Academic literature on the topic 'Epithermal mineralisation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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Μιχαήλ, Κ., and Μ. Δημήτρουλα. "HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION OF THE PETROTA EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS (W.THRACE, GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16687.

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At the Petrota graben important epithermal zones are developed. On the basis of the mineral assemblages of alteration zones and the type of the host rocks, the epithermal zones can be grouped into three epithermal systems: 1. Perama epithermal system 2. Mavrokoryfi epithermal system and 3. Othondoto epithermal system Hydrothermal alteration zones are developed within volcanoclastic rocks - epiclastic sandstones, andésite tuffs (Perama epithermal system), hyaloclastites (Mavrokoryfi) and rhyolitic rocks (Othondoto). Silicification (in various types) and advanced argillic alteration are the most important alteration zones and are established on the largest scale. Ore mineralisation occurs as veins, veinlets in silicification zones or secondary mineralisation in the supergene zone (Perama epithermal system). Disseminated ore mineralization is also found in the silicification zone at Othondoto and Mavrokoryfi epithermal systems. Based on the geological environment, the type of hydrothemal alteration zones (silicification and advanced argillic alteration) and the mineral compositon of the ore (enargite- luzonite), the hydrothermal systems of Petrota graben can be referred as high sulfidation systems.
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Cidu, R. "Hydrogeochemistry around an Epithermal System Hosting Gold Mineralisation." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.93.

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Smith, Daniel J., Jon Naden, and Gawen R. T. Jenkin. "Host rock effects on epithermal Au-Te mineralisation." Applied Earth Science 125, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03717453.2016.1166668.

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SKARPELIS, N. "Geodynamics and evolution of the Miocene mineralization in the Cycladic - Pelagonian belt, Hellenides." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16862.

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The paper aims to provide a sound account of the type of Miocene mineralisations in the Cycladic – Pelagonian belt and their relationship with the geodynamic evolution of the area. Skarn and manto types, epithermal precious and base metals mineralisation, and vein magnesite in ultramafics are associated to distinct stages of the geodynamic evolution of the belt. Extensional tectonics favoured their generation. Late stages of extensional tectonics resulted in the formation of vertical to subvertical NW-SE trending fault zones, which were then used as conduits for ascending hydrothermal fluids. The relationship between the geodynamics and the metallogenetic evolution of the belt is discussed on the basis of available data on the geology of four critical areas: Tinos and Mykonos islands, Laurium and Northern Euboea.
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Sutarto, Sutarto, Arifudin Idrus, Agung Harijoko, Lucas Donny Setijadji, and Franz Michael Meyer. "VEINS AND HYDROTHERMAL BRECCIAS OF THE RANDU KUNING PORPHYRY Cu-Au AND EPITHERMAL Au DEPOSITS AT SELOGIRI AREA, CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA." Journal of Applied Geology 7, no. 2 (July 27, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.26982.

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The Randu Kuning prospect is situated at Selogiri area, Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. This location is about 40 km to the south-east from Solo city or approximately 70 km east of Yogyakarta city. Many Tertiary dioritic rocks related alterationmineralisation were found at the Randu Kuning area and its vicinity, including hornblende microdiorite, hornblende-pyroxene diorite and quartz diorite. Mineralisation type of the Randu Kuning prospect was interpreted as porphyry Cu-Au and a number epithermal Au-base metals deposits in its surrounding. The closed existing of porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals type deposits at the Randu Kuning area produced a very complex of veins and hydrothermal breccias crosscutting relationship. A lot of porphyry veins types were found and observed at the Randu Kuning area, and classified into at least seven types. Most of the porphyry veins were cross cut by epithermal type veins. Many epithermal veins also are found and crosscut into deeply porphyry vein types. There are genetically at least two type of hydrothermal breccias have recognized in the research area, i.e. magmatic-hydrothermal breccia and phreatomagmatic breccia. Magmatic hydrothermal breccias are mostly occured in contact between hornblende microdiorite or quartz diorite and hornblende-pyroxene diorite, characterized by angular fragments/clasts supported or infilled by silicas, carbonates and sulphides matrix derived from hydrothermal fluids precipitation. Phreatomagmatic breccias are characterized by abundant of the juvenile clasts, indicated contact between hot magma with fluid or water as well as many wall rock fragments such as altered diorites and volcaniclastic rock clasts set in clastical matrix. The juvenile clasts usually compossed by volcanic glasses and aphanitic rocks in rounded-irregular shape. Both veining and brecciation processes have an important role in gold and copper mineralisation of the Randu Kuning Porphyry Cu-Au and epithermal Au-base metals deposits, mostly related to the presence of quartz veins/veinlets containing significant sulphides, i.e., quartz with thin centre line sulphides (Abtype) veins, pyrite±chalcopyrite (C type) veinlets, pyrite+quartz± chalcopyrire±carbonate (D type) veins of porphyry types as well as epithermal environment quarts+ sulphides+carbonate veins.
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Radmard, Kaikhosrov, Hassan Zamanian, Mohamad Reza Hosseinzadeh, and Ahmad Ahmadi Khalaji. "Geochemistry and statistical analyses of porphyry system and epithermal veins at Hizehjan in northwestern Iran." Geologos 23, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0020.

