Journal articles on the topic 'Epithelial thickne'
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1
Wu, Yanan, and Yan Wang. "Detailed Distribution of Corneal Epithelial Thickness and Correlated Characteristics Measured with SD-OCT in Myopic Eyes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1018321.
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Purpose.To investigate the detailed distribution of corneal epithelial thickness in single sectors and its correlated characteristics in myopic eyes.Methods.SD-OCT was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness distribution profile. Differences of corneal epithelial thickness between different parameters and some correlations of characteristics were calculated.Results.The thickest and thinnest part of epithelium were found at the nasal-inferior sector (P<0.05) and at the superior side (P<0.05), respectively. Subjects in the low and moderate myopia groups have thicker epithelial thickness than those in the high myopia group (P<0.05). Epithelial thickness was 1.39 μm thicker in male subjects than in female subjects (P<0.001). There was a slight negative correlation between corneal epithelial thickness and age (r=−0.13,P=0.042). Weak positive correlations were found between corneal epithelial thickness and corneal thickness (r=0.148,P=0.031). No correlations were found between corneal epithelial thickness, astigmatism axis, corneal front curvature, and IOP.Conclusions.The epithelial thickness is not evenly distributed across the cornea. The thickest location of the corneal epithelium is at the nasal-inferior sector. People with high myopia tend to have thinner corneal epithelium than low–moderate myopic patients. The corneal epithelial thickness is likely to be affected by some parameters, such as age, gender, and corneal thickness.
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Crespo Millas, Sara, José Carlos López, Elena García-Lagarto, Estibaliz Obregón, Denise Hileeto, Miguel J. Maldonado, and J. Carlos Pastor. "Histological Patterns of Epithelial Alterations in Keratoconus." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (July 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1468258.
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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence of specific patterns of epithelial response in corneal buttons from keratoconus patients. Methods. This was a retrospective and descriptive study. 90 penetrating keratoplasty specimens obtained from patients diagnosed with keratoconus were evaluated using bright-field microscopy. Morphologically identifiable characteristics including epithelial cell density and epithelial thickness were analyzed on hematoxylin and eosin- (H&E-) and periodic acid of Schiff- (PAS-) stained slides. Results. Three distinctive patterns of epithelial alteration of the central cornea were established. Pattern 3, in which the central epithelium was as thick as peripheral epithelium, was the commonest (44.4%), followed by the pattern 2, defined as central epithelium thinner than periphery epithelium (38.9%), and the uncommonest pattern was number 1, with central epithelium thicker than the periphery (16.7%). Conclusions. Three distinctive histologic patterns that could potentially have a diagnostic and prognostic value in keratoconus patients were found.
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Buffault, Juliette, Pierre Zéboulon, Hong Liang, Anthony Chiche, Jade Luzu, Mathieu Robin, Ghislaine Rabut, Marc Labetoulle, Antoine Labbé, and Christophe Baudouin. "Assessment of corneal epithelial thickness mapping in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 25, 2020): e0239124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239124.
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Purpose To investigate the corneal epithelial thickness topography with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its relationship with vision quality in epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). Methods 45 eyes of EBMD patients, 26 eyes of dry eye (DED) patients and 22 eyes of normal subjects were enrolled. All participants were subjected to 9-mm corneal epithelial mapping with OCT and vision quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system using the objective scatter index (OSI). Central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of epithelium thickness (Irregularity), were analysed and correlations with the OSI were calculated. Results The mean (±SD) central, inferior and maximum epithelial thicknesses of the EBMD patients (respectively, 56.4 (±8.1) μm, 58.9 (±6.4) μm, and 67.1 (±8.3) μm) were thicker compared to DED patients (P<0.05) and normal subjects (P<0.05). We found greater irregularity of epithelial thickness in EBMD (5.1±2.5 μm) compared to DED patients (2.6±1.0 μm) (P = 4.4.10−6) and normal subjects (2.1±0.7 μm) (P = 7.6.10−7). The mean OSI was worse in EBMD patients than in DED patients (P = 0.01) and compared to normal subjects (P = 0.02). The OSI correlated with the epithelial thickness irregularity (Spearman coefficient = 0.54; P = 2.65.10−5). Conclusions The OCT pachymetry map demonstrated that EBMD patients had thicker corneal epithelium in the central and inferior region. These changes were correlated with objective measurements of vision quality. This OCT characterisation of the EMBD provides a better understanding of the epithelial behaviour in this dystrophy and its role in vision quality.
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Smith, Timothy D., Hayley M. Corbin, Scot E. E. King, Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, and Valerie B. DeLeon. "A comparison of diceCT and histology for determination of nasal epithelial type." PeerJ 9 (November 3, 2021): e12261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12261.
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Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) has emerged as a viable tool for discriminating soft tissues in serial CT slices, which can then be used for three-dimensional analysis. This technique has some potential to supplant histology as a tool for identification of body tissues. Here, we studied the head of an adult fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) and a late fetal vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) using diceCT and µCT. Subsequently, we decalcified, serially sectioned and stained the same heads. The two CT volumes were rotated so that the sectional plane of the slice series closely matched that of histological sections, yielding the ideal opportunity to relate CT observations to corresponding histology. Olfactory epithelium is typically thicker, on average, than respiratory epithelium in both bats. Thus, one investigator (SK), blind to the histological sections, examined the diceCT slice series for both bats and annotated changes in thickness of epithelium on the first ethmoturbinal (ET I), the roof of the nasal fossa, and the nasal septum. A second trial was conducted with an added criterion: radioopacity of the lamina propria as an indicator of Bowman’s glands. Then, a second investigator (TS) annotated images of matching histological sections based on microscopic observation of epithelial type, and transferred these annotations to matching CT slices. Measurements of slices annotated according to changes in epithelial thickness alone closely track measurements of slices based on histologically-informed annotations; matching histological sections confirm blind annotations were effective based on epithelial thickness alone, except for a patch of unusually thick non-OE, mistaken for OE in one of the specimens. When characteristics of the lamina propria were added in the second trial, the blind annotations excluded the thick non-OE. Moreover, in the fetal bat the use of evidence for Bowman’s glands improved detection of olfactory mucosa, perhaps because the epithelium itself was thin enough at its margins to escape detection. We conclude that diceCT can by itself be highly effective in identifying distribution of OE, especially where observations are confirmed by histology from at least one specimen of the species. Our findings also establish that iodine staining, followed by stain removal, does not interfere with subsequent histological staining of the same specimen.
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Bazan-Socha, Stanislawa, Sylwia Buregwa-Czuma, Bogdan Jakiela, Lech Zareba, Izabela Zawlik, Aleksander Myszka, Jerzy Soja, et al. "Reticular Basement Membrane Thickness Is Associated with Growth- and Fibrosis-Promoting Airway Transcriptome Profile-Study in Asthma Patients." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22030998.
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Airway remodeling in asthma is characterized by reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickening, likely related to epithelial structural and functional changes. Gene expression profiling of the airway epithelium might identify genes involved in bronchial structural alterations. We analyzed bronchial wall geometry (computed tomography (CT)), RBM thickness (histology), and the bronchial epithelium transcriptome profile (gene expression array) in moderate to severe persistent (n = 21) vs. no persistent (n = 19) airflow limitation asthmatics. RBM thickness was similar in the two studied subgroups. Among the genes associated with increased RBM thickness, the most essential were those engaged in cell activation, proliferation, and growth (e.g., CDK20, TACC2, ORC5, and NEK5) and inhibiting apoptosis (e.g., higher mRNA expression of RFN34, BIRC3, NAA16, and lower of RNF13, MRPL37, CACNA1G). Additionally, RBM thickness correlated with the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components (LAMA3, USH2A), involved in ECM remodeling (LTBP1), neovascularization (FGD5, HPRT1), nerve functioning (TPH1, PCDHGC4), oxidative stress adaptation (RIT1, HSP90AB1), epigenetic modifications (OLMALINC, DNMT3A), and the innate immune response (STAP1, OAS2). Cluster analysis revealed that genes linked with RBM thickness were also related to thicker bronchial walls in CT. Our study suggests that the pro-fibrotic profile in the airway epithelial cell transcriptome is associated with a thicker RBM, and thus, may contribute to asthma airway remodeling.
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Qu, Dongyi, and Yuehua Zhou. "Post-Ortho-K Corneal Epithelium Changes in Myopic Eyes." Disease Markers 2022 (May 29, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3361172.
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The study is aimed at evaluating corneal epithelial thickness changes associated with overnight orthokeratology (ortho-K). In this retrospective study, epithelial thickness was measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months ortho-K nightly lens wear. Compared with pre-orthokeratology measurements, central (2 mm) corneal epithelium thickness was significantly reduced at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months with ortho-K ( P < 0.05 ). Paracentral (2 mm~5 mm annular ring) epithelial thickness was also significantly reduced at superior temporal, inferior temporal, temporal, and inferior locations after ortho-K ( P < 0.05 ), while midperipheral (5 mm~6 mm annular ring) epithelial thickness was greater post- than pre-ortho-K at superior, superior temporal, inferior temporal, inferior, and inferior nasal locations ( P < 0.05 ). In other zones, superior, superior nasal, nasal, and inferior nasal in paracentral annular ring and temporal and superior nasal in midperipheral ring, epithelial thickness underwent no significant change. Ortho-K lens wear caused the central corneal epitheliums to thin. The temporal half zones become thinner in paracentral zones and thicker in midperipheral zones.
