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Jin, Shiying. "Bipotent stem cells support the cyclical regeneration of endometrial epithelium of the murine uterus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 14 (March 14, 2019): 6848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814597116.
The endometrial epithelium of the uterus regenerates periodically. The cellular source of newly regenerated endometrial epithelia during a mouse estrous cycle or a human menstrual cycle is presently unknown. Here, I have used single-cell lineage tracing in the whole mouse uterus to demonstrate that epithelial stem cells exist in the mouse uterus. These uterine epithelial stem cells provide a resident cellular supply that fuels endometrial epithelial regeneration. They are able to survive cyclical uterine tissue loss and persistently generate all endometrial epithelial lineages, including the functionally distinct luminal and glandular epithelia, to maintain uterine cycling. The uterine epithelial stem cell population also supports the regeneration of uterine endometrial epithelium post parturition. The 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine pulse-chase experiments further reveal that this stem cell population may reside in the intersection zone between luminal and glandular epithelial compartments. This tissue distribution allows these bipotent uterine epithelial stem cells to bidirectionally differentiate to maintain homeostasis and regeneration of mouse endometrial epithelium under physiological conditions. Thus, uterine function over the reproductive lifespan of a mouse relies on stem cell-maintained rhythmic endometrial regeneration.
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Ramos, Tiago, Deborah Scott, and Sajjad Ahmad. "An Update on Ocular Surface Epithelial Stem Cells: Cornea and Conjunctiva." Stem Cells International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/601731.
The human ocular surface (front surface of the eye) is formed by two different types of epithelia: the corneal epithelium centrally and the conjunctival epithelium that surrounds this. These two epithelia are maintained by different stem cell populations (limbal stem cells for the corneal epithelium and the conjunctival epithelial stem cells). In this review, we provide an update on our understanding of these epithelia and their stem cells systems, including embryology, new markers, and controversy around the location of these stem cells. We also provide an update on the translation of this understanding into clinical applications for the treatment of debilitating ocular surface diseases.
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Kurokawa, I., S. Nishijima, K. Kusumoto, H. Senzaki, N. Shikata, and A. Tsubura. "Immunohistochemical Study of Cytokeratins in Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa)." Journal of International Medical Research 30, no. 2 (April 2002): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000203000205.
In 14 cases of hidradenitis suppurativa, cytokeratin (CK) expression was studied immunohistochemically, using six anti-keratin antibodies against CK1, CK10, CK14, CK16, CK17 and CK19, respectively. The draining sinus tract epithelium of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions was divided into three components: infundibular-like keratinized epithelium (type A), non-infundibular keratinized epithelium (type B), and non-keratinized epithelium (type C). In type A samples, CK17 (which is found in normal infundibulum) was not detected, suggesting fragility of this epithelial type. Keratin expression in types B and C epithelia was similar to that observed in the outer root sheath in normal hair follicles. Our results suggest that the draining sinus epithelium may possess characteristics of fragility, undifferentiation and hyperproliferation, as shown with CK expression.
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A, Suchetha, Anusha D, and Sapna Nadiger. "Epithelium - An Overview and an Insight on Gingival Epithelium: A Literature Review." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240160.
Epithelium is comprised of cells that cover the exterior surfaces of the body and line both the internal closed cavities of the body and those that communicate with the exterior. The cells forming epithelium are in close apposition with one another, they may be arranged in multiple layers. In some locations cells are found aggregated in close apposition with one another but lack free surface. They are called epithelial like or epithelioid tissues. It is a tissue composed of a layer of cells which lines both the outside (skin) and the inside (e. g. intestine) of organisms. The epithelium serves as a barrier to protect the body from pathogens and functions to maintain homeostasis. In this review we will focus on organization and function of the epithelium with its distinctions among epithelia which includes fundamentals of organization, adhesion, polarity, and mechanical coordination and its role in oral mucous membrane. Keywords: Epithelium, cell junctions, gingival epithelium,basal lamina.
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Ferguson, C. A., A. S. Tucker, and P. T. Sharpe. "Temporospatial cell interactions regulating mandibular and maxillary arch patterning." Development 127, no. 2 (January 15, 2000): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.2.403.