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Abstract Situated about 130 km northeast of Tabriz (northwest Iran), the Mazra’eh Shadi deposit is in the Arasbaran metallogenic belt (AAB). Intrusion of subvolcanic rocks, such as quartz monzodiorite-diorite porphyry, into Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary units led to mineralisation and alteration. Mineralisation can be subdivided into a porphyry system and Au-bearing quartz veins within andesite and trachyandesite which is controlled by fault distribution. Rock samples from quartz veins show maximum values of Au (17100 ppb), Pb (21100 ppm), Ag (9.43ppm), Cu (611ppm) and Zn (333 ppm). Au is strongly correlated with Ag, Zn and Pb. In the Au-bearing quartz veins, factor group 1 indicates a strong correlation between Au, Pb, Ag, Zn and W. Factor group 2 indicates a correlation between Cu, Te, Sb and Zn, while factor group 3 comprises Mo and As. Based on Spearman correlation coefficients, Sb and Te can be very good indicator minerals for Au, Ag and Pb epithermal mineralisation in the study area. The zoning pattern shows clearly that base metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn and Mo, occur at the deepest levels, whereas Au and Ag are found at higher elevations than base metals in boreholes in northern Mazra’eh Shadi. This observation contrasts with the typical zoning pattern caused by boiling in epithermal veins. At Mazra’eh Shadi, quartz veins containing co-existing liquid-rich and vapour-rich inclusions, as strong evidence of boiling during hydrothermal evolution, have relatively high Au grades (up to 813 ppb). In the quartz veins, Au is strongly correlated with Ag, and these elements are in the same group with Fe and S. Mineralisation of Au and Ag is a result of pyrite precipitation, boiling of hydrothermal fluids and a pH decrease.
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Torres, Melgarejo, Torró, Camprubí, Castillo-Oliver, Artiaga, Campeny, et al. "The Poopó Polymetallic Epithermal Deposit, Bolivia: Mineralogy, Genetic Constraints, and Distribution of Critical Elements." Minerals 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080472.

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The tin-rich polymetallic epithermal deposit of Poopó, of plausible Late Miocene age, is part of the Bolivian Tin Belt. As an epithermal low sulfidation mineralisation, it represents a typological end-member within the “family” of Bolivian tin deposits. The emplacement of the mineralisation was controlled by the regional fault zone that constitutes the geological border between the Bolivian Altiplano and the Eastern Andes Cordillera. In addition to Sn and Ag, its economic interest resides in its potential in critical elements as In, Ga and Ge. This paper provides the first systematic characterisation of the complex mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the Poopó deposit with the twofold aim of identifying the mineral carriers of critical elements and endeavouring to ascertain plausible metallogenic processes for the formation of this deposit, by means of a multi-methodological approach. The poor development of hydrothermal alteration assemblage, the abundance of sulphosalts and the replacement of löllingite and pyrrhotite by arsenopyrite and pyrite, respectively, indicate that this deposit is ascribed to the low-sulphidation subtype of epithermal deposits, with excursions into higher states of sulphidation. Additionally, the occurrence of pyrophyllite and topaz has been interpreted as the result of discrete pulses of high-sulphidation magmatic fluids. The δ34SVCDT range in sulphides (−5.9 to −2.8‰) is compatible either with: i. hybrid sulphur sources (i.e., magmatic and sedimentary or metasedimentary); or ii. a sole magmatic source involving magmas that derived from partial melting of sedimentary rocks or underwent crustal assimilation. In their overall contents in critical elements (In, Ga and Ge), the key minerals in the Poopó deposit, based on their abundance in the deposit and compositions, are rhodostannite, franckeite, cassiterite, stannite and, less importantly, teallite, sphalerite and jamesonite.
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Hakim, F. R., and A. Idrus. "Preliminary Study of Geology, Alteration and Ore Mineralisation at East Motoling Area, South Minahasa District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012034.

