Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Epitope'
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Lomas, Adrian John. "Poliovirus T cell epitope chimaeras." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318621.
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Perikala, Satish Kumar. "Evolution of Epitope regions in HIV genome: Delineating Selective Forces acting on Conformational and Linear Epitopes." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1270735952.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Kent State University, 2010.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 28, 2010). Advisor: Helen Piontkivska. Keywords: Conformational Epitopes; Linear Epitopes; HIV; Selective Forces; synonymous changes; nonsynonymous changes; Radical changes; Conservative changes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-96).
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Ruppert, Jörg. "Epitope-Tagging des humanen TSH-Rezeptors." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/223/Disse.pdf.
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Elmgren, Lindsay Dorn. "Epitope mapping of lyssavirus structural proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0014/NQ38783.pdf.
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Short, Andrew Keith. "Epitope mapping studies in systemic vaculitis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338103.
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Zhu, Yunyi. "Epitope Mapping using Local Alignment Features." Thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys, NA, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170658.
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Our immune system uses antibodies to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Antibodies bind to parts of foreign proteins with high efficiency and specificity. We call such parts epitopes. The identification of epitopes, namely epitope mapping, may contribute to various immunological applications such as vaccine design, antibody production and immunological diagnosis. Therefore, a fast and reliable method that can predict epitopes from the whole proteome is highly desirable. In this work we have developed a computational method that predicts epitopes based on sequence information. We focus on using local alignment to extract features from peptides and classifying them using Support Vector Machine. We also propose two approaches to optimize the features. Results show that our method can reliably predict epitopes and significantly outperforms some most commonly used tools.
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Marsh, Steven George Edward. "Epitope mapping in major histocompatibility systems." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361587.
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Sheth-Ughade, Parita. "Immunological responses to fungal epitope peptides." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/immunological-responses-to-fungal-epitope-peptides(1f8234cb-77e4-4577-a6ba-e57d502048a4).html.
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Introduction: Fungi are common aeroallergens responsible for at least 3% – 10% of allergic diseases worldwide, with the proportion hugely variable in different populations. Treatment is complicated by viable nature and disease causing ability of the allergen and is often only palliative. Thus, this study aimed to serve as a pilot investigation to design novel anti-allergy therapeutics to cure allergy at the molecular level. It investigates the effect of wild type fungal peptides and corresponding variant peptides on allergy associated immunological responses – cellular and cytokine based – to use such variant peptides to cause the delicate shift from an allergic to a normal immune response. Further, the study explores the role of bioinformatics in investigating allergy and designing novel therapeutics. Methods: This study used ProPred, a bioinformatics software, to predict wild type peptides from selected allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternata alternaria for a target population. These were then modified to generate single amino acid variants. Both these peptide sets were tested to compare the cellular and cytokine patterns they generated in sensitised (n = 3) and healthy volunteers (n = 3) to check for anti-allergy responses that may be exerted by certain variants. The recruited population was also subjected to skin prick testing (SPT, n = 46) to check for co-sensitisations patterns and HLA typing (n = 40) to evaluate ProPred accuracy for peptide prediction. This study also attempted an in silico search for unknown Penicillium chrysogenum allergens by comparing known Penicillium and A. fumigatus allergens to identify probable agents of co-sensitization. Results: Of the wild type and variant peptides tested in this study, one variant peptide – peptide 1.1v from Asp f 2 – was successfully identified to change the cellular and cytokine profile to promote an anti-allergic response when compared to its corresponding wild type form (1.1o). This candidate is a good target for further investigation for use in peptide immunotherapy. Further, 8 shared allergens between A. fumigatus and P. chrysogenum were identified that may possibly be agents of co-sensitization between these species. SPT results indicated maximum subject co-sensitization between A. fumigatus and Candida albicans and P. chrysogenum. HLA typing results demonstrated the efficiency of ProPred to be 96.29%, thus implying that bioinformatics can effectively be used to study allergy in this novel manner. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that variant peptides with a single amino acid change can cause the delicate shift from an allergic to a healthy immune response in sensitised subjects. This approach – in combination with other allergy associated factors such as epitope specificity for HLA types and inherent co-sensitization patterns in a population – can effectively be used to design peptide candidates for immunotherapy to target allergy at the molecular level. With promising results obtained in this pilot study, this approach guarantees further investigation in immunotherapy. This study has also demonstrated that bioinformatics can be effectively used to design and execute allergy studies in a targeted and inexpensive manner.
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EL-Manzalawy, Yasser. "Machine learning approaches for epitope prediction." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Forner, Mar 1980. "Multi-epitope peptide platforms for vaccine applications." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671028.
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Vaccination constitutes one of the most efficient and cost-effective methods of promoting global health. Nevertheless, few vaccines are fully effective, for manifold reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, peptide-based vaccines that consist of a fully synthetic approach mimicking B-and T-cell epitopes have emerged as an attractive alternative to overcome many such issues. Unfortunately, short peptides have generally been related to low immunogenicity and weak protection. In this thesis, we continue the progress towards the development of efficient peptide vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) –a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a major economic impact. Particularly, the protective immune response under different conditions (dose, duration, different T-cell epitopes and novel candidates) is assessed in animal models. Moreover, we report the chemical synthesis of higher polyvalent peptide dendrimers using “click” chemistry methods of chemoselective ligation.La vacunació constitueix un dels mètodes més eficients i rendibles per promoure la salut mundial. No obstant això, poques vacunes són plenament efectives, per diverses raons que van des de limitacions intrínseques a deficiències més contingents relacionades, per exemple, amb el transport, manipulació i/o emmagatzematge en cadena de fred. En aquest context, les vacunes basades en pèptids, que plantegen un enfocament totalment sintètic en la reproducció d’epítops de cèl·lules B i T, han sorgit com una alternativa atractiva per superar molts d’aquests problemes. Malauradament, els pèptids lineals i curts s’han relacionat generalment amb baixa immunogenicitat i baixa protecció. En aquesta tesi continuem avançant cap al desenvolupament de vacunes peptídiques eficaces contra la febre aftosa, una malaltia vírica del bestiar altament contagiosa i amb important impacte econòmic. En particular, hem avaluat la resposta immune sota diverses condicions (dosi, durada, diferents epítops de cèl·lules T i nous candidats) en models animals. A més, també hem desenvolupat la síntesi de pèptids multivalents utilitzant reaccions de lligament quimioselectiu amb la coneguda química “click”.