The cellular origin of the instructive information for hard tissue patterning of the jaws has been the subject of a long-standing controversy. Are the cranial neural crest cells prepatterned or does the epithelium pattern a developmentally uncommitted population of ectomesenchymal cells? In order to understand more about how orofacial patterning is controlled we have investigated the temporal signalling interactions and responses between epithelium and mesenchymal cells in the mandibular and maxillary primordia. We show that within the mandibular arch, homeobox genes that are expressed in different proximodistal spatial domains corresponding to presumptive molar and incisor ectomesenchymal cells are induced by signals from the oral epithelium. In mouse, prior to E10, all ectomesenchyme cells in the mandibular arch are equally responsive to epithelial signals such as Fgf8, indicating that there is no pre-specification of these cells into different populations and suggesting that patterning of the hard tissues of the mandible is instructed by the epithelium. By E10.5, ectomesenchymal cell gene expression domains are still dependent on epithelial signals but have become fixed and ectopic expression cannot be induced. At E11 expression becomes independent of epithelial signals such that removal of the epithelium does not affect spatial ectomesenchymal expression. Significantly, however, the response of ectomesenchyme cells to epithelial regulatory signals was found to be different in the mandibular and maxillary primordium. Thus, whereas both mandibular and maxillary arch epithelia could induce Dlx2 and Dlx5 expression in the mandible and Dlx2 expression in the maxilla, neither could induce Dlx5 expression in the maxilla. Reciprocal cell transplantations between mandibular and maxillary arch ectomesenchymal cells revealed intrinsic differences between these populations of cranial neural crest-derived cells. Research in odontogenesis has shown that the oral epithelium of the mandibular and maxillary primordia has unique instructive signaling properties required to direct odontogenesis, which are not found in other branchial arch epithelia. As a consequence, development of jaw-specific skeletal structures may require some prespecification of maxillary ectomesenchyme to restrict the instructive influence of the epithelial signals and allow development of maxillary structures distinct from mandibular structures.
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Yi, Jawoon, Harim Choi, Su-Man Kim, and Hyung-Sik Kang. "Deficiency of TAM receptor family increases γδT cell population by promoting chemokine-induced gut homing." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 84.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.84.10.
Abstract Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a various community of lymphoid cells located in between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that configure the intestinal mucosal barrier. The epithelial γδT cells act as a major T cell population in epithelia, which is support in tissue homeostasis and repair. However, we found that the γδT cell population was strikingly increased in IELs in TAM receptor-deficient mice. Based on these data, we tested whether this receptor acts as a crucial regulator, which may generate better homing to the intestinal epithelium. We also tested that adoptive transfer of γδT cells to show γδT cell homing to the intestinal epithelium. Our study shows that a key factor in γδT cell homing into the intestinal epithelium, to maintain homeostasis.
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Ferrante, S., T. Hackett, C. Hoptay, J. Engelhardt, J. Ingram, Y. Zhang, S. Alcala, et al. "9: AN IN VIVO MODEL OF HUMAN AIRWAYS FOR INVESTIGATING FIBROSIS." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 3 (February 25, 2016): 802.2–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000080.9.
Purpose of StudyLimited models exist to investigate the airway epithelium's role in repair, regeneration, and pathology of chronic obstructive lung diseases. We introduce a human asthmatic airway epithelial xenograft system integrating a proliferating and differentiating airway epithelium with an actively remodeling rodent mesenchyme in an immunocompromised murine host. We hypothesized that epithelial regeneration in asthma induces underlying matrix fibrosis.Methods UsedHuman airway epithelial cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors (n=5 per group) were seeded into decellularized rat tracheas. Tracheas were ligated to a sterile tubing cassette and implanted subcutaneously in the flanks of athymic nude mice. Grafts were harvested at 2, 4, or 6 weeks for analysis of tissue histology, fibrillar collagen deposition, and TGFβ1 activation. Non-transplantable human lungs from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donor FFPE sections were analyzed using similar methods.Summary of ResultsGrafted epithelial cells generated a differentiated epithelium with basal, ciliated, and mucus cells. By 4 weeks post-engraftment, asthmatic-derived epithelia showed decreased numbers of ciliated cells and E-cadherin expression compared to non-asthmatic controls, similar to human lung biopsy tissue. While there was no evidence of matrix remodeling in acellular xenografts, grafts seeded with asthmatic-derived epithelial cells had 3 times as much fibrillar collagen at 6 weeks post-engraftment as non-asthmatic epithelial seeded grafts. This was accompanied by a >2-fold induction of matrix TGFβ1 [with evidence of pSMAD3 activity] in asthmatic grafts at 4 weeks (positive pixels/total field pixels=0.12±0.001 vs. 0.05±0.001; p=0.003) and 6 weeks (0.09±0.02 vs. 0.04±0.01; p=0.044) post-engraftment.ConclusionsWe show in this model that asthmatic epithelium alone is sufficient to drive aberrant mesenchymal remodeling, specifically with fibrillar collagen deposition in asthmatic-derived xenografts.These xenografts are a major advance over current animal models of asthma in that they permit direct assessment of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit.
