5C) was the most efficient strain with respect to biosurfactant production and can accumulate EPS as well as biofilms. This strain was attributed to exhibit emulsification index, percentage of hydrophobicity and percentage of hydrocarbon degradation more than 50%. Also, it produced 9.27 mg of EPS per 100 mL of culture while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of alcoholic and carboxylic groups, ketone and sugars in it. Results of in vitro plant microbe interaction assay revealed its potential to stimulate the growth of Zea mays L. plants under 1 and 2% of petrol stress by improving physio-chemical attributes of treated plants, over control. Thus, it is concluded that the test organism i.e., Enterobacter sp. (A5C) might be involved in developing bacterial community (EPS and biofilms) that helped to colonize the bacteria to the plant roots and soil particles that ultimately encouraged the more access to nutrients and protection of plant roots from toxins in soil ecosystem. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
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Mburu, Ann Wairimu, Josphat Igadwa Mwasiagi, and Joseph Kinyanjui Muiruri. "Influence of gin trash bacteria broth treatment on cotton fibres." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 24, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-10-2019-0051.
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Purpose Bacterial exopolysaccharides (eps) have fascinating chemical compositions, properties and structures which could be used in the modification of natural fibres. Bacterial eps have therefore been used to modify plant cellulose fibre surface and impart desired properties. The purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate the influence of gin trash cultured bacteria eps on the physical and structural properties of cotton fibres. Design/methodology/approach Gin trash soil sample was collected from a ginnery in Kenya, and physiochemical and microbial characterization was done. The soil sample was then fermented for 24 h before being used to treat raw cotton fibres at varied conditions of temperature, pH and treatment time periods. Physical and structural properties of the treated fibres were then determined using USTER HVI-1000 M700, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and compared with those of the raw fibres. Findings The bacteria broth treated fibres were found to have increased in strength, spinning consistency index, elongation and fineness by 25.44, 24.30, 11.70 and 3.60%, respectively. The variations were attributed to interactions of bacterial eps with cotton cellulose through hydrogen bonding. SEM and XRD analysis revealed an increase in fibre surface roughness and crystallinity, respectively. Originality/value Bacterial eps have been used to modify plant cellulose fibre surface and impart desired properties. Eps producing bacteria have been isolated from different habitats such as saline water, soil samples, food wastes and petroleum-contaminated soil. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, bacterial eps cultured from gin trash soil sample for modification of cotton fibres have however not been previously done, hence the originality of the current study.
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Paulo, Elinalva Maciel, Murilo Pinho Vasconcelos, Ivelise Santiago Oliveira, Helen Michelle de Jesus Affe, Rosely Nascimento, Itamar Soares de Melo, Milton Ricardo de Abreu Roque, and Sandra Aparecida de Assis. "An alternative method for screening lactic acid bacteria for the production of exopolysaccharides with rapid confirmation." Food Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (August 23, 2012): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612012005000094.
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The accumulation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by microorganisms occurs in the presence of excess substrate and limiting conditions of elements that are essential to growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and magnesium. The presence of EPS produced by bacterial cells contributes to slime colonies formation in solid medium and increased viscosity in liquid medium. This paper proposes an alternative method for screening EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria using solid medium-containing discs of filter paper that are saturated with active cultures. The screening was carried out under different culture conditions varying the type of sugar, pH, and temperature. EPS production was visualized by the presence of mucoid colonies on the discs, which was confirmed by the formation of a precipitate when part of this colony was mixed with absolute alcohol. The established conditions for obtaining a high number of isolates producing EPS were 10% sucrose, pH 7.5 and 28 ºC. This method proved to be effective and economical because several strains could be tested on the same plate, with immediate confirmation.
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Kabir, A., U. Shamsuddeen, and A. M. Magashi. "Screening For Potential Exopolysaccharide Producers from Lactobacillus spp Isolated From Locally Fermented Milk (Nono)." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2271.014.
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Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous bacterial sugar polymers with many applications in dairy, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, using it as thickeners, stabilizers, and gelling agents. The study aimed to screen for potential exopolysaccharide producers from Lactobacillus spp. isolated from locally fermented milk (nono). Twenty-five nono Samples were collected from Wambai market, Kano. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated using de Man Ragosa and Sharpe Agar. Isolates were identified by API 50 CHL kit and web and screened for EPS production in which the EPS was extracted and quantified using the phenol-sulphuric method. Next, the influence of carbon source (Glucose, Sucrose and Lactose) and concentrations on EPS were evaluated on some of the isolated strains. The functional groups of the EPS were confirmed using FTIR. The isolated Lactobacillus spp. were all Gram positive, catalase and oxidase negative, API identification yielded; Lactobacillus acidophilus 1, Lb. brevis 1, Lb. fermentum, Lb. paracasei ssp paracasei, Lb. acidophilus 3. Ten isolates yielded EPS in the range of 248.33mg/l - 07.83mg/l. The FTIR analysis of extracted EPS produced peaks around 3,300–881cm-1. Hence the study has brought to light the presence of potential EPS producing LAB in nono, which could be further exploited to harness their potential. Keywords: Exopolysaccharide, Lactic acid Bacteria, Lactobacillus spp, Kano
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Boke, Hatice, Belma Aslim, and Gulcin Alp. "The role of resistance to bile salts and acid tolerance of exopolysaccharides (EPSS) produced by yogurt starter bacteria." Archives of Biological Sciences 62, no. 2 (2010): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1002323b.