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Ludolfs, Diana. "Charakterisierung typenspezifischer B-Zell-Epitope der Flaviviren." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966135768.
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Polyak, Maria J. "Structural analysis and epitope mapping of CD20." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/MQ49652.pdf.
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Wightman, Lionel. "Linear epitope tagging of the prion protein." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282977.
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Robakiewicz, Stefania. "Minimal structural glyco-epitope for antibody recognition." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1S101.
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L'importance biologique de la glycosylation pour la santé et la maladie est largement reconnue. Les structures tronquées à terminaison mannose consistant en 1 à 3 résidus de mannose, deux N-acétylglucosamines et un nombre variable de fragments fucose sont appelées paucimannose. Les N-glycanes paucimannosidiques sont abondamment exprimés dans les plantes et les invertébrés. Cependant, chez les vertébrés, leur présence est limitée à certaines conditions pathophysiologiques, telles que le cancer, les troubles immunitaires, les infections et l'inflammation, et chez les individus en bonne santé, ils ne sont détectables qu'en quantités infimes. Il a été démontré que le Mannitou, un anticorps monoclonal murin, reconnaît spécifiquement les glycoépitopes de paucimannose.Une tentative de caractérisation de la structure de Mannitou IgM a été faite en appliquant des techniques de modélisation d'homologie, de microscopie cryoélectronique et de cristallisation. L'anticorps complet de Mannitou a été généré en utilisant la technologie des hybridomes. Le Fab recombinant de Mannitou a été exprimé avec succès de manière transitoire dans des cellules HEK293T. La spécificité de liaison de Mannitou envers différents N-glycanes de paucimannose ont été élucidées par une combinaison de méthodes expérimentales. Le criblage par microréseau a révélé que le glyco-épitope minimal était Man2GlcNAc2. À son tour, Man3GlcNAc2 a manifesté l'une des interactions les plus fortes avec l'anticorps Mannitou. Des études de reconnaissance moléculaire, utilisant des mesures de résonance plasmonique de surface et une calorimétrie de titrage isotherme, ont établi une affinité de liaison micromolaire de l'anticorps Mannitou envers le glycane Man3GlcNAc2. La cartographie de l'épitope de liaison par résonance magnétique nucléaire de transfert de saturation a démontré que Manα1-3 est le principal résidu impliqué dans la reconnaissance des anticorps de Mannitou. La régulation positive des N-glycanes paucimannosidiques dans des conditions physiopathologiques fait de l'anticorps Mannitou un outil diagnostique et thérapeutique prometteur.Pour déterminer la structure minimale des glycanes requise pour mimer l'activité antigénique du polysaccharide MenX natif, des études de résonance plasmonique de surface ont été réalisées. Les expériences ont consisté à étudier les interactions de liaison entre un anticorps anti-MenX et des oligosaccharides capsulaires du sérogroupe X de Neisseria meningitides de différentes longueurs. Les résultats suggèrent que la portion minimale de saccharide capable d'assurer une protection contre les infections à MenX pourrait être DP5, ce qui en fait un candidat prometteur pour le développement de vaccinsThe biological importance of glycosylation in health and disease is broadly acknowledged. The truncated, mannose-terminating structures consisting of 1–3 mannose residues, two N-acetylglucosamines, and a variable number of fucose moieties are termed paucimannose. Paucimannosidic N-glycans are abundantly expressed in plants and invertebrates. However, in vertebrates their presence is restricted to some pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, immune disorders, infections, and inflammation, and in healthy individuals, they are detectable only in trace amounts. Mannitou, a murine monoclonal antibody, has been demonstrated to specifically recognise paucimannose glycoepitopes. An attempt to characterise Mannitou IgM structure was made by applying homology modelling, cryo-electron microscopy, and crystallisation techniques. Full-length Mannitou antibody has been generated using hybridoma technology. Recombinant Mannitou Fab has been successfully transiently expressed in HEK293T cells. The binding specificity of Mannitou towards different paucimannose N-glycans have been unravelled by a combination of experimental methods. The microarray screening revealed the minimal glyco-epitope to be Man2GlcNAc2. In turn, Man3GlcNAc2 manifested one of the strongest interactions with Mannitou antibody. Molecular recognition studies, employing surface plasmon resonance measurements and isothermal titration calorimetry, established a micromolar binding affinity of Manniotu antibody towards Man3GlcNAc2 glycan (Kd = ~50 μM). The mapping of the binding epitope by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated Manα1-3 as the main residue involved in Mannitou antibody recognition. The upregulation of paucimannosidic N-glycans in pathophysiological conditions makes Mannitou antibody a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool.For determining the minimal carbohydrate structure required for mimicking the antigenic activity of the native MenX polysaccharide, surface plasmon resonance studies were performed. The experiments involved studying the binding interactions between an anti-MenX antibody and Neisseria meningitides serogroup X capsular oligosaccharides of different length. The results suggest that the minimal saccharide portion capable of ensuring protection against MenX infections may be DP5, making it a promising candidate for vaccine development
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Zandian, Arash. "Array-based Autoantibody Profiling and Epitope Mapping." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213689.