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Sun, Yan, Amy G. Hise, Carolyn M. Kalsow, and Eric Pearlman. "Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Corneal Inflammation Is Dependent on Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 9 (September 2006): 5325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00645-06.
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ABSTRACT Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by the corneal epithelium represent a first line of host defense to microbial keratitis. The current study examined the role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and the common adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in a Staphylococcus aureus model of corneal inflammation. The corneal epithelia of C57BL/6, TLR2−/−, TLR4−/−, TLR9−/−, and MyD88−/− mice were abraded using a trephine and epithelial brush and were exposed to heat- or UV-inactivated S. aureus clinical strain 8325-4 and other clinical isolates. Corneal thickness and haze were measured by in vivo confocal microscopy, neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma was quantified by immunohistochemistry, and cytokine production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The exposure of corneal epithelium to S. aureus induced neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma and increased corneal thickness and haze in control C57BL/6 mice but not in TLR2−/− or MyD88−/− mice. The responses of TLR4−/− and TLR9−/− mice were similar to those of C57BL/6 mice. S. aureus-induced cytokine production by corneal epithelial cells and neutrophils was also significantly reduced in TLR2−/− mice compared with that in C57BL/6 mice. These findings indicate that S. aureus-induced corneal inflammation is mediated by TLR2 and MyD88 in resident epithelial cells and infiltrating neutrophils.
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Vanoni, Simone, Giada Scantamburlo, Silvia Dossena, Markus Paulmichl, and Charity Nofziger. "Interleukin-Mediated Pendrin Transcriptional Regulation in Airway and Esophageal Epithelia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030731.
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Pendrin (SLC26A4), a Cl−/anion exchanger, is expressed at high levels in kidney, thyroid, and inner ear epithelia, where it has an essential role in bicarbonate secretion/chloride reabsorption, iodide accumulation, and endolymph ion balance, respectively. Pendrin is expressed at lower levels in other tissues, such as airways and esophageal epithelia, where it is transcriptionally regulated by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 through a signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-mediated pathway. In the airway epithelium, increased pendrin expression during inflammatory diseases leads to imbalances in airway surface liquid thickness and mucin release, while, in the esophageal epithelium, dysregulated pendrin expression is supposed to impact the intracellular pH regulation system. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on interleukin-mediated transcriptional regulation of pendrin and how this dysregulation impacts airway and esophagus epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory diseases.
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Mustonen, MV, MH Poutanen, S. Kellokumpu, Y. de Launoit, VV Isomaa, RK Vihko, and PT Vihko. "Mouse 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 mRNA is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes and in surface epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 20, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0200067.
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17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 efficiently catalyzes the conversion of the high activity 17 beta-hydroxy forms of sex steroids into less potent 17-ketosteroids. In the present study in situ hybridization was utilized to analyze the cellular localization of 17HSD type 2 expression in adult male and female mice. The data indicate that 17HSD type 2 mRNA is expressed in several epithelial cell layers, including both absorptive and secretory epithelia as well as protective epithelium. In both males and females, strong expression of 17HSD type 2 was particularly detected in epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. The mRNA was expressed in the stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus, and surface epithelial cells of the stomach, small intestine and colon. The hepatocytes of the liver and the thick limbs of the loops of Henle in the kidneys, as well as the epithelium of the urinary bladder, also showed strong expression of 17HSD type 2 mRNA in both male and female mice. In the genital tracts, low 17HSD type 2 expression was detected in the seminiferous tubules, the uterine epithelial cells and the surface epithelium of the ovary. Expression of the mRNA was also detected in the sebaceous glands of the skin. The results indicate that in both male and female mice, 17HSD type 2 is expressed mainly in the various epithelial cell types of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and therefore suggest a role for the enzyme in steroid inactivation in a range of tissues and cell types not considered as classical sex steroid target tissues.
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Martyniuk, Kamila, Natalia Ziółkowska, Maria Hanuszewska-Dominiak, Natalia Szyryńska, and Bogdan Lewczuk. "Histology and Ultrastructure of the Esophagus in European Beaver (Castor fiber) Displays Features Adapted to Seasonal Changes in Diet." Animals 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040635.
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The European beaver is a herbivorous rodent whose diet changes seasonally, and in winter consists of large quantities of woody plants. It is distinguished among other mammals by a unique organization of the stomach that comprises the cardiogastric gland and by the unusual process of mucus formation in the gastric mucosa. The aim of study was to (i) characterize the structure of the beaver esophagus with particular attention to the mucosal epithelium; (ii) compare the histological structure of the esophagi collected in spring, summer, and winter; (iii) provide preliminary data on the structure of the esophagus in beaver fetuses. The study was conducted on esophagi of 18 adult beavers captured in Poland in April, August, and December, and on 3 fetal organs. The results obtained in adults show that the mucosa is lined with thick stratified squamous keratinized epithelium with a structure similar to that of the skin epidermis. Ultrastructural studies reveal the presence of multiple lamellar and non-lamellar bodies in granular cells, whose morphology and location gradually change while reaching the upper epithelial layers. The muscularis mucosa comprises a layer of longitudinally oriented bundles of smooth muscle cells. Both mucosa and submucosa do not comprise any glands. The thick muscularis externa consists mainly of internal circular and external longitudinal layers of striated muscle fibers. The keratinized layer of mucosa epithelium was 2-3-fold thicker in esophagi collected in winter than in those collected in spring and summer, while the epithelial cell layer thickness remained unchanged regardless of the season. Immunolabeling for proliferating cell nuclear antigen shows a higher index of epithelium proliferation in esophagi collected in winter than in spring and summer. No seasonal differences were noted in other layers of the esophagus. Fetal organs have epithelium covered with a keratinized layer, thinner than in adults, and the muscularis externa comprises both striated and smooth muscle cells.
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Utomo, Budi, Nurfitri Rahmah Daningtia, Gandul Atik Yuliani, and Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti. "Effects of a standardized 40% ellagic acid pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extract on seminiferous tubule histopathology, diameter, and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats after heat exposure." August-2019 12, no. 8 (August 2019): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1261-1265.
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Background and Aim: It has long been known that the spermatogenic tissue is very sensitive to temperatures higher than its physiologic temperature and causing cessation of activity and resulting in sterility. This study investigated the effect of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate on the histopathology, diameter, and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules in albino rats exposed to heat. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five male albino Wistar rats were randomized at 7-8 months of age to five treatment groups. Group C was not treated; Group T0 was treated with 0.5% of Na carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 2 ml/day and exposed to heat. T1, T2, and T3 were treated with 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), respectively. The animals were orally administered Na CMC or pomegranate extract and were exposed to sunlight for 15 min at 40°C-42°C for 14 days. The animals were sacrificed on day 15 and the testes were removed for histological evaluation and measurement of seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness. Results: The diameter of seminiferous tubules from rats exposed to heat and treated with 300 mg/kg/day pomegranate extract was larger and the epithelia thicker than those in the other groups (p= <0.05). The protective effects of the standardized 40% ellagic acid extract may have been mediated by its antioxidant activity. Conclusion: Compared with controls, administration of 300 mg/kg/day of a standardized 40% ellagic acid extract of P. granatum L. for 14 days increased seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium thickness in albino Wistar rats exposed to heat. Keywords: diameter, epithelium thickness, heat, pomegranate extract, seminiferous tubule.
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Yang, Xiao-Long, Bao-Gen Luo, Yue Xu, and Xiao-Feng Zhang. "Corneal epithelial thickness analysis of forme fruste keratoconus with optical coherence tomography." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.01.13.
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AIM: To explore the significance of corneal epithelial thickness analysis in diagnosing early keratoconus. METHODS: There were 26 clinical keratoconus, 21 forme fruste keratoconus, 40 high corneal astigmatism (ΔK) and 40 low ΔK eyes involved in the study. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness of four groups. The morphological features of topographic map and the thickness of corneal epithelial thinnest point were analyzed. The distribution curve of corneal epithelial thickness at 45°, 90°, and 135° axial directions that are through the pupil center was also analyzed. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the data. RESULTS: The topographic map of forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelial thickness was uniformity shape; crater shape existed only in clinical keratoconus group; and central island shape mainly existed in high ΔK group. The thinnest point of corneal epithelial thickness of forme fruste keratoconus group was significantly lower than that of low ΔK group (P=0.022). The thickness of corneal epithelium in the forme fruste keratoconus at 90° was thinner than that in the low astigmatism group at -1, and -2 mm points (P-1 mm=0.015, P-2 mm=0.036). CONCLUSION: The analysis of the thinnest point in forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelium appears earlier than corneal epithelial remodeling. The topographic map of corneal epithelium in high ΔK eyes appears in central island shape, and can be used for the differential diagnosis of early keratoconus.
