Journal articles: 'Epoxy Glass Fiber'

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Asadi, Amir, Ferdinand Baaij, Robert J. Moon, Tequila AL Harris, and Kyriaki Kalaitzidou. "Lightweight alternatives to glass fiber/epoxy sheet molding compound composites: A feasibility study." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 14 (December 11, 2018): 1985–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318817814.

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The focus of this study is to (i) understand the effect of the fiber type and content on the mechanical properties of sheet-molding compounds composites and (ii) investigate possible lightweight alternatives to glass fibers-sheet molding compound composites. Glass fiber and basalt fibers are used to make sheet-molding compound composites and the mechanical performance are determined as a function of the fiber type and content. In addition, cellulose nanocrystals are used to enhance the properties of the sheet-molding compound resin system. The possibility of lightweighting the basalt fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites is explored by replacing a portion of the fibers, i.e. 12–16 wt%, with a small amount cellulose nanocrystals, i.e. 1–2 wt%. No significant difference was found between the basalt fiber/epoxy and glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites in terms of mechanical and impact properties. When cellulose nanocrystals were added to the composites, the properties of glass fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites were enhanced while those of basalt fiber/epoxy sheet-molding compound composites deteriorated.

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Radulović, Jovan. "Hybrid filament-wound materials: Tensile characteristics of (aramide fiber/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composite and (carbon fibers/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composites." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 1 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2001036r.

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In this paper a tensile characteristics of filament-wound glass fiber-aramid fiber/epoxy resins hybrid composites and glass fiber-two carbons fibers/epoxy resins hybrid composites are presented. Basic terms about hybride composite materials (origin, reasons for manufacturing, advantages, definitions, levels of hybridization, modes of classifications, types, categorization, and possible interactions between constituents) and used reinforcements and matrices are described. For a manufacturing of NOL rings four reinforcements (glass fiber, polyamide aromatic fiber and two carbon fibers) and two matrices (high and moderate temperature curing epoxy resin system) are used. Based on experimentally obtained results, it is concluded that hybride composite material consisting of carbon fiber T800 (67 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (33 % vol) impregnated with epoxy resin system L20 has the highest both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value. The two lowest values of both tensile strength and the specific tensile strength have hybrid material containing aramide fiber K49 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) and epoxy resin system 0164 and hybrid NOL ring with wound carbon fiber T300 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) impregnated with the same epoxy resin system. This investigation pointed out that increasing the volume content of aramide fiberK49, carbon fiber T300 and carbon fiber T800 in appropriate hybrid composites with glass fiber GR600 increases both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value and decrease the density value, no matter the used epoxy resin system.

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Abdellah, Mohammed Y., Mohamed K. Hassan, Ahmed F. Mohamed, and Ahmed H. Backar. "Cyclic Relaxation, Impact Properties and Fracture Toughness of Carbon and Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 7412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237412.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates are experimentally tested. The relaxation behavior of carbon and glass fiber composite laminates is investigated at room temperature. In addition, the impact strength under drop-weight loading is measured. The hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate composite laminates with woven 8-ply carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy. Tensile tests, cyclic relaxation tests and drop weight impacts are carried out on the carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates. The surface release energy GIC and the related fracture toughness KIC are important characteristic properties and are therefore measured experimentally using a standard test on centre-cracked specimens. The results show that carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates with high tensile strength give high cyclic relaxation performance, better than the specimens with glass fiber composite laminates. This is due to the higher strength and stiffness of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy with 600 MPa compared to glass fiber-reinforced epoxy with 200 MPa. While glass fibers show better impact behavior than carbon fibers at impact energies between 1.9 and 2.7 J, this is due to the large amount of epoxy resin in the case of glass fiber composite laminates, while the impact behavior is different at impact energies between 2.7 and 3.4 J. The fracture toughness KIC is measured to be 192 and 31 MPa √m and the surface energy GIC is measured to be 540.6 and 31.1 kJ/m2 for carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates, respectively.

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Hari Ram, K., and R. Edwin Raj. "Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Sisal-Epoxy and Hybrid-Epoxy Composites in Comparison with Conventional Fiber Glass-Epoxy Composite." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.285.

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Polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers have been developed in recent years, showing significant potential for various engineering applications due to their inherent sustainability, low cost, light weight and comparable mechanical strength. Sisal is a natural fiber extracted from leaves of Agave Sisalana plants and substituted for natural glass fiber. Six different combinations of specimens were prepared with sisal, sisal-glass and glass fibers with epoxy as matrix at two different fiber orientation of 0-90° and ±45°. Mechanical characterization such as tensile, flexural and impact testing were done to analyze their mechanical strength. It is found that the hybrid composite sisal-glass-epoxy has better and comparable mechanical properties with conventional glass-epoxy composite and thus provides a viable, sustainable alternate polymer composite.

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M.P., Jenarthanan, Karthikeyan Marappan, and Giridharan R. "Evaluation of mechanical properties of e-glass and aloe vera fiber reinforced with polyester and epoxy resin matrices." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2018-0027.

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Purpose The need for seeking alternate materials with increased performance in the field of composites revived this research, to prepare and evaluate the mechanical properties of e-glass and aloe vera fiber-reinforced with polyester and epoxy resin matrices. Design/methodology/approach The composites are prepared by hand layup method using E-glass and aloe vera fibers with length 5-6 mm. The resin used in the preparation of composites was epoxy and polyester. Fiber-reinforced composites were synthesized at 18:82 fiber–resin weight percentages. Samples prepared were tested to evaluate its mechanical and physical properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Findings SEM analysis revealed the morphological features. E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite exhibited better mechanical properties than other composite samples. The cross-linking density of monomers of the epoxy resin and addition of the short chopped E-glass fibers enhanced the properties of E-glass epoxy fiber-reinforced composite. Originality/value This research work enlists the properties of e-glass and aloe vera fiber-reinforced with polyester and epoxy resin matrices which has not been attempted so far.

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Raghu, M. J., and Govardhan Goud. "Tribological Properties of Calotropis Procera Natural Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 895 (November 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.895.45.

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Natural fibers are widely used for reinforcement in polymer composite materials and proved to be effectively replacing synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composites to some extent in applications like domestic, automotive and lower end aerospace parts. The natural fiber reinforced composites are environment friendly, have high strength to weight ratio as well as specific strengths comparable with synthetic glass fiber reinforced composites. In the present work, hybrid epoxy composites were fabricated using calotropis procera and glass fibers as reinforcement by hand lay-up method. The fibre reinforcement in epoxy matrix was maintained at 20 wt%. In 20 wt% reinforcement of fibre, the content of calotropis procera and glass fibre were varied from 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%. The dry sliding wear test as per ASTM G99 and three body abrasive wear test as per ASTM G65 were conducted to find the tribological properties by varying speed, load, distance and abrasive size. The hybrid composite having 5 wt% calotropis procera and 15 wt% glass fibre showed less wear loss in hybrid composites both in sliding wear test as well as in abrasive wear test which is comparable with 20 wt% glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite which marked very low wear loss. The SEM analysis was carried out to study the worn out surfaces of dry sliding wear test and three body abrasive wear test specimens.