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Abstract The East Motoling area is one of the prospect areas in the Minahasa region of North Sulawesi, which has indications of low sulfidation epithermal-type mineralization. The research was conducted as a preliminary study to determine the characteristics of geological conditions, alteration, and ore mineralization in the epithermal system. The research method is divided into two main parts, such as fieldwork including surface geological mapping (lithology, stratigraphy, geomorphology, structural geology, alteration and mineralization) and laboratory analysis methods including petrographic analysis. The stratigraphy of the study area consists of altered volcaniclastic breccia, altered lapilli tuff, altered tuff, limestone, welded lapilli tuff, and andesitic breccia. Volcaniclastic breccia, altered lapilli tuff, and altered tuff, member of the Volcanic Rock Formation which is Late – Middle Miocene age, are the host rock for ore mineralization and hydrotermal alteration process. There are 3 types of alterations that have developed, namely argillic (illite + quartz ± kaolinite), sericitic (sericite + illite ± chlorite), and propylitic (chlorite + epidote ± illite). The dextral slip fault with NW – SE trend present as a main control structure to formation of extention fracture/vein. The epithermal veins are relatively north-northeast – south-southwest, north-northwest – south-southeast, and northwest – southeast. The textures of the veins divided into 7 main groups, namely that is bladed-quartz, breccia, calcedony, colloform, comb, mold, and massive quartz. Ore mineralization is forms in the veins as pyrite and banded sulfide. Apart from that, the disseminated pyrite also limitedly found around the veins.
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Micklethwaite, Steven. "Mechanisms of faulting and permeability enhancement during epithermal mineralisation: Cracow goldfield, Australia." Journal of Structural Geology 31, no. 3 (March 2009): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2008.11.016.

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McCarroll, Robert Jak, Ian T. Graham, Russell Fountain, Karen Privat, and Jon Woodhead. "The Ojolali region, Sumatra, Indonesia: Epithermal gold–silver mineralisation within the Sunda Arc." Gondwana Research 26, no. 1 (July 2014): 218–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2013.08.013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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Redwood, S. D. "Epithermal precious and base metal mineralisation and related magmatism of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivian." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377620.

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The Bolivian Altiplano is part of the inner arc Polymetallic Belt of the Andes, and is a Cretaceous-Cenozoic intermontane basin located between the Andean arc of the Western Cordillera and the Paleozoic fold belt of the Eastern Cordillera. Reconnaissance geological mapping shows that epithermal mineralisation in the NE Altiplano is related to silicic magmatism located on NW-trending Altiplano growth faults and intersections with NE and E-W lineaments. Magmatism was episodic and occurred during the Miocene arc broadening episode, which correlates with increased plate convergence rates. Most magmatism is mid Miocene (19-10 Ma), and formed flow-dome-sill-stock complexes. The upper (9-7.5 Ma) and late (6.5-4 Ma) Miocene episodes, in contrast, generally formed ash-flow calderas and strato-volcanoes. The three episodes are mainly dacites and rhyolites of the high-K calc-alkaline suite, with some shoshonites, and can only be distinguished isotopically, with progressively stronger crustal contamination in the younger episodes. Sr-Nd-O isotopes and trace elements show that the magmas evolved by variable fractionation and assimilation from subduction-related, mantle-derived magmas which were isotopically enriched by bulk contamination with Precambrian gneisses. Mapping, petrography and XRD show that the epithermal deposits have large areas of pervasive phyllic alteration with a propylitic halo. Tourmaline alteration occurs in the cores of Sn-bearing deposits. Argillic and silicic alteration in some deposits are subsurface features of hot spring systems. Mineralisation (Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn) is disseminated and in sheeted veins and veinlets which have a NE-trend, related to the regional tectonic stress. Dating and O-H isotopes show that the mineralisation is genetically related to the dacitic magmatism and formed from a dominantly magmatic fluid, with meteoric mixing in the upper levels. Differences between the Polymetallic Belt and the Copper Belt are mainly a function of erosion level. Polymetallic deposits of the Eastern Cordillera contain important Sn and form the main part of the Tin Belt. Minor Sn also occurs in Altiplano deposits hosted by Paleozoic marine sediments, but not in those in Tertiary red beds. Tin was probably derived from the Paleozoic sediments, and is not related to deep subduction.
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McEwan, C. J. A. "Geology, geochemistry and stable isotope studies of an epithermal hydrothermal system, Rosita Hills, Colorado." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383565.