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Oberst, Michael D., Baljit Singh, Metin Ozdemirli, Robert B. Dickson, Michael D. Johnson, and Chen-Yong Lin. "Characterization of Matriptase Expression in Normal Human Tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 8 (August 2003): 1017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100805.
Matriptase is a type II transmembrane serine protease that has been implicated in the progression of epithelium-derived tumors. The role of this protease in the biology of normal epithelial cells remains to be elucidated. Matriptase mRNA has been detected by Northern analysis in tissues rich in epithelial cells, and the protein is expressed in vivo in normal and cancerous breast, ovarian, and colon tissues. However, a systematic analysis of the distribution of matriptase protein and mRNA in normal human tissues rich in epithelium has not been reported. In this study we characterized the expression of the protease in a wide variety of normal human tissues using a tissue microarray and whole tissue specimens. Significant immunoreactivity and mRNA expression were detected in the epithelial components of most epithelium-containing tissues. Matriptase expression was found in all types of epithelium, including columnar, pseudostratified columnar, cuboidal, and squamous. Distinct spatial distributions of reactivity were observed in the microanatomy of certain tissues, however. This suggests that although matriptase is broadly expressed among many types of epithelial cells, its activity within a tissue may be regulated in part at the protein and mRNA levels during the differentiation of selected epithelia.
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Burch, L. H., C. R. Talbot, M. R. Knowles, C. M. Canessa, B. C. Rossier, and R. C. Boucher. "Relative expression of the human epithelial Na+ channel subunits in normal and cystic fibrosis airways." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 269, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): C511—C518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.2.c511.
The availability of the newly cloned subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) permits molecular studies of the pathogenesis of the abnormal Na+ transport rates of cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia. Northern analyses of airway epithelia showed that both normal and CF airway epithelia express ENaC subunit mRNAs in a ratio of alpha > beta > gamma. In situ hybridization studies revealed expression of all three ENaC subunits in the superficial epithelium and the alpha- and beta-subunits in the gland ductular and acinar epithelium of both normal and CF airways. Ribonuclease protection assays revealed that the steady-state levels of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC mRNAs were similar in CF and normal airway superficial epithelia. These findings indicate that 1) Na+ transport defects in CF airways disease may be expressed in glandular acinar and ductal epithelium as well as superficial epithelium, and 2) the molecular pathogenesis of Na+ hyperabsorption in CF airways does not reflect increased levels of Na+ channel mRNAs, and probably number, but reflects an absence of the normal inhibitory regulation of Na+ channels by CF transmembrane conductance regulator proteins.
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Parkos, Charles A. "I. Neutrophil adhesive interactions with intestinal epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 273, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): G763—G768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.4.g763.
In many inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, disease activity and patient symptoms correlate with the histological finding of neutrophil (PMN) migration across the epithelium. PMN interactions with intestinal epithelium can influence epithelial functions ranging from barrier maintenance to electrolyte secretion. Additionally, PMN recruitment to the epithelium can be modulated by epithelial interactions with luminal enteric pathogens. Adhesive interactions between PMN and intestinal epithelial cells have been shown to be distinct from interactions of PMN with endothelia. In particular, PMN transepithelial migration is modulated by a distinct array of cytokines including interferon-γ and interleukin-4 and requires the PMN β2-integrin CD11b/CD18 but is independent of CD11a/CD18, selectins, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Additionally, an integral membrane protein termed CD47 has recently been shown to play an important role in PMN transepithelial migration at point(s) subsequent to initial adhesive interactions. This article provides a brief overview of PMN interactions with epithelia and their functional consequences in relation to inflammatory disease.
Drag, Melvyn I. "Epithelium: The lightweight, customizable epithelial tissue simulator." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430011382.