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Mousa, Saeed, Abdullah S. Alomari, Sabrina Vantadori, Waleed H. Alhazmi, Amr A. Abd-Elhady, and Hossam El-Din M. Sallam. "Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy Reinforced by Hybrid Short Palm/Glass Fibers." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 9425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159425.

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Natural fibers (NFs) have recently been the center of attention among researchers due to their low cost, availability, ease of manufacture, and potential environmental friendliness as reinforcing agents in composites. The present work deals with the mechanical behavior of palm fiber-reinforced epoxy-based composites with different weight percentage (Wt.%) ratios, ranging from 6% to 31.6%. Glass and hybrid fiber-reinforced epoxy-based composites were also examined. The indirect tensile test, i.e., diametral tensile test (DTT) and the small punch test (SPT), were used in the present work to determine the mechanical properties of the epoxy reinforced with discontinuous random oriented short fibers. Furthermore, short glass fibers were used to compare with palm fiber-reinforced epoxy. In addition, morphology observations of epoxy residue clinging to the natural fibers were carried out using the optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the natural fiber has a better adhesion bonding between the palm fiber/epoxy than that of glass fiber/epoxy. Therefore, adding palm fibers improves epoxy’s mechanical properties compared with synthetic glass fibers. The composite with high Wt.% of NF showed the highest diametral tensile strength (DTS), 21.74 MPa, over other composites. The DTS of composites with medium and low Wt.% of NF was lower than that of the high Wt.% by 14% and 30%, respectively.

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Witayakran, Suteera, Wuttinant Kongtud, Jirachaya Boonyarit, Wirasak Smitthipong, and Rungsima Chollakup. "Development of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Bumper Beam in Automobile." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.779.

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This research aims to use oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers to reinforce epoxy resin for bumper beam in cars to replace epoxy/glass fiber composite. EFB fibers were extracted by two methods; chemical method by treating with 10-30% sodium hydroxide (% by weight of fiber) and mechanical method by steam explosion process at 12-20 kgf/cm2 for 5 mins. Then, the obtained fibers were bleached by hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the chemical method can eliminate lignin better than the other and provided stronger fibers. Increasing of alkaline concentration yielded the decrease of lignin content and increase of cellulose content, while no significant difference on fiber size and strength was observed. In steam explosion method, increasing of pressure vapor affected to more dark brown color and disintegrated fibers. Therefore, the optimal method for preparing EFB fibers for reinforcement of epoxy composite was chemical treatment using 30%NaOH, followed by bleaching. Then, the EFB fibers extracted by chemical method at 30%NaOH were used for reinforcing epoxy composite with fiber contents of 0-10%w/w and compared to epoxy/glass fiber composite. The results show that flexural modulus did not increase with increasing fiber content. However, the chemical treated fibers can support composite from falling apart after testing like glass fiber reinforced composite with fiber contents upper than 7.5%w/w. Impact strength and storage modulus of alkaline treated palm fiber reinforced composites increased when fiber content more than 7.5%w/w. Thermal properties of composite, analyzed by DSC and DMTA, shows that the Tg increased with fiber content. Flexural modulus and thermal properties of EFB reinforced epoxy composites provided similar results to glass fiber reinforced composites. Therefore, EFB fiber reinforced epoxy composite could be an alternative green material for bumper beam in automobile.

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Sathish, S., T. Ganapathy, and Thiyagarajan Bhoopathy. "Experimental Testing on Hybrid Composite Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.339.

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In recent trend, the most used fiber reinforced composite is the glass fiber composite. The glass-fiber composites have high strength and mechanical properties but it is costlier than sisal and jute fiber. Though the availability of the sisal and jute fiber is more, it cannot be used for high strength applications. A high strength-low cost fiber may serve the purpose. This project focuses on the experimental testing of hybrid composite materials. The hybrid composite materials are manufactured using three different fibers - sisal, glass and jute with epoxy resin with weight ratio of fiber to resin as 30:70. Four combinations of composite materials viz., sisal-epoxy, jute-epoxy, sisal-glass-epoxy and sisal-jute-epoxy are manufactured to the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The specimens are tested for their mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength in Universal Testing machine. The results are compared with that of the individual properties of the glass fiber, sisal fiber, jute fiber composite and improvements in the strength-weight ratio and mechanical properties are studied.

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Arvanitopoulos, Constantinos D., and Jack L. Koenig. "FT-IR Microspectroscopic Investigation of the Interphase of Epoxy Resin-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963906717.

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Glass fiber-epoxy with composites were analyzed with the use of FT-IR microspectroscopy. With the use of spectral subtraction along with two-dimensional mapping experiments, spectral features characteristic of the interfacial region were revealed. Different types of glass fibers were used in order to observe spectral differences at the interphase. When as-received and heat-cleaned glass fibers were used, certain similarities were observed, although an inhibition of the curing seems to be taking place at the interfacial region of epoxy-heat-cleaned glass fibers. When the glass fibers were treated with an aminosilane coupling agent (γ-APS), there was spectral evidence that the glass surface was modifying the epoxy-glass fiber interphase.

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Frey, Marion, and Andreas J. Brunner. "Assessing glass-fiber modification developments by comparison of glass-fiber epoxy composites with reference materials: Some thoughts on relevance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 231, no. 1-2 (August 20, 2016): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716664199.

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Any approach for designing composites with improved mechanical properties finally has to be assessed for respective improvements achieved. Glass-fiber reinforced epoxy matrix laminates consist of several constituents. Pretreatment of the constituents, the processes combining the matrix with the reinforcing fibers as well as the curing of the laminate may all have an effect on the resulting mechanical or fracture properties of the composites. In this contribution, the authors present selected cases from recent materials developments, dealing with glass-fiber epoxy laminates for which a thermal fiber treatment for desizing was compared with chemical solvent desizing. While desizing with a solvent and resizing with another type of sizing yielded tensile and interlaminar shear properties comparable to those of laminates prepared from as-received fibers, but lower for desized fibers, resizing after thermal desizing treatment exceeding +500 ℃ yielded lower properties for laminates from desized and resized fibers, but roughly in the same percentage difference as chemically desized and resized fiber laminates. This raises the question of how material or interface modifications in glass-fiber epoxy composites can best be compared for an assessment of the improvements achieved by the fiber treatments or the fiber–matrix interface modifications.

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R., Giridharan, and Jenarthanan M.P. "Preparation and characterisation of glass and cotton fibers reinforced epoxy hybrid composites." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2018-0044.