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Antibodies are a class of proteins that are made by the immune system to recognize harmful organisms and molecules. Their exceptional capability of specifically recognizing molecules has been investigated for over a century and information thereof has been utilized for a variety of applications including vaccine and generation of therapeutic antibodies. Occasionally, instead of protecting the host against pathogens, antibodies can recognize constituents of the host and thereby cause an autoimmune reaction that eventually can lead to a disease. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand what the antibodies bind to and their specificities. The last decades of technical development and availability of protein and peptide microarrays have enabled large-scale profiling of antibodies and precise determination of their specificities through epitope mapping. In this thesis the aim was to use affinity proteomics tools to profile antibodies, determine their specificities, and discover potential associations of autoantigens to disease by analyzing blood-derived samples with microarray-based methods. In Paper I, 57 serum samples from patients with the suggested autoimmune disease narcolepsy, were analyzed on planar antigen microarrays with 10,846 human protein fragments. Verification on an independent sample collection consisting of serum samples from 176 individuals, revealed METTL22 and NT5C1A as two potential autoantigens. In Paper II, antibodies from 53 plasma samples from patients with first-episode psychosis, a condition suggested to have a partial autoimmune component, were analyzed on planar antigen microarrays with 2,304 human protein fragments. After a follow-up study of the patients, antibodies toward an antigen representing the three proteins, PAGE2, PAGE2B, PAGE5, was found associated to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. In Paper III, serum and plasma samples from patients with the autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy, were epitope mapped on high-density peptide microarrays with approximately 2.2 million peptides. Technical and biological verification, by using other microarray technology and analyzing samples from 448 patients, revealed one peptide for multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy, representing the proteins MAP3K7 and NRXN1, with higher antibody reactivity towards in each group, respectively. In Paper IV, purified polyclonal antibodies raised against a surface antigen found on malaria-infected erythrocytes, were profiled on the peptide microarrays representing all proteins found on malaria-infected erythrocytes derived from Plasmodium falciparum. Then, different Plasmodium falciparum strains were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and western blots, using the epitope mapped antibodies. The performance of the immunoassays were compared to the identified epitopes, and validated by RNA sequencing. In conclusion, these investigations describe multiplex methods to identify and characterize antibodies, their disease association and epitopes. Follow-up studies are needed to determine their potential use and clinical value.QC 20170905
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Lima, Neto Daniel Ferreira 1979. "Efeito da alta pressão hidrostática no mapeamento de epítopos da proteína do capsídeo do vírus do mosaico do tabaco." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316615.
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Orientador: Clarice Weis ArnsTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Microbiologia
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Hjelm, Barbara. "Epitope mapping of antibodies towards human protein targets." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-59529.
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This thesis, based on five research papers, presents results from development and evaluation ofmethods for identifying the interaction site of antibodies on their antigens and the functional investigation of these in different assays. As antibodies have proven to be invaluable tools in diagnostics, therapy and basic research, the demand of characterizing these binding molecules has increased. Techniques for epitope mapping in a streamlined manner are therefore needed, particularly in high throughput projects as the Human Protein Atlas that aims to systematically generate two antibodies with separate epitopes towards all human proteins. In paper I we describe an approach to map the epitopes of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for the first time using staphylococcal display. This method was combined with peptide scanning and alanine scanning using suspension bead arrays, to create a streamlined approach of highresolution characterization of epitopes recognized by antibodies as demonstrated in paper II. Single epitopes were identified for the monoclonal antibodies and several (one to five) separate epitopes scattered throughout the antigen sequence were determined for each polyclonal antibody. Further, antibodies of different species origin showed overlapping binding epitopes. In paper III we studied the epitope patterns of polyclonal antibodies generated with the same antigen in different animals. Although common epitope regions could be identified the exact epitope pattern was not repeated, as some epitopes did not reoccur in the repeated immunizations. In paper IV, a potential biomarker for colon cancer, RBM3, was investigated using validated antibodies by epitope mapping and siRNA analysis. Finally, in paper V, a method for generating epitope-specific antibodies based on affinity purification of a polyclonal antibody is described. The generated antibodies were used in several immunoassays and showed a great difference in functionality. Paired antibodies with separate epitopes were successfully generated and could be used in a sandwich assay or to validate each other in immunohistochemistry. Taken together, in these studies we have demonstrated valuable concepts for the characterization of antibody epitopes.QC 20120111
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Oak, James N. "Characterization of epitope-tagged dopamine D¦4 receptors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/MQ45554.pdf.
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Wong, Mee Ling. "Attempts to construct functional epitope-tagged ACTH receptors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ46149.pdf.
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Zuliani, Alvarez Lorena. "Mapping the pro-inflammatory epitope of tenascin-C." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c13d2dad-4782-4d50-a8b6-95606ddcf785.