Zhu, Yihong. "Tight junction in ovarian surface epithelium and epithelial ovarian tumors /." Göteborg : Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/3167.
Rowley, Jessica. "The interaction of Aspergillus fumigatus with the respiratory epithelium." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-interaction-of-aspergillus-fumigatus-with-the-respiratory-epithelium(0fc10449-977d-4f14-a169-172e8204fee4).html.
Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus and the main pathogen responsible for the often fatal respiratory condition, aspergillosis. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are likely to be the first line of host defence that come into contact with the inhaled conidia of A. fumigatus. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the response of the airway epithelium to inhaled pathogens is pivotal in orchestrating immune responses by inducing phagocytic-like reactions and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. However, the majority of previous work investigating A. fumigatus-host interactions has been performed using macrophages and neutrophils, thereby neglecting the epithelium. AECs have been shown to secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to A. fumigatus although these studies predominantly used transformed AEC lines that lack tight junctions and do not fully differentiate. Furthermore, most studies used culture filtrate or extract of A. fumigatus rather than live, whole organism and as a result, the direct interaction of the germinating fungus and the airway epithelium has been overlooked. During the early germination and growth period, the cell wall composition of A. fumigatus is dynamic, with various antigens exposed at different morphological stages. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether AECsare able to alter the germination and growth rate of A. fumigatus, and, conversely, if A. fumigatus affects AECs in terms of the secretion of inflammatory mediators. These studies used live, germinating A. fumigatus, and human primary differentiated AECs to obtain a more realistic in vitro model than those used in previous studies. Data showed that AECs are able to significantly inhibit the germination and growth of A. fumigatus, although this effect was less pronounced in differentiated primary AEC than in transformed AEC lines. A. fumigatus also significantly inducedthe expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8, probably via the interaction of fungal cell wall β-glucans, and as of yet unidentified AEC receptor. The A1160pyrG+ strain of A. fumigatus secreted factors capable of inducing cytokine secretion whereas Af293 strain did not, highlighting diverse mechanisms of action for different strains. Upregulation of both cytokines was dependent on the stage of A. fumigatus growth with induction synchronous with germination. Despite being associated with fungal sensitisation in asthmatics, AEC-derived cytokines associated with this disease, namely TSLP, IL33 and IL25,did not appear to be upregulated by transformed AECs in response to A. fumigatus. Similarly, A. fumigatus did not seem to induce synthesis and secretion of the acute phase response protein, fibrinogen above baseline levels. The data presented in this thesis confirms the importance of the airway epithelium in directing anti-A. fumigatus immunity and the involvement of complex ligand-receptor interactions.
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Tipoe, George Lim. "A histological and ultrastructural morphometric assessment of malignant potential in human colorectal epithelium." Thesis, [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13641347.
Stevens, Paul. "Intrinsic differences of the airway epithelium in childhood allergic asthma." University of Western Australia. School of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0022.
[Truncated abstract] Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and places a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Despite advances in our understanding of disease mechanisms and the role of respiratory viruses in asthma exacerbations, there is little known regarding the role of the epithelium in commonly observed structural changes in the airway wall. The epithelium of the airways provides an essential protective barrier between the environment and underlying structures and is responsible for the secretion of diverse compounds. Since it is likely that dysregulated epithelial characteristics and function in childhood asthma are critical determinants of disease progression in adults, it is pertinent to investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in paediatric asthma. However, full comprehension of paediatric respiratory diseases and the childhood antecedents of adult respiratory disease are currently hampered by the difficulty in obtaining relevant target organ tissue and most of the data to date have been generated from studies involving adults or commercially derived cell lines. This laboratory has successfully developed methodologies of obtaining and studying samples of paediatric primary airway epithelial cells (pAECs) and has identified significant biochemical and functional differences between healthy non-atopic (pAECHNA) and atopic asthmatic (pAECAA) airway cells, which have assisted in the identification of potential mechanisms responsible for abnormal epithelial function. Stevens 2009 ... Exposure of pAECs with RV resulted in elevated PAI-1 mRNA expression and reduced MMP-9 release in both pAECAA and pAECHNA samples. Collectively, the data presented indicate that RV exposure induces a pronounced antiproliferative and retardative repair effect in pAECAA and that the presence of virus may have a role in the PAI-1 and MMP expression witnessed in these cells. In conclusion, this investigation has further characterised the essential role the airway epithelium plays in childhood asthma by demonstrating for the first time that pAECs from asthmatic children lack the ability to successfully repair mechanically induced wounds. This investigation also showed that PAI-1 is elevated in pAECAA and has a functional role in the pAEC proliferative and regenerative processes. It was demonstrated that MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 as well as MMP2/TIMP2 ratios were significantly reduced in pAECAA thereby providing additional evidence that there is a dysregulation in the mechanisms that monitor the turnover of the ECM in childhood asthma. Furthermore, this study has shown for the first time that pAECs from untreated mild atopic-asthmatic children are more sensitive to the pathogenic effects of RV than healthy control cells and that RV exposure delays cellular proliferation and repair. Ultimately, these findings support the hypothesis postulated and provide evidence that indeed the dysregulated epithelial functional characteristics seen in childhood mild asthma may be a critical determinant of disease progression in adults.