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Legan, P. K., K. K. Yue, M. A. Chidgey, J. L. Holton, R. W. Wilkinson, and D. R. Garrod. "The bovine desmocollin family: a new gene and expression patterns reflecting epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation." Journal of Cell Biology 126, no. 2 (July 15, 1994): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.126.2.507.
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We have discovered a third bovine desmocollin gene, DSC3, and studied expression of all three desmocollin genes, DSC1, 2, and 3, by Northern blotting, RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. DSC1 is strongly expressed in epidermis and tongue papillae, showing a "skin"-type pattern resembling that previously described for keratins 1 and 10. Expression is absent from the epidermal basal layer but appears in the immediate suprabasal layers and continues uniformly to the lower granular layer. In tongue epithelium, expression is suprabasal and strictly localized to papillae, being absent from interpapillary regions. In other epithelial low level DSC1 expression is detectable only by RT-PCR. The distribution of Dsc1 glycoproteins, detected by an isoform-specific monoclonal antibody, closely reflects mRNA distribution in epidermis and tongue. DSC2 is ubiquitously expressed in epithelia and cardiac muscle. In stratified epithelia, expression appears immediately suprabasal, continuing weakly to the lower granular layer in epidermis and to just above half epithelial thickness in interpapillary tongue, oesophageal, and rumenal epithelia. DSC3 expression is restricted to the basal and immediately suprabasal layers in stratified epithelia. In deep rete ridges DSC expression strikingly resembles the distribution of stem, transit-amplifying, and terminally differentiating cells described by others. DSC3 expression is strongly basal, DSC2 is strong in 5-10 suprabasal layers, and then weakens to be superseded by strong DSC1. These results suggest that desmocollin isoform expression has important functional consequences in epithelial proliferation, stratification, and differentiation. The data also provide a standard for nomenclature of the desmocollins.
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Rattan, Suzan Amana, and Didar Sddeq Anwar. "Comparison of corneal epithelial thickness profile in dry eye patients, keratoconus suspect, and healthy eyes." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 1506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672120952034.
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Purpose: To compare the corneal epithelial thickness profile in patients with dry eyes and keratoconus suspect with normal healthy eyes. Methods: The study involved 120 eyes with an age range from 19 to 30 years. Forty eyes had normal corneal topography and no dry eyes. Forty eyes had dry eyes but had normal corneal topography. The last 40 eyes were keratoconus suspect and had no symptoms or signs of dry eyes. Results: Central epithelial thickness was not different statistically for all eyes. ( p-value: 0.1). The superior epithelial thickness was 53.5 µm ±3.1 in the control group, 53.4 µm ±3.5 in the dry eye group, and 53.6 µm ±2.8 in the keratoconus suspect group. No statistically significant difference was found ( p-value = 0.7). The inferior epithelial thickness was 55.7 µm ±3.5 in the control, 57.2 µm ±3.19 in the dry eyes, and 52.2 µm ±3.12 in the KC suspects. There was inferior thickening in the dry eyes and thinning in the KC suspects and this was statistically significant ( p-value < 0.01). Minimum epithelial thickness was 52.8 µm ±2.91 in the control and 53.2 µm ±3.51 in the dry eyes and it was located superiorly for both groups. In the KC suspects, the minimum thickness was 52.3 µm ±3.19 and was located inferiorly. Conclusion: In our study the epithelium appears to be thicker inferiorly in dry eyes and thinner in KC suspects. Displacement of thinnest location on epithelial map may be a helpful early sign of keratoconus. However, follow-up study is necessary to confirm the thinnest location displacement helped in this diagnosis.
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Jakobiec, Frederick A., Paula Cortes Barrantes, Lina Ma, and Nahyoung Grace Lee. "Complex Intratarsal Cyst with a Mixed Ciliated Respiratory-Type and Squamous Epithelial Lining." Ocular Oncology and Pathology 6, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501369.
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A 55-year-old woman developed a painless, non-ulcerated left upper eyelid swelling over 6 months. Examination disclosed a fluctuant mass that permitted movement of the eyelid skin over the lesion. A full-thickness eyelid resection contained a well-encapsulated cyst with milky contents that was predominantly located in the tarsus. The cyst’s lining was partially composed of segments of ciliated respiratory-type and non-keratinizing squamous epithelia. Immunohistochemical evaluation with cytokeratins 17, 18, and 19 confirmed the staining pattern of a respiratory-type epithelial cell (whether or not cilia were present in the non-squamous epithelial zones). In the squamous region, entirely different cytokeratin results were obtained vis-a-vis the non-squamous regions of the lining. The current lesion is interpreted as congenital and representing an in situ persistence of embryonic ciliated glandular epithelium that normally exists only transitorily. A more remote possibility is that the lesion was the result of ectopic epithelial cells displaced from an adjacent sinus. A recurrence has not developed during 6 months of follow-up.
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Füst, Ágnes, Jeannette Tóth, László Imre, and Zoltán Zsolt Nagy. "Non-malignant conjunctival epithelial masses with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like optical coherence tomography features." International Ophthalmology 41, no. 5 (March 10, 2021): 1827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01743-y.
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Abstract Purpose To observe and describe the anterior segment optical coherence tomography features of limbally localised non-malignant epithelial mass lesions Methods Thirteen patients (age: 66.9 ± 16.3 years) with conjunctival mass suggesting ocular surface squamous neoplasia with biomicroscopic examination were imaged using anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (anterior segment optical coherence tomography)/Cirrus HD-OCT, Model 4000, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA, and Spectralis HRA + OCT system, Heidelberg Engineering, Vista, CA/. Cases with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like anterior segment optical coherence tomography (hyperreflective, thickened epithelium and an abrupt transition from normal to abnormal) were included in the study. Maximal thickness of the epithelium was measured. Histological diagnosis was gained from an excisional or incisional biopsy or impression cytology specimens. Results In six patients (age: 68.5 ± 15.4 years) with ocular surface squamous neoplasia-like anterior segment optical coherence tomography features, the histological diagnosis was other than ocular surface squamous neoplasia (papilloma, parakeratosis and a keratotic plaque with mild dysplasia), and ocular surface squamous neoplasia in seven cases (age: 65.6 ± 18.0 years). The maximal epithelial thickness was between 250 and 859 µm in non-ocular surface squamous neoplasia cases and between 252 and 596 µm in ocular surface squamous neoplasia cases. Conclusion Non-malignant epithelial lesions can mimic ocular surface squamous neoplasia on anterior segment optical coherence tomography.
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Veri, Nora, Cut Mutiah, Dewita Dewita, Henniwati Henniwati, Fazdria Fazdria, Lia Lajuna, and T. Salfiyadi Salfiyadi. "The Effect of Duration of Use of Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate on the Thickness of the Vaginal Epithelium of Mice." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, A (January 15, 2021): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5574.
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BACKGROUND: Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is one of the most effective contraceptive methods currently widely used. Injectable contraceptives, including DMPA, are growing in popularity because of their ease of use, effectiveness and affordability. The use of DMPA also has advantages such as not interfering with sexual relations, does not need male participation, does not require storage space, and is easy to obtain and helps increase body weight.
AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the duration of use of DMPA on the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice.
METHODS: The research design used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only control group design approach. This research was carried out treatment at a dose of 0.39 mg/mouse/day DMPA exposure in mice. The phenomenon observed in this study was the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. This study used mice with the completely randomized design method and was carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory and the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah. The collection of data technique was conducted by observation with a light microscope to calculate the average thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice injected with DMPA in the four groups. The data analysis technique was carried out in five stages, namely, the normality test of the sample data with the Shapiro–Wilk test, the homogeneity test of variance with the Levene test, and comparing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in each of the two treatment groups using the independent t-test.
RESULTS: The finding revised that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in the two treatment groups 10 days and 15 days of DMPA exposure which was indicated by a p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). DMPA exposure levels cause thinning of the vaginal epithelial thickness. The average thickness of vaginal epithelium exposure to DMPA for 10 days in the control group was 182536.33 ± 5773.465. In the treatment group, exposure to DMPA for 10 days, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 168322.33 ± 7611.300. The mean vaginal epithelial thickness in the 15-day DMPA exposure group in the control group was 177242.83 ± 9689.558. In the 15-day DMPA exposure treatment group, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 138674.83 ± 17176.124.
CONCLUSION: There was a difference in the mean vaginal epithelial thickness between the control group and 10 days of DMPA exposure. There was a difference in the mean vaginal epithelial thickness between the control group and 15 days of DMPA exposure. The longer the exposure to DMPA, the thinner the thickness of the vaginal epithelium.
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Kuo, Yu-Kai, Yen-Ting Chen, Ho-Min Chen, Pei-Chang Wu, Chi-Chin Sun, Ling Yeung, Ken-Kuo Lin, et al. "Efficacy of Myopia Control and Distribution of Corneal Epithelial Thickness in Children Treated with Orthokeratology Assessed Using Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020278.