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The Rosita Hills volcanic centre is an alkali-calcic mid-Tertiary caldera complex overlying ortho- and paragneissic basement on the eastern margin of the Wet Mountains graben in southcentral Colorado. There were two mineralising events at the Rosita centre. Au, Ag and base metal mineralisation occurred in a phreatomagmatic breccia pipe at the northern margin of the complex. Later, Ag and base metal mineralisation occurred in veins in the centre of the complex. Mapping, petrological and XRD studies outline 4 alteration facies related to hydrothermal activity at the centre. Propylitic/argillic, K-feldspar-sericitic, advanced argillic and silicic alteration assemblages are recognised. The areas of most intense alteration are controlled by the dominant structural trends within the caldera. Sub-volcanic magma movement is postulated as the dominant cause of the fracture patterns. A lithogeochemical grid survey for Au, Ag, Sr, Rb, Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn across areas of hydrothermal alteration reveal complex patterns indicative of multi-stage hydrothermal activity. District-wide Sr, Zn and Mn depletions are related to the propylitic/argillic alteration. Au, Ag, Rb and Cu enhancements are related to the K-feldspar-sericite alteration. Late stage advanced argillic alteration modified the trace element dispersion patterns by leaching previously formed enhancements. Stable isotope studies (O and H) of whole rock and mineral separate (quartz and sericite) samples from veins and hydrothermal eruption breccias show that the hydrothermal fluid had both meteoric and magmatic components. δD values from whole rock samples show a crudely concentric pattern centring on areas of sericitic and advanced argillic alteration in the middle of the lithogeochemical grid. Fluid inclusion data from vein gangue minerals (quartz, baryte and sphalerite) and from silicified rock in the advanced argillic alteration zone again show that the hydrothermal fluid had more than one component fluid. A highly saline, high temperature fluid occurs in quartz associated with base metal mineralisation. Less saline inclusions occur in the upper parts of the system in the silicic alteration. The data indicate that mixing of these two end-member fluids precipitated the vein mineralisation. The source of metals in the Bassick breccia pipe orebody was a highly differentiated magma body underlying the breccia pipe. Incipient ring faulting probably controlled the emplacement of the magma. Other similar breccia pipes in Colorado are postulated as overlying Cu-Mo porphyry mineralisation. The source of the metals in the Rosita vein orebodies was the volcanic host rocks (and the Precambrian basement?). The Rosita Hills vein mineralisation shows features typical of adularia-sericite systems in the western United States. The Au:Ag ratio in these deposits can be related to the origins of the crust underlying the deposits.
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Perkins, Rebecca. "Post-collisional magmatism and porphyry-epithermal style mineralisation along the Maronia Magmatic Corridor, northeastern Greece." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/12c6d2c7-5b5d-40a6-89e2-371c812d5243.