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Endogenous molecules, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, have been shown to induce inflammation via toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in order to drive an immune response to tissue damage. Tenascin-C, an ECM glycoprotein transiently induced in injury and persistently expressed during chronic inflammatory diseases, stimulates cytokine synthesis via activation of TLR4 by its C-terminus fibrinogen-like globe (FBG-C) domain. However, the specific epitope of FBG-C that activates TLR4 is not known. Unlike tenascin-C, other tenascin family members (tenascin-R, -W and -X) are constitutively expressed in healthy adult tissues but also contain a highly homologous FBG domain. I have used comparative analysis of the tenascin family FBG domains to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which FBG-C activates TLR4. The ability of each tenascin FBG domain to activate NF-?B in ThP1 cells and cytokine synthesis in primary human macrophages was assessed. Direct binding to TLR4 was evaluated in vitro using a solid phase binding assay. Peptide mapping and site-directed mutagenesis were used to elucidate specific residues within the FBG domain involved in TLR4 binding and activation. Molecular modelling and docking simulations were performed to analyse the structural basis of the FBG-TLR4 interaction. I've shown for the first time that, in addition to tenascin-C, other tenascin family members (-R and -W) can induce a TLR4 mediated inflammatory response, whereas tenascin-X cannot. The active FBG domains bound directly to TLR4, in the absence of any co-receptor, with low nM affinity. The pro-inflammatory epitope of the FBG domain of tenascins lies in loop 5 in the P-subdomain, where positively charged amino acids are necessary for the activation of TLR4, whilst two other regions in loops 7 and 10 assist in mediating high affinity binding to this receptor. Introducing these sites into FBG-X enabled this domain to bind to TLR4 and to induce an inflammatory response. Together these data revealed how endogenous molecules can induce an immune response and may help in the design of specific inhibitors of TLR stimuli that contain FBG domains.
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Bothamley, Graham Henry. "Analysis of epitope-specific antibody levels in tuberculosis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47780.
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Serafin, Ina Loretta. "Epitope mapping of the dengue 3 envelope protein." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Anchim, Aleksandra. "Vaccination Potential Of Adenoviral Vectors Displaying Heterologous Epitopes In Their Capsid Proteins." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS070/document.
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Mes travaux de thèse ont pour but d’évaluer l’approche « épitope display » pour sa capacité d'induire les réponses cellulaires. Ad à capside modifiée par insertion de différents épitopes T issus de la ovalbumine ont étés produit. Après administration à des souris C57BL/6, j'ai mis en évidence l'induction de la réponse cellulaire dirigée contre les épitope insérés (grâce aux techniques ELISPOT, tétramères, ou bien en quantifiant la production d’IFNg par les splénocytes restimulés in vitro). J’ai démontré que ces réponses sont limités chez des souris préalablement immunisées avec Ad. Des manipulations en course ont pour but de confirmer ces résultats et d'évaluer la cinétique de ces réponses. Mon 2ème objectif est de comprendre les paramètres qui contrôlent l’immunogénicité des Ad présentant des épitopes. Ainsi, j’ai montré que l’ablation des interactions des Ad porteurs d’un épitope issu de l’ovalbumine avec les récepteurs/facteurs (intégrines, facteur X de la coagulation) impliqués dans l’entrée de l’Ad dans les cellules ne modifiait pas leur capacité à induire une réponse humorale contre l’ovalbumine. Ces résultats suggèrent que le processus d’infection virale n’est pas requis pour l’induction d’une réponse humorale par les Ad porteurs d’épitopesRecombinant adenoviruses (Ad) have recently been employed for a wide range of vaccination strategies. Unfortunately, highly prevalent pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (Abs), reduce their ability to trigger transgene expression. To avoid the step of gene transfer a new vaccination strategy has been proposed based on the use of Ad displaying epitopes inserted into their capsid proteins. Using an ovalbumin-derived B cell epitope, our group demonstrated that vaccination efficiency depends on both the site of peptide insertion and the host immune status towards Ad (Lanzi et al; 2011). The present work aims at (1) evaluating the potency of Ad displaying T-cell epitopes from ovalbumin to elicit cellular responses and (2) understanding the molecular bases controlling the efficacy of this vaccination strategy. 1) Ad displaying T-cell epitopes from ovalbumin were constructed, produced and characterized in vitro. First in vivo experiments in naive mice showed induction of cellular responses, assessed with techniques like ELISPOT, tetramer staining and in vitro splenocyte restimulation. Subsequent experiments showed that pre-exisitng anti-vector immunity is hampering the potent induction of anti-epitope cellular responses. Current work is aiming at confirming the obtained results as well as at evaluating the kinetics of cellular responses induced upon "epitope display" vaccination. 2)First, the influence of interactions of Ad (displaying OVA peptide) with their natural receptors was investigated. Different detargeted Ads were produced and characterized in vitro. Upon mice immunization these vectors led to unmodified anti-epitope humoral responses, suggesting that their efficacy does not depend on the ability to transduce cells. In parallel we sought to evaluate the impact of innate immunity on the outcome of anti-epitope adaptive immune responses. Upon immunization of WT and MyD88-/- mice with Ad displaying OVA epitope we observed that cellular responses induced in MyD88-/- mice are significantly diminished while humoral responses were not altered. These results remain to be confirmed but question the role of other innate immunity sensors in the immunogenicity of Ad-based vaccines. Altogether, our work is expected to provide the foundations for the development of Ad-based vaccines with minimized side effects and unaltered adjuvant properties
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Paul, Sinu. "Host-pathogen interactions and evolution of epitopes in HIV-1: understanding selection and escape." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334509644.
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Scott, Alison. "Epitope tagging of the human hâ†1 histamine receptor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341971.
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Newcombe, Jane E. "Expression and epitope of the rubella virus E1 glycoprotein." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359665.
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Wilde, Andrew Rhys. "Epitope mapping and structural studies on TGN 38/41." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386177.