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The association between myopia control efficacy in children treated with orthokeratology and corneal epithelial thickness is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the corneal epithelial thickness and its association with axial length changes in children treated with orthokeratology. This retrospective cohort study enrolled children aged from 9 to 15 years who had received orthokeratology for myopia control and had been followed up for at least 1 year. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed to generate wide epithelial thickness maps of the patients. Annual axial length changes were calculated from the axial length at 6 months after the initiation of orthokeratology lens wear and at final measurements. Corneal epithelial thickness data were obtained from 24 sectors and a central 2 mm zone of the wide epithelial thickness map. Associations between annual axial length changes and corneal epithelial thickness for each sector/zone of the wide epithelial thickness map, and orthokeratology treatment data were determined by generalized estimating equations. Finally, a total of 83 eyes of 43 patients (mean age 11.2 years) were included in the analysis. The mean annual axial length change was 0.169 mm; when regressing demographic and ortho-k parameters to mean annual axial length changes, age and target power were both negatively associated with them (β = −14.43, p = 0.008; β = −0.26, p = 0.008, respectively). After adjusting for age and target power, the annual axial length changes were positively associated with the corneal epithelium thickness of IT1, I1, SN2, and S2 sectors of the wide epithelial thickness map, and negatively with that of the I3 sector. In conclusion, we identified associations between annual axial length changes and the corneal epithelium thickness of certain sectors in children treated with orthokeratology. This may facilitate the design of orthokeratology lenses with enhanced efficacy for myopia control.
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Caglayan Sozmen, Sule, Meral Karaman, Serap Cilaker Micili, Sakine Isik, Zeynep Arikan Ayyildiz, Alper Bagriyanik, Nevin Uzuner, and Ozkan Karaman. "Resveratrol ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions through effects on the epithelium." PeerJ 4 (March 31, 2016): e1889. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1889.
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Background.Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol treatment on epithelium-derived cytokines and epithelial apoptosis in a murine model of atopic dermatitis-like lesions.Material and Methods.Atopic dermatitis-like lesions were induced in BALB/c mice by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene to shaved dorsal skin. Twenty-one BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: group I (control), group II (vehicle control), and group III (resveratrol). Systemic resveratrol (30 mg/kg/day) was administered repeatedly during the 6th week of the experiment. After the mice had been sacrificed, skin tissues were examined histologically for epithelial thickness. Epithelial apoptosis (caspase-3) and epithelium-derived cytokines [interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)] were evaluated immunohistochemically.Results.Epithelial thickness and the numbers of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP and caspase-3-positive cells were significantly higher in group II compared to group I mice. There was significant improvement in epithelial thickness in group III compared with group II mice (p< 0.05). The numbers of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP-positive cells in the epithelium were lower in group III than in group II mice (p< 0.05). The number of caspase-3-positive cells, as an indicator of apoptosis, in the epithelium was significantly lower in group III than in group II mice (p< 0.05).Conclusion.Treatment with resveratrol was effective at ameliorating histological changes and inflammation by acting on epithelium-derived cytokines and epithelial apoptosis.
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Musayeva, Aytan, Caroline Manicam, Andreas Steege, Christoph Brochhausen, Beate K. Straub, Katharina Bell, Norbert Pfeiffer, and Adrian Gericke. "Role of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes on corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 315, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): C757—C765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00314.2018.
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Adrenergic stimuli are important for corneal epithelial structure and healing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that the lack of a single α1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) subtype affects corneal epithelial thickness and cell proliferation. Expression levels of α1-AR mRNA were determined in mouse cornea using real-time PCR. In mice devoid of one of the three α1-AR subtypes (α1A-AR−/−, α1B-AR−/−, α1D-AR−/−) and in wild-type controls, thickness of individual corneal layers, the number of epithelial cell layers, and average epithelial cell size were determined in cryosections. Endothelial cell density and morphology were calculated in corneal explants, and epithelial cell proliferation rate was determined with immunofluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the corneal epithelium was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Messenger RNA for all three α1-AR subtypes was expressed in whole cornea and in corneal epithelium from wild-type mice with a rank order of abundance of α1A ≥ α1B > α1D. In contrast, no α1-AR mRNA was detected in the stroma, and only α1B-AR mRNA was found in the Descemet endothelial complex. Remarkably, corneal epithelial thickness and mean epithelial cell size were reduced in α1A-AR−/− mice. Our findings suggest that the α1A-AR exerts growth effects in mouse corneal epithelial cells.
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Fu, Meng-Jun, Shan Duan, Hao-Run Zhang, Jing-Jing Zhao, Li Zeng, Rui Wang, and Xing-Tao Zhou. "Corneal histomorphology and electron microscopic observation of R124L mutated corneal dystrophy in a relapsed pedigree." International Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 1416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2022.09.02.
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AIM: To investigate the histological characteristics and ultrastructure of recurrent Chinese R124L mutated corneal dystrophy after keratoplasty. METHODS: The subjects were enrolled from a Chinese family of corneal dystrophy with R124L heterozygous gene mutation and with a history of consanguineous marriage. Normal corneal samples were used as controls. RESULTS: In this family, 2 patients (3 eyes) underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and 2 patients (4 eyes) underwent lamellar keratoplasty (LKP). They had recurrence at 33.5±3.0 (range 30-36)mo after keratoplasty. Among them, 1 patient (1 eye) underwent PKP again and 1 patient (2 eyes) underwent LKP again. In the R124L mutated recurrent corneal dystrophy, the corneal turbidity was mainly distributed from the upper corneal cortex to the anterior stroma; the corneal epithelium surface was rougher and more uneven; and, the corneal erosions were larger. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the thickness of the corneal epithelium was uneven; the arrangement of the epithelial cells was disordered; and, some corneal epithelial cells were swollen. The results of Congo red staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were positive, while that of Alcian blue staining was negative. Under a transmission electron microscope, deposition of high electron density substances between epithelial and basal cells, and, apoptosis of basal cells were observed. Many high electron density depositions were observed in the sub-epithelial and anterior corneal matrix. CONCLUSION: In the Chinese family of recurrent corneal dystrophy with R124L gene mutation, the corneal epithelia of the recurrent cases are rougher, and the corneal depositions are extracellular amyloid fibrin.
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Ismail, Nur Hilwani, Khairul Osman, Aini Farzana Zulkefli, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar, and Siti Fatimah Ibrahim. "The Physicochemical Characteristics of Gelam Honey and Its Outcome on the Female Reproductive Tissue of Sprague–Dawley Rats: A Preliminary Study." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 2, 2021): 3346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113346.
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Gelam honey (GH) is a prized natural product synthesized from the nectar of flowers from Gelam trees (Melaleuca sp.). Gelam is an evergreen tree species that grows in tropical regions such as Malaysia. GH is a multifloral honey with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the beneficial effect of GH on female reproductive tissue has yet to be substantiated. Herein, we investigated the effects of GH administration on the uterine and vaginal epithelial thickness of sexually mature Sprague–Dawley rats. Epithelia thickness could be an indicator of an atrophy manifesting as a symptom of a cardio syndrome. Rats were given oral doses of GH in four groups for 14 days; the lowest dose was 0.2 g GH/kg body weight (bw) rat/day and the highest dose was 8 g GH/kg bw rat/day. The physicochemical characteristics of GH were assessed through hydroxymethylfurfural and moisture content determination and sugar identification. GH attenuated the atrophy of the uterine and vaginal epithelia and increased the thickness of the endometrial stroma and endometrial surface endothelial layer. However, the dissonance observed in the effect of GH administration on the vaginal epithelium requires further investigation. Nevertheless, GH may have a strong potential in attenuating uterine and vaginal atrophies.
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Stasio, Lauritano, Iquebal, Romano, Gentile, and Lucchese. "Measurement of Oral Epithelial Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography." Diagnostics 9, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics9030090.
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time, in-situ, non-invasive imaging device that is able to perform a cross-sectional evaluation of tissue microstructure based on the specific intensity of back-scattered and reflected light. The aim of the present study was to define normal values of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity. OCT measurements of epithelial thickness were performed in 28 healthy patients at six different locations within the oral cavity. Image analysis was performed using Image J 1.52 software. The healthy epithelium has a mean thickness of 335.59 ± 150.73 µm. According to its location within the oral cavity, the epithelium showed highest values in the region of the buccal mucosa (659.79 µm) and the thinnest one was observed in the mouth’s floor (100.07 µm). OCT has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of oral mucosa in vivo and in real time. Our study provides reference values for the epithelial thickness of multiple sites within the oral cavity. Knowledge of the thickness values of healthy mucosa is, therefore, of fundamental importance.
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El Hachimi, Rim, Rida El Hadiri, Nihal El Arari, Noureddine Boutimzine, and Lalla Ouafa Cherkaoui. "EPITHELIAL MAPPING AND TOPICAL ANTIGLAUCOMA TREATMENT: EARLY DETECTOR OF OCULAR SURFACE SUFFERING?" International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 04 (April 30, 2022): 1123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14656.
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The corneal epithelium is one of the major structures that undergo changes to the ocular surface. It is for this reason that the central epithelial thickness measurement has been proposed as an objective indicator to monitor the health of the ocular surface. We report the case of a 60-year-old patient who has bilateral open-angle glaucoma under dual therapy and diffuse bilateral central epithelial thinning in epithelial mapping. Thickness variability can be correlated with patientÂ’s dry eye symptoms, and that epithelial thickness profiles could be used to monitor a patients response to treatment. The thinning is usually moderate and its exact therapeutic implication in terms of stopping or changing therapy remains to be determined by future studies.
