Relevant bibliographies by topics / Epithelial cells – Electric properties

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Academic literature on the topic 'Epithelial cells – Electric properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

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Shckorbatov, Yury G., Valery G. Shakhbazov, and Andrey O. Rudenko. "Modification of electrokinetic properties of nuclei in human buccal epithelial cells by electric fields." Bioelectromagnetics 22, no. 2 (2001): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-186x(200102)22:2<106::aid-bem1013>3.0.co;2-2.

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Nevala, H., T. Ylikomi, and H. Tähti. "Evaluation of the selected barrier properties of retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19 for an in-vitro blood-brain barrier model." Human & Experimental Toxicology 27, no. 10 (October 2008): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107082230.

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In-vitro models that maintain complex transport mechanisms and structural properties associated with the blood-brain barrier in vivo would be useful in drug permeability and neurotoxicological studies. To evaluate the suitability of a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line for a blood-brain barrier model, we have compared the barrier properties of the human retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19, the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2, and primary porcine microvessel endothelial cells. The tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 were stained immunocytochemically. The paracellular ionic permeability was evaluated by measuring the trans-epithelial or trans-endothelial electric resistance. To evaluate the active transport mechanisms, the existence and the activity of the efflux transporters, P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated proteins, were studied. All the cell types in this study stained positively for occludin and ZO-1. However, the trans-endothelial electric resistance of ARPE-19 cells was low compared with that of primary porcine microvessel endothelial cell and Caco-2 cells. In addition, both the P-glycoprotein expression and its activity in ARPE-19 cells were low. In conclusion, the barrier properties of the human ARPE-19 cell line were not satisfactory for a blood-brain barrier model. For future studies, it is important to develop a human brain endothelial cell line with expression of the complex in-vivo properties of the blood-brain barrier.
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Cramer, E. B., L. C. Milks, M. J. Brontoli, G. K. Ojakian, S. D. Wright, and H. J. Showell. "Effect of human serum and some of its components on neutrophil adherence and migration across an epithelium." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1868–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.5.1868.

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The effect of human serum and some of its components on the process of transepithelial migration of human neutrophils was investigated in an in vitro system. 10% autologous serum caused an increase in neutrophil adherence to and migration across canine kidney epithelial cells. This increase in neutrophil binding also occurred if the epithelium but not the neutrophils had been preincubated with serum. The binding was lost if the serum was either preabsorbed over the kidney epithelium before use or heat inactivated. Indirect immunofluorescence studies indicated that IgG, IgM, and a component of C3 bound to the epithelial surface, whereas IgA, IgE, or C5a were not detectable. The majority of epithelial cells were immunofluorescent, however epithelial cells with varying degrees of reactivity were also apparent and approximately 5% of the epithelial cells did not bind IgG, IgM, and C3. When epithelia were simultaneously tested for the presence of either IgG, IgM, or C3, and bound neutrophils the few epithelial cells which did not bind IgG or IgM also did not bind C3 or neutrophils. Studies with monoclonal antibodies against Fc and C3 receptors indicate that neutrophil adherence to the epithelial surface was mediated predominately by the receptors for C3b and C3bi. In response to a chemotactic gradient, bound neutrophils were able to detach and migrate across the epithelium. A separate heat-stable factor(s) in serum was able to increase neutrophil migration across the epithelial monolayer. This factor acted independently of the factors which caused the increase in neutrophil binding as the increase in neutrophil migration also occurred under conditions (preabsorption over the kidney epithelium or heat inactivation) that prevented the increase in neutrophil binding. The increase in neutrophil migration may be caused by the permeability-increasing properties of this factor as both serum and heat-inactivated serum lowered the transepithelial electrical resistance an average of 38 and 35%, respectively, in 40 min. Upon removal of serum or heat-inactivated serum, the resistance returned 100 and 81%, respectively, in 5 h.
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Oshima, Tadayuki, Karin Gedda, Junichi Koseki, Xin Chen, Johanna Husmark, Jiro Watari, Hiroto Miwa, and Stefan Pierrou. "Establishment of esophageal-like non-keratinized stratified epithelium using normal human bronchial epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): C1422—C1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00376.2010.