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The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relation between EPS production and resistance to bile salts and tolerance to low pH. Eight strains which produced the highest and lowest amount of EPS (16- 211mg/l) were selected among 54 bacteria isolated from yogurt. Additionally, they were tested for resistance to bile salts (0.15, 0.3 %) and tolerance to low pH (2.0-3.0). After treatment with bile salts and acid, viable bacteria (log cfu ml-1) were determined by surface plating. The high EPS producing strains (B3, G12, W22) showed a significant (P<0.05) protective effect against low pH (pH 2.0). All Streptococcus thermophilus strains showed a higher tolerance to bile salts than the Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strains. The high EPS-producing S. thermophilus (W22, T12) and L. bulgaricus (B3, G2) strains showed a significant (P<0.01) protective effect against bile salts (0.3 %).
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Behare, Pradip, Rameshwar Singh, and Rudrapratap P. Singh. "Exopolysaccharide-producing mesophilic lactic cultures for preparation of fat-free Dahi – an Indian fermented milk." Journal of Dairy Research 76, no. 1 (January 5, 2009): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029908003865.
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Forty seven exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing mesophilic lactic acid bacteria have been isolated from Dahi and raw milk and selected cultures were evaluated for their influence on rheological and sensory properties of fat-free Dahi. Two isolates namely B-6 and KT-24 that showed promising technological attributes were identified as Lc. lactis subsp. lactis strains. B-6 produced 184±2 mg/l EPS in deproteinized whey medium compared with 193±1 mg/l by KT-24. EPS produced by B-6 was a heteropolysaccharide (consisting of glucose and mannose, 1:7·4) with molecular weight of 3·0×104 Da whereas KT-24 EPS was a homopolysaccharide (rhamnose) having molecular weight of 4·5×104 Da. Both EPS producing cultures showed significant changes in rheological and sensory properties of fat-free Dahi. Dahi prepared by these cultures was more viscous, adhesive, sticky, showed lower susceptibility to whey separation, and received higher sensory scores than Dahi prepared with non-EPS producing culture.
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Yang, Xiaoyu, Jiao Feng, Qianqian Zhu, Rui Hong, and Liang Li. "A Relation between Exopolysaccharide from Lactic Acid Bacteria and Properties of Fermentation Induced Soybean Protein Gels." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010090.
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Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is considered to be an effective texture improver. The effect of LAB strains (different EPS production capacity) on physicochemical properties (texture profile, water distribution, rheological properties, and microstructure), protein conformation, and chemical forces of soybean protein gel was investigated. Correlations between EPS yield and gel properties were established. Large masses of EPS were isolated from L. casei fermentation gel (L. casei-G, 677.01 ± 19.82 mg/kg). Gel with the highest hardness (319.74 ± 9.98 g) and water holding capacity (WHC, 87.74 ± 2.00%) was also formed with L. casei. The conversion of β-sheet to α-helix, the increased hydrophobic interaction and ionic bond helped to form an ordered gel network. The yield was positively correlated with hardness, WHC, A22, viscoelasticity, and viscosity, but negatively correlated with A23 (p < 0.05). The macromolecular properties of EPS (especially the yield) and its incompatibility with proteins could be explained as the main reason for improving gel properties. In conclusion, the EPS producing LAB, especially L. casei used in our study, is the best ordinary coagulate replacement in soybean-based products.
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Prete, Roberta, Mohammad Khairul Alam, Giorgia Perpetuini, Carlo Perla, Paola Pittia, and Aldo Corsetti. "Lactic Acid Bacteria Exopolysaccharides Producers: A Sustainable Tool for Functional Foods." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2021): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071653.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in the food industry, mainly for the production of dairy products, are able to synthetize exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS play a central role in the assessment of rheological and sensory characteristics of dairy products since they positively influence texture and organoleptic properties. Besides these, EPS have gained relevant interest for pharmacological and nutraceutical applications due to their biocompatibility, non-toxicity and biodegradability. These bioactive compounds may act as antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, antimicrobial and prebiotic agents. This review provides an overview of exopolysaccharide-producing LAB, with an insight on the factors affecting EPS production, their dairy industrial applications and health benefits.