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Roudier-Pujol, C., A. Rochat, B. Escoubet, E. Eugene, Y. Barrandon, J. P. Bonvalet, and N. Farman. "Differential expression of epithelial sodium channel subunit mRNAs in rat skin." Journal of Cell Science 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.2.379.
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Three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel have been recently characterized. The channel subunits have significant homologies with the Caenorhabditis elegans mec-4, mec-10 and deg-1 genes, which are involved in control of cell volume and mecanotransduction. These subunits are coexpressed at equivalent levels in the renal collecting duct and the distal colon epithelium which are high resistance sodium transporting epithelia. We have investigated whether these subunits were expressed, at the mRNA level, in transporting as well as non transporting epithelial cells of rat skin. In full-thickness abdominal skin only alpha and gamma subunit mRNAs were detected, while all three subunit mRNAs were present in sole skin, as demonstrated by RNase-protection assay. Furthermore, the level of expression of each subunit varied with the epithelial cell type as demonstrated by in situ hybridization: epidermal and follicular keratinocytes express mostly alpha and gamma subunits (while beta was low); a prevalence of beta and gamma was observed in sweat glands. Thus, it appeared that two out of the three subunit mRNAs predominated in each epithelial structure. In addition, mRNAs of the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel were expressed at a higher level in large suprabasal epidermal keratinocytes (which undergo terminal differentiation) than in small proliferative basal keratinocytes.
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Hukkanen, Veijo, Hannamari Mikola, Marja Nykänen, and Stina Syrjänen. "Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection has two separate modes of spread in three-dimensional keratinocyte culture." Journal of General Virology 80, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 2149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-80-8-2149.
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This study describes the outcome of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in an organotypic raft culture of spontaneously immortalized HaCat keratinocytes and human fibroblasts, as related to the virus load and epithelial stratification and differentiation. In this model, a confluent monolayer of HaCat keratinocytes was formed 60 h after seeding. Inoculation of HSV-1 before induction of differentiation by lifting of the culture to the air–liquid interface always resulted in a productive infection, but the virus yield was highest when the inoculation took place 72 h after seeding. Even at 0·1 p.f.u. per culture, the HaCat cultures became HSV positive. Infection of the full-thickness epithelium at 5 p.f.u. per culture resulted in a productive infection of the whole epithelium. The HaCat cells were about 10 times more sensitive to HSV-1 infection than the Vero cells in which the virus stocks were titrated. The raft cultures infected 30 min after lifting were negative by HSV-1 culture, and no HSV-1 antigen was detected by immunocytochemistry. PCR showed the presence of HSV-1 DNA and in situ hybridization showed reactivity with a latency-associated RNA probe, indicating the presence of a non-productive infection. Two different patterns of virus spread in epithelia were found: (i) lateral spread through the superficial layers of the epithelium and (ii) a demarcated infection throughout the whole thickness of the epithelium at the margins of the culture.
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Ghosh, Saroj Kumar. "The morphohistology and fine anatomy of the olfactory organ in pabda catfish, Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794)." Our Nature 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v18i1.34237.
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The organization of the olfactory system in Ompok bimaculatus (Siluriformes: Siluridae) were investigated by histological and ultrastructural analysis. The nasal chamber was totally engrossed by a boat shaped elongated olfactory rosette with numerous lamella. Histomicroscopically, each lamella was comprised of central core bounded on both sides by the cellular elements of olfactory epithelium. The central core was composed of thick connective tissue, nerve fibres and blood capillaries. The cellular components of the olfactory epithelium were identified based on their staining vigour, architecture, structural characteristics and surface features. The sensory epithelium contained morphologically recognizable ciliated, microvillous and rod receptor neurons. Labyrinth cells, scattered lymphatic cells, secretory mucous cells, stratified epithelial cells bearing microfolds and condensed ciliated supporting cells were observed in the indifferent epithelia. The basal cells were submerged in the deeper zone of mucosa above the basal lamina. Different sensory and nonsensory cells of the olfactory lining were associated with chemical stimulation of the fish studied. This species acquires a well developed olfactory sense for exploring the aquatic environment and able to determine the chemical changes in the surroundings.
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Villar, Cristina Cunha, and Antonio Fernando Martorelli de Lima. "Smoking influences on the thickness of marginal gingival epithelium." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, no. 1 (March 2003): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000100008.
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Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 mm, stained with H. E., and examined by image analysis software (KS400), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation and the quantification of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial perimeters. Differences between the four groups were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. The criteria for statistical significance were accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers independent of the gingival health situation.
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Lavelle, J. P., H. O. Negrete, P. A. Poland, C. L. Kinlough, S. D. Meyers, R. P. Hughey, and M. L. Zeidel. "Low permeabilities of MDCK cell monolayers: a model barrier epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): F67—F75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.1.f67.
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Barrier epithelia such as the renal collecting duct (in the absence of antidiuretic hormone) and thick ascending limb, as well as the stomach and mammalian bladder, exhibit extremely low permeabilities to water and small nonelectrolytes. A cell culture model of such epithelia is needed to determine how the structure of barrier apical membranes reduce permeability and how such membranes may be generated and maintained. In the present studies, the transepithelial electrical resistance and isotopic water and urea fluxes were measured for Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) type I and type II cells, as well as type I cells expressing the mucin protein, MUC1, in their apical membranes. Although earlier studies had found the unstirred layer effects too great to permit measurement of transepithelial permeabilities, use of ultrathin semipermeable supports in this study overcame this difficulty. Apical membrane diffusive water permeabilities were 1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) cm/s and 3.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(-4) cm/s in MDCK type I and type II cells, respectively, at 20 degrees C. Urea permeability in type I cells at the same temperature was 6.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(-6) cm/s. These values resemble those of other barrier epithelial apical membranes, either isolated or in intact epithelia, and the water permeability values are far below those of other epithelial cells in culture. Transfection of MDCK type I cells with the major human urinary epithelial mucin, MUC1, led to abundant expression of the fully glycosylated form of the protein on immunoblots, and flow cytometry revealed that virtually all the cells expressed the protein. However, MUC1 had no effect on water or urea permeabilities. In conclusion, MDCK cells grown on semipermeable supports form a model barrier epithelium. Abundant expression of mucins does not alter the permeability properties of these cells.
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Kimata, Koji, Teruyo Sakakura, Yutaka Inaguma, Masato Kato, and Yasuaki Nishizuka. "Participation of two different mesenchymes in the developing mouse mammary gland: synthesis of basement membrane components by fat pad precursor cells." Development 89, no. 1 (October 1, 1985): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.89.1.243.
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Two different types of mesenchyme, fat pad precursor cells (FP) and fibroblastic cells (MM) are involved in the morphogenesis of mammary gland epithelium of mouse embryo. Especially, an interaction between FP and the epithelium is necessary for its characteristic shaping of ductal branching structure. To assess the relative participations of the mesenchymes, we have analysed the extracellular matrix products by immunofluorescent staining method using antibodies to laminin, proteoheparan sulphate, and fibronectin. The staining patterns suggested that, after the 16th day of gestation when fatty substances first appeared in FP and the epithelial rudiments started to elongate and branch rapidly, FP initiated synthesis of laminin and proteoheparan sulphate, while MM synthesized fibronectin at all times. Attention was also paid to differences in the epithelial basement membranes (BM) concomitant with ones in the mesenchyme. BM were always stained with antibodies to laminin and proteoheparan sulphate. However, topographical differences in thickness were observed: the one facing FP, often seen at the tip region of the end bud, was thin, while the other surrounded by MM, often at the flank region of the duct, was thick. Specific elaboration of BM-like extracellular matrix products by FP may attribute to observed differences in BM thickness which are related to the characteristic shaping of the mammary gland.
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Tang, Maolong, Yan Li, and David Huang. "Corneal Epithelial Remodeling after LASIK Measured by Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Ophthalmology 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/860313.
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Purpose. To quantify corneal epithelial thickness changes after myopic LASIK by OCT.Methods.Epithelial thickness before and after myopic LASIK were measured by a Fourier-domain OCT system. Average central (within 1 mm diameter) and paracentral epithelial thickness (5~6 mm diameter) before and after LASIK were compared. Correlation between central epithelial thickness change and laser spherical equivalent setting was evaluated. An epithelial smoothing constant was estimated based on a mathematical model published previously.Results.Nineteen eyes from 11 subjects were included in the study. Eyes had myopic LASIK ranging from −1.69 D to −6.75 D spherical equivalent. The average central epithelial thickness was 52.6 ± 4.1 μm before LASIK and 56.2 ± 4.3 μm 3 months after LASIK (p=0.002). The average paracentral epithelial thickness was 51.6 ± 6.6 μm before LASIK and 54.8 ± 4.3 μm 3 months after LASIK (p=0.007). The change in average central epithelial thickness was correlated with laser spherical equivalent (R2= 0.40,p=0.028). The epithelial smoothing constant was estimated to be 0.46 mm.Conclusions. Corneal epithelial thickens centrally and paracentrally after myopic LASIK. The extent of epithelial remodeling correlated with the amount of LASIK correction and could be predicted by a mathematical model.