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Purpose Natural fiber composites have been proven an alternative to conventional composites in many applications such as automotive and transportation industries owing to their eco-friendliness and abundant availability. Also, they are recyclable and biodegradable. Therefore, the need for composites having superior performance is increasing consistently, which has prompted the research reported in this paper. This paper aims to fabricate and evaluate the properties of hybrid composites using glass and cotton fiber with epoxy resin. Design/methodology/approach They were prepared by hand lay-up method, using e-glass and cotton fibers. Epoxy resin used in the preparation of composites. The composites were hybridized at two weight percentages (20 and 30 Wt.%). The prepared samples were tested to evaluate its properties, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and scanning electron microscope . Findings Microscopic examination revealed the morphological features. Hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composite (HFREC) exhibited better mechanical properties than the individual samples. It is clear that 30 Wt.% fraction of fiber is better in mechanical properties than 20 Wt.% fraction of fiber reinforcement in both glass fiber and cotton fiber as reinforcement. Also, the hybridization of fibers resulted in increase in properties. Research limitations/implications As cotton fibers are biodegradable, recyclable and lightweight, it has many applications and is mainly used as automotive components, aerospace parts, sporting goods and building industry when reinforced with glass and epoxy. With this scenario, the obtained results of cotton fiber reinforced composites are not ignorable, which could be of potential use, as it leads to better use of available natural fibers. Originality/value This work discovered the properties of e-glass and cotton fiber reinforced epoxy resin hybrid composites (hybridized at different weight percentages), which has not been attempted so far.

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Wang, Ying, Hui Li, Xiaodan Wang, Hong Lei, and Jichuan Huo. "Chemical modification of starch with epoxy resin to enhance the interfacial adhesion of epoxy-based glass fiber composites." RSC Advances 6, no. 87 (2016): 84187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18347f.

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Ahmad, Muhammad Ayaz, Hamza Rafiq, Syed Irtiza Ali Shah, Sabih Ahmad Khan, Syed Tauqeer ul Islam Rizvi, and Taimur Ali Shams. "Selection Methodology of Composite Material for Retractable Main Landing Gear Strut of a Lightweight Aircraft." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 5689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115689.

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The design and development of high-strength and low-weight composite landing gear struts is still a challenge in today’s world. In this study, a selection methodology for fiber-reinforced composite material for retractable main landing gear struts for specified lightweight aircraft up to 1600 kg mass is proposed. Four different fiber-reinforced composite materials, two each from the glass-fiber and carbon-fiber families, including E-glass fiber/epoxy, S-glass fiber/epoxy, T300 carbon fiber/epoxy, and AS carbon fiber/epoxy, were considered for analysis. For the design and analysis of a main landing gear strut, maximum landing loads for one point and two point landing conditions were calculated using FAA FAR 23 airworthiness requirements. Materials were categorized based on their strength-to-weight ratio and the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. Landing gear struts meeting the Tsai-Wu failure criterion, and having a maximum strength-to-weight ratio, were then modeled for performance under a collision detection test. This research concludes that T300 carbon fibre/epoxy is a recommended material for the manufacture of landing gear struts for specified lightweight aircraft.

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Yuan, Zhikang, Cheng Wang, Lijun Jin, Youping Tu, Yingyao Zhang, Zhenlian An, and Yongfei Zhao. "A Modified Langmuir Model for Moisture Diffusion in UGFRE of Composite Insulator Considering the Composite Degradation." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142922.

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Water invasion induced aging and degradation of the unidirectional glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (UGFRE) rod is inferred as the primary reason for the decay-like fracture of the composite insulator. In this paper, the moisture diffusion processes in the UGFRE from different directions at various test humidities and temperatures are studied. The moisture diffusion of the UGFRE sample obeys the Langmuir diffusion law under the humidity conditions of 53%, 82% and 100% at 40 °C. In deionized water, the moisture diffusion of the UGFRE sample also obeys the Langmuir diffusion law when the invading direction is vertical to the glass fiber. However, when the water invades the UGFRE sample, parallel with the glass fiber, the weight loss caused by composite degradation should not be neglected. A modified Langmuir model, taking Arrhenius Theory and the nonlinear aging characteristic of the composite into consideration, is proposed and can successfully describe the moisture diffusion process. Both the glass fibers and epoxy resin will degrade in the deionized water. The glass fibers show better resistance to degradation than the epoxy resin. The epoxy resin degrades from the glass fiber/epoxy resin interface and become fragments. For composite insulators, the water invasion through the ends should be avoided as far as possible, or the degradation of the UGFRE rod will result in decay-like fracture.

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Zheng, Yan Jun, Li Shan Cui, and Jan Schrooten. "Effects of Additional Reinforcing Fibers on the Interface Quality of SMA Wire/Epoxy Composites." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2047.

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There are only limited ways to improve the interface bond strength of SMA wire reinforced composites. In this paper, the effect of the additional reinforcing fibers on the interface debond temperature of a TiNiCu wire reinforced epoxy matrix composite was studied. It was shown that the Kevlar fiber composite had a better interface between the TiNiCu wire and the epoxy matrix than that in the glass fiber composite. The negative thermal expansion coefficient of the Kevlar fibers were thought to be beneficial for relieving the thermal stresses at the SMA/epoxy interface. From this angle of view, the Kevlar fiber composites are better candidates as the matrix of the SMA composites than the glass fiber composites.

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Yang, Peng, Qian Zhou, Xiao-Yang Li, Ke-Ke Yang, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Chemical recycling of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin using a polyethylene glycol/NaOH system." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 33, no. 22 (October 16, 2014): 2106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684414555745.

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A polyethylene glycol/ NaOH system has been used for chemical recycling of fiber/epoxy resin composites. Solvolysis of the composites based on different fibers, i.e. two PAN-based carbon fibers (Torry T300, T700S) and two glass fibers (non-alkali glass fiber and medium-alkali glass fiber), have been compared. The solubilization degree increases with rising reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as NaOH amount. After reacting at atmospheric pressure for 4 h at 200℃ with 0.1 g NaOH/g composite, a high decomposition efficiency of 84.1–93.0% has been obtained. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the two recovered carbon fibers and the non-alkali glass fiber have a texture similar to the as-received fibers, except that some residual resin adheres to the surface, while the medium-alkali glass fiber is damaged during recycling. Accordingly, the recycled carbon fibers and the non-alkali glass fiber retain 94–96% of their original strength, while the tensile strength of the recycled medium-alkali glass fiber decreases to below 90% of this value. The two carbon fibers were further characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The carbon structure is slightly oxidized and the degree of graphitization of the recovered carbon fibers slightly decreases.

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Mustapha, Rohani, Siti Noor Hidayah Mustapha, M. J. Suriani, C. M. Ruzaidi, and M. Awang. "Water Absorption Behaviour of Epoxy/Acrylated Epoxidized Palm Oil (AEPO) Reinforced Hybrid Kenaf/Glass Fiber Montmorillonite (HMT) Composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012013.

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Abstract The use of fiber-reinforced vegetable oil - polymer composites has increased in various technical fields. However, the long-term operating performance of these materials is still not well understood, limiting the development of these composites. In this study, the water absorption performance of hybrid composites, which consist of kenaf fiber and glass fiber as reinforcement, epoxy resin and acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) as a matrix, and montmorillonite (MMT) nano clays as a filler was evaluated with the function of different fibers layering order. The hand lay-up method is used to produce the composites with the variable number of kenaf fibers and glass fibers layer sequences. The water absorption kinetics of epoxy/AEPO reinforced hybrid kenaf/glass fiber-filled MMT composites are described in this paper. It has been observed that the water absorption rate of the composites depends on the fiber layering sequences. The alternative sequence of Glass-Kenaf-Kenaf-Glass and Kenaf-Glass-Kenaf-Glass composites layers exhibited the lowest moisture absorption rates of 7.61% and 7.63%, respectively.