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Behr, Jonathan Robert. "Novel tools for sequence and epitope analysis of glycosaminoglycans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42383.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2007.Includes bibliographical references.
Our understanding of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biology has been limited by a lack of sensitive and efficient analytical tools designed to deal with these complex molecules. GAGs are heterogeneous and often sulfated linear polys accharides found throughout the extracellular environment, and available to researchers only in limited mixtures. A series of sensitive label-free analytical tools were developed to provide sequence information and to quantify whole epitopes from GAG mixtures. Three complementary sets of tools were developed to provide GAG sequence information. Two novel exolytic sulfatases from Flavobacterium heparinum that degrade heparan/heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) were cloned and characterized. These exolytic enzymes enabled the exo-sequencing of a HSGAG oligosaccharide. Phenylboronic acids (PBAs) were specifically reacted with unsulfated chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides from within a larger mixture. The resulting cyclic esters were easily detected in mass spectrometry (MS) using the distinct isotopic abundance of boron. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) was employed to determine the fragmentation patterns of HSGAG disaccharides. These patterns were used to quantify relative amounts of isomeric disaccharides in a mixture. Fragmentation information is valuable for building methods for oligosaccharide sequencing, and the general method can be applied to quantify any isomers using MSn. Three other tools were developed to quantify GAG epitopes. Two microfluidic devices were characterized as HSGAG sensors. Sensors were functionalized either with protamine to quantify total HSGAGs or with antithrombin-III (AT-III) to quantify a specific anticoagulant epitope.
(cont.) A charge sensitive silicon field effect sensor accurately quantified clinically relevant anticoagulants including low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), even out of serum. A mass sensitive suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) measured the same clinically relevant HSGAGs. When these two sensors were compared, the SMR proved more robust and versatile. The SMR signal is more stable, it can be reused ad infinitum, and surface modifications can be automated and monitored. The field effect sensor provided an advantage in selectivity by preferentially detecting highly charged HSGAGs instead of any massive, non-specifically bound proteins. Lastly, anti-HSGAG single chain variable fragments (scFv) were evolved using yeast surface display towards generating antibodies for HSGAG epitope sensing and clinical GAG neutralization.
by Jonathan Robert Behr.
Ph.D.
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Heslop, Ian. "Synthetic approaches to discontinuous epitope mapping of HIV-I." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14061.
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The synthesis of IH1, a peptide designed to mimic a discontinuous epitope on HIV-I gp120, is reported. The aspartimide rearrangement inherent in this sequence, and in the peptide GC1, has been studied and reduced to low levels. The syntheses of variants of peptide GC1, containing differing number of residues found to be important for CD4 binding, have also been achieved. Thus peptides containing one, two, three and four residues necessary for high affinity binding have been synthesised. In addition a peptide has been synthesised which incorporates a synthetic β turn moiety other than the Cys-Val-Cys bridge present in GC1. Polyclonal sera raised to these peptides and their CD4 binding properties have been investigated. IH1, the peptide containing four residues responsible for high affinity binding to CD4, has also been shown to interact with receptors on the surface of CD4- cells. This non-CD4 recognition has been investigated utilising a photolabelled chemokine, MIP-1α. Results indicate that this binding involves interaction with CC-CKR5, a MIP-1α binding site thought to be involved in HIV-cell fusion.
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Longepe, Jacques. "Structure et synthese d'un epitope isole de mycobacterium gastri." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2040.
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Nous avons determine la stereostructure relative d'un nouveau 3,6-didesoxy-4-c-(1,3-dimethoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroxyheptyl)-alpha xylo-hexopyranoside, epitope d'un lipooligosaccharide antigenique isole de mycobacterium gastri. Pour ce faire, la synthese de differents diastereoisomeres de ce sucre branche en c-4 a ete realisee a partir du d-glucose et du lyxose dans les series d et l afin de comparer les donnees de spectroscopie rmn des produits de synthese et du produit naturel peracetyles. Nous avons mis au point une methode generale de preparation des sucres branches possedant la fonctionnalite alpha-hydroxycetone que l'on retrouve dans de nombreux produits naturels. Ces sucres branches sont obtenus par couplage entre un chlorure d'acide et une cetone cyclique a l'aide de diiodure de samarium. La preparation du chlorure d'acide de serie l nous a conduit a mettre au point une synthese efficace du l-lyxose a partir du d-galactose
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Tahir, Shifa. "A docking-based method for in silico epitope determination." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4008.
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Le développement des anticorps thérapeutiques s'est rapidement accéléré dans les 10 dernières années et concerne un nombre croissant de pathologies. La connaissance de l'épitope, à savoir la région de la cible à laquelle l'anticorps se fixe, est essentielle pour la compréhension des effets fonctionnels de ce dernier. Nous avons développé une méthode in silico, MAbTope, qui permet une prédiction précise de cet épitope, quand bien même aucune structure 3D de l'anticorps d’intérêt n'est résolue. Cette méthode se base sur une méthode d'amarrage protéine-protéine développée auparavant dans l’équipe BIOS. Le jeu d'apprentissage a été fortement enrichi en complexes anticorps-cibles, de nouvelles fonctions de score spécifiques ont été mises au point, et le plus important, l'objectif de l'apprentissage-machine a été modifié pour optimiser non plus la conformation de !'assemblage, mais la prédiction de l'épitope. Nous montrons que la méthode qui en résulte permet une prédiction précise et robuste de l'épitope, que la structure 3D de l'anticorps soit connue ou non. Nous montrons également comment les prédictions peuvent être facilement exploitées pour la validation expérimentale. Enfin, nous montrons comment la méthode peut être utilisée pour étudier à haut-débit le recouvrement d'épitopes par des anticorps ayant la même cibleThe development of therapeutic antibodies has been rapidly increasing in the last 10 years, with application to an increasing number of pathologies. The knowledge of the epitope, the region of the antigen to which the antibody binds, is crucial for understanding its functional effects. We have developed an in silico method, MAbTope, which allows the accurate prediction of the epitope, regardless of the availability of the 3D structure of the antibody of interest. This method is based on a protein-protein docking method previously developed in the BIOS group. The learning dataset was enlarged in antibody-antigen complexes, new specific scoring functions have been designed, and very importantly, the objective of machine-learning was switched from the conformational perspective towards the epitope determination perspective. We show that the resulting method allows robust and accurate prediction, whether or not the 3D structure of the antibody is available. We also show how the predictions can be easily exploited for experimental validation. Finally, we show how this method can be used for high-throughput epitope binning
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SHREYA. "PREDICTION OF EPITOPE BASED VACCINE CANDIDATES FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASE." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18421.