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Porphyry copper deposits are not restricted to volcanic arcs alone and have been identified in extensional tectonic settings from across the world. Post-collisional crustal extension can result in areas of elevated heat flow generating small-volume, calc-alkaline to shoshonitic magmas, some of which are associated with exotic metal-bearing porphyry – epithermal systems. The Maronia Magmatic Corridor is a NE-trending belt of post-collisional Oligocene high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic plutons that intrude the northern Rhodope Core Complex in northeastern Greece. It is host to several documented occurrences of post-collisional porphyry – epithermal mineralisation associated with the intrusion of co-genetic evolved porphyritic dykes and stocks. By reconstructing the tectono-magmatic evolution of post-collisional magmatism along the Maronia Magmatic Corridor, this thesis aims to explore the processes governing porphyry – epithermal mineralisation in extensional tectonic settings.
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Bissig, Thomas. "Metallogenesis of the Miocene El Indio-Pascua gold-silver-copper belt, Chile/Argentina, geodynamic, geomorphological and petrochemical controls on epithermal mineralisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63404.pdf.

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Holder, David S. "Geological and geochemical controls for epithermal Au-Ag-Te (Pb-Zn) mineralisation at Coranda-Hondol and the Brad-Sacaramb basin mineral district of western Romania." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/37305/.

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The 'Golden Quadrilateral' of W. Romania is a rich mineralised magmatic province hosting major porphyry-Cu and epithermal Au-Ag deposits. The mineralisation is associated with extensive magmatism emplaced along a series of NW-SE trending pull-part basins (e.g. Brad-Sacaramb, Rosia Montana). These basins developed during the Miocene, owing to the opposite sense rotation of the ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia micro-continents, which facilitated extension-related melting of the subduction modified sub-continental lithospheric mantle. The largest of these basins, the Brad-Sacaramb basin contains extensive calc-alkaline, amphibole-rich, porphyritic andesite and dacite volcanics and sub-volcanic intrusions. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis of zircons indicate that these magmatic rocks were emplaced during the Mid-Miocene 9.7 - 13.1 Ma. The rocks display a temporal geochemical evolution from early "normal" island arc magmatism (13.0 - 11.3 Ma) to adakite-like, characterised by high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, emplaced after 11.4 Ma. This shift in the geochemistry resulted from the cessation of plagioclase fractional crystalisation in the adakite-like magmas, coupled with the onset of amphibole crystalisation in the lower crustal MASH zone, which depleted the melts in MREEE-HREE. This change in the crystalising assemblage may have related to an increase in the dissolved water content of the melts. High zircon Ce/CE[sup]* (Ce[sup]4+/Ce[sup]3+) and less negative Eu/Eu[sup]* indicate that the high water content of these melts was accompanies by highly oxidising conditions. These conditions may have been important in preventing early sulfide saturation, a process considered to be unfavourable for the formation of economic Au and Cu deposits. K-Ar analysis from hydrothermal illites indicate that lo low to intermediate sulfidation epithermal and porphyry-Cu mineralisation in the Brad-Sacaramb basin occurred between 9.7 and 12.3 Ma. The epithermal deposits typcially developed < 0.5 Myrs after the cessation of magmatism in the immediate vicinity. One of the most prospective deposits in the basin is the Coranda-Hondol deposit (~4.8 Moz at 1.4 g/t Au). Coranda-Hondol is a telluride-rice, intermediate sulfidication Au-Ag deposit, hosted by a series of andesitic stocks (emplaced ~12.6 Ma) and siliciclastic sedimentary formation. The deposit displays a variety of mineralisation styles with pervasive pyrite dissemenations and base-metal sulfide and sulfosalt-telluride -rich veinlets. Microthermonetry of fluid inclusions indicate that the mineralisation was facilitated by a dilute (<10 wt% NaCl) low temperature (~250[degrees]C) fluid. Stable isotopes ([delta][sup]18O[sub]fluid: 6.1 - 9.4 [parts per thousand], [delta]D[sub]fluid: -39.8 - -74.3) support a magmatic source for the fluid which mixed with meteoric waters during the waning stages of the hydrothermal system ([delta][sup]18O[sub]fluid: -0.3 - 1.6). Boiling of the ore fluid during brecciation events triggered the precious metal mineralisation. The Au is predominately hosted within the crystal lattice of textual complex and isotopicalle light ([delta][sup]34S: -19/4 - -6.5 [parts per thousand]) colloform pyrite grains (up to ~450 ppm) developed within these boiling zones.
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Setiabudi, Bambang Tjahjono. "Geochemistry and geochronology of the igneous suite associated with the Kelian epithermal gold deposit, Indonesia." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12888.