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Hong, Hee Ling. "Regulation of neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator secretion by epithelial cells in vitro." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24687.
The aim of this thesis was to study the regulation of proteinase secretion by epithelial cells (E-cells) derived from the epithelial cell rests of Malassez. Since these epithelial cell rests are present only in small numbers in-vivo, E-cells derived from porcine cell rests were cultured according to Brunette et al. (1976) and conditions chosen so that detectable amounts of the proteinases, neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator, could be obtained. The regulation of the secretion of these enzymes was investigated by varying the cell population density, adding E.Coli lipopolysaccharide to the cultures and altering the shape of the E-cells by both chemical and physical means.
Cell population density modulated both neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator secretion. Neutral proteinase secretion was highest at low cell population densities and the activity decreased with increasing cell population density. Plasminogen activator secretion followed a similar pattern. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E.coli LPS) stimulated both neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator secretion. LPS extracted by the phenol method and LPS extracted by the trichloroacetic acid method caused similar increases in neutral proteinase activity but the increase in plasminogen activator activity was greater when the trichloroacetic acid extracted LPS was used. These findings support the proposal that bacterial LPS in contact with periapical tissues could stimulate the epithelial cell rests into increased production of proteinases, thereby contributing to the degradation of connective tissue associated with dental cyst formation. E-cell shape was altered by physical and chemical means. Addition of cholera toxin and dibutyryl cAMP caused E-cells to flatten. Phorbol myristate acetate, however, caused the cells to retract slightly. Mechanical stretching was applied to the cells to cause cell flattening, and cell rounding was effected by mechanical relaxation. Another method made use of E-cells grown on a substrate with V-shaped grooves which caused the cells to adopt a rounder shape more frequently than cells grown on a flat substrate. In addition, dishes coated with increasing concentrations of poly(HEMA) solution, which altered dish adhesivity to the cell, caused the cells to become less well-spread. In all experiments, a more flattened cell shape correlated with a reduced level of neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator secretion while a more rounded shape correlated with increased amounts of neutral proteinase and plasminogen activator secretion. Dentistry, Faculty of Graduate
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FORTNER, CHRISTOPHER NEIL. "EPITHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION OF AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE IS LINKED TO EPITHELIAL CHLORIDE CURRENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin983467525.
Meredith, David. "Oligopeptide transport in lung epithelium." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357416.
Background: The ciliated respiratory epithelium that covers the surface of human airway forms an immunologically active natural barrier to invasion and injury by inhaled noxious agents. Ciliary dysfunction and or epithelial damage compromise this innate defence mechanism. Aim: To study the ciliary function and epithelial ultrastructure of adult patients with asthma and paediatric lung transplant recipients. To study the response of bronchial epithelial cells of patients with atopic severe asthma, to allergen and bacteria. Methods: Digital high speed video microscopy was used to study the ciliary function on bronchoscopic bronchial epithelial brushings. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the detailed epithelial ultrastructure. Cytokines and chemokines released by primary bronchial epithelial cells were measured using SECTOR Imager 6000 (MSD, USA). Results: Ciliary dysfunction and ultrastructural abnormalities are closely related to asthma severity. Ciliary dysfunction is a feature of moderate to severe asthma and profound ultrastructural abnormalities are restricted to severe disease. Primary bronchial epithelial cells of patients with atopic severe asthma and healthy controls are capable of releasing chemokines and cytokines in response to Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus allergen 1 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in a dose and time dependent manner. Ciliary dysfunction is a feature of native airway epithelium in paediatric Cystic Fibrosis lung transplant recipients. The allograft epithelium shows profound ultrastructural abnormalities in both Cystic Fibrosis and non-suppurative lung disease lung transplant recipients. Summary: The phenotype of secondary ciliary dyskinesia and the differential cytokine/chemokine response of the epithelium of patients with severe asthma seen in this study extend our current paradigm of severe asthma and present a new therapeutic target. The damaged allograft epithelium seen in paediatric lung transplant recipients may increase risk of microbial colonisation of the allograft airway, which may play a role in the development of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS).