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Current experimental models of esophageal epithelium in vitro suffer from either poor differentiation or complicated culture systems. We have established a model to study stratified squamous epithelium in vitro, which is very similar to esophageal epithelium in vivo. A stratified squamous multilayer epithelium was formed by seeding primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells onto collagen- and fibronectin-coated trans-well inserts and then cultivating the cells under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions in the presence of growth factors and low levels of all-trans-retinoic acid. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements revealed the presence of a tight barrier, previously only achievable with esophageal biopsies mounted in Ussing chambers. Molecular markers for desmosomes, cornified envelope, tight junctions, and mature esophageal epithelium were upregulated in the differentiating culture in parallel with functional properties, such as decreased permeability and acid resistance and restoration. Acid exposure resulted in a decrease in TEER, but following 1-h recovery the TEER values were fully restored. Treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid decreased TEER and inhibited the recovery after acid challenge. PPAR-delta agonist treatment increased TEER, and this temporary increase in TEER was consistent with an increase in involucrin mRNA. Global gene expression analysis showed that ALI-differentiated NHBE cells had expression profiles more similar to epithelial biopsies from the esophageal tissue of healthy volunteers than to any other cell line. With respect to morphology, molecular markers, barrier properties, and acid resistance, this model presents a new way to investigate barrier properties and the possible effects of different agents on human esophagus-like epithelium.
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Becker, Ulrich, Carsten Ehrhardt, Marc Schneider, Leon Muys, Dorothea Gross, Klaus Eschmann, Ulrich F. Schaefer, and Claus-Michael Lehr. "A Comparative Evaluation of Corneal Epithelial Cell Cultures for Assessing Ocular Permeability." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 36, no. 1 (February 2008): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290803600106.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential value of different epithelial cell culture systems as in vitro models for studying corneal permeability. Transformed human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and Statens Serum Institut rabbit corneal (SIRC) cells were cultured on permeable filters. SkinEthic human corneal epithelium (S-HCE) and Clonetics human corneal epithelium (C-HCE) were received as ready-to-use systems. Excised rabbit corneas (ERCs) and human corneas (EHCs) were mounted in Ussing chambers, and used as references. Barrier properties were assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, and by determining the apparent permeability of markers with different physico–chemical properties, namely, fluorescein, sodium salt; propranolol hydrochloride; moxaverine hydrochloride; timolol hydrogenmaleate; and rhodamine 123. SIRC cells and the S-HCE failed to develop epithelial barrier properties, and hence were unable to distinguish between the permeation markers. Barrier function and the power to differentiate compound permeabilities were evident with HCE-T cells, and were even more pronounced in the case of C-HCE, corresponding very well with data from ERCs and EHCs. A net secretion of rhodamine 123 was not observed with any of the models, suggesting that P-glycoprotein or similar efflux systems have no significant effects on corneal permeability. Currently available corneal epithelial cell culture systems show differences in epithelial barrier function. Systems lacking functional cell–cell contacts are of limited value for assessing corneal permeability, and should be critically evaluated for other purposes.
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Leung, Clarus, Samuel J. Wadsworth, S. Jasemine Yang, and Delbert R. Dorscheid. "Structural and functional variations in human bronchial epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface using different growth media." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 318, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): L1063—L1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00190.2019.

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The human bronchial epithelium is an important barrier tissue that is damaged or pathologically altered in various acute and chronic respiratory conditions. To represent the epithelial component of respiratory disease, it is essential to use a physiologically relevant model of this tissue. The human bronchial epithelium is a highly organized tissue consisting of a number of specialized cell types. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) can be differentiated into a mucociliated tissue in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures using appropriately supplemented media under optimized growth conditions. We compared the histology, ciliary length, and function, diffusion, and barrier properties of HBEC from donors with no respiratory disease grown in two different media, PneumaCult-ALI or Bronchial Epithelial Differentiation Medium (BEDM). In the former group, HBEC have a more physiological pseudostratified morphology and mucociliary differentiation, including increased epithelial thickness, intracellular expression of airway-specific mucin protein MUC5AC, and total expression of cilia basal-body protein compared with cells from the same donor grown in the other medium. Baseline expression levels of inflammatory mediators, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), soluble ST2, and eotaxin-3 were lower in PneumaCult-ALI. Additionally, the physiological cilia beat frequency and electrical barrier properties with transepithelial electrical resistance were significantly different between the two groups. Our study has shown that these primary cell cultures from the same donor grown in the two media possess variable structural and functional characteristics. Therefore, it is important to objectively validate primary epithelial cell cultures before experimentation to ensure they are appropriate to answer a specific scientific question.
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Lavelle, J. P., H. O. Negrete, P. A. Poland, C. L. Kinlough, S. D. Meyers, R. P. Hughey, and M. L. Zeidel. "Low permeabilities of MDCK cell monolayers: a model barrier epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 273, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): F67—F75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.273.1.f67.