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The Kelian gold deposit, located 250 km west of the provincial capital of Samarinda, East Kalimantan, is Indonesia's principal gold producer. The deposit is an intrusive-related low sulphidation system, situated within the Central Kalimantan Continental Arc, which consists of andesitic to rhyolitic volcanics and intrusives of Miocene age. Hydrothermal activity produced extensive brecciation, porphyry- to epithermal-style alteration and gold and base metals mineralisation. The nature of genetic relations is the main aspect of this study and is approached through the geochemical evolution of the calc-alkaline suites in relation to the metallic mineralisation. Geochemical evolution in the Miocence calc-alkaline suites from the Kalimantan volcanic arc exhibit two distinctive trends of magmatic differentiation The first trend is defined by a series of "productive" igneous suites such as Kelian, Muyup and Ritan, and is a "typical" calc-alkaline series characterised by low Mg, moderate K, relatively high Ti and Al and depletion in Cr and Sc. The second trend is defined by the chemical variations of the Magerang-Imang and Nakan suites which have remarkably high concentrations of MgO. Major and trace element geochemistry of the high Mg andesites from MagerangImang and Nakan is comparable with that of low-Ca type-2 boninites. The Kelian Igneous Complex is characterised by positive Zr and Hf anomalies in the trace element patterns which is uncommon for calc-alkaline subduction zone magmas. The chemical diversity in the Magerang-Imang and Nakan suite might have been generated by a combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallisation process involving a parental basaltic magma and a Zr-rich cumulate. It is suggested that the Magerang-lmang and Nakan high Mg andesites were fed by magma chambers that formed deep in the crust, and were emplaced into pre-existing intrusions of felsic composition that formed as part of the Kelian Igneous Complex cycle. The shallow level stocks at Magerang-1.mang and Nakan were generated by intrusions that melted the walls and roofs of related, but pre-existing intrusions, and extracted abundant xenocrystic zircons during the assimilation process. This study represents the first Platinum Group Element data for a fractionated suite of calc-alkaline andesite. The technique developed in this study represents a breakthrough in our ability to monitor important ore elements in felsic igneous system. The PGE distribution patterns in the Magerang-lmang hornblende andesite are subparallel to each other over a range of concentrations that vary by about a factor of 20. All the Magerang-lmang samples are depleted in Ru, Ir and Os concentrations relative to Re, Pd, Pt and Rh concentrations and have Pd/Ir values of 15 to 54 and Ru/Ir - 1. The PGE concentrations decrease with increasing Si02, showing that they are depleted by fractional crystallisation. Gold is depleted by an order of magnitude and relative to Re and Pd. The low concentration of gold in the igneous rocks associated with the Kelian gold deposit is unexpected. Most metal deposits are found in association with rocks that are already enriched in the metal of interest. It is therefore surprising to find a major gold deposit in host rocks that are depleted in Au. It is also interesting that Au and PGE ratios change little during fractionation. This is surprising because it implies either that the partition coefficients for the PGEs into the sulphides are similar, which seems unlikely, or that Au and the PGEs are not being depleted by simple equilibriwn fractional crystallisation of sulphide. Alternatively, the gold and PGE fractionation are due to the assimilation of crustal material. This appears to be the most plausible process for the gradual depletion of Au and all of the PGE at Kellan. It is suggested that simple dilution with crustal material that contains no Au or PGE is the most likely process that will decrease the abundance of all of the PGE equally. Zircon