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Talebizadeh, Nooshin. "Caspase-3 in lens epithelium." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Oftalmiatrik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267543.
Purpose: To model the time evolution of active caspase-3 protein expression in a healthy lens, and in a lens exposed to UVR-300 nm (UVR-B). To develop an automated method to classify the fluorescent signal of biomarkers in the lens epithelial cells. Methods: Six-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Firstly, expression of active caspase-3 was studied in the lens epithelium of healthy rats. Secondly, rats were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 1 kJ/m2 UVR-B for 15 minutes. At 0.5, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the UVR-B exposure, the exposed and the contralateral non-exposed lenses were removed. Immunohistochemistry was done on three mid-sagittal sections from each lens. The florescent labelling for active caspase-3 in each lens section was counted three times. The time evolution of active caspase-3 expression in response to UVR-B exposure was modelled as a function of cell position in the lens epithelium. An automated objective method was developed to quantify the lens epithelial cells and to classify the fluorescent signal of active caspase-3. Active caspase-3 was selected as a model signal. Results: Active caspase-3 was abundant in the anterior pole of the normal lenses. Spatial distribution of active caspase-3 labelling in the lens epithelium was fitted to a logistic model. The probability of active caspase-3 expression was higher in the UVR-B exposed lenses (95% CI = 0.12 ± 0.01). There was no difference in the expression of active caspase-3 between the 0.5 and the 24 hours groups or between the 8 and the 16 hours groups. A difference was noted, when comparing the 0.5 and 24 hours groups with the 8 and 16 hours groups (Test statistic 7.01, F1;36;0.95= 4.11). Exposure to UVR-B has an impact on the average probability of labelling for active caspase-3 as a function of cell position. The probability of labelling as a function of cell number also varied as a function of time after UVR-B exposure. The automated method counted the lens epithelial cells and estimated the proportion of active caspase-3 labelling in the lens epithelium. Conclusions: Active caspase-3 is present in the healthy lens epithelial cells. Active caspase-3 exhibits higher expression at the anterior pole of the lens and the expression decreases towards the periphery. After UVR-B exposure, the expression of active caspase-3 in the lens epithelium increases with a peak of expression occurring around 16 hours after exposure. The average probability of labelling in the lens epithelium is dependent on both the UVR-B exposure and the time period elapsed after the exposure. The automated method enables objective and fast quantification of lens epithelial cells and the expression of fluorescent signal in the lens cells.
Saika, Shizuya, Liliana Werner, and Frank J. Lovicu, eds. Lens Epithelium and Posterior Capsular Opacification. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54300-8.
Proud, David, ed. The Pulmonary Epithelium in Health and Disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470727010.
Gross, Isabelle. "Epithelium." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_7181-4.
Bacon, Robert L., and Nelson R. Niles. "Epithelium." In Medical Histology, 55–66. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8199-0_3.
Gross, Isabelle. "Epithelium." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1598–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_7181.
Krstić, Radivoj V. "Surface Epithelia. Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium. Example: Epithelium of Rat Cornea." In General Histology of the Mammal, 46–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70420-8_22.
Guraya, Sardul S. "Seminiferous Epithelium." In Biology of Spermatogenesis and Spermatozoa in Mammals, 7–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71638-6_2.
Hasson, Brian F., Brandon J. Fisher, Larry C. Daugherty, Brandon J. Fisher, Larry C. Daugherty, Filip T. Troicki, Jaganmohan Poli, et al. "Germinal Epithelium." In Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology, 297–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85516-3_245.
Krafsur, E. S., R. D. Moon, R. Albajes, O. Alomar, Elisabetta Chiappini, John Huber, John L. Capinera, et al. "Follicular Epithelium." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1495. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3855.