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Barrier epithelia such as the renal collecting duct (in the absence of antidiuretic hormone) and thick ascending limb, as well as the stomach and mammalian bladder, exhibit extremely low permeabilities to water and small nonelectrolytes. A cell culture model of such epithelia is needed to determine how the structure of barrier apical membranes reduce permeability and how such membranes may be generated and maintained. In the present studies, the transepithelial electrical resistance and isotopic water and urea fluxes were measured for Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) type I and type II cells, as well as type I cells expressing the mucin protein, MUC1, in their apical membranes. Although earlier studies had found the unstirred layer effects too great to permit measurement of transepithelial permeabilities, use of ultrathin semipermeable supports in this study overcame this difficulty. Apical membrane diffusive water permeabilities were 1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-4) cm/s and 3.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(-4) cm/s in MDCK type I and type II cells, respectively, at 20 degrees C. Urea permeability in type I cells at the same temperature was 6.0 +/- 0.9 x 10(-6) cm/s. These values resemble those of other barrier epithelial apical membranes, either isolated or in intact epithelia, and the water permeability values are far below those of other epithelial cells in culture. Transfection of MDCK type I cells with the major human urinary epithelial mucin, MUC1, led to abundant expression of the fully glycosylated form of the protein on immunoblots, and flow cytometry revealed that virtually all the cells expressed the protein. However, MUC1 had no effect on water or urea permeabilities. In conclusion, MDCK cells grown on semipermeable supports form a model barrier epithelium. Abundant expression of mucins does not alter the permeability properties of these cells.
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Lazarus, S. C., L. J. McCabe, J. A. Nadel, W. M. Gold, and G. D. Leikauf. "Effects of mast cell-derived mediators on epithelial cells in canine trachea." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): C387—C394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.3.c387.

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We examined the interaction between mast cell-derived mediators and the electrical and ion transport properties of canine tracheal epithelium. We compared the effect of mediators released by immunologic challenge of sensitized lung parenchyma with that of mediators released from canine mastocytoma cells challenged with calcium ionophore A23187. Short-circuit current (Isc) increased by 19.2 +/- 3.0 microA/cm2 in response to mediators released from sensitized lung fragments challenged with ragweed antigen. This effect was not due to histamine. When the epithelial tissues were pretreated with indomethacin, the same mediator supernatant increased Isc by only 3.8 +/- 4.3 microA/cm2. The mediators released from 10(7) mastocytoma cells challenged with calcium ionophore increased Isc by 25.1 +/- 13.6 microA/cm2. In the presence of indomethacin, the Isc increased by 2.0 +/- 0.4 microA/cm2. Mastocytoma-derived mediators produced an increase in net chloride secretion without a significant effect on net sodium absorption. This study provides direct evidence that mast cell-derived mediators can stimulate epithelial ion transport in canine trachea and suggests that the effect is indirect and dependent on intact cyclooxygenase pathways in the tracheal epithelium.
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Jiang, T., and A. Holley. "Some properties of receptive fields of olfactory mitral/tufted cells in the frog." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.3.726.

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1. Different regions of the frog's olfactory epithelium were stimulated with nine glass micropipettes either individually or simultaneously in different combinations. The stimulus was a positive electrical pulse (4 s) consisting of a progressive increase, a plateau, and a progressive decrease in current intensity. Extra- and intracellular recordings were made from olfactory bulb mitral/tufted cells. Some of these cells were identified by intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow. 2. The action potential response patterns of mitral/tufted cells during the different phases of the stimulation were coded according to whether the activity was increased or decreased compared with its spontaneous level just before stimulation. Neural responses were classified into 11 types: individual neurons responded with different response types to stimuli delivered at different epithelial sites. On the basis of these response types, it was found that neurons could be classified into two groups. All response types in one group included an initial phase of increased discharge (excitation), whereas all types in the other group included an initial phase of decreased activity (suppression). Neurons that displayed response types belonging to one group never displayed those of the other group. It was thus concluded that a given neuron responded either always with an increased activity or always with a decreased activity, whatever the location of the stimulus. 3. The receptive field of a mitral/tufted cell appeared to be homogenous and not divided into areas of different properties, at least under the present experimental conditions. The extent of a receptive field was estimated by determining the number of effective epithelial sites (where an electrical stimulus evoked a response from a bulbar neuron).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Gróf, Ilona, Alexandra Bocsik, András Harazin, Ana Raquel Santa-Maria, Gaszton Vizsnyiczai, Lilla Barna, Lóránd Kiss, et al. "The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, a Beneficial Adjuvant Molecule in Cystic Fibrosis, on Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing a Wild-Type or Mutant CFTR Channel." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114024.