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Wang, Hui, Xinyuan Zhang, Xinfang Kou, Zhengyuan Zhai, and Yanling Hao. "A Ropy Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Bi-OTA128 Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice." Nutrients 15, no. 23 (December 1, 2023): 4993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15234993.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease associated with overactive inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Owing to the beneficial effects of bifidobacteria on IBD treatment, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammation effects of an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing strain Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Bi-OTA128 through a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. B. pseudocatenulatum treatment improved DSS-induced colitis symptoms and maintained intestinal barrier integrity by up-regulating MUC2 and tight junctions’ expression. The oxidative stress was reduced after B. pseudocatenulatum treatment by increasing the antioxidant enzymes of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in colon tissues. Moreover, the overactive inflammatory responses were also inhibited by decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine of IL-10. The EPS-producing strain Bi-OTA128 showed better effects than that of a non-EPS-producing stain BLYR01-7 in modulating DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. The Bi-OTA128 treatment increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and decreased the maleficent bacteria Escherichia-Shigella, Enterorhabuds, Enterobacter, and Osillibacter associated with intestinal inflammation. Notably, the genera Clostridium sensu stricto were only enriched in Bi-OTA128-treated mice, which could degrade polysaccharides to produce acetic acid and butyrate in the gut. This finding demonstrated a cross-feeding effect induced by the EPS-producing strain in gut microbiota. Collectively, these results highlighted the anti-inflammatory effects of the EPS-producing strain B. pseudocatenulatum Bi-OTA128 on DSS-induced colitis, which could be used as a candidate probiotic supporting recovery from ongoing colitis.
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Zykwinska, Agata, Laëtitia Marchand, Sandrine Bonnetot, Corinne Sinquin, Sylvia Colliec-Jouault, and Christine Delbarre-Ladrat. "Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Bacteria as a Source of Glycosaminoglycan-Mimetic Exopolysaccharides." Molecules 24, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091703.
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Bacteria have developed a unique strategy to survive in extreme environmental conditions through the synthesis of an extracellular polymeric matrix conferring upon the cells a protective microenvironment. The main structural component of this complex network constitutes high-molecular weight hydrophilic macromolecules, namely exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS composition with the presence of particular chemical features may closely be related to the specific conditions in which bacteria evolve. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent bacteria have already been shown to produce EPS rich in hexosamines and uronic acids, frequently bearing some sulfate groups. Such a particular composition ensures interesting functional properties, including biological activities mimicking those known for glycosaminoglycans (GAG). The aim of the present study was to go further into the exploration of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent IFREMER (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) collection of bacteria to discover new strains able to excrete EPS endowed with GAG-like structural features. After the screening of our whole collection containing 692 strains, 38 bacteria have been selected for EPS production at the laboratory scale. EPS-producing strains were identified according to 16S rDNA phylogeny. Chemical characterization of the obtained EPS highlighted their high chemical diversity with the presence of atypical compositional patterns. These EPS constitute potential bioactives for a number of biomedical applications, including regenerative medicines and cancer treatment.
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M, Bhavana M., and Vidya Prabhakar K. "Antibiofilm Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Nutmeg Oil against Bacillus subtilis." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 4 (June 20, 2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.4.02.
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Biofilm is formed by one or different types of microbes that can grow on different surfaces. Bacteria, fungi, and many protists can form biofilms. Biofilm formation requires cell to cell signaling mechanism which is defined as quorum sensing. In this work, we have studied about the antibiofilm activity of methanolic extract of nutmeg against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Our test extract inhibited biofilm production as well as eradication of pre-formed biofilm in B. subtilis. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is the biopolymer of microbial origin in which biofilm producing microbes are embedded. When test extract was treated with organisms producing biofilms it can also reduce the production of EPS of biofilm. All the quantitative analysis of this work concludes that methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans seed extract inhibited biofilm formation by 47%, eradicated the pre-formed biofilm by 28.5%, and inhibited EPS formation by 60%. All these quantitative tests were confirmed by microscopic analysis. All Our study concludes that M. fragrans seed extract can inhibit biofilm formation and can destruct preformed biofilm in Gram-positive bacteria.
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Mu'minah, Mu'minah, Junyah Leli Isnaini, Baso Darwisah, Abdul Mutalib, Andi Besse Poleuleng, Syarif Ismail, Andi Mega Ayu Lestari, and Muhammad Nasrul. "EFEKTIFITAS BIOAMELIORAN SEBAGAI PEMBENAH TANAH PADA TANAMAN CABAI KERITING (Capsicum annuum L.)." Agroplantae: Jurnal Ilmiah Terapan Budidaya dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Pertanian dan Perkebunan 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51978/agro.v12i2.701.
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So far, the function of EPS-producing bacteria has not been optimal. In this research, tests were carried out to find out and see the role of EPS-producing bacteria on plant growth as a biological fertilizer that can increase soil fertility, because EPS-producing bacteria can dissolve phosphate and fix nitrogen, EPS bacteria also produce IAA auxin. and also used as an active soil enhancer (Bioamelioran). This research aims to see and determine the effect of various concentrations of Bioameliorant (soil enhancer) and organic materials on the growth of curly red chili plants. This research used a Randomized Group Design (RGD) with treatment of various doses of soil enhancer (Bioameliorant), namely: control (B0), without bioameliorant (B1), 10 ml/l water (B2), 15 ml/l water and (B3) 20 ml/l water. Each treatment consisted of 2 units which were repeated 3 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The dose of organic material given was 30 tons/ha or equivalent to 53 grams/polybag. The experimental results showed that giving Bioameliorant to curly chili plants with a concentration (B3) of 20 ml/l of water, the highest plant height (109.66 cm), the highest number of leaves (31.33 sheet), the highest number of branches (15.33 branches), the highest number of fruit (22,66 pieces), the highest fruit weight (61.96 gram) and the highest root weight (18.02 gram). Based on the experimental results, it can be concluded that the application of Bioameliorants (soil enhancer) and organic materials gave the best results in treatment with a concentration of 20 ml/liter of water on the growth of curly chili plants
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Surber, Georg, Susann Mende, Doris Jaros, and Harald Rohm. "Clustering of Streptococcus thermophilus Strains to Establish a Relation between Exopolysaccharide Characteristics and Gel Properties of Acidified Milk." Foods 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8050146.