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Lin, Hai Chen. "Layup Analyzing of a Carbon/Glass Hybrid Composite Wind Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 87 (August 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.49.

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This thesis use AOC15/50 blade as baseline model which is a composite wind turbine blade made of glass/epoxy for a horizontal axis wind turbine. A finite element modeling of composite wind turbine blade was created using the SHELL element of ANSYS. Then we study how to use the carbon fiber material replaces the glass fiber to make the hybrid blade, and find a suitable layup to improve the performance of the blade. The hybrid blade was made through introducing carbon fibers. Different models, with introducing different number of carbon fibers, 75% carbon fibers replace unidirectional glass fibers in spar cap of blade model which can achieve best structure performance. The wind turbine blades are often fabricated by hand using multiple of glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin or glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. As commercial machines get bigger, this could not to meet the demands. The advantages of carbon fiber composite materials are used by blade producer. Studies show that carbon fiber has high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance fatigue properties. Carbon fiber is mixed with epoxy resin to make into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer is the one of best blade materials for resistance bad weather. The stiffness of carbon fiber composite is 2 or 3 times higher than glass fiber composite [1], but the cost of carbon fiber composite is 10 times higher than glass fiber composite. If all of wind turbine blades are made of carbon fiber composite, it will be very expensive. Therefore carbon/glass fiber hybrid composite blade has become a research emphasis in the field of blade materials. This paper gives an example of finite element modeling composite wind turbine blade in ANSYS by means of the medium-length blade of AOC 15/50 horizontal axis wind turbine. This model can be directly used in dynamics analysis and does not need to be imported from the CAD software into finite element program. This finite element modeling of composite wind turbine blade was created using the SHELL element of ANSYS. Then we study how to use the carbon fiber material replaces the glass fiber to make the hybrid blade, and find a suitable lay-up to improve the performance of the blade.

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Radulović, Jovan. "Hybrid filament wound composite tubes (aramide fiber/glass fiber)-epoxy resins and (carbon fibers/glass fiber)-epoxy resins: Volumetric, mechanical and hydraulic characteristics." Scientific Technical Review 72, no. 1 (2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2201033r.

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In this paper volumetric, mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of filament wound composite one fiber tubes and hybrid tubes are presented. Composite hybrid materials, produced by filament winding technology, are categorized according to different ways of classification of hybrid materials. Four fibrous reinforcement agents (glass G600, polyamide aromatic K49, carbon T300 and carbon T800) and two impregnation agent systems (epoxy 0164 and epoxy L20) are used for manufacturing of filament wound tubes. Density, tensile strength, specific tensile strength, hydraulic burst pressure and specific hydraulic burst pressure of two filament wound glass fiber/epoxy resins tubes (as starting materials) and of twelve filament wound hybrid tubes are investigated. Four highest values of tensile strength and hydraulic burst pressure are of the next schedule: hybrid tubes mark G600-T800/L20 (the highest), hybrid tubes mark G600-T800/0164, hybrid tubes mark G600-T300/L20 and hybrid tubes mark G600-K49/L20. Also, a row of four highest specific tensile strength and highest specific hydraulic burst pressure begins with hybrid tubes mark G600-T800/L20, but the schedule of the next three tubes is different due to density of aramide composite materials (hybrid tubes mark G600-K49/L20, hybrid tubes mark G600-T800/0164 and hybrid tubes mark G600-K49/0164). All filament wound tubes (single fiber tubes and hybrid tubes) with epoxy L20 have a slightly lower density value but higher values of tensile strength, specific tensile strength, hydraulic burst pressure and specific hydraulic burst pressure than appropriate tubes impregnated with epoxy 0164. Obtained results in this testing indicate and emphasize the importance of advanced reinforcing agents (aramide roving and carbon fibers), of impregnating agents (epoxy resin systems) and of the density of hybrid tubes, especially with aramide roving.

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Bejinaru-Mihoc, A., L. G. Mitu, and I. C. Roşca. "Stacking sequence effect on flexural behavior of hybrid GF/CF biocomposite used in orthopedics." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1256, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1256/1/012008.

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Abstract In the field of orthopedic medicine, hybrid biocomposites with epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fibers and glass fibers are being used. Through the hybridization phenomenon, appropriate properties can be obtained for the use of these biocomposites in the bone plate and external fixation. The paper presents the manufacture of hybrid laminate with epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber, three-point bending test method and the laminate layering sequence influence upon the bending behavior of composite biomaterial.

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Bejinaru Mihoc, Alexandru, Leonard Gabriel Mitu, and Ileana Constanţa RoŞca. "The effect of stacking sequence on flexural behavior of laminated hybrid epoxi biocomposite reinforced with glass and carbon fibers used in the bone plate and external fixation." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1256, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1256/1/012019.

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Abstract In the field of orthopedic medicine, hybrid biocomposites with epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fibers and glass fibers are being used. Through the hybridization phenomenon, appropriate properties can be obtained for the use of these biocomposites in the bone plate and external fixation. The paper presents the manufacture of hybrid laminate with epoxy matrix reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber, three-point bending test method and the influence of the laminate layering sequence on the bending behavior of composite biomaterial.

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Wan Dalina, Wan Ahmad Dahalan, M. Mariatti, Radziana Ramlee, Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "Comparison on the Properties of Glass Fiber/MWCNT/Epoxy and Carbon Fiber/MWCNT/Epoxy Composites." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.32.

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A hand lay-up and vacuum bagging method was used in this study to fabricate glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites and carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminates with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The density, flexural properties, and burning rate of the laminated composites incorporated with different concentration of MWCNT (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vol%) were investigated and analyzed. Trend in the density, flexural and burning rate of glass fiber composite laminates were compared to those of carbon fiber composite laminates. Effect of MWCNT concentration on glass fiber composites properties varies from carbon fiber composite laminates. Incorporation of 0.5vol% of MWCNT has increased flexural strength by 54.4% compared to 5-ply glass fiber composite laminates. Nonetheless addition of 1vol% of MWCNT has only increased flexural strength by 34% compared to 5-ply carbon fiber laminated composites. Incorporation of MWCNT has successfully reduced the burning rate of the glass fiber composites as well as the carbon fiber laminated composites.

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Reddy, D. Madhava, C. H. Rakesh, N. Karthikeyan, M. Ashok Kumar, and G. Nagaraju. "Utilization of Wallostonite/Quasi Isotropic S2 Glass Fiber Doped in to Epoxy on Mechanical and Thermal Properties." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 40 (October 2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.40.24.