U-Th-Pb isotope dates were determined in situ using excimer laser ablation ICP-MS. The two different bodies of the Magerang hornblende andesite yielded a single age of 19.38 ± 0.12 Ma and 19.62 ± 0.21 Ma, while the Nakan andesite gave an age of 20.01± 0.15 Ma. The Central Andesite porphyry at Kelian gave 3 populations of U-Pb zircon dates: 21.2 ± 0.32 Ma, 20.5 ± 0.12 Ma and 19.7 ± 0.12 Ma. The youngest date (19.7 Ma) is interpreted as the emplacement age and the two older zircon populations represent the age of inherited zircons coming from the previous thermal event that affected the source region of the andesite. The U-Pb zircon dating for the Runcing Rhyolite porphyry also yielded 3 distinctive date populations: the youngest date of zircon population (19.3 ± 0.1 Ma) is interpreted as the emplacement age and the other two populations (20.0 ± 0.2 Ma and 20.8 ± 0.1 Ma) represent the ages of inherited zircons. The emplacement age of the Magerang-Imang andesite implies that the highsulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation at Magerang is younger than the low-sulphidation Au deposit at Kelian. The Kelian and Magerang andesites have a relatively short interval of emplacement ages suggesting that the duration of magmatism and related epitbermal mineralisation in the larger Kelian region was between 0.5 - 1 Ma. During this period, the magmatic-hydrothermal system has produced 2 distinctive types of epithermal mineralisation: firstly, low-sulphidation Au deposit at Kelian and secondly highsulphidation Cu-Au mineralisation at Magerang-Imang. Detrital zircons from the Mahakam and Kelian rivers were dated to obtain the overall duration of volcanism in the region. These zircons are dominated by Pliocene, Miocene, Cretaceous, Triassic, Permian and Carboniferous zircons. The youngest detrital zircon from the Kelian river gave an age of 1.7 ± 0.1 Ma and the oldest one gave an age of 373 Ma. Within the Tertiary zircon population, there are age spectra peaks at Pliocene (from 1.7 Ma to 2.8 Ma) and Miocene (from 15.8 Ma to 21.7 Ma). The Cretaceous zircon population ranges from 67 .6 to 126.3 Ma and peaks at l 05 Ma. The gold mineralisation at Kelian occurs toward the end of the Miocene volcanism and took place locally within the Kelian region as this Miocene volcanism is not recorded in the zircon component from the larger Mahakam river. The two large inheritance populations in both the Central Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite lie within the time range of the Kelian igneous complex as defined by the KeJian River detrital zircons. They must be derived from crustal intrusions that formed as part of the Kelian cycle. It is suggested that both the Kelian Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite were fed by 2 magma chambers that formed deep in the crust, each of which were long lived. The magma chambers that fed the Kelian Andesite and Runcing Rhyolite were emplaced into pre-existing intrusions of similar composition that formed as part of the Kelian igneous complex. The abundance of xenocrystic zircons in both units suggests that these earlier intrusions were still hot, or perhaps even partially molten, at the time of magma emplacement. That is the shallow level stocks and diatremes at Kelian were fed by nested, cannibalistic intrusions deep in the crust that melted the walls and roofs of related, but pre-existing intrusions, and inherited abundant xenocrystic zircons in the process. Both the Kelian Andesite and the Runcing Rhyolite have two populations of inherited zircons, which indicate that the pre-existing intrusions formed in two distinct episodes, 0.7 to 0.8 m.y. apart. The difference between the emplacement age and the age of the oldest of the inherited zircon populations shows that this cannibalistic activity took place over 1.5 m.y. The interval of magmatic activity in these chambers corresponds to the period of peak activity in the Kelian igneous complex as defined by the detrital zircons.
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7

