Academic literature on the topic 'EPOXY-FREE WHITE'
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Journal articles on the topic "EPOXY-FREE WHITE"
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Mauri, Massimiliano, Leo Svenningsson, Thomas Hjertberg, Lars Nordstierna, Oscar Prieto, and Christian Müller. "Orange is the new white: rapid curing of an ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer with a Ti-bisphenolate type catalyst." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 13 (2018): 1710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01840a.
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Vidhi, Ankita, Anu, and A. S. Rao. "Spectroscopic characterizations of Dy3+ ions doped phosphate glasses for epoxy-free white LED applications." Optical Materials 132 (October 2022): 112863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112863.
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OKYERE, Mavis Sika, Lucas Nana Wiredu DAMOAH, Emmanuel NYANKSON, and David Sasu KONADU. "SYNERGETIC EFFECT OF A DRAG REDUCER AND PIPELINE INTERNAL COATING ON CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT IN OIL AND GAS PIPELINES: A CASE STUDY." European Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 3 (September 20, 2022): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ejmse.2022.07.03.195.
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A case study of a 20-inch diameter gas transmission pipeline assesses theoretically how the synergetic use of pipeline internal coating and drag reducing agent increases the flow rate of a pipeline and its impact on the pipe internal friction. The American Gas Association (AGA) equation and Modified Colebrook-White equations were both used to estimate the capacity of the pipeline in its existing state, after internally coating and after injecting a drag reducing agent in the internally coated pipeline. By means of both AGA equations and Modified Colebrook–White equations, it was observed that Internal coating with surface roughness of 0.0045mm can increase the pipeline capacity (flowrate) by up to 22% for gas pipeline systems. Also, the synergetic use of a pipeline internal coating such as polyamide epoxy or solvent free epoxy and a Polyacrylamide drag reducing agent can increase the pipeline capacity (throughput) above 115.53% for GNGC gas pipeline systems. The analysis shows that synergetic use of internal coatings and drag reducers increases the capacity of gas pipelines and is economically justified with a typical payback period of three years.
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Purdy-Ramos, S. I., E. E. Van Niel, M. S. Forbes, and R. M. Carey. "Use of conventional embedment procedures for post-embedding immunocytochemistry of secretory proteins." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1052–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157243.
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The methodology of post-embedding immunocytochemistry commonly employs regimens that are more technically difficult than conventional processing and staining of specimens for transmission electron microscopy. Among these regimens are the preparation of frozen thin sections and embedment in hydrophilic acrylic resins such as Lowicryl and LR White . Cryotechnology, however, requires special equipment and exacting preparation of specimens. Use of water-soluble resins likewise demands special care; for example, embedment in LR White involves titrating the dehydration solutions and maintaining oxygen-free curing conditions (usually in gelatin capsules, making selected orientation of specimens quite difficult). It is commonly supposed that conventional treatments such as exposure to osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate en bloc, with subsequent embedment in epoxy resins, are detrimental to antigenicity.Uranyl acetate block-staining can actually enhance immunocytocheinical staining of some epitopes . Though osmicated tissues have also been successfully immunostained , it is standard procedure first to treat the thin sections on grid with an oxidizing agent such sodium metaperiodate . We have found that a polyclonal antibody to renin effectively immunostains globular inclusions (granules) in juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of rat kidney. This can be accomplished both in unosmicated tissue embedded in LR White (Fig. 1) or in specimens (either intact kidney or isolated JG cells) that have been osmicated, uranyl acetate block- stained, dehydrated through 100% ethanol, and embedded in Poly/Bed epoxy resin (cured at 60 °C). Thin sections were collected on nickel grids and immunostained with Protein A-gold, without prior oxidation to remove osmium (Fig. 1). There are several distinct advantages of using the latter immunocytochemical procedure. First, tissues can be processed in a routine manner; in addition, specific orientation of specimens can easily be accomplished. Furthermore, curing of the embedment does not have to be carried out at low temperatures or in oxygen-free containers; this is particularly useful when processing cultured cells (Fig. 1).
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Serrano, Erik, and Bertil Enquist. "Contact-free measurement and non-linear finite element analyses of strain distribution along wood adhesive bonds." Holzforschung 59, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.103.