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Pabalan, Noel, K. G. Davey, and Laurence Packer. "Comparative morphology of spermathecae in solitary and primitively eusocial bees (Hymenoptera; Apoidea)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-092.
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Spermathecae of solitary and primitively eusocial bees from five major families were compared according to their chamber size, epithelial cell height (wall thickness), number and shape of glands, number of sperm pumps, and diameter of the duct, using whole mounts and serial sections. A thick spermathecal wall with a small chamber in our exemplar colletid, megachilid, and andrenid bees, a large chamber with a thick wall in social Apidae, and a thin wall with a large chamber in social halictids indicate that a big chamber may be associated with increased colony size. A thin epithelium in the receptacle of halictid bees suggests relegation of spermathecal secretion to the spermathecal gland. A relatively thick spermathecal wall in the Apinae indicates the potential importance of both the epithelial cell layer of the receptacle and the enlarged spermathecal gland in maintaining large numbers of stored sperm. There was one sperm pump in all taxa surveyed except the representative Halictidae, in which this structure was paired. Elongated spermathecal glands may typify the spermathecae of eusocial bees.
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Muntz, W. R. A., and S. L. Wentworth. "Structure of the Adhesive Surface of the Digital Tentacles ofNautilus Pompilius." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 3 (August 1995): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400039163.
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The cirri of the digital tentacles ofNautilus pompiliusare covered by annular ridges, more pronounced on the oral (adhesive) than the aboral side. On the oral side the epithelium is thicker on the proximal and outer surfaces of the ridges than on their distal surfaces. Prominent electron-dense granules occur in the cells of the thick epithelium, but are absent from the thin epithelium and the epithelium of the aboral surface. These granules contain mucopolysaccharide and may be responsible for adhesion.The digital tentacles ofNautilusare used for attachment to, for example, prey, the substratum, or the partner's shell during mating. Their general structure and histology have been described by Owen (1832), Willey (1898), Barber & Wright (1969), Fukuda (1987) and Kier (1987). The mechanism of adhesion is still uncertain. Barber & Wright (1969) report epithelial cells of two types: pigmented cells containing pigment granules 0–5–1 µm in diameter, interspersed with a small number of mucus-producing cells which may help with the adhesive process.
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de Ortueta, Diego, Dennis von Rüden, and Samuel Arba-Mosquera. "Refractive Effect of Epithelial Remodelling in Myopia after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy." Vision 6, no. 4 (December 13, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision6040074.
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(1) Introduction: We analysed epithelial changes after the treatment of moderate myopia with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy. (2) Materials and Methods: We used optical coherence tomography data and analysed changes in the stroma and epithelium after ablation. We aimed to ascertain how much epithelium hyperplasia occurred after TransPRK; for this, we used data from 50 eyes treated with TransPRK with the AMARIS 1050 Hz, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. (3) Results: The measured epithelial changes corresponded to a less than 0.1 ± 0.2D of spherical effect, less than 0.2 ± 0.2D of astigmatic effect, and less than 0.5 ± 0.2D of comatic effect. (4) Conclusions: The changes in epithelial thickness after aberration-neutral transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for moderate myopia were very small, indicating a low level of epithelial hyperplasia without resembling a regression-inducing lentoid.
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Cserni, Dorottya, Tamás Zombori, Anette Stájer, Annamária Rimovszki, Gábor Cserni, and Zoltán Baráth. "Immunohistochemical Characterization of Reactive Epithelial Changes in Odontogenic Keratocysts." Pathology & Oncology Research 26, no. 3 (October 18, 2019): 1717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00749-3.
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Abstract Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) have a diagnostic thin epithelial lining characterised by a linear epithelial connective tissue interface generally lacking inflammatory changes, basal palisading of the nuclei and a wavy parakeratotic layer on the surface. This typical epithelium may convert to a thicker non-keratinizing one with rete pegs and a relatively flat surface after operative decompression. The aim was to characterize this type of epithelial change by immunohistochemistry for bcl2, keratin17, 10 and 19. Eleven out of 33 archived OKCs demonstrated an altered epithelium related to previous biopsy, decompressing drainage or inflammation. The typical basal bcl2 staining was lost in 10/11 cases; transepithelial CK17 was lost or markedly reduced in 9/11 cases. CK10 displayed a segmental upper layer staining in OKCs, and its loss or partial loss in the altered epithelium did not differ from negative areas of OKCs. CK19 displayed various staining patterns in the altered epithelium from lost to maintained in a patchy transepithelial distribution, the latter of which did not differ from the typical OKC staining pattern. Three of four non-keratinizing epithelial linings with basal palisading displayed immunostaining reminiscent of typical OKC epithelium. The lack of a typical epithelium is not sufficient to exclude the diagnosis of OKC if the sampling is not generous (e.g. biopsy), and the presence of non-keratinizing epithelium with basal palisading and an immunophenotype characteristic of OKC (basal bcl2, patchy or diffuse CK17 and upper layer CK10 positivity) may be consistent with the OKC diagnosis even in the absence of typical epithelial lining.
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Cho, Do-Yeon, Illek Beate, Fischer Horst, and Peter H. Hwang. "Electrophysiologic Features of Freshly Excised Nasal Tissue." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.542.
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Problem Epithelial ion transport regulates hydration of respiratory mucosal surfaces, which promotes effective mucociliary clearance. Activators of chloride ion (Cl-) secretion, such as ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), may enhance the rheologic properties of mucus. Altered ion transport could play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study is to assess the electrophysiologic characteristics and role of vitamin C on the nasal mucosa of CRS patients. Methods Nasal tissues (uncinate process, inferior turbinate, nasal septum) were obtained from five CRS patients during sinus surgery and mounted on disks with open areas of 0.03cm2 to 0.71cm2 between Ussing hemichambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) was continuously recorded, and at 50-s intervals transepithelial voltage was clamped from 0 to 2mV. Serosa-to-mucosa-directed Cl- gradient was applied to increase the electrochemical driving force for Cl- exit across the apical membrane. Results Isc decreased when the epithelial Na+ channel blocker (amiloride) was added to the luminal side of the chamber indicating that the tissues were Na+ absorbing. Addition of the cAMP-elevating agonist forskolin induced a Cl- secretory response and exposure of the apical airway surface to vitamin C(600uM) stimulated the transepithelial Cl- secretion to 60% of the forskolin-stimulated Isc. The contribution of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter to the Cl- secretory response was verified by addition of bumetamide. Glybenclamide was used to probe for the CFTR-Cl- conductance. These results were observed in all specimens. Conclusion Freshly excised human nasal epithelium is easily accessible and its bioelectric measurements can be applied as a functional measurement of ion transport in epithelial diseases. Vitamin C may serve as a biological regulator of CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in human nasal epithelia. Significance Vitamin C in human nasal epithelia may represent a potential target for the complementary treatment of thickened mucus secretions by enhancing epithelial fluid secretion in diseases, such as CRS or cystic fibrosis.
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Haond, C., G. Flik, and G. Charmantier. "Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopical studies on osmoregulatory epithelia in the branchial cavity of the lobster homarus gammarus." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 1817–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.11.1817.
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The adult lobster Homarus gammarus is a weak hyper-regulator at low salinity. The objective of this study was to locate the ion-transporting tissues in the branchial chamber of this species, using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with a fluorescent vital stain for mitochondria, DASPMI, which is widely used to locate mitochondria-rich cells in ion-transporting epithelia of fish. A thick mitochondria-rich epithelium is present on the inner side of the branchiostegite and over the entire surface of the epipodites. Ultrastructural observations confirm that this tissue has features typical of an ion-transporting epithelium. When the lobster is transferred to low salinity, these epithelia undergo marked ultrastructural changes, such as an increase in thickness related to the development of basolateral infoldings, the appearance of numerous vesicles and an increase in height of the apical microvilli. In the gills, the branchial filaments are lined by a thin and poorly differentiated epithelium, containing numerous mitochondria; no significant ultrastructural changes were observed in the gills of animals acclimated to low salinity. In summary, in H. gammarus, no evidence of osmoregulatory structures was found in the gills. Differentiated ion-transporting epithelia are present in the branchial cavity, on the inner side of the branchiostegite and on the epipodites; these organs are probably involved in osmoregulation.
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Bogataj, Urban, Monika Praznik, Polona Mrak, Jasna Štrus, Magda Tušek-Žnidarič, and Nada Žnidaršič. "Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395.