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Clinical and experimental results with inhaled sodium bicarbonate as an adjuvant therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) are promising due to its mucolytic and bacteriostatic properties, but its direct effect has not been studied on respiratory epithelial cells. Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate. Vascular endothelial cells induced better barrier properties in CFBE cells as reflected by the higher resistance and lower permeability values. Activation of CFTR by cAMP decreased the electrical resistance in WT but not in mutant CFBE cell layers confirming the presence and absence of functional channels, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) was well-tolerated by CFBE cells: it slightly reduced the impedance of WT but not that of the mutant CFBE cells. Sodium bicarbonate significantly decreased the more-alkaline intracellular pH of the mutant CFBE cells, while the barrier properties of the models were only minimally changed. These observations indicate that sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to deltaF508-CFTR expressing CFBE cells. Thus, sodium bicarbonate may have a direct therapeutic effect on the bronchial epithelium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

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Thomson, Susmita. "Local feedback regulation of salt & water transport across pumping epithelia : experimental & mathematical investigations in the isolated abdominal skin of Bufo marinus." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Physiology, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0022.

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[Truncated abstract] This study describes the results of a four and a half year investigation examining local regulation of ion transport through pumping epithelial cells. The study focussed on the standard isolated toad skin preparation, made famous by Hans Ussing. Originally, the objective was to perform some simple manipulations on the isolated toad skin, a standard and well-tested epithelial layer, which, according to the literature, was a well-behaved and stable preparation. The purpose of doing these toad skin experiments was to gain familiarity with the experimental techniques, such as measuring the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the short-circuit current (Isc) across an epithelium. In the process, the experimental information that was obtained was to assist in the development and refinement of a mathematical model of a single pumping epithelial cell . . . Finally, it should be emphasised the toad skin was a convenient tissue model for exploring more general issues such as: (i) how pumping epithelial cells may adjust to changes in the extracellular environment by locally regulating their membrane conductances; (2) how the topology of a cell can influence its function (i.e. the topology can determine whether a cell is optimised for salt transport or water transport). (3) how different cells, with different functions, may be positioned in apposition in a pumping epithelial tissue so that gradients generated by one cell type can be utilised by another. From a broader perspective, it is likely that such issues are also applicable to other pumping epithelia, and ultimately, may assist in understanding how these epithelia function.
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Francou, Alexandre. "Epithelial properties of Second Heart Field cardiac progenitor cells." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4062.