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Study focused on the performance of injection moulded short Wallostonite filler and chopped glass fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. Results showed that hybridization of glass fiber and Wallostonite was found to be comparable to that of epoxy glass fiber composites. Analysis of fiber length distribution in the composite and fracture surface was performed to study fiber breakage fracture mechanism. The simultaneous compounding of epoxy with two fillers was done to obtain a hybrid composite. The mechanical properties of hybrid, injection molded, chopped glass fiber/ Wallostonite/epoxy composites have been investigated by considering the effect of hybridization by these two fillers. This system is expected to have considerable mechanical properties. It has been found that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The hybrid effects of the tensile strength and modulus were studied by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM) using the values of single fiber composites.

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Reddy, D. Madhava, C. H. Rakesh, N. Karthikeyan, M. Ashok Kumar, and G. Nagaraju. "Utilization of Wallostonite/Quasi Isotropic S2 Glass Fiber Doped in to Epoxy on Mechanical and Thermal Properties." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 40 (October 23, 2014): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-24av6e.

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Study focused on the performance of injection moulded short Wallostonite filler and chopped glass fiber reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. Results showed that hybridization of glass fiber and Wallostonite was found to be comparable to that of epoxy glass fiber composites. Analysis of fiber length distribution in the composite and fracture surface was performed to study fiber breakage fracture mechanism. The simultaneous compounding of epoxy with two fillers was done to obtain a hybrid composite. The mechanical properties of hybrid, injection molded, chopped glass fiber/ Wallostonite/epoxy composites have been investigated by considering the effect of hybridization by these two fillers. This system is expected to have considerable mechanical properties. It has been found that the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the filled epoxy were higher than those of unfilled epoxy. The hybrid effects of the tensile strength and modulus were studied by the rule of hybrid mixtures (RoHM) using the values of single fiber composites.

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Weller, Manfred, and Hassel Ledbetter. "Mechanical loss in a glass-epoxy composite." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 5 (May 1990): 913–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0913.

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Using a computer-controlled inverted torsion pendulum at frequencies near 1 Hz, we determined the mechanical losses in a uniaxially fiber-reinforced composite. The composite comprised glass fibers in an epoxy-resin matrix. We studied three fiber contents: 0,41, and 49 vol.%. Three mechanical-loss peaks appeared: above 300 K, near 200 K, and near 130 K. They correspond closely to α, β, and γ peaks found previously in many polymers. We failed to see a mechanical-loss peak for either the glass or the glass-resin interface. Between 300 and 4 K, the torsion modulus increased in the resin by a factor of 3.30 and in the 0.49 glass-epoxy by a factor of 2.37.

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Selmy, AI, MA Abd El-baky, and DA Hegazy. "Wear behavior of glass–polyamide reinforced epoxy hybrid composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 2 (November 11, 2018): 214–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718805127.

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The abrasive wear performance of glass–polyamide fibers/epoxy composites was experimentally studied using a pin-on-disc wear tester at different applied normal loads. Specimens were fabricated in inter-ply configuration using the hand layup technique. Specimens were subjected to distilled water and sea water immersion at room temperature for 200 days. The effects of the reinforcement hybridization, stacking sequence, and relative fiber amounts on the wear behavior of dry and wet specimens were discussed. Temperature rise at the specimen pin–disc interface has been measured. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that distilled water and sea water uptake of glass/epoxy composite is 2.5 and 2 times those of polyamide/epoxy counterparts. Correction factor decreases the diffusion coefficient by about 24% and 26% for, respectively, polyamide/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites. Hybridizing glass fiber composite with polyamide fiber could reduce the specimen’s weight loss during wear test for dry and wet specimens. Water uptake induces a significant decrease in wear resistance of the studied composites. Stacking sequence has a slight effect on wear resistance, while relative fiber amounts have a noticeable effect. The maximum temperature at the specimen pin–disc interface (21.5°C) was noticed for glass/epoxy composite under applied load of 10 N. As the applied load and the sliding time increase, the wear resistance of the composites decreases but the temperature at the specimen pin–disc interface increases. SEM observations show debonding, cracks, fiber fracture, and debris formation.

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Yang, Bo, Yanyun Mao, Yihui Zhang, Yi Wei, Wanshuang Liu, and Yiping Qiu. "Fast-curing halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins and their application in glass fiber-reinforced composites." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 18 (December 19, 2018): 3700–3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518819845.

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A series of novel fast-curing halogen-free flame-retardant epoxy resins were formulated and used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the optimized epoxy system could be completely cured in 0.5 h at 150℃ and had a glass transition temperature ( Tg) of above 130℃. The optimized epoxy system was also used as matrix resin to make glass fiber prepregs and composite panels. The flame-retardant properties of the glass fiber-reinforced composites were investigated, including the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flaming, smoke and toxicity properties. The glass fiber-reinforced composite had good flame retardancy with a UL-94 V-1 rating and high LOI of ∼36%. More significantly, the composite based on the flame-retardant epoxy resin showed lower smoke density compared with those based on phenolic resins. Finally, the glass fiber prepregs were used to fabricate honeycomb sandwich composites. The peel strength of the epoxy-based composites was almost twice that of the composites based on phenolic resin.

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29

CHIHAI (PEȚU), Rodica, Claudia UNGUREANU, and Vasile BRIA. "Effect of the Fiber Orientation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites on Mechanical Properties." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 45, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2022.2.03.

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Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites possess excellent specific strength, specific stiffness and controlled anisotropy for which these are extensively used in various engineering applications, like automobile industries, aerospace industries, marine industries, space industries, electronics industries and many more. Glass fibers (GF), carbon fibers (CF) and aramid fibers (AF) are common reinforcements for polymer matrix composites (PMCs). High mechanical properties and wear resistance behaviour of glass fiber reinforced composites are the premises for the current experimental research on the effect of fiber orientation on the tensile strength of the polymeric composite materials. The glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite was prepared by wet lay-up method, followed by thermal treatment.

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30

Samoilenko, Vyacheslav V., Aleksey N. Blaznov, Dmitri E. Zimin, Nikolai V. Bychin, Vyacheslav V. Firsov, and Maxim E. Zhurkovsky. "Thermomechanical Characterization of Glass Fiber- and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Plastics." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.196.

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The paper discusses measurement problems of heat deflection and glass transition temperatures of fiber-reinforced plastics by the Martens test and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). By using the Martens test, thermomechanical profiles were obtained for an epoxy binder and glass fiber- (GFRP) and basalt fiber-reinforced (BFRP) plastics under load ranging from 5 to 75 MPa. The onset temperature of severe deformation of GFRP and BFRP was found to be 15–20°С higher than that of the epoxy binder they were made of. GFRP and BFRP were tested by TMA in the lengthwise and crosswise fiber orientations. In crosswise measurement, TMA curves showed two noticeable inflection points corresponding to two thermal transitions. This can be explained by the cured binder being present in two states in the composites. The interfacial layer contiguous to the fibers had a lower glass transition temperature (Tg) than the matrix layer located in the interfibrous space; moreover, Tg of the composites under flexural load was similar to that of the matrix.

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Ramamoorthi, R., and P. S. Sampath. "Investigations of Water Barrier and Thermal Stability Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 550 (May 2014): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.550.14.