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Isopod hindgut consists of two anatomical and functional parts, the anterior chamber, and the papillate region. This study provides a detailed ultrastructural comparison of epithelial cells in the anterior chamber and the papillate region with focus on cuticle ultrastructure, apical and basal plasma membrane labyrinths, and cell junctions. Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hindgut epithelial cells was demonstrated by cytochemical localisation. The main difference in cuticle ultrastructure is in the thickness of epicuticle which is almost as thick as the procuticle in the papillate region and only about one sixth of the thickness of procuticle in the anterior chamber. The apical plasma membrane in both hindgut regions forms an apical plasma membrane labyrinth of cytoplasmic strands and extracellular spaces. In the papillate region the membranous infoldings are deeper and the extracellular spaces are wider. The basal plasma membrane is extensively infolded and associated with numerous mitochondria in the papillate region, while it forms relatively scarce basal infoldings in the anterior chamber. The junctional complex in both hindgut regions consists of adherens and septate junctions. Septate junctions are more extensive in the papillate region. Na+/K+-ATPase was located mostly in the apical plasma membranes in both hindgut regions. The ultrastructural features of hindgut cuticle are discussed in comparison to exoskeletal cuticle and to cuticles of other arthropod transporting epithelia from the perspective of their mechanical properties and permeability. The morphology of apical and basal plasma membranes and localisation of Na+/K+-ATPase are compared with other arthropod-transporting epithelia according to different functions of the anterior chamber and the papillate region.
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ten Kate, J., S. Eidelman, F. T. Bosman, and I. Damjanov. "Expression of c-myc proto-oncogene in normal human intestinal epithelium." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 4 (April 1989): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.4.2647841.
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We studied the expression of the human c-myc proto-oncogene in normal human colon epithelium by both in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. c-myc was found to be expressed uniformly throughout the entire thickness of the colon epithelium. The present findings do not support the contention that the c-myc proto-oncogene is primarily expressed in proliferating intestinal epithelial cell compartments.
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Huang, Zhenxiao, Nathalia Velasquez, Alan Nguyen, Ting Ye, Wei Le, Dawn T. Bravo, Peter H. Hwang, Bing Zhou, and Jayakar V. Nayak. "Topical Corticosteroid Pretreatment Mitigates Cellular Damage After Caustic Injury to the Nasal Upper Airway Epithelium." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 33, no. 3 (January 14, 2019): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1945892418823305.
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Background Topical corticosteroids are currently employed to reduce established airway inflammation; their prophylactic use might help limit cellular damage against harmful stimuli. Objectives To determine the effects of a prophylactic topical application of budesonide (BD) on an in vivo nasal epithelium injury model induced by trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Methods C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to intranasal TCA topical application. Three groups received topical intranasal BD, saline solution, or no intervention prior to a single topical exposure to TCA. Controls were not exposed to TCA. Whole nasal cavity coronal sections were analyzed at 1, 3, and 6 days postinjury at tissue and cellular levels using histopathological analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and fresh tissue RNA microarray analysis. Results Prophylactic topical corticosteroid exposure protected the nasal epithelium from acute damage, maintaining epithelial thickness and cell survival. Six days following TCA exposure, epithelial and cellular changes were less pronounced on the BD-treated group compared to all exposure groups. The microarray analysis was used to evaluate the gene transcripts in all treatment groups. Ciliary tip protein, Sentan, and submucosal protein S100b were identified as potential factors in epithelial airway protection; immunofluorescent staining corroborated their presence and location within the respiratory epithelium. Conclusion Topical corticosteroid treatment to the nasal epithelium can mitigate several of the early deleterious effects of acute epithelial damage in experimental airway injuries caused by TCA. These findings suggest a novel, direct cytoprotective effect of corticosteroids on the nasal epithelium, and the potential of expanding the use of prophylactic periprocedural topical corticosteroids for respiratory epithelial tissues.
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Li, Shengwei, Haozhe Yu, Pu Wang, and Yun Feng. "Evaluation of the Effects of Pterygium and Aging on Limbal Structure Using Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 5879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195879.
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Previous studies suggest that regions of corneal limbus may possess structural differences. We aimed to investigate the limbal changes associated with pterygium and aging via optical coherence tomography (OCT). Palisades of Vogt epithelial thickness (POV-ET) and Bowman’s membrane epithelial thickness (BM-ET) were measured at the nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants of patients with pterygium and healthy subjects of different ages. Values were expressed as a ratio that functioned as an index used to evaluate the change of limbus. Ratio values determined for quadrants of the corneal limbus were correlated highly in young healthy subjects. Further, parameter values were significantly greater than those of elder healthy subjects. In young subjects, the temporal and superior quadrants of patients with pterygium were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects. Temporal and superior quadrants of elder pterygium patients affected by both pterygium and age were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects; however, the inferior quadrant of elderly pterygium patients was significantly higher than that of age-matched healthy subjects. Our findings revealed that the thickness of limbal epithelium was negatively correlated with age, while pterygium led to the thinning of the temporal and superior limbal epithelium and inferior limbal epithelial thickening.
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Harkema, J. R., C. G. Plopper, D. M. Hyde, and J. A. St George. "Regional differences in quantities of histochemically detectable mucosubstances in nasal, paranasal, and nasopharyngeal epithelium of the bonnet monkey." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 35, no. 3 (March 1987): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/35.3.2434556.
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Inhaled irritants induce secretory cell hyperplasia in nasal epithelium of animals. To characterize this response histochemically it is first important to know the histochemical character and distribution of epithelial mucosubstance in the normal nasal cavity. An automated image analyzing method was used to detect and quantitate acidic, neutral, and sulfated mucosubstances in the epithelium lining the nasal and paranasal airways of eight bonnet monkeys. Tissue sections 2 micron thick from defined regions of these airways were stained with either alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff to demonstrate acid and neutral mucosubstances or high iron diamine to demonstrate sulfated mucins. Respiratory epithelium covering maxilloturbinates had the largest volume of stainable mucosubstance per unit surface area of basal lamina, whereas the maxillary sinus epithelium had the least. There was a general anteroposterior increase in the quantity of total epithelial mucosubstance along the septal and lateral walls of the nasal cavity, and there was more acidic than neutral mucosubstance in the posterior nasal airway than in the anterior. Epithelial mucosubstance in the maxillary sinus was predominantly neutral. Therefore, we conclude that there are substantial regional quantitative differences in stainable mucosubstances in the primate nasal epithelium which must be considered when examining nasal mucosa for irritant-induced changes in epithelial mucins.
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Zayed, Ahmed El-Zuhry, Khaled Hamdy Aly, Ismael Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim, and Fatma Mohammed Abd El-maksoud. "Morphological studies on the seasonal changes in the epididymal duct of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius)." Veterinary Science Development 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/vsd.2012.3997.
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The present work was carried out on 20 testes and epididymis of sexually mature camels to elucidate the gross anatomical, morphometerical, light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical features of the epididymis in different seasons. Anatomically, the epididymal duct of a camel consists of three parts head, body and tail. Histomorphologically, the epididymal duct is subdivided into initial, middle and terminal segments, of which the middle segment is further subdivided into proximal, intermediate and distal parts. There is a gradual decrease in the epithelial height of the epididymal duct from the initial to the terminal segments. This mechanically facilities passage of the sperms toward the terminal segment. High epithelium in the initial segment may indicate a more absorptive power of the epithelium in this segment. The seasonal reproductivety of the epididymal duct in the camel expressed by variations in the weight and volume of the epididymis, total diameter of the epididymal duct, epithelial height, length of the stereocilia, thickness of the muscular coat and cellular distributions in different segments. The spring months offer ideal circumstances for maximal reproductive activity in this species. The cellular components of the epididymal duct epithelium of the camel displays important morphological changes from season to another showing signs of increasing activity during spring in comparison to decreasing activity in other seasons. PAS positive granules are demonstrated in different segments of the epididymal duct and intraepithelial glands in different seasons. These granules are relatively more numerous in spring. The lamina propria surrounding the epididymal duct contains a layer of the elastic fibers which is very thick in winter, thick in spring and thin in other seasons. This increase in thickness of the elastic fibers predisposes for the increase in the total diameter of the epididymal duct in spring. It was conclude that the muscular coat of the middle and terminal segments is the thickest in spring that may be helpful for powerful ejaculation.
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Brant, Juliana M. Caldeira, Anilton C. Vasconcelos, and Luciana V. Rodrigues. "Role of apoptosis in erosive and reticular oral lichen planus exhibiting variable epithelial thickness." Brazilian Dental Journal 19, no. 3 (2008): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402008000300001.
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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with different clinical types. Reticular and erosive forms are the most common. Although the cause of OLP remains speculative, many findings suggest auto-immune involvement, mediated by T lymphocytes against the basal keratinocytes. Inflammation, mechanical trauma or toxic agents can affect the epithelial homeostasia. Increased apoptosis may cause a decrease in epithelial thickness reflecting in the activity of the lesion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of apoptosis and epithelial thickness in reticular and erosive forms of OLP. 15 samples of OLP each type (reticular and erosive) plus 10 of healthy mucosa were collected and processed. After morphometry, the apoptotic index and epitelial thickness were obtained. TUNEL and M30 CytoDEATH immunohistochemical assay were used to validate the morphologic criteria used. Apoptosis in the erosive OLP was significantly more intense than in the reticular type and both forms of OLP presented more apoptosis than the healthy oral mucosa. Healthy oral mucosa was thicker than both OLP forms and thicker in OLP reticular form than in the erosive one. The clinical differences between reticular and erosive forms of OLP are related to variations in epithelial thickness and in intensity of apoptosis.