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Periodontal disease is a multifactorial dental complication that has an impact on the
supporting tooth structures like the gingiva, cementum and alveolar bone. Various studies
conclude PD is associated with several systemic diseases like cardiovascular, neuronal,
autoimmune, and respiratory. It is seen that periodontal disease is also allied with PCOS,
infertility, age, obesity, adverse pregnancy outcomes, erectile dysfunction, and diabetes. The
individuals suffering from PD are more likely to have dental caries. The initiation is due to
dysbiosis of commensal microbes present in the oral cavity releasing a large extent of
proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1. The preliminary stage is
reversible gingivitis and if proper treatment of gingivitis is not done then it can progress to
periodontitis which can lead to alveolar bone loss and is irreversible. There are approximately
700 different bacterial species associated with periodontal disease. This disease immensely
affects the daily activities of organisms. There are several risk factors allied with periodontal
diseases such as poor oral hygiene, medical diseases, smoking, age, blood group, obesity,
orthodontic treatments, heredity, and stress. Several periodontal therapies have been shown to
improve the status of PD in individuals. A functionally active vaccine is required for this
disease. The proposed study aims to identify vaccine candidates from multiple different
species of pathogens involved with periodontal disease. 20 peptides were screened for
epitope prediction based on various physicochemical criteria like antigenicity, dependency of
the pathogen on the virulence factor. Comprehensive analysis of these antigens revealed that
they have several potential B and T-Cell epitopes. 3 epitopes NYFKSQVIFQRLPEI,
ASRRLYRGYEALFVP, ELEKAIEMEDLALNP exhibited more than 90% population
coverage in the both Indian and Global context. Therefore, this analysis suggests that the predicted epitopes might be suitable vaccine candidates and can be used for further in vivo
and in-vitro studies.
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Wang, Zilong. "Expression of epitope-tagged protein kinase CK2 in mammalian cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32281.pdf.
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Garrett, Joan Teresa. "Peptide-based B-cell epitope vaccines targeting HER-2/neu." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189103626.
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Stephens, D. Michael. "Epitope mapping of antibodies to the envelope proteins of HIV." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239815.
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Palmowski, Michael J. "Strategies for the induction of epitope-specific polyvalent CTL responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249165.
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Nguyen, Brenda. "Expression of an epitope tagged tarp effector in chlamydia trachomatis." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/890.
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Previous studies performed on Chlamydia trachomatis have demonstrated how these obligate intracellular microbes invade host cells through the utilization of secreted effector proteins. One secreted effector called Tarp (translocated actin recruiting protein) is implicated in cytoskeleton rearrangements that promote bacterial entry into the host cell. The focus of our study is to create a plasmid that carries the tarP gene that when transcribed and translated from within Chlamydia trachomatis will generate a c-Myc epitope tagged Tarp. The tag will be used in future studies to track the progression of the protein through the infectious process and will allow us to distinguish this protein from the Tarp effector expressed from the endogenous wild type gene. The epitope-tagged Tarp expression plasmid will be used as a template to construct Tarp deletion mutants. The mutant forms will be created in regions that have been biochemically characterized and predicted to be important to the invasion process of the pathogen. Observations on the potential phenotypes of these mutants and the possibility of allelic exchange will also be pursued in the future.B.S.
Bachelors
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
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Smith, Richard Gary. "The regulation of peptide mimotope/epitope recognition by monoclonal antibodies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10053/.
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Protein-based therapeutics play an increasingly important role in medicine, and the exquisite bio-recognition properties exhibited by antibodies has also led the their use in a number of other fields apart from medicine. The increasing use of these molecules requires more efficient methods of purification. A review of the current purification strategies was conducted. Of all the purification methods studied, peptide epitope/mimotope affinity chromatography proved to be the method of choice - resulting in antibodies exhibiting high specific immunoreactivity. The need to tailor unique affinity ligands for each antibody to be purified by peptide epitope/ mimotope affinity chromatography was identified as the major problem with this technique. A review of the technologies available to regulate the antibody-antigen interaction was conducted. Little was published on the use of phage display for the discovery of peptide ligands for use in peptide mimotope affinity chromatography. Experiments were conducted using a polyvalent phage display library to identify novel peptide ligands for the purification of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody C595. A novel peptide was isolated which demonstrated improved chromatographic performance compared to the standard epitope peptide used to purify mAb C595 from biological supernatants. Circular dichroism showed that the novel peptide had a more highly ordered structure at 4oC and room temperature than the epitope peptide, and fluorescence quenching revealed a higher equilibrium association constant. A method for the optimisation of peptide mimotopes derived from phage display, cross-reactive with an anti-steroid antibody was investigated. Improvements relating to the selection of lead peptide sequences are described, and the use of mimotopes in an assay to determine concentrations of steroid in solution has been demonstrated. The optimised mimotope was used as an effective paratope-specific affinity ligand. A novel method for selecting high affinity antibody fragments in vivo is described. The C595 scFv gene was fused to a gene encoding green fluorescent protein and incorporated into the phagemid vector pCANTAB 5E. The fusion protein could not be expressed at high levels and could only be detected using epitope affinity chromatography in combination with ELISA.