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This paper deals with the water uptake and thermal stability properties epoxy matrix /glass fiber composites reinforced with HNT (EP/GF/HNT nanocomposites). HNT at 2wt%, 4 wt%, 8wt% and 10 wt.% were filled in glass fibre reinforced epoxy polymer and placed in a water medium at room temperature. The result shows a dramatic decrease in water mass uptake of HNT filled composites. Hence the role of HNT on reducing water uptake is studied and results are compared with unfilled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Thermal degradation behaviour were also studied by thermogravemetric analysis (TGA) and it was found that the thermal stability of the nanocomposite increases with increasing the HNT content.

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32

Bambach, Mike R. "Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers." Fibers 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8100062.

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Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the use of natural fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites, such as flax, jute and hemp. Considering potential applications, it is of particular interest how natural fiber composites compare to synthetic fiber composites, such as glass and carbon, and if natural fibers can replace synthetic fibers in existing applications. Many studies have made direct comparisons between natural and synthetic fiber composites via material coupon testing; however, few studies have made such direct comparisons of full structural members. This study presents compression tests of geometrically identical structural channel sections fabricated from fiber-epoxy composites of flax, jute, hemp, glass and carbon. Glass fiber composites demonstrated superior tension material coupon properties to natural fiber composites. However, for the same fiber mass, structural compression properties of natural fiber composite channels were generally equivalent to, or in some cases superior to, glass fiber composite channels. This indicates there is substantial potential for natural fibers to replace glass fibers in structural compression members. Carbon fiber composites were far superior to all other composites, indicating little potential for replacement with natural fibers.

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33

Fathy, A., A. Shaker, M. Abdel Hamid, and AA Megahed. "The effects of nano-silica/nano-alumina on fatigue behavior of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 12 (July 28, 2016): 1667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316661870.

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This paper presents an experimental and statistical study of the fatigue behavior of unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite rods manufactured using pultrusion technique and modified with nanoparticles of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2) at four different weight fractions (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt.%). Tensile test was performed to investigate the influence of nanoparticles. Addition of alumina nanoparticles up to 3 wt.% increases the tensile strength by 54.76% over the pure glass fiber-reinforced epoxy specimen. For silica nanoparticles, there is an increase in the tensile strength of 31.29% for the content of 0.5 wt.% over the pure glass fiber-reinforced epoxy specimen. As the silica nanoparticles’ content increases over 0.5 wt.%, there is a decrease in the tensile strength. Rotating bending fatigue tests have been conducted at five different stress levels. Fatigue life of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite rods modified with alumina nanoparticles increases as the content of the nanoparticles increases. The effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the fatigue life of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite rods is relatively insignificant with a small improvement in the content of 0.5 wt.% silica above the pure glass fiber-reinforced epoxy specimens. Two-parameter Weibull distribution function was used to statistically analyze the fatigue life data.

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34

Junio, Raí Felipe Pereira, Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento, Lucas de Mendonça Neuba, Andressa Teixeira Souza, João Victor Barbosa Moura, Fábio da Costa Garcia Filho, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Copernicia Prunifera Leaf Fiber: A Promising New Reinforcement for Epoxy Composites." Polymers 12, no. 9 (September 14, 2020): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12092090.

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A basic characterization of novel epoxy matrix composites incorporated with up to 40 vol% of processed leaf fibers from the Copernicia prunifera palm tree, known as carnauba fibers, was performed. The tensile properties for the composite reinforced with 40 vol% of carnauba fibers showed an increase (40%) in the tensile strength and (69%) for the elastic modulus. All composites presented superior elongation values in comparison to neat epoxy. Izod impact tests complemented by fibers/matrix interfacial strength evaluation by pullout test and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed for the first time a significant reinforcement effect (> 9 times) caused by the carnauba fiber to polymer matrix. Additional thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG) showed the onset of thermal degradation for the composites (326 ~ 306 °C), which represents a better thermal stability than the plain carnauba fiber (267 °C) but slightly lower than that of the neat epoxy (342 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) disclosed an endothermic peak at 63 °C for the neat epoxy associated with the glass transition temperature (Tg). DSC endothermic peaks for the composites, between 73 to 103 °C, and for the plain carnauba fibers, 107 °C, are attributed to moisture release. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirms Tg of 64 °C for the neat epoxy and slightly higher composite values (82–84 °C) due to the carnauba fiber interference with the epoxy macromolecular chain mobility. Both by its higher impact resistance and thermal behavior, the novel carnauba fibers epoxy composites might be considered a viable substitute for commonly used glass fiber composites.

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Shadrach Jeya Sekaran, A., K. Palanikumar, Pitchandi Kasivisvanathan, and L. Karunamoorthy. "Mechanical Characteristics of Woven Banana and Glass Fiber Epoxy Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.110.

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Tensile, flexural and impact strength are considered as main criteria to determine the mechanical properties of any materials. These properties were determined for woven banana and glass fiber, reinforced epoxy composites. The hand-lay method of fabrication was employed in preparing the composites. Natural fibers offer both cost savings and reduction in density as well as environmental friendly when compare to glass fibers. As if the strength of natural fibers is not as remarkable as glass, fibers its specific properties are comparable.

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36

O’Donnell, Jacob, Vijaya Chalivendra, Asha Hall, Mulugeta Haile, Latha Nataraj, Michael Coatney, and Yong Kim. "Electro-mechanical studies of multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy reinforced composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 11 (February 21, 2019): 506–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684419832796.

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An experimental study is performed to investigate the electro-mechanical response of three-dimensionally conductive multi-functional glass fiber/epoxy laminated composites under quasi-static tensile loading. To generate a three-dimensional conductive network within the composites, multi-wall carbon nanotubes are embedded within the epoxy matrix and carbon fibers are reinforced between the glass fiber laminates using an electro-flocking technique. A combination of shear mixing and ultrasonication is employed to disperse carbon nanotubes inside the epoxy matrix. A vacuum infusion process is used to fabricate the laminated composites of two different carbon fiber lengths (150 µm and 350 µm) and four different carbon fiber densities (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 fibers/mm2). A four circumferential probe technique is employed to measure the in-situ electrical resistance of composites under tensile load. Although composites of both carbon fiber lengths showed significant decrease of sheet resistance under no mechanical load conditions, composites of 350 µm long carbon fibers showed the lowest resistivity of 10 Ω/sq. Unlike the resistance values, composites of 350 µm carbon fibers showed a significant decrease in Young’s modulus compared to 150 µm counterparts. For the electro-mechanical response, composites containing carbon fibers of 150 µm long demonstrated a maximum value of percentage change in resistance. These results were then compared to both 350 µm and no added carbon fibers under quasi-static tensile loading.

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Thakur, Amit Kumar, Ajay Kumar Kaviti, and J. Ronald Aseer. "Comparative Studies on Mechanical Performance of Epoxy and Polyester Hybrid Composites with Jute and Glass Layers." Materials Science Forum 1045 (September 6, 2021): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1045.226.