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Abdullahi Kumangry, Zadva, Gana KB Mshelia, Faith Enoch, and Martha Orendu Oche Attah. "Morphometrical and Histological Analyses of the Epithelial Lining of Male Reproductive System in Wistar Rats Following Administration of Neem Leaves Extract." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.16.4.879.4.
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Background: Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica L.) have been used for many therapeutic purposes and medicinal applications. The extract of this plant has been used in both male and female genders as a traditional agent to prevent early pregnancy. In this study, the effect of this extract was investigated histologically and morphometrically on the germinal epithelia of the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory epithelia of rats’ prostate glands. Methods: Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of five each and administered the extract at a concentration of zero, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of the body weight for 50 consecutive days. These rats were sacrificed and the male reproductive organs were removed, weighed and processed for routine histological examinations. The micrographs were analyzed and the structural changes in the epithelial lining and morphometric analyses were recorded, which included measuring the epithelial thickness in the seminiferous tubules, epididymis and secretory prostatic epithelia. Results: The extract was found to reduce the rats’ weight; decreased both the weight and dimension of the testes; reduced the number of germinal epithelial lining cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes, the epididymal and prostatic secretory epithelial cells. Conclusion: The histological alterations were most significant in response to the treatment with the extract at 200 mg/kg of the rats with the greatest damages observed in the epithelial lining. The deleterious effects of the extract were found to be dose-dependent and this corroborates the use of this extract as a contraceptive in animal models, and potentially in humans.
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Atmaja, Ria Ramadhani Dwi. "THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTERING RHIZOME EXTRACT OF CURCUMA (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.) AT VARIOUS DOSES ON THE THICKNESS OF VAGINAL EPITHELIUM IN MICE (Mus Musculus) EXPOSED TO MSG." Journal of Islamic Pharmacy 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jip.v2i1.4249.
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<p><em>The us</em><em>age</em><em> of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) as flavour enhancer in food is increasing and has reached alarming condition. Excessive consumption of MSG results in the formation of a number of free radicals in the body and affects the function of hypothalamus. A disturbed hypothalamus results in the decline of estrogen levels, and in turn, this estrogen deficiency causes a decrease in vaginal epithelial proliferation in which epithelial cells become thinner. Giving antioxidants might help to address these problems. One of the plants that is rich in antioxidant and grow in mass in Indonesia is curcuma. This study is aimed at analyzing the effect of giving curcuma extract (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with varying doses on the thickness of vaginal epithelium in mice that are exposed to MSG. The research design employed in the study is true experimental posttest only control group by using 5 groups, namely: K1 (CMC-Na), K2 (MSG), P1 (MSG + curcuma rhizome extract dose of 0,4mg/gr BW), P2 (MSG + curcuma rhizome extract dose of 0,8mg/gr BW), P3 (MSG + curcuma rhizome extract dose of 1,2mg/gr BW). Vagina of each mouse was taken and studied to measure its epithelial thickness by using a 40x magnification on Olympus micrograph microscope. Data were then analyzed using One Way ANOVA. The results show that there is no significant difference in the thickness of vaginal epithelium in each treatment (ρ-value 0.341). Therefore, it can be concluded that the extract of curcuma rhizome does not have a significant influence on the thickness of vaginal epithelium in mice that are exposed to MSG.</em><em></em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords :</strong><em> MSG, Curcuma Xanthorrhiza, epithelium, vagina.</em><em></em></p>
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Mahanani, Erlina Sih, Ikhsan Nur Arifin, Arya Nur Ihsan, Yusrina Lukitasari, and Ferry Sandra. "Parkia speciosa Seeds Ethanol Extract as Co-chemotherapeutic Agent for Doxorubicin Toward Tongue Cancer." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 14, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v14i2.1800.
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BACKGROUND: Parkia speciosa seeds have been reported to have an anticancer property due to the presence of various antioxidant compounds. Since the potential uses of P. speciosa for the tongue cancer has not been clearly disclosed, we conducted a study to investigate anticancer properties of P. speciosa seed ethanol extract (PSSEE) as well as its effect on cardiac cells.METHODS: Tongue cancer rat model were treated with/without Doxorubicin and various concentrations of PSSEE. After treatment, tongue and heart samples were collected and processed further for histological examinations. Tongue epithelium thickness and damaged heart tissues was observed by HE staining, while tongue cancer cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Analyses were performed under an upright light microscope to measure tongue epithelium thickness, state of cancer cell proliferation, and degree of heart tissue damage.RESULTS: Addition of 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) PSSEE to 4.6 mg/kg BW Doxorubicin reduced the average tongue epithelial thickness and Ki-67+ cells number. Upon addition of PSSEE to Doxorubicin, the damage of heart tissue was reduced in a concentration dependent manner. Among all groups, the group of tongue cancer treated with 4.6 mg/kg BW Doxorubicin and 400 mg/kg BW PSSEE had the lowest percentage as well as the lowest degree of heart tissue damage.CONCLUSION: Since addition of PSSEE to Doxorubicin reduced epithelial thickness, number of Ki-67+ cells and heart tissue damage, PSSEE could be a potential co-chemotherapeutic agent for Doxorubicin toward tongue cancer.KEYWORDS: Parkia speciosa, Doxorubicin, tongue cancer, epithelial thickness, Ki-67, cardiotoxicity, co-chemotherapy
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Beklen, Arzu, Annamari Torittu, Riikka Ihalin, and Marja Pöllänen. "Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Biofilm Reduces Gingival Epithelial Cell Keratin Expression in an Organotypic Gingival Tissue Culture Model." Pathogens 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040278.
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Epithelial cells express keratins, which are essential for the structural integrity and mechanical strength of the cells. In the junctional epithelium (JE) of the tooth, keratins such as K16, K18, and K19, are expressed, which is typical for non-differentiated and rapidly dividing cells. The expression of K17, K4, and K13 keratins can be induced by injury, bacterial irritation, smoking, and inflammation. In addition, these keratins can be found in the sulcular epithelium and in the JE. Our aim was to estimate the changes in K4, K13, K17, and K19 expression in gingival epithelial cells exposed to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. An organotypic gingival mucosa and biofilm co-culture was used as a model system. The effect of the biofilm after 24 h was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The structure of the epithelium was also studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of K17 and K19, as well as total keratin expression, decreased in the suprabasal layers of epithelium, which were in close contact with the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. The effect on keratin expression was biofilm specific. The expression of K4 and K13 was low in all of the tested conditions. When stimulated with the A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm, the epithelial contact site displayed a thick necrotic layer on the top of the epithelium. The A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm released vesicles, which were found in close contact with the epithelium. After A. actinomycetemcomitans irritation, gingival epithelial cells may lose their resistance and become more vulnerable to bacterial infection.
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Muir, Colin K. "Qualitative Differences in Opacification and Thickness of Bovine Cornea In Vitro Induced by Acid, Alkali, Surfactant or Methanol." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 14, no. 4 (June 1987): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119298701400403.
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Bovine corneas incubated at pH 2 for 4.5 hours became opaque but did not thicken. Corneas incubated at pH 12 became opaque and thickened. Removal of epithelium indicated that pH 2 had caused opacity predominantly in the epithelium itself, while pH 12 had predominantly opacified the stroma. With 5 x 10-3 M of the cationic surfactant, lauryl trimethylammonium bromide, in contact only with the outside (epithelium-side) of the cornea for up to 4 hours, the epithelium opacified but the stroma did not. There was no thickening for the first 2 hours of incubation, but significant thickening thereafter. Methanol 50% v/v in contact only with the outside of the cornea caused the epithelium to opacify within 2 minutes, but this effect diminished and a profound opacification of stroma developed over 4 hours. Gross thickening to over three times normal had developed after 4 hours of incubation. The results suggest that opacity can occur without thickening, but that thickening cannot occur without opacity. Opacity may therefore be a more reliable parameter than thickness for indicating toxic responses of the cornea.
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Armstrong, M. T., and P. B. Armstrong. "Mechanisms of epibolic tissue spreading analyzed in a model morphogenetic system. Roles for cell migration and tissue contractility." Journal of Cell Science 102, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.102.2.373.
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The processes responsible for epithelial spreading during wound healing and embryonic morphogenesis were investigated in an organ culture model in which an epithelial tissue (chick embryo pigmented retinal epithelium) spread over the surface of an aggregate of mesenchyme cells (chick embryo cardiac mesenchyme). The heart mesenchyme aggregate is differentiated into a core of stellate cells associated with a fibronectin-poor matrix surrounded by a cortical zone, 2–5 cells in thickness, of flattened cells embedded in a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix. Envelopment of the mesenchyme aggregate is accompanied by a movement of the cells and the fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix of the cortex over the core tissue in advance of the spreading pigmented retina tissue. Three distinct processes were identified as contributing to epithelial spreading in this system: (1) active migration of the pigmented retinal epithelium; (2) active contraction of the cortical cells of the mesenchyme aggregate to tow the attached epithelial tissue over the mesenchyme aggregate; and (3) ingression of surface-located cells of the mesenchyme aggregate to decrease the exposed surface area by decreasing the number of cells at the surface.