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In situ produced extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria are generally known to affect the texture of fermented dairy products; however, the interplay between EPS and product properties is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between concentration and properties of EPS, and gel formation of milk analysed by noninvasive Multispeckle Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy. Twenty Streptococcus thermophilus strains were classified with respect to EPS concentration (8–126 mg GE/kg) and ropiness (thread length: 15–80 mm). Five groups identified by cluster analysis demonstrate the high strain-to-strain variability even within one species of lactic acid bacteria. Results from acidification and gelation experiments averaged per cluster indicate that fermentation time and gel stiffness is higher for strains that produce ropy EPS. A further increase in gel stiffness was detected for strains that also produced cell-bound EPS, which underlines the importance of both ropy and cell-bound EPS for improving acid gel properties. The results may be helpful for a proper selection of EPS-producing starter cultures.
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Ilyas, Noshin, Komal Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar, Humaira Yasmin, R. Z. Sayyed, Wajiha Khan, Hesham A. El Enshasy, Daniel J. Dailin, Elsayed A. Elsayed, and Zeshan Ali. "Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria for the Amelioration of Drought Stress in Wheat." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 8876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218876.
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This research was designed to elucidate the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing bacterial strains for the amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Bacterial strains were isolated from a farmer’s field in the arid region of Pakistan. Out of 24 isolated stains, two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (Accession No. MT742976) and Azospirillum brasilense (Accession No. MT742977) were selected, based on their ability to produce EPS and withstand drought stress. Both bacterial strains produced a good amount of EPS and osmolytes and exhibited drought tolerance individually, however, a combination of these strains produced higher amounts of EPS (sugar 6976 µg/g, 731.5 µg/g protein, and 1.1 mg/g uronic acid) and osmolytes (proline 4.4 µg/mg and sugar 79 µg/mg) and significantly changed the level of stress-induced phytohormones (61%, 49% and 30% decrease in Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA), and Cytokinin (CK)) respectively under stress, but an increase of 27.3% in Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was observed. When inoculated, the combination of these strains improved seed germination, seedling vigor index, and promptness index by 18.2%, 23.7%, and 61.5% respectively under osmotic stress (20% polyethylene glycol, PEG6000). They also promoted plant growth in a pot experiment with an increase of 42.9%, 29.8%, and 33.7% in shoot length, root length, and leaf area, respectively. Physiological attributes of plants were also improved by bacterial inoculation showing an increase of 39.8%, 61.5%, and 45% in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content respectively, as compared to control. Inoculations of bacterial strains also increased the production of osmolytes such asproline, amino acid, sugar, and protein by 30%, 23%, 68%, and 21.7% respectively. Co-inoculation of these strains enhanced the production of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 35.1%, catalase (CAT) by 77.4%, and peroxidase (POD) by 40.7%. Findings of the present research demonstrated that EPS, osmolyte, stress hormones, and antioxidant enzyme-producing bacterial strains impart drought tolerance in wheat and improve its growth, morphological attributes, physiological parameters, osmolytes production, and increase antioxidant enzymes.
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Amrutha, TA, and AK Beena. "Microbial Exopolysaccharides: A Promising Health Booster." Journal of Phytopharmacology 12, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2023.12409.
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Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are long-chain polysaccharides that are synthesized and secreted by microorganisms into the external matrix. In bacteria, EPS can either be associated with the cell surface in the form of capsules or be secreted into the environment. The yield of EPS is influenced by various factors, including the growth conditions and composition of the growth media. EPSs are high molecular-weight carbohydrates that consist of a backbone of repeated subunits of monosaccharides in varying ratios. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in EPS-producing microbes with Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. These food-grade organisms have the potential to produce polymers that can control the rheological and functional properties of food systems. EPSs have also been reported to have prebiotic and immune-modulating functions like anticancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, etc. The increasing recognition of the association between EPS and health benefits suggests the potential of EPS-producing starters with functional characteristics in the production of value-added functional products. Such products align with consumer demand for natural and healthy alternatives with fewer additives. The exploration of functional means of EPS in Pharmacology will provide an opportunity to identify novel and robust microbial resources producing unique EPSs.
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van Workum, Wilbert A. T., Sophie van Slageren, Anton A. N. van Brussel, and Jan W. Kijne. "Role of Exopolysaccharides of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae as Host Plant-Specific Molecules Required for Infection Thread Formation During Nodulation of Vicia sativa." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 12 (December 1998): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.12.1233.
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Mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae bacteria that are affected in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) are unable to effectively nodulate their host plants. By studying defined mutants, we show that R. legumi-nosarum bv. viciae strains require EPS for formation of infection threads in Vicia sativa (vetch) as well as for efficient induction of tight root hair curling. Results of coinoculation experiments with the EPS-deficient pssD111 mutant of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae in combination with heterologous EPS-producing strains indicated that vetch has certain structural requirements for rhizobial EPS to function in symbiosis. We hypothesize that EPS accelerates root hair curling and infection to such an extent that rhizobial root penetration precedes a plant defense response.