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Une partie du cœur est formée à partir des cellules progénitrices du second champ cardiaque, qui permettent une élongation rapide du tube cardiaque. Des défauts dans le développement de ces cellules entrainent des malformations cardiaques congénitales. Ces cellules sont localisées dans le péricarde dorsal au sein du mésoderme pharyngé. Mon travail de thèse a permis de démontrer pour la première fois que ces cellules sont épithéliales et polarisées, et qu’elles forment des filopodes dynamiques du côté basal. La délétion du facteur de transcription Tbx1 perturbe la polarité des cellules et la formation des filopodes, et augmente le niveau de la protéine apicale aPKCζ. Le traitement avec un activateur de aPKCζ montre le lien entre l’intégrité épithéliale, la polarité et la formation des filopodes, et l’état progéniteur des cellules. J’ai également analysé la polarité planaire dans l’épithélium, et montrais que les cellules sont anisotropiques, étirées et allongées en direction du pole artériel. Cet étirement crée une tension orientée, révélée par une accumulation polarisée d’actomyosine, jouant le rôle de rétrocontrôle négatif. En absence d‘élongation du tube cardiaque cette tension orientée est absente. Nous avons identifié une région postérieure de l’épithélium où se trouvent une tension et une prolifération élevées, ainsi qu’une forte activité YAP/TAZ qui jouerait le rôle de relai entre tension et prolifération. La tension orientée oriente les divisions cellulaires et oriente ainsi la croissance du tissu, promouvant l’addition des cellules au pole artériel. La biomécanique des cellules du second champ cardiaque semble ainsi un moteur important pour l’élongation du cœur
A major part of the heart is formed by progenitor cells called the second heart field, that contribute to rapid elongation of the heart tube. Defects in second heart field development leads to congenital heart malformations. Second heart field cells are localised in pharyngeal mesoderm in the dorsal pericardial wall. This study focuses on the epithelial properties of second heart field cells and first shows that these progenitors in the dorsal pericardial wall are epithelial and polarised, and form dynamic basal filopodia. Deletion of the transcription factor Tbx1 perturbs epithelial polarity and filopodia formation and upregulates the apical determinant aPKCζ. Treatment with an activator of aPKCζ reveals that epithelial integrity, polarity and basal filopodia are coupled to the progenitor status of second heart field cells. Next we evaluated planar polarity of second heart field cells in the dorsal pericardial wall. Cells are anisotropic, being stretched and elongated on an axis directed towards the arterial pole. This stretch results in oriented epithelial tension revealed by polarised actomyosin accumulation through a negative feedback loop. In the absence of cell addition to the cardiac poles oriented tension is absent. We identified a posterior region in the epithelium with high tension, elevated proliferation and a high level of active YAP/TAZ that may act as relay between tension and proliferation. Oriented tension orients the axis of cell division and the growth of the tissue on an axis toward the arterial pole, further promoting addition of the tissue to the pole. Biomechanical feedback may thus be an important driver of heart tube elongation
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Wang, Entong. "Directed migration, re-orientation and inhibited proliferation of lens epithelial cells in applied electric fields." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU485602.

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Physiological electric fields (EFs) exist in the vertebrate lens, but the importance of the endogenous EF is not well understood yet. In the present study, an applied EF to mimic endogenous EFs was applied to cultured lens epithelial cells (LECs) to investigate the effects of EFs on the behaviours of LECs and the underlying mechanisms. It was showed that LEG migration was directed and migration rate was increased in applied EFs, and serum or growth factors were required for these EF-induced cell responses. LECs elongated and re-oriented to lie perpendicular to field vector. Healing of LEG monolayer wounds was also influenced by EF polarity. EF exposure enhanced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) ½ and induced an asymmetric distribution of active ERK ½ in monolayer wounds. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor U0126 inhibited the directed migration and reorientation of LECs in EFs and the healing of LEG monolayer wound, and U0126 also completely prevented activation of ERK ½ in LECs. It is suggested that MAP kinase signaling pathways were involved in the responses of LECs to EF stimulation. EF exposure also inhibited the proliferation of the LECs. Cell cycle analysis showed that EF exposure inhibited the Gl/S transition of the cell cycle progression in LECs, resulting in a Gl-block. The EF-induced down-regulated expression of Gl-specific cell cycle protein cyclin E and the up-regulated expression of cyclin-Cdk (cycle dependent kinase) complex inhibitor p27 kipl were accounted for the cell cycle arrest of LECs in EFs. This study implies that a physiological EF may be one of the guidance cues regulating LEG behaviours in vivo and applying EFs may be one way of controlling aberrant LEG behaviours in vitro and in vivo.
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Charles, Amelia Kate. "The oestrogenic and genotoxic properties of cosmetic chemicals in human breast epithelial cells." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542056.

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Liu, Yu, and 劉鈺. "Biological properties of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242078.

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Dodd, Sara. "Hydrodynamic and hydrogel properties of mucins from cultured guinea-pig tracheal epithelial cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287166.

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Liu, Yu. "Biological properties of EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23001008.

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Bentivegna, Valerie. "The biomechanical properties of epithelial cells and tissue in two and three dimensions." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2019. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0e957e85-9e8d-46f7-b6f0-9ab3307c43bc.