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Abstract The strain distribution along wood adhesive bonds was studied using a contact-free measurement system based on a white-light digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Two different specimen geometries and three different adhesives were investigated. The specimen geometries were according to the standards EN302-1 and ASTM D905. The adhesives tested were a phenolic resorcinol (PRF), a one-component polyurethane (PUR) and an epoxy (EPX). In addition to the experimental investigation, a finite element study using a non-linear fracture mechanics model for the adhesive bond line was carried out, aimed at investigating whether deformation measurements could predict differences in the mechanical behaviour of the adhesives. The measurement technique was found to be capable of distinguishing, in terms of their strain distributions at a given load, adhesives that differed markedly from one another. For example, the brittle PRF adhesive showed more localised strains than the more ductile EPX and PUR adhesives did at the same load level. Another conclusion from this study is that the measurement technique used is applicable to situations in which large strains occur. Thus, the technique used here is of great interest for use in the calibration of finite element models and constitutive theories and for the design of test set-ups.
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Baltić, Marija, Miloš Vorkapić, Milica Ivanović, Dragoljub Tanović, and Ivana Mladenović. "Modal analysis of composite plates: Digital image correlation method application." Tribology and Materials 2, no. 2 (July 2023): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2023.010.
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Composite materials and structures are widely used and applied in many industries owing to their advantages, such as satisfactory stiffness-to-mass ratio and corrosion resistance. However, during their operating life, responsible parts subject to complex loads may change and their properties might deteriorate. To ensure structural integrity it is necessary to monitor and regularly check the performance of composite structures. This paper investigates the change of frequency characteristics of two rectangular composite (carbon-epoxy) plates after inflicting structural damage. Following the necessary preparation of the structure's upper surfaces by white-and-black stochastic pattern, the responses (free vibratory movement) of structures to momentary excitation were recorded by an optical, contactless 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system that contains a set of ultrafast cameras. In order to determine the natural frequencies of the plates, the recorded time-domain responses were post-processed, i.e. converted to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The reduction in values of natural frequencies is observed on the damaged structures. The performed experiments demonstrate the applicability of the DIC method in the structural health monitoring of composite parts.
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Elsafi, Mohamed, Nouf Almousa, Fahad I. Almasoud, Mansour Almurayshid, Amjad R. Alyahyawi, and M. I. Sayyed. "A Novel Epoxy Resin-Based Composite with Zirconium and Boron Oxides: An Investigation of Photon Attenuation." Crystals 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12101370.
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We have attempted to develop the gamma radiation shielding abilities of newly prepared epoxy composites by introducing ZrO2. The radiation shielding parameters are experimentally reported below. The experimental setup included an HPGe detector and different radioactive point sources which emitted photons with energies of 0.06, 0.662, 1.173, and 1.333 MeV. The gamma radiation shielding abilities of the epoxy composites were examined in the context of the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), radiation absorption ratio, and other factors. The experimental and Phy-X results for the LAC were compared, and acceptable consistency was reported. The lowest LAC values were reported for EBZr-0 (free of ZrO2), and we found that the photon attenuation competence of the present epoxy improved as a result of increasing the ZrO2 content. We compared the LAC values for the present epoxy composites with other samples, and we found that the prepared composites with 20% to 40% ZrO2 had higher LAC values than epoxy with 30% Yahyali Stone. The HVL lengths of the epoxy composites reduced with the addition of ZrO2 for the four selected energies, which confirmed that introducing ZrO2 improves the radiation absorption abilities of epoxy composites. At 0.06 MeV, the HVL for the ZrO2-free epoxy was 2.60 cm, which fell to 0.23 cm after adding 40% ZrO2. The mean free path (MFP) for the prepared composites was less than 1 cm at 0.06 MeV (standard for EBZr-0), while it was 1.32 cm for EBZr-10. For the other energies, it was higher than 6 cm, and became higher than 10 cm at 1.333 MeV for all composites. The obtained results suggest that non-toxic, natural, and cheap epoxy composites with high ZrO2 content have the potential to improve the gamma ray shielding competence of epoxy composites for low energy radiation applications.
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Zhang, Li Juan, Chen Bo Wu, Fei Yang, Xiao Yi Geng, Meng Qian Li, and Ji Jun Xiao. "Preparation and Characterization of UV Curable Hybrid System Based on Free Radical and Cationic Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.141.
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A UV curable hybrid system with a dual mechanism of radical and cationic photo-polymerization, was investigated. A kind of free radical oligomer with low viscosity named hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl acrylate was first synthesized. The structure of the oligomer was characterization by FTIR. The UV curing processing of hybrid system was traced by real-time FTIR, and compared with free radical, cationic system. Thermal decomposition temperature and glass transition temperature of UV curing film for various system were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differental scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. And physical and mechanical properties of those curing films were analyzed and compared. The results show that the radical polymerization of double bond and cationic polymerization of epoxy group could occur simultaneously in hybrid system. The conversion rate of epoxy group for hybrid system was higher than that of epoxy group for cationic system, which demonstrated that the cationic photo-initiator (DPI·PF6) can be sensitized by the free radical photo-initiator (Irgacure 184). Compared with free radical and cationic system, the hardness and mechanical properties of hybrid system curing film were better than those of the cationic system curing film, while closed to those of free radical system.