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McCormick, David. "Characterisation of and cellular responses to the P91A tum'- epitope." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286334.
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Borley, Daryl W. "Epitope dominance studies with serotype O foot-and-mouth disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4adc3373-1d89-41d9-b1ce-7d8cbb0e817a.
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an economically devastating and highly contagious livestock pathogen. It exists as seven serotypes, comprising numerous antigenically distinct subtypes. The large amount of antigenic heterogeneity has confounded attempts at developing broadly reactive vaccines. In order to overcome this issue the fundamentals of the interactions between the virus and the host humoral immune response must first be understood. Previous work in this area using monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutants has identified five antigenic sites for the O serotype and efforts have been made to quantify their relative importance. However, this does not represent a complete picture of serotype O antigenicity. The work conducted in this thesis demonstrates the role of a limited number of dominant substitutions in mediating the antigenic diversity of serotype O Foot-and-Mouth disease virus. Two alternative but complementary methods for identifying epitopes were developed. The first used a mathematical model to analyse newly generated serological and sequence data from 105 viruses, cultured for this purpose (and cross-reacted to 5 reference antisera), in the context of an existing crystallographic structure to identify and quantify the antigenic importance of sites on the surface of the virus. The second approach was purely structural, using existing B cell epitope prediction tools to develop a method for predicting FMDV epitopes using existing crystallographic structures of FMDV. These techniques were validated by the use of reverse genetics, which confirmed the impact on cross reactivity of two predicted novel serotype O antigenic residues, with a further four novel residues identified by looking in depth at the interactions between two genetically close, but antigenically distant viruses. This increased knowledge of the antigenic composition of serotype O FMDV contributes to our understanding of the nature of vaccine efficacy and the breadth of protection, which, in the longer term, will aid in the goal of developing vaccines to better protect livestock from such a highly antigenically variable disease.
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Garrett, Joan T. "Peptide-based B-cell epitope vaccines targeting HER-2/neu." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1189103626.
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Da, Silva Pissarra Joana. "Development of a multi-epitope peptide vaccine against human leishmaniases." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT013/document.
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La leishmaniose est une maladie tropicale négligée à transmission vectorielle qui est endémique dans 98 pays dont les plus pauvres. Vingt espèces de Leishmania sont capables d’établir une infection intracellulaire au sein des macrophages humains, provoquant différentes manifestations cliniques. Le développement d'un vaccin contre les leishmanioses est étayé par des preuves d'immunité naturelle contre l'infection, induite par une réponse à médiation cellulaire de type Th1 dominante associée à la production d'IFN-γ, d'IL-2 et de TNF-α par des cellules T polyfonctionnelles TCD4+ et TCD8+, conduisant à l'activation classique des macrophages entrainant la destruction des parasites. Induire une protection robuste et durable et déterminer les épitopes immunodominants responsables de la protection naturelle représente un véritable défi.Les protéines sécrétées sont des facteurs de virulence jouant un rôle important dans le cycle de vie des leishmanies et sont capables d’induire une protection durable chez le chien, un bon modèle pour l’infection humaine. Notre objectif est de développer, à partir du sécrétome de Leishmania, un vaccin de seconde génération reproductible et facile à produire à bas prix dans les zones d’endémie, avec des rendements de production rendant possible son utilisation à grande échelle.Les sécrétomes des six espèces les plus pathogènes de leishmanie (plus L. tarentolae) ont été analysés et comparées par spectrométrie de masse. Les antigènes candidats ont été recherchés dans l'ensemble des données disponibles (analyses protéomiques, littérature…). 52 antigènes candidats vaccin ont ainsi été sélectionnés, dont 28 avaient déjà été décrits et 24 sont nouveaux et découverts grâce à une approche de vaccinologie réverse.Une analyse de la prédiction de liaison des épitopes in silico HLA-I et –II a été réalisée sur tous les antigènes candidats vaccin, prenant ainsi en compte le polymorphisme HLA de la population mondiale. Pour sélectionner les meilleurs épitopes parmi des milliers d’épitopes potentiels, un script R automatisé a été développé en interne, selon des critères rationnels stricts. Ainsi, 50 épitopes de classe I et 24 épitopes de classe II ont été sélectionnés et synthétisés sous forme de peptides individuels. Des essais de toxicité in vitro ont montré l’absence de toxicité cellulaire de ces peptides.Les individus guéris par chimiothérapie généralement développent des réponses immunitaires protectrices à Leishmania. Des tests de stimulation des PBMC ont donc été réalisés avec des échantillons biologiques provenant de donneurs guéris de Tunisie et la production d'IFN-γ a été évaluée par ELISpot. De plus, il était important d'inclure dans l'étape de validation expérimentale des peptides des échantillons provenant d’individus naïfs, population cible à vacciner avec un vaccin prophylactique. Les résultats montrent que des peptides spécifiques de Leishmania induisent avec succès la production d'IFN-γ par les PBMC totaux provenant de donneurs guéris et par les lymphocytes T spécifiques amplifiés à partir du répertoire naïf.Globalement, la validation expérimentale des peptides réalisée exclusivement sur des échantillons humains nous fournira une base préclinique très solide pour développer un vaccin efficace capable de protéger les populations touchées par ces maladies. Elle constituera un moyen sûr et rentable de mieux sélectionner les candidats retenus pour le vaccin et d'éliminer ceux qui présentent un risque d'échec élevé au tout début du processus de développement du vaccin.Grâce à la combinaison de l'analyse protéomique et d'outils in silico, des candidats peptidiques prometteurs ont été