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The natural fibers are the alternative to glass and other human-made fibers, because of their low cost and readily available from natural resources and acts as a reinforcing material for the polymer composites. Jute is the most widely used natural fibers among the various fibers due to its superior characteristics. Composite materials are made with different materials that are physically and chemically different alienated by interfaces. In this work, epoxy and polyester hybrid composites reinforced with jute and glass fiber were fabricated by hydraulic press method and their tensile and impact properties were compared. The mechanical properties of jute/glass hybrid composites with different layers such as tensile strength, percentage of elongation and impact strength were evaluated using ASTM specifications. Tensile and Charpy impact test results indicated that jute/glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites have shown optimum properties than polyester composites.

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38

Abd El-baky, MA, MA Attia, MM Abdelhaleem, and MA Hassan. "Mechanical characterization of hybrid composites based on flax, basalt and glass fibers." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (May 25, 2020): 4185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320928509.

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An experimental study on tensile, flexural and impact properties of flax-basalt-glass reinforced epoxy hybrid composites is presented in this paper. Test specimens were fabricated by vacuum bagging process. The effects of reinforcement hybridization, fiber relative amounts and stacking sequence on the mechanical properties were investigated. Morphological studies of the fabricated and fractured surfaces through thickness were performed using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the developed hybrid composites display enhanced tensile, flexural and impact performance as compared with flax reinforced epoxy composite. The flexural strength increases when partial laminas from flax/epoxy laminate are replaced by basalt/epoxy and/or glass/epoxy laminas. Also, it is realized that incorporating high-strength fibers, i.e. glass or basalt, to the outer layers of the composite leads to higher flexural resistance, whilst the opposite was noticed for tensile properties. The fabricated hybrids were found to have economical and specific mechanical properties benefits. Fiber-relative amounts and stacking sequence have great effects on the mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of hybrid laminates are proven to be highly dependent on the position of the flax layers within the hybrid composite. The Hybridization with basalt and/or glass fibers is an effective method for enhancing the mechanical properties of flax/epoxy composites.

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Shekar, K. Chandra, Balasubramaniyan Singaravel, S. Deva Prasad, and N. Venkateshwarlu. "Effect of Fiber Orientation on the Flexural Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced, Epoxy- Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.502.

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Advanced continuous polymer matrix composite materials provide considerable increase in flexural property values as compared with their bulk and monolithic counter parts. In this research work the effect of fiber orientation on the flexural strength of epoxy matrix composite materials reinforced with glass fiber was studied. Filament winding technique was employed for fabrication of composite with various fiber orientations. The flexural strength value of the glass fiber reinforced composite was comprehensively studied by means of three point bending flexural test and analysed by scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were conducted as per ASTM standards and it was concluded that reinforcement with 0o orientation of glass fibers shown improved flexural strength as compared to 45o and 90o orientation of fibers.

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40

Doğan, Nurettin Furkan, Özkan Özbek, and Ahmet Erkliğ. "Effect of graphene nanoplatelets on mechanical and impact properties of an aramid/glass-reinforced epoxy composite." Materials Testing 64, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 490–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2064.

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Abstract This study aims to characterize and evaluate the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) added to the epoxy matrix and the fiber stacking sequence on the mechanical and impact responses of carbon/aramid hybrid composites. For this purpose, Aramid/Glass/Aramid and Glass/Aramid/Glass stacking sequences as well as full Aramid and Glass fiber configurations were used in an epoxy matrix with various contents (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 wt%) of GnPs. Tensile and flexural tests were conducted per mechanical characterization and low-velocity impact (LVI) tests with 30 J impact energy were performed by a drop-weight impact test. According to results, aramid fiber location has a significant effect on the peak load values, absorbed energy, and displacement of the hybrid composites. In addition, the inclusion of 0.25 wt% GnPs into the epoxy matrix increased the LVI properties of pure glass and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. However, the incorporation of GnPs into the epoxy matrix caused a deterioration in the LVI properties of the aramid fiber-reinforced composite plates. Moreover, the best increase in the mechanical properties of pure and hybrid fiber-reinforced composites was obtained by adding 0.1 and 0.25% wt% GnPs into the epoxy matrix.

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Tsai, Jia Lin, Jui Ching Kuo, and Shin Ming Hsu. "Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.37.

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This research is aimed to fabricate glass fiber/epoxy nanocomposites containing organoclay as well as to understand the organoclay effect on the in-plane shear strength of the nanocomposites. To demonstrate the organoclay effect, three different loadings of organoclay, were dispersed in the epoxy resin using mechanical mixer followed by sonication. The corresponding glass/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared by impregnating the organoclay epoxy mixture into the dry glass fiber through a vacuum hand lay-up process. Off-axis block glass/epoxy nanocomposites were tested in compression to produce in-plane shear failure. It is noted only the specimens showing in-plane shear failure mode were concerned in this study. Through coordinate transformation law, the uniaxial failure stresses were then converted to a plot of shear stress versus transverse normal stress from which the in-plane shear strength was obtained. Experimental results showed that the fiber/epoxy nanocomposite exhibit higher in-plane shear strength than the conventional composites. This increased property could be ascribed to the enhanced fiber/matrix adhesion promoted by the organoclay.

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Plappert, David, Georg C. Ganzenmüller, Michael May, and Samuel Beisel. "Mechanical Properties of a Unidirectional Basalt-Fiber/Epoxy Composite." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030101.

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High-performance composites based on basalt fibers are becoming increasingly available. However, in comparison to traditional composites containing glass or carbon fibers, their mechanical properties are currently less well known. In particular, this is the case for laminates consisting of unidirectional plies of continuous basalt fibers in an epoxy polymer matrix. Here, we report a full quasi-static characterization of the properties of such a material. To this end, we investigate tension, compression, and shear specimens, cut from quality autoclave-cured basalt composites. Our findings indicate that, in terms of strength and stiffness, unidirectional basalt fiber composites are comparable to, or better than epoxy composites made from E-glass fibers. At the same time, basalt fiber composites combine low manufacturing costs with good recycling properties and are therefore well suited to a number of engineering applications.

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LI, XIAOMIN, ZHENGHOU ZHU, HUI SONG, XUEJIAO XU, and ZHIBIN LIU. "ABSORBING PROPERTIES AND OPTIMIZATION OF Ni POWDER/M-GLASS FIBER REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITE PANELS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512002966.

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In this paper, Ni powder/M-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite panels with different Ni powders were prepared by mould pressing method, of which the ultrafine Ni powder is prepared by the liquid reduction method. The waveguide method can be used to measure the electromagnetic parameters of the samples in the frequency ranged from 8.2 GHz to 18 GHz. The results show that Ni powders distributed evenly during the M-glass fibers reinforced epoxy layers. The main absorbing mechanism of composite panels is magnetic loss. The absorbing properties of samples increase with the adding of Ni powder contents and the thickness of panels. Based on the theory of the transmission line, the optimization design of Ni powder/ M-glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite has been calculated. When the whole thickness of the composite panels is 4.6mm excepting the Al plate thickness with the absorbing layer of Ni powder/ M-glass fiber reinforced epoxy of 1mm, the whole absorbing properties improve gradually with the increase of frequency ranged from 8.2 GHz to 18GHz and the absolute value of the reflection coefficient R is above 10dB.