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Xue, Zhanfang, Shuting Zhao, Nomin Bold, Jianguo Zhang, Zhimin Hu, Xiaofeng Hu, Ying Gao, Shaolin Chen, and Yahong Wei. "Screening and Characterization of Two Extracellular Polysaccharide-Producing Bacteria from the Biocrust of the Mu Us Desert." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 5521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185521.
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The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix embedding microbial cells and soil particles plays an important role in the development of biological soil crusts (BSCs), which is widely recognized as beneficial to soil fertility in dryland worldwide. This study examined the EPS-producing bacterial strains YL24-1 and YL24-3 isolated from sandy soil in the Mu Us Desert in Yulin, Shaanxi province, China. The strains YL24-1 and YL24-3 were able to efficiently produce EPS; the levels of EPS were determined to be 257.22 μg/mL and 83.41 μg/mL in cultures grown for 72 h and were identified as Sinorhizobium meliloti and Pedobacter sp., respectively. When the strain YL24-3 was compared to Pedobacter yulinensis YL28-9T using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the resemblance was 98.6% and the strain was classified as Pedobacter sp. using physiological and biochemical analysis. Furthermore, strain YL24-3 was also identified as a subspecies of Pedobacter yulinensis YL28-9T on the basis of DNA–DNA hybridization and polar lipid analysis compared with YL28-9T. On the basis of the EPS-related genes of relevant strains in the GenBank, several EPS-related genes were cloned and sequenced in the strain YL24-1, including those potentially involved in EPS synthesis, assembly, transport, and secretion. Given the differences of the strains in EPS production, it is possible that the differences in gene sequences result in variations in the enzyme/protein activities for EPS biosynthesis, assembly, transport, and secretion. The results provide preliminary evidence of various contributions of bacterial strains to the formation of EPS matrix in the Mu Us Desert.
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Netrusov, Alexander I., Elena V. Liyaskina, Irina V. Kurgaeva, Alexandra U. Liyaskina, Guang Yang, and Viktor V. Revin. "Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria: A Review." Microorganisms 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061541.
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Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in environmental remediation. The interest in them is primarily due to their unique structure and properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, higher purity, hydrophilic nature, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and immune-modulating and prebiotic activities. The present review summarizes the current research progress on bacterial EPSs including their properties, biological functions, and promising applications in the various fields of science, industry, medicine, and technology, as well as characteristics and the isolation sources of EPSs-producing bacterial strains. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the study of such important industrial exopolysaccharides as xanthan, bacterial cellulose, and levan. Finally, current study limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Uranga, Jone, Mª Goretti Llamas, Ziortza Agirrezabala, María Teresa Dueñas, Oier Etxebeste, Pedro Guerrero, and Koro de la Caba. "Compression Molded Soy Protein Films with Exopolysaccharides Produced by Cider Lactic Acid Bacteria." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092106.
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Two exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Liquorilactobacillus (L.) sp CUPV281 and Liquorilactobacillus (L.) mali CUPV271, were isolated from Spanish apple must. Each of the strains produced a dextran, with different branching degrees, to be incorporated into soy protein isolate (SPI) film-forming formulations. Films were prepared by compression molding, a more rapid processing method than solution casting and, thus, with a greater potential for scaling-up production. Thermal analysis showed that SPI and EPS start the degradation process at temperatures above 190 °C, confirming that the compression temperature selected (120 °C) was well below the corresponding degradation temperatures. Resulting films were transparent and homogeneous, as shown by UV-Vis spectroscopy and SEM, indicating the good compatibility between SPI and EPS. Furthermore, FTIR analysis showed that the interactions between SPI and EPS were physical interactions, probably by hydrogen bonding among the polar groups of SPI and EPS. Regarding antifungal/fungistatic activity, LAB strains used in this study showed an inhibitory effect on germination of fungal spores.
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Bello, O. O., F. T. Martins, T. K. Bello, I. A. Anuoluwa, M. M. Anyakudo, O. A. Amolegbe, and A. M. Ilemobayo. "Occurrence and Role of Bacterial Biofilms in Different Systems." Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica 39, no. 3 (September 2023): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59393/amb23390304.
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Bacterial biofilms are complex communities of bacteria that adhere to surfaces, including living tissues, and form a protective matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are widespread and play crucial roles in various processes, such as nutrient cycling, bioremediation, and biofouling. They have significant implications for public health. Biofilms provide an ideal environment for bacteria to exchange genetic material, including resistance genes, via horizontal gene transfer mechanisms such as conjugation, transformation, and transduction. Moreover, biofilms can protect bacteria from antibiotics and host immune responses, enabling them to persist and cause chronic infections. The EPS matrix, which can act as a physical barrier, limits the penetration of antibiotics into the biofilm, and the slow-growing or dormant cells within the biofilm are less susceptible to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. The significance of bacterial biofilms in the development of antibiotic resistance has prompted research efforts to understand their formation and mechanisms of resistance. Novel strategies to prevent or disrupt biofilm formation are also being explored, including the development of antibiofilm agents and biofilm-disrupting enzymes. Understanding the role of biofilms in the spread of antibiotic resistance is crucial for the development of effective treatment and prevention strategies to combat the chronic infections associated with biofilm-producing bacteria.