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Zheng, Xiao Ling, Min You, Yong Zheng, Hai Zhou Yu, and Chun Mei Yang. "Testing and Analysis of the Inner Stress in Adhesive Coating Layer Using Strain Gauges and Finite Element Method." Materials Science Forum 490-491 (July 2005): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.490-491.667.
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The residual stress in epoxy adhesive layer deposited on metal and other substrate at room temperature is studied. With embedded strain gauges in arranged depth of epoxy layer, the strain changes in the adhesive layer induced by the curing procedure and the changes of ambient temperature were measured to evaluate the changes of residual stress in place during a period after the curing procedure finished. The actual strain in epoxy adhesive layer from curing is used to estimate the residual stresses in it. While taking the strain obtained from the surface of the adhesive layer as free strain, the residual stress can be calculated and presented a strongly cyclic variation with a period of 24 h. The inner stress is also analyzed using the finite element method.
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Netkueakul, Woranan, Beatrice Fischer, Christian Walder, Frank Nüesch, Marcel Rees, Milijana Jovic, Sabyasachi Gaan, Peter Jacob, and Jing Wang. "Effects of Combining Graphene Nanoplatelet and Phosphorous Flame Retardant as Additives on Mechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Nanocomposite." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102349.
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The effects of combining 0.1–5 wt % graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and 3–30 wt % phosphorous flame retardant, 9,10- dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as fillers in epoxy polymer on the mechanical, flame retardancy, and electrical properties of the epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. GNP was homogeneously dispersed into the epoxy matrix using a solvent-free three-roll milling process, while DOPO was incorporated into the epoxy resin by mechanical stirring at elevated temperature. The incorporation of DOPO reduced the crosslinking density of the epoxy resin. When using polyetheramine as a hardener, the structural rigidity effect of DOPO overshadowed the crosslinking effect and governed the flexural moduli of epoxy/DOPO resins. The flexural moduli of the nanocomposites were improved by adding GNP up to 5 wt % and DOPO up to 30 wt %, whereas the flexural strengths deteriorated when the GNP and DOPO loading were higher than 1 wt % and 10 wt %, respectively. Limited by the adverse effects on mechanical property, the loading combinations of GNP and DOPO within the range of 0–1 wt % and 0–10 wt %, respectively, in epoxy resin were further studied. Flame retardancy index (FRI), which depended on three parameters obtained from cone calorimetry, was considered to evaluate the flame retardancy of the epoxy composites. DOPO showed better performance than GNP as the flame retardant additive, while combining DOPO and GNP could further improve FRI to some extent. With the combination of 0.5 wt % GNP and 10 wt % DOPO, improvement in both mechanical properties and flame retardant efficiency of the nanocomposite was observed. Such a combination did not affect the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites since the percolation threshold was at 1.6 wt % GNP. Our results enhance the understanding of the structure–property relationship of additive-filled epoxy resin composites and serve as a property constraining guidance for the composite manufacturing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EPOXY-FREE WHITE"
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ANKITA and VIDHI. "SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DY3++IONS DOPED PHOSPHATE GLASSES FOR EPOXY-FREE WHITE LED APPLICATIONS." Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19556.
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The present work illustrates a detailed spectroscopic analysis carried out on dysprosium ions doped
Zinc Alumino Sodium Phosphate (ZnAlNaP) glasses with a chemical composition of (10-x) ZnO 20Al2O3-10Na2O-60P2O5- xDy2O3 (x = 0.1 to 2.0 mol%). The XRD spectrum recorded for an un doped ZnAlNaP glass demonstrates a broad hump confirming its non-crystalline nature. The
FT-IR and Raman spectrum recorded for an un-doped ZnAlNaP and ZnAlNaPDy1.0 glass
elucidates various functional groups and vibrational modes involved. The DSC & TGA studies
conducted on an un-doped ZnAlNaP glass revealed its overall weight loss and thermal stability.
The absorption spectra recorded were used to calculate the optical bandgap for the titled glasses
and were found to be in the range from 4.52 to 4.81 eV. To understand the applicability of the
titled glasses for epoxy-free solid-state lighting devices, photoluminescence (excitation, emission,
and decay) spectra were recorded and analysed. The photoluminescence (PL) emission recorded
under 350 nm excitation show two significant bands, 4F9/2 6H15/2 (blue) and 4F9/2 6H13/2
(yellow) at 484 nm and 573 nm respectively. Temperature-dependent PL studies conducted on
1.0 mol% of the Dy3+ ions in ZnAlNaP glasses revealed activation energy of 0.212 eV with a
percentage of loss 25.6% in PL intensity. The CIE-chromaticity coordinates and color correlated
temperature (CCT) were evaluated from the PL spectral characteristics. All the spectroscopic
investigations conducted on the titled glasses finally reveal their superior nature in fabricating
epoxy-free white light-emitting diodes and other related optoelectronic devices.