rapidement identifiés pour le développement d'un vaccin. Le « pipeline » de développement préclinique du vaccin proposé fournit une sélection rapide de peptides immunogènes, offrant une approche puissante pour accélérer le déploiement d'un vaccin pan-spécifique efficace contre les leishmaniosesLeishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease endemic to 98 countries worldwide. Twenty Leishmania species are capable of establishing intracellular infection within human macrophages, causing different clinical presentations. Vaccine development against leishmaniases is supported by evidence of natural immunity against infection, mediated by a dominant cellular Th1 response and production of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α by polyfunctional TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells, ultimately leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing.Excreted-secreted proteins are important virulence factors present throughout Leishmania life stages and are able to induce durable protection in dogs, a good model for human infection. We aim to develop a second generation vaccine from the Leishmania secretome, with the potential for large scale dissemination in a cost-effective, reproducible approach.The secretome of six main pathogenic species (plus L. tarentolae) was analysed by Mass-Spectrometry and conserved candidate antigens were searched in the complete dataset. A total of 52 vaccine antigen candidates were selected, including 28 previously described vaccine candidates, and an additional 24 new candidates discovered through a reverse vaccinology approach.In silico HLA-I and –II epitope binding prediction analysis was performed on all selected vaccine antigens, with world coverage regarding HLA restriction. To select the best epitopes, an automated R script was developed in-house, according to strict rational criteria. From thousands of potential epitopes, the automated script, in combination with optimal IC50, homology to host and solubility properties, allowed us to select 50 class I and 24 class II epitopes, synthesized as individual peptides. In vitro toxicity assays showed these selected peptides are non-toxic to cells.The peptides’ immunogenicity was evaluated using immunoscreening assays with immune cells from human donors, allowing for the validation of in silico epitope predictions and selection, and the assessment of the peptide’s immunogenicity and prophylactic potential. Healed individuals, which had active infection and received treatment, possess Leishmania-specific memory responses and are resistant to reinfection, being considered the gold standard of protective immunity. On the other hand, the naive population is extremely important to include in the experimental validation step since it is the target population to vaccinate with a prophylactic vaccine. Importantly, a minimum specific T-cell precursor frequency is needed to induce long-lasting memory protective responses. Furthermore, there is also a positive correlation between immunodominant epitopes and a high frequency of specific T-cell precursors. Peptides able to induce Th1 and/or cytotoxic immune responses in both background are promising candidates for a vaccine formulation. Altogether,experimental validation exclusively in human samples will provide us a very strong base for a vaccine formulation and allow to accelerate translation to the field.Results show Leishmania-specific peptides successfully induce IFN-γ production by total PBMC from healed donors, and by specific T cells amplified from the naïve repertoire. Preliminary evidence exists for peptides which are immunogenic in both immune backgrounds (eight HLA-class I 9-mer peptides and five class II 15-mer peptides) which are, for now, the most promising candidates to advance for the multi-epitope peptide design.Through the combination of proteomic analysis and in silico tools, promising peptide candidates were swiftly identified and the secretome was further established as an optimal starting point for vaccine development. The proposed vaccine preclinical development pipeline delivered a rapid selection of immunogenic peptides, providing a powerful approach to fast-track the deployment of an effective pan-specific vaccine against Leishmaniases
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Davenport, Claire. "Autoantibodies as pathogenetic markers in insulin-dependent diabetes and related disorders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295768.
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Sturniolo, Tiziana Concetta. "Systematic characterisation of HLA Class II ligand binding specificity by quantitative matrices." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264399.
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Schöne, Dominik [Verfasser], and Ulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Dittmer. "Identifikation von CD8+ T-Zell Epitopen in adenoviralen Kapsid-Proteinen und Analyse von Immundominanz-Hierarchien adenoviraler Epitope gegenüber Transgen-Epitopen bei Immunisierung mit adenoviralen Vektoren / Dominik Schöne ; Betreuer: Ulf Dittmer." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191692299/34.
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Parthasarathy, Upasana. "Identifying epitopes of anti-FcaRI monoclonal antibodies on FcaRI ectodomain that trigger the anti-inflammatory ITAMi signaling pathway." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1418910350.
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Wang, Min-Guang Cheung H. Tak. "Identification of an extracellular matrix epitope involved in T cell adhesion." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9311292.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1992.Title from title page screen, viewed February 7, 2006. Dissertation Committee: H. Tak Cheung (chair), Mathew J. Nadakavukaren, Alan J. Katz, Brian J. Wilkinson, Lynne A. Lucher. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-114) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Getahun, Andrew. "Antibody Feedback Regulation : From Epitope Masking to T Helper Cell Activation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4580.
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Angove, Helen Louise. "The identification of bluetongue virus T-cell epitope(s) in sheep." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260772.
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BENAZET, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Polyarthrite rhumatoide et epitope partage : a propos de 53 cas marseillais." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20852.
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