Roshal, D. S., K. K. Fedorenko, K. Azzag, S. B. Roshal, and S. Bagdighyan. "ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE TOPOLOGY OF CANCEROUS, HEALTHY AND NON-PROLIFERATIVE EPITHELIUM." In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-210.
The topological features of epithelial monolayers with different rates of cell division are analyzed, using monolayers of HeLa, HCerEpiC, COS cells, ascidian epithelium. It is shown that the topological defectiveness of the monolayer increases with an increase in the rate of cell division. Modeling of the structure and growth processes of the epithelia was carried out.
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Futterman, Matthew, and Evan A. Zamir. "A Model for Epithelial Migration and Wound Healing in the Avian Embryo." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19565.
It is increasingly clear that (collective) migration of epithelia plays an important role in morphogenesis and wound healing [6]. One of the interesting phenomena about epithelial migration is that the leading edge of the epithelia displays characteristics of both epithelia and cells undergoing EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), so-called “partial” EMT. Developmental models in Drosophila and zebrafish have become important for studying signaling pathways involved in epithelial migration in recent years, but it is difficult to study the biomechanics of these systems. [2] Here, we revisit a little-used developmental model originally characterized by Chernoff [3] over two decades ago, which uses the area opaca (AO) of the chick embryo, an extraembryonic epithelium in birds which normally functions to spread across and encompass the nutritive yolk in a process called epiboly. We believe this model will be useful for studying epithelial migration because it is easily accessible and can be separated from the embryo to control the biomechanical environment.
3
Koo, J., C. Kim, J. Lee, K. Kim, and J. Yoon. "Regeneration of Airway Epithelium Using Autologous Epithelial Cells." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2012.
Hosogi, Shigekuni, Nobuyo Tamiya, Leonardo Puppulin, Hideo Tanaka, Koichi Takayama, and Eishi Ashihara. "Epithelial anion secretion of human bronchial ciliary epithelium." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1896.
Wiebe, Colin, and G. Wayne Brodland. "Tester to Measure the Tensile Properties of Embryonic Epithelia." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41133.
Described here is a novel tissue tester that can measure the tensile properties of monolayer embryonic epithelia specimens as small as 0.5mm by 0.3mm, something that had not been possible previously. The instrument is used to determine the uniaxial stress-strain characteristics of epithelium from early-stage embryos of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), a type of amphibian.
6
Rapkin, Jeffrey S., and Julian J. Nussbaum. "Spectral Laminography of Subretinal Neovascular Membranes." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1988.wc3.
Subretinal neovascularization occurs in association with age-related maculopathy, histoplasmosis, angioid streaks, trauma and myopia.1 Other less common associations include optic nerve head drusen, choroidal tumors, pigment epithelial hamartomas, photocoagulation, rubella retinopathy and various inflammatory disorders such as multifocal posterior pigment epitheliopathy and Harada's disease.1 The clinical appearance of subretinal neovascularization is a dirty gray or green discoloration at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium.1,2 New vessel growth may be accompanied by a serous, exudative or hemorrhagic detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium or neurosensory retina. Early treatment of neovascular membrane by laser photocoagulation has been shown to be of benefit in limiting vision loss for some patients.3,4 Prompt recognition and localization of the neovascular process is essential for successful treatment. Fluorescein angiography is the standard method used to confirm the presence and anatomical location of subretinal neovascular membranes.1,2,5,6
7
Talbi, Zouhair, and Sarah L. Kieweg. "The Impact of Tissue Viscoelasticity on the Flow Dynamics of an Anti-HIV Microbicidal Gel: Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14116.
Coating vaginal or rectal epithelium using microbicidal gels is a promising preventive procedure against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A microbicidal gel is deployed as a delivery vehicle of anti-HIV and other anti-STI agents and it is also used to act as barrier between the pathogens and the biological tissue. The efficacy of a microbicidal gel depends greatly on the extent of the spreading and the amount of the epithelial surfaces covered.
8
Organ, Adina, Mariana Jian, Vitalie Cobzac, Vladilena Girbu, Tamara Cotelea, Octavian Cirimpei, Veaceslav Kulcitki, and Viorel Nacu. "In vivo studies of lavender extracts for healing thermal injury in rats." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab04.