Conference papers on the topic "EPOXY-FREE WHITE"
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Marijnissen, Johannes P. A., and Willem M. Star. "Construction and calibration of isotropic light dosimetry probes." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.tho2.
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Measurements of the light energy fluence rate in turbid media (e.g., biological tissues) require an isotropic probe, which is a small bulb of highly light scattering material mounted on an optical fiber. For an isotropic response the bulb must be nearly spherical and the photon mean free path in the bulb must be small compared with its diameter. Using an epoxy mixed with a highly light scattering powder we occasionally obtained probes of good quality. Recently, bulbs with a diameter of not more than 0.8 mm have been reproducibly turned on a lathe from a hard white plastic. The probe can be calibrated in a parallel light beam in air. In a medium with refractive index n larger than one, the sensitivity of the probe decreases because more scattered light can escape from the probe. A calibration factor as a function of nis shown. The calibration for measurements in diffuse light has been checked in both a plane and spherical geometry. The optical constants of Intralipid were measured, and with these the energy fluence rate in optical phantoms of Intralipid with and without the absorber was calculated and measured, and good agreement was found.
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Stoffels, Mark T., and David A. Miller. "Effect of Externally Applied Stresses on the Moisture Diffusion Characteristics of Epoxy Glass Composites." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65638.
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A model is proposed which relates externally applied tensile stresses to changes in absorption capacity as well as diffusion rate. The model postulates that changes seen in the diffusion process are the result of stress-dependent changes in the free volume of the epoxy resin. The free volume changes of the resin are calculated through laminate plate theory, which itself becomes a function of fiber angle as well as a host of elastic properties of the constituents. Consequently, according to the proposed model, changes in diffusion parameters are dependent upon the magnitude of applied stress, the loading angle, as well as elastic properties of the constituents. Additionally, a finite element model is presented. The proposed finite element model establishes an analogy between thermal and mass diffusion for use in solving the moisture diffusion problems, both in free and stressed states. Input parameters for the FE model are found through use of the previously established mathematical diffusion model. In order to experimentally verify the proposed models, a series of epoxy glass laminate samples were manufactured at varying fiber angles and immersed in a moist environment while subjected to varying levels of tensile loading. Weight gain measurements were recorded throughout the diffusion process until full saturation was achieved. The experimental values exhibited excellent agreement with both the suggested theoretical model and the finite element model.
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Jahnke, Douglas, and Yiannis Andreopoulos. "The Shockwave Response of Thin Composite Materials." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88193.
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Impingement of blast or shock waves on structures is characterized by a substantial transient aerodynamic load that develops over the short time associated with the shock reflection time scale. This mutual interaction between the shock wave and the structure can cause significant deformation of the structure and high strain rates within the material resulting in damage. An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the aeroelastic response of thin flat plates of composite materials during face-on impact with planar shock waves. The experiments were performed in a large-scale shock tube research facility, which had a working section of 12 inches in diameter and a length of 80 ft. Phenolic composite S2-HJ1 plates of 1/8 inch nominal thickness consisting of 12 layers of fibers and epoxy composite S2 plates of 1/8 inch nominal thickness consisting of 10 layers of fibers were tested in the present investigation. Miniature semi-conductor strain-gauges of high frequency response, high speed photography and Digital Image Correlation techniques were employed to measure locally the strain on the exterior side of the plates and high frequency response pressure transducers were used to measure time-dependent wall and total pressure. In order to provide comparison with the response of monolithic material to similar compressive loadings, aluminum and stainless steel plates were also tested under the same conditions. The application of shock loading on the specimen causes significant permanent deformation on the plates which has been measured immediately after the experiment while the specimen is still mounted on the end flange of the shock tube. These experimental data obtained in the present experiments include the measured displacement of the external surface of the plates from their original position in the normal to the plate direction along the radius of the specimen. This displacement is highest at the center of the plate and zero at the location of clamping. The results show that the deformations of the thicker plates are still considerably lower than those obtained in the steel and thinner composite plates although the loading pressure is more than triple in magnitude and the corresponding impulse is about 2.3 times higher. Composite plates were found to suppress several of the modes of the wave patterns while metallic ones demonstrate a rich variety of interacting modes. The frequency content of the strain signals on the surface of composite plates was not always the same with the content of the surface acceleration measured in free vibration experiments.