Βαμβουκάκης, Κωνσταντίνος. "Επιθερμική μεταλλοφορία Au-Ag στη νήσο Λέσβο." Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/1756.

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Στη διδακτορική αυτή διατριβή διερευνάται κατά πόσον η τηλεσκόπηση μπορεί να χρησιμεύει ως αρωγός για την κοιτασματολογική έρευνα και ειδικότερα για την εύρεση "στόχων" επιθερμικής μεταλλοφορίας πολύτιμων μετάλλων μέσω της αναγνωρίσεως ηφαιστειακών και τεκτονικών δομών και ζωνών υδροθερμικών εξαλλοιώσεων από αέρος. Το πεδίο έρευνας είναι το μειοκαινικό ηφαιστειακό-γεωθερμικό πεδίο της νήσου Λέσβου. Ερευνάται η ορυκτολογία των μεταλλικών ορυκτών και συνοδευόντων ορυκτών εξαλλοίωσης. Γίνονται πάραυτα μικροθερμομετρικοί προσδιορισμοί, προσδιορισμοί χρυσού-αργύρου, ιχνοστοιχείων- ιχνηλατών και άλλων ιχνοστοιχείων στις περιοχές-στόχους και τα γεωχημικά δεδομένα τίθενται σε περιβάλλον GIS (θεματικοί χάρτες).
In this phd dissertation it is investigated if remote sensing techniques can be used successfully as an aid in the ore deposits research and specifically for the localization by air "target" areas of epithermal mineralization of precious metals through the recognition of volcanic and tectonic structures and detection of hydrothermal alteration zones. The research area is the miocene volcanic-geothermal field of the island of Lesvos. The research includes also identification of ore and alteration minerals microthermometric measurements, measurement of the Au-Ag parts, of pathfinder and other trace elements in the target areas. The geochemical data are subsequently placed in a GIS environment for future research and/or mineral exploration purposes.
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Books on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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V, Wright J. Basins and styles of basin, epithermal, and other high crustal level mineralisation: A mini-series of lectures. Townsville, Q: Economic Geology Research Unit, Geology Dept., James Cook University of North Queensland, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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Jowitt, S. M., R. G. M. Osborn, R. D. H. Thomas, J. Naden, A. G. Gunn, R. J. Herrington, and S. Nicolaides. "′T′-type mineralisation — a pseudo-epithermal style of VHMS associated gold mineralisation, Cyprus." In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, 635–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27946-6_162.

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Mastalerz, M., R. M. Bustin, A. J. Sinclair, B. A. Stankiewicz, and M. L. Thomson. "Implications of hydrocarbons in gold-bearing epithermal systems: Selected examples from the Canadian Cordillera." In Organic Matter and Mineralisation: Thermal Alteration, Hydrocarbon Generation and Role in Metallogenesis, 359–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9474-5_17.

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Pirajno, Franco. "Fossil and Active Geothermal Systems — Epithermal Base and Precious Metal Mineralisation (Including Kuroko-Type Deposits)." In Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, 375–449. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75671-9_12.

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Özgür, Nevzat. "Epithermal Hg, Sb and Au Deposits in the Continental Rift Zones of the Menderes Massif, Western Anatolia, Turkey." In The Structural Geology Contribution to the Africa-Eurasia Geology: Basement and Reservoir Structure, Ore Mineralisation and Tectonic Modelling, 55–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01455-1_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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Deady, Eimear, Kathryn Moore, and Kathryn Goodenough. "Insights into the sources of antimony mineralisation associated with base metal epithermal deposits in SW England." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7456.

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Quan, Hongyan, Ian Graham, Rohan Worland, Lewis Adler, Christian Dietz, and Alan Greig. "Mineralisation, Alteration Assemblages, Geochemistry and Stable Isotopes of the Intermediate-Sulfidation Epithermal Kylo Deposit, Drake Goldfield, North-Eastern NSW, Australia." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09347.

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Madayag, Emmanuel, Ian Graham, Hongyan Quan, Rohan Worland, Lewis Adler, and Christian Dietz. "Mineralisation, alteration assemblages, geochemistry and stable isotopes of the low-sulfidation epithermal Strauss deposit, Drake Goldfield, north-eastern NSW, Australia." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Mineral Science. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecms2021-09350.

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Falkenberg, Jan, Manuel Keith, Karsten Haase, Panagiotis Voudouris, and Marcel Regelous. "Volatile and precious elements in plutonic and volcanic rocks: Implications for epithermal- and porphyry-style mineralisation, western Thrace, NE Greece." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7168.

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Feltrin, Leonardo, Timothy Baker, Nick Oliver, Margaretha Scott, Kate Wilkinson, Melanie Fitzell, Owen Dixon, et al. "Using Geomodelling and Geophysical Inversion to Evaluate the Geological Controls on Low-Sulphidation Epithermal Au-Ag mineralisation in the Drummond and Bowen Basins, Australia." In GIS IN GEOLOGY AND EARTH SCIENCES: 4th International Conference “In Vista of New Approaches for the Geoinformatics”. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2937280.

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Reports on the topic "Epithermal mineralisation"

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Pilote, P., and J. Guha. L'indice Du Lac Berrigan [Tache], Un Exemple De Mineralisation Epithermale En Au - Ag - Pb - Zn D'age Archeen. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132281.

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