In recent years, herbal extracts obtained from medicinal plants have gained increasing interest in treatment of wounds. About 450 plant species having wound healing properties have been identified. The present knowledge of the wound healing process comprises coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, formation and accumulation of fibrous tissues, collagen deposition, epithelialization, contraction of wound with formation of granulation tissues, remodeling and maturation [1]. The selection of research methods was carried out in accordance with objectives of the work: determining of regeneration properties of Lavandula angustifolia extract fractions with assessment of the influence on the regeneration of thermal injuries of the epithelium in laboratory animals, through the evaluation, when they are administered in different fractions. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose gels containing 5% lavender extracts were investigated in this study for regenerative properties in thermal injury repair in laboratory rats. "Levomicol" ointment was administered as a control. Gel formulations were administered daily to lesions in white rats. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 3 individuals. After the observation period (of 7 days) the animals were euthanized and the epithelium harvested for the study of regeneration indices. As a result of this study, the histological sections studied in hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed partial regeneration both at the epithelial and dermal levels. Regeneration indices have shown that gels containing lavender extracts can increase the proliferation of epithelial cells, the inflammatory processes being decreased.
9
Nishida, Kristine, Si Chen, Jennifer Nguyen, Allison Keller, Vanshika Agarwal, and Venkataramana Sidhaye. "Investigating epithelial plasticity following cigarette smoke exposure in primary human bronchial epithelium." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4260.
Hansi, R. K., G. K. Singhera, T. Shaipanich, D. D. Sin, D. R. Dorscheid, and J. M. Leung. "Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces Epithelial Permeability in COPD and HIV Airway Epithelium." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3650.
Signoretti, Sabina. p63 in Development and Maintenance of the Prostate Epithelium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500614.
Signoretti, Sabina. p63 in Development and Maintenance of the Prostate Epithelium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523884.
Signoretti, Sabina. p63 in Development and Maintenance of the Prostate Epithelium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada468492.
Signoretti, Sabina. p63 in Development and Maintenance of the Prostate Epithelium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482275.
Pines, Mark, Arieh Bar, David A. Carrino, Arnold I. Caplan, and James A. Dennis. Extracellular Matrix Molecules of the Eggshell as Related to Eggshell Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7575270.bard.
The extracellular matrix of the mineralizing eggshell contains molecules hypothesized to be regulators biomineralization. To study eggshell matrix molecules, a bank of monoclonal antibodies was generated that bound demineralized eggshell matrix or localized to oviduct epithelium. Immunofluorescence staining revealed several staining patterns for antibodies that recognized secretory cells: staining for a majority of columnar lining cells, staining for a minor sub-set of columnar lining cells, intensified staining within epithelial crypts, and staining of the entire tubular gland. Western blotting with the antibody Epi2 on eggshell matrix showed binding to molecules with the apparent molecular weight of eggshell matrix dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (eggshell DSPG) (Carrino, et al., 1997). Immunoblots of cyanogen bromide-cleaved eggshell DSPG revealed broad band of reactivity that shifted to 25 kDa after chondroitinase digestion; indicating that the Epi2 binding site is located on a fragment which contains dermatan sulfate side chains. Immunogold labeling showed that Epi2 binds to secretory vesicles within the non-ciliated cells of the columnar epithelium, while the antibodies Tg1 and Tg2 bind to secretory vesicles of tubular gland cells. Immunogold labeling of demineralized shell matrix showed binding of Epi2, Tg1, and Tg2 to the matrix of the palisades layer, and showed little reactivity to other regions of the shell matrix. Quantification of the immunogold particles within the eggshell matrix revealed that antibodies Epi2 and Tg1 bind all calcified regions equally while antibody Tg2 has a greater affinity for the baseplate region of the calcium reserve assembly.
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Libermann, Towia A. A Novel Prostate Epithelium-Specific Transcription Factor in Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428537.
Liberman, Towie A. A Novel Prostate Epithelium-Specific Transcription Factor in Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417956.
Shan, Bin. Deregulated miRNA in Mammary Epithelium by Tumor Promoting Extracellular Matrix. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587722.
Rodgers, D. A., K. J. Nikula, and K. Avila. Demonstration of carboxylesterase in cytology samples of human nasal respiratory epithelium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381364.
Barua, Animesh. Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer by Tumor Epithelium-Targeted Molecular Ultrasound. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598206.