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Akeel, Raid Al, Helal F. Hetta, Sahira Nsayef Muslim, Israa M. S. Al-Kadmy, and Sarah Naji Aziz. "Broad-Spectrum Bioactivity of Chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase (Chitosan NAGH) Extracted from Bacillus ligniniphilus." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0363.
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Abstract Background: The genus Bacillus has species with strains that produce Chitosan N-acetylglucosaminohydrolase (NAGH), a hydrolytic enzyme. Objective: A novel bacterium, Bacillus ligniniphilus, was characterized as producing Chitosan NAGH. This study further examine its antibiofilm properties and its possible uses against biofilm-producing bacteria. Methods: Various sea soil samples were evaluated for the presence of Chitosan NAGH. The chosen isolate, Bacillus ligniniphilus 61, was then used to extract and purify Chitosan NAGH using precipitation in ammonium sulfate followed by polyethylene glycol–treated dialysis and gel-permeation chromatography. Biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial activity of Chitosan NAGH was estimated against different bacterial species. Both gene expression profiling of biofilm-related genes and an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) inhibition assay were performed. Results: The BL61 strain was able to produce much more Chitosan activity than the other strains, as the latter only exhibited antimicrobial activity at low concentration levels; however, they did show as antibiofilm agents at varying proportions. Chitosan NAGH caused a uniform decrease in EPS formation in each isolate. Many biofilm-related genes, e.g., IcaABCD, decreased, but genes related to autoinducer synthetase were not affected by Chitosan NAGH. EPS, which is responsible for polysaccharide formation, was underexpressed at 3-fold down. Conclusions: The current study results allow future researchers to look for better and newer compounds with the antibiofilm property that inhibits the formation of biofilm created by a wide range of bacteria without affecting their growth.
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Sun, Xiaohui, Qingye Lu, Yaman Boluk, and Yang Liu. "The impact of cellulose nanocrystals on the aggregation and initial adhesion of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria." Soft Matter 10, no. 44 (2014): 8923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00946k.
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Deposition on silica surfaces of twoPseudomonas fluorescensstrains (CHA0 and CHA19-WS) having different extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing capacities was studied in the absence and presence of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs).
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FUSCONI, R., and M. J. L. GODINHO. "Screening for exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria from sub-tropical polluted groundwater." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 2 (May 2002): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000200020.
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A selection of exopolysaccharide (EPS) -- producing bacterial strains was conducted in groundwater adjacent to an old controlled landfill in the City of São Carlos (São Paulo, Brazil). The strains were isolated in P and E media under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions at 25ºC. A total of 26 strains were isolated and based on the mucoid mode of the colonies, 6 were selected and their morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects were characterized. All strains presented pigmentation, ranging from yellow to orange and from pink to salmon, with a shiny glistening aspect in all tested media. Strains Lb, Lc and Lg, which excelled the others with regard to the mucoid mode of the colonies, were selected to be cultured in E medium with alternate sucrose and glucose as carbon sources in anaerobiosis at 25ºC to analyze the production of EPS. Strains Lc and Lg were classified as being of order Actinomycelates, suborder Corynebacterineae. Lg strain was identified as Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and Lc strain did not correspond to a known description and therefore a more detailed study is under preparation. Considering all ecological aspects and the metabolic potential associated with the microorganisms of the environment studied, as well as the capacity to produce pigment and EPS, and the presence of G. polyisoprenivorans, a rubber degrader bacterium, the potential of the groundwater analyzed is evident as a source of microorganisms to be utilized in studies related to environmental remediation.
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Latif, Muhammad, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Abdullah A. Alrajhi, Fahad S. Alotaibi, Maqshoof Ahmad, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Ahmed Z. Dewidar, and Mohamed A. Mattar. "Inducing Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Exopolysaccharide-Producing Rhizobacteria." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051140.
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Wheat is the main staple food in the world, so it is the backbone of food security. Drought not only affects growth and development but also ultimately has a severe impact on the overall productivity of crop plants. Some bacteria are capable of producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a survival mechanism, along with other metabolites, which help them survive in stressful conditions. The present study was conducted with the aim of inducing drought stress tolerance in wheat through EPS-producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In this regard, a series of laboratory bioassays were conducted with the aim to isolating, characterizing, and screening the EPS-producing PGPR capable of improving wheat growth under limited water conditions. Thirty rhizobacterial strains (LEW1–LEW30) were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat. Ten isolates with EPS-producing ability were quantitatively tested for EPS production and IAA production ability. Four of the most efficient EPS-producing strains (LEW3, LEW9, LEW16, and LEW28) were evaluated for their drought tolerance ability along with quantitative production of EPS and IAA under polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-induced drought stress. The jar experiment was conducted under gnotobiotic conditions to examine the drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, and two wheat varieties (Johar-16, and Gold-16) were selected for further experiments. The selected varieties were inoculated with EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains and grown under control conditions at different stress levels (0, 2, 4, and 6% PEG-6000). The strain LEW16 showed better results for improving root morphology and seedling growth in both varieties. The maximum increase in germination, growth parameters, percentage, root diameter, root surface area, and root colonization was recorded in Johar-16 by inoculating LEW16 at 6% PEG-6000. Plant growth-promoting traits were tested on the top-performing strains (LEW3, LEW9, and LEW16). Through 16S rRNA sequencing, these strains were identified as Chryseobacterium sp. (LEW3), Acinetobacter sp. (LEW9), and Klebsiella sp. (LEW16), and they showed positive results for phosphorous and zinc solubilization as well as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. The partial sequencing results were submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the accession numbers MW829776, MW829777, and MW829778. These strains are recommended for their evaluation as potential bioinoculants for inducing drought stress tolerance in wheat.