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B, Sandeep, Chandana R, and Chethan G. Rao. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Fibers Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites for Automobile Application." Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences 5, no. 10 (December 15, 2022): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i10.003.

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The current work focuses on the hand lay-up method for creating epoxy composites reinforced with S-glass fiber (Sf), carbon fiber (Cf), and E-glass fiber (Ef). The mechanical, physical, and morphological characteristics of the produced composites in various combinations were studied and compared. Mechanical tests revealed that the placing of the S-glass fiber in a specific combination in the hybrid system of the material improves tensile (206 - 227 MPa), flexural strength (289 - 364 MPa), Izod impact strength (423.36 - 466.19 J/m), Charpy impact strength (49.77 - 61.76 KJ/m2), Shore D Hardness (74 – 91) and density (1.23 –1.47 g/cm3). The trends for mechanical characteristics were validated by examining at the fiber-matrix interface, fiber pull-out, matrix fractures, and fiber deboning in the microstructure and fractured surface morphology of the created hybrid materials. Overall, it can be inferred from the findings analysis that by reinforcing S-glass fiber in epoxy matrix with in various fiber orientations significantly enhanced the properties of the generated hybrid composite materials. Thus, S-glass fiber with excellent strength properties, like other synthetic fibers, might be considered a good reinforcing material. The hybrid system and may be used for diverse applications in the area of automobile parts manufacturing that requires high mechanical resistance.

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Liu, Yunpeng, Mingjia Zhang, Hechen Liu, Lin Tian, Jie Liu, Chuanfu Fu, and Xiaotao Fu. "Properties of Basalt Fiber Core Rods and Their Application in Composite Cross Arms of a Power Distribution Network." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122443.

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As basalt fiber has better mechanical properties and stability than glass fiber, cross arms made of continuous basalt-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites are capable of meeting the mechanical requirements in the event of typhoons and broken lines in coastal areas, mountainous areas and other special areas. In this paper, continuous basalt-fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites were used to fabricate the core rods and composite cross arms. The results verified that basalt fiber composite cross arms can meet the strict requirements of transmission lines in terms of quality and reliability. In addition to high electrical insulation performance, the flexural modulus and the flexural strength of basalt fiber core rods are 1.8 and 1.06 times those of glass fiber core rods, respectively. Basalt fiber core rods were found to be much better load-bearing components compared to glass fiber core rods. However, the leakage current and the result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveal that the interface bonding strength between basalt fibers and the matrix resin is weak. A 3D reconstruction of micro-CT indicates that the volume of pores inside basalt fiber core rods accounts for 0.0048% of the total volume, which is greater than the 0.0042% of glass fiber rods. Therefore, improving the interface bond between basalt fibers and the resin can further improve the properties of basalt fiber core rods.

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Ikbal, Md Hasan, and Li Wei. "Effect of proportion of carbon fiber content and the dispersion of two fiber types on tensile and compressive properties of intra-layer hybrid composites." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 305–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516629146.

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Fourteen types of composite laminates—plain carbon/epoxy composite laminate, plain glass/epoxy composite laminate, and 12 carbon fiber–glass fiber/epoxy intra-layer hybrid composite laminates—were made with different relative proportions of the two fiber types and different dispersions. Tensile and compressive mechanical properties were tested and the results were simulated using the ABAQUS/Explicit commercial software package. The relative proportion of carbon fiber content largely affected the tensile and compressive mechanical properties and the so-called hybridization effect, and should be treated as one of the most crucial parameters. Though the degree of dispersion does not significantly affect mechanical performance, it certainly affects the failure modes of the composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that under both tensile and compressive loading, the low-elongation carbon fiber failed first, there was a stress drop in the stress–strain diagram, and then the materials continued extending; meaning that the rest of the load was carried by the remaining glass fibers. With a high dispersion of fiber types, composites tend to fail in a more controlled way, i.e. the curves have a plateau region at the end, and catastrophic failure is thereby avoided.

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47

Tiwari, Yogesh, Rishabh Gupta, Ankit Dubey, Shivam Kumar Tripathi, Avadesh K. Sharma, and Rajeev Singh. "Comparative Study of the Compressive Strength of Different Composites." International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE) 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijermce/09.08.a002.

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The epoxy resin has excellent tensile properties, such as tensile strength and elongation. However, these resins deform extensively under dynamic loading. Therefore, the reinforcement of epoxy is necessary to improve its mechanical properties (tensile and compressive). In the present work, the epoxy is reinforced with glass fiber, carbon fiber and steel mesh. The epoxy-based composites are fabricated by mixing and moulding process. The compression testing shows that the epoxy-based composites reinforced with different fibers have enhanced mechanical properties than unreinforced epoxy. The composites are reinforced with 10 wt. % steel mesh shows the highest strength of 123. 58 MPa compared to the strength of bare epoxy (71.80 Mpa).

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48

Karandashov, Oleg, and Viacheslav Avramenko. "Studies of Thermal Stability of Epoxy Compounds for Glass-Fiber Pipes." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.01.061.

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Adaveesh, B., K. C. Anil, M. Vishwas, and R. P. Archana. "Development and Property Evaluation of Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Laminate Composite: Jute/E-Glass/Carbon-Fabric-Final Revision." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.534.

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In this investigation, conventional hand layup method was employed to fabricate hybrid epoxy laminate composite. Jute fiber, E-glass fiber and carbon fiber fabrics of 500,200,200 gsm respectively were used as a reinforcements and epoxy with k-6 hardener was used as a matrix material. Tensile, compression and flexural tests were conducted as per the ASTM standards. It is observed that jute/carbon/epoxy laminate of 2mm thickness plate exhibits significant mechanical properties compare to jute/glass/epoxy laminate of 2mm laminate composite.

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Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole, Oluwaseun Temilola Ayanleye, Adeolu Adesoji Adediran, Baraka Abiodun Makinde-Isola, Anuoluwapo Samuel Taiwo, and Esther Titilayo Akinlabi. "Characterization of Wear and Physical Properties of Pawpaw–Glass Fiber Hybrid Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Structural Application." Fibers 8, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8070044.

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In this study, wear resistance and some selected physical properties of pawpaw–glass fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Two different layers of pawpaw stem—linear and network structures—were extracted and chemically modified. Hybrid reinforced composites were developed comparatively from the two fiber structures and glass fiber using hand lay-up in an open mold production process. The wear resistance was studied via the use of a Taber Abrasion Tester while selected physical properties were also investigated. The influence of the fiber structure on the properties examined revealed that network structured pawpaw fiber was the best as reinforcement compared to the linearly structured fiber. The addition of these vegetable fibers to epoxy resin brought about improved thermal conductivity and increased the curing rate while the wear resistance of the corresponding developed composites were enhanced by 3 wt% and 15 wt% of fibers from linear and network pawpaw fibers. It was noticed that linearly structured pawpaw fiber had its best result at 3 wt% while network structured pawpaw fiber had its best result at 15 wt%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Epoxy Glass Fiber'

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