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Abd El-Ghany, Mona F., and Magdy Attia. "Effect of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacteria and Melatonin on Faba Bean Production in Saline and Non-Saline Soil." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (February 25, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030316.
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Soil salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture, as it affects crop growth and development. The present study focuses on the integration of eco-friendly biostimulants in salinity stress as a strategy to achieve the alleviation of abiotic stress. Field experiments were conducted at two locations, consisting of saline and non-saline soil, to investigate the utilization of exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) and melatonin at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on the growth and production of faba bean plants. Salinity stress caused a reduction in all measured parameters of the faba bean plants grown in the saline soil relative to the plants grown in the non-saline soil. The addition of bacteria and/or melatonin significantly increased the growth parameters and yield components under both soils compared to the respective control plants. Both bacteria inoculation and melatonin application enhanced N, P, and K concentrations; the proline content; RWC%; and the K+/Na+ ratio; however, Na+ and Cl− concentrations were decreased significantly in salt-stressed faba beans. The combined use of bacteria and melatonin exhibited the highest stimulating effects. The present study recommends the combined use of EPS-producing bacteria and melatonin for the salinity stress management strategy of faba bean.
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Fan, Yang, Xinqin Li, Rong Tian, Ruxue Tang, and Jianguo Zhang. "Characterization and Biological Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide Produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus SSC–12 from Silage." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010018.
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In this study, 22 strains of exopolysaccharides-producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from silage, and the strain SSC–12 with the highest exopolysaccharide (EPS) production was used as the test strain. The SSC–12 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus, based upon 16S rDNA gene sequencing and Neighbor Joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of the kinetic results of EPS generation of SSC–12 showed that the EPS generation reached the maximum value at 20 h of culture. The characterization study showed the EPS produced by SSC–12 was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide comprising glucose (42.6%), mannose (28.9%), galactose (16.2%), arabinose (9.4%), and rhamnose (2.9%). The EPS had good antioxidant activity, especially the activity of scavenging hydroxyl free radicals. At the same time, the EPS also had strong antibacterial ability and could completely inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The EPS produced by the Pediococcus pentosaceus SSC–12 can be used as a biologically active product with potential application prospects in the feed, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Hindersah, Reginawanti, Dedeh Hudaya Arief, Soetijoso Soemitro, and Lukman Gunarto. "Pengaruh CdCl2 terhadap Produksi Eksopolisakarida dan Daya Hidup Azotobacter." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 12, no. 1 (November 20, 2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.12.1.34-37.
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The contamination of toxic heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) in soils will be endanger the human health because it ismore available comparing to another toxic heavy metals. One method of Cd-contaminated soil bioremediation isusing exopolysachharide-producing bacteria Azotobacter. Exopolysachharides (EPS) can mobilize Cd through theformation of complex Cd-EPS which sequentially can increase the availability of Cd for plants uptake. A laboratoryexperiment has been done to study the EPS production and the viability of six Azotobacter isolates in the liquidculture containing 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM CdCl2. The bacteria were cultured in liquid medium with and without CdCl2 for72 hours at room temperature. The EPS production was determined by gravimetric method after precipitationusing acetone and centrifugation at 7000 rpm. The result was that all of Azotobacter isolates produce EPS in thepresence of CdCl2. In the culture with 1 mM CdCl2, the density of Azotobacter sp. isolate BS3, LK5, LKM6 increasedsignificantly, and that of isolate LH16 decreased. No significant effect of CdCl2 on the density of isolate BS2 andLH15. This research suggested that some Azotobacter isolates were relatively resistence to the Cd and could bedeveloped as biological agents in Cd-contaminated soil bioremediation.
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Sun, Xiaofei, Yuting Niu, Yaoze Du, Chenxue Geng, Chunli Guo, and Lina Zhao. "Isolation and Identification of New Soil Strains with Phosphate-Solubilizing and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Abilities in the Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve of Luoyang City, China." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 3607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043607.
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The establishment of the Yellow River wetland nature reserves improves the local soil structure and fertility through the long-term succession of microorganisms. However, little is known about which indigenous microbial resources can accelerate the process of soil improvement and ecology restoration. To fill this gap, exopolysaccharides-producing bacteria and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples of the wetland nature reserve with higher soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and available nitrogen content. 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence homology analysis and physiological-biochemical assay showed that the strain PD12 with the highest phosphate solubilization activity and higher EPS production was identified as Klebsiella variicola, and other high yield EPS-producing strains (EPS12, EPS15, EPS18, and EPS19) were identified as Pseudomonas migulae, Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, Aeromonas media, and Pseudomonas vancouverensis, respectively. These results provided new potential microbial resources for the research and development of biofertilizers and added new insights into accelerating the restoration of physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil in the Yellow River basin.
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Angelov, Angel, Aneliya Georgieva, Mariana Petkova, Elena Bartkiene, João Miguel Rocha, Manol Ognyanov, and Velitchka Gotcheva. "On the Molecular Selection of Exopolysaccharide-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Indigenous Fermented Plant-Based Foods and Further Fine Chemical Characterization." Foods 12, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12183346.
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Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria present a particular interest for the food industry since they can be incorporated in foods via in situ production by selected starter cultures or applied as natural additives to improve the quality of various food products. In the present study, 43 strains were isolated from different plant-based fermented foods and identified by molecular methods. The species found were distinctively specific according to the food source. Only six Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, all isolated from sauerkraut, showed the ability to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). The utilization of glucose, fructose and sucrose was explored with regard to EPS and biomass accumulation by the tested strains. Sucrose was clearly the best carbon source for EPS production by most of the strains, yielding up to 211.53 mg/L by strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZE2, while biomass accumulation reached the highest levels in the glucose-based culture medium. Most strains produced similar levels of EPS with glucose and fructose, while fructose was utilized more poorly for biomass production, yielding about 50% of biomass compared to glucose for most strains. Composition analysis of the EPSs produced by strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZE2 from glucose (EPS-1) and fructose (EPS-2) revealed that glucose (80–83 mol%) and protein (41% w/w) predominated in both analyzed EPSs. However, the yield of EPS-1 was twice higher than that of EPS-2, and differences in the levels of all detected sugars were found, which shows that even for the same strain, EPS yield and composition vary depending on the carbon source. These results may be the basis for the development of tailored EPS-producing starter cultures for food fermentations, as well as technologies for the production of EPS for various applications.
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Lavanya, S., M. Jayanthi, D. Prakash, and M. Kavitha Rani. "Green Biocide from Boerhaavia diffusa Leaf Extract Inhibits Biocorrosion of Mild Steel (MS1010) in Cooling Towers: Bactericidal and Electrochemical Studies." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1108.012.
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In this study, we have investigated the antimicrobial effects of bacterial strains isolated and characterized from cooling water towers and biofilms niches of green biocide obtained from the plant Boerhaavia diffusa plant extract. Initially we have enumerated the viable bacterial cells from cooling water and biofilms of mild steel (MS1010). Various strains of heterotrophic bacteria that are isolated from viable bacterial colonies include iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB), Manganese oxidizing bacteria (MnOB), acid producing Bacteria (APB). Morphology of the isolated bacterial cells showed circular cells, slight yellow and gram positive rod cells. Specifically we have identified the selective bacterial cells as SKR-4 and SKR-7. Furthermore we have confirmed that the isolated strains SKR-4 and SKR-7 were capable of inducing corrosion of mild steel (MS1010), and it was confirmed using FITR and electrochemical studies like weight loss, polarization studies. Later we have tested the antibacterial effect of green biocide obtained from Boerhaavia diffusa and it was observed that 50 PPM green biocide was optimum for antibacterial effect of Boerhaavia diffusa. Also the same dose 50PPm was capable of inhibiting the formation of biofilm and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Taken together, our results showed that Boerhaavia diffusa plant leaf extract has the ability to inhibit the corrosion of mild steel (MS1010) and it is due to its antimicrobial efficacy and ability to inhibit the formation of EPS. However, our results are preliminary and further studies may be required to understand its mechanism of antibacterial action and to improve its efficacy on large scale levels.
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Chandran, Hema, and Kanika Sharma. "Bioprospecting of Traditional Sweet Manufacturing Effluent for Exopolysachharide Producing Bacteria and Their Biotechnological Applications." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13259.
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This work was aimed to isolate, purify, characterize and to study the biological applications of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Agrobacterium fabrum strain C 58 isolated from effluent of a traditional sweet manufacturing unit. The isolated bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum strain C 58 was found to produce 16.21 g/L crude EPS in terms dry weight at 28 0C when brown sugar was supplemented as the source of carbon. The polysachharide was further purified by anion exchange chromatography on a column of DEAE Cellulose -52 yielding one fraction which eluted at 0.2M NaCl. The monosachharide composition of EPS by TLC indicated it to be a hetero polysachharide composed of glucose, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The FT-IR analysis proves the presence of biologically important functional groups and alpha glycosidic linkage between individual glycosyl residues. The biopolymer at a concentration of 1 % exhibited significant lipid emulsifying capacity against various vegetable oils. The effectiveness of polysaccharide in inhibiting free radicals evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging appeared to be significant. This is the first report about isolation of potent EPS producers from a traditional sweet manufacturing unit effluent which confirms that these samples can be used as a potential habitat for bioprospecting extracellular polymer producing bacteria. The diversity offered by microorganisms in these diverse habitats thus renders a hope for screening new habitats for isolating and developing new polysaccharides with properties superior to those of the existing polymers.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 520-527