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During development and disease progression, cells and tissue undergo mechanical changes and alter their response to external physical cues. This is also true during the onset of colorectal cancer, the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the Western world. Before the changes that occur during cancer onset can be understood, a better appreciation is needed of the mechanical forces and properties involved. Therefore, there is a drive to develop novel tools to accurately measure biomechanical properties at different spatial scales. 3D cell models are a useful method to understand the mechanical properties at cell and tissue scale, as they provide a more physiologically relevant environment for cells than 2D cell culture. Additional insight may be achieved by complementing experimental approaches with computational models to reveal how the properties of individual cells work as a system to generate the mechanical properties of 3D tissue structures. In this work, Madine-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells and cysts were used as a model for epithelial tissue. These cells can be genetically modified to mimic the onset of colorectal cancer, by the expression of a truncated Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein: N-APC. N-APC is present in most cases of colorectal cancer and provides a useful tool to study the early changes in colorectal cancer. MDCK cells form spherical cysts up to 100 μm in diameter with a hollow lumen when cultured in an extracellular matrix (ECM) gel. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) experiments have revealed that MDCK cells expressing N-APC grown at continued confluency were significantly stiffer than cells expressing only WT-APC. Cells expressing N-APC had an average stiffness of 4.59 ± 1.30 kPa in the nuclear region, while the average stiffness of WT cells was 2.90 ± 0.59 kPa. This is the first time a mechanical effect of N-APC expression has been observed. Adapting AFM for use on 3D tissue models is challenging, as these structures are grown embedded in an ECM gel and cannot be probed directly. This work describes a novel protocol that allowed the AFM cantilever to come in contact with a MDCK cyst surface. These experiments have been used to validate a Finite Ele- ment (FE) model of the mechanical behaviour of an MDCK cyst, that predicted the deformation behaviour of a cyst being compressed by an AFM cantilever. Alternatively, microultrasound (μUS) imaging was evaluated as an approach to provide additional useful information about 3D tissue models, with the benefit that direct contact with the sample is not required. Quantitative analysis of the μUS signal allowed the calculation of the apparent speed of sound through an MDCK cysts, which was on average 1112.96 ± 383.87 m/s. This was significantly lower than the apparent speed of sound through a spheroid (a 3D structure that does not contain a lumen) such as HCT-116 spheroids, which had an average apparent speed of sound of 1494.68 ± 951.82 m/s. This suggests that the speed of sound depends on the geometrical features of a spherical structure. Indeed, FE modelling has confirmed that stronger interference effects occur for a sound wave interacting with a cyst compared to a spheroid due to surface and Lamb waves. In addition, cellular and molecular markers for mechanical stress were identified to determine the effect of static compression applied with a weighted coverslip: compressed cells had nuclei with smoother nuclear envelopes (decrease in amount of folded nuclear envelopes of 32 % ± 41 % for WT-MDCK cells) and an increased vinculin signal (increase of signal intensity of 22 % ± 10 % for WT-MDCK cells) at the junctional membrane. Finally, the use of acoustic radiation force (ARF) was explored as a means of applying compression to cells. While preliminary experiments that exposed the apical surface of samples to continuous acoustic radiation did not reveal an ob- servable effect on the cells, a FE model has been developed to aid further design of ARF experiments. This project explored a range of different tools for studying the mechanical properties of cells and tissue, specifically in the context of 3D models. Experimental approaches have been complemented with FE models to increase understanding of how mechanical properties relate over different length scales, from cells to tissue structures, and how acoustic waves interact with cells and tissue structures. In the future, these approaches could permit further investigation of how the mechanical properties of cells and tissues change during the onset of colorectal cancer.
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Weaver, Jennifer. "Development of an in vitro model for investigating the properties of human prostate epithelial cells and prostatic carcinoma cells /." St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/755.

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Nauseef, Jones Trevor. "An investigation of the molecular and biophysical properties of metastatic cells." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3150.

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Prostate cancer presents a significant paradox: it is very common, yet rarely fatal. To wit, the prostate is the most common non-skin tissue for cancer diagnosis in men in the United States. Despite its high incidence, fatal malignancy occurs in only a small fraction of diagnosed men. The fatal cases are characteristically defined by distant spread in the body, also known as metastasis. In order to metastasize a cancer cell must complete several sequential steps. These include degradation of and invasion through the epithelial basement membrane, typically through the loss of static intracellular adhesions with fellow epithelial cells; entrance into the blood stream (intravasation); survival within circulation; exit from the blood stream upon arrival at a new tissue (extravasation); and survival and colonization at the secondary site. At the time of diagnosis, it is not currently possible to accurately predict future metastasis and thereby clinicians cannot delineate those men at high risk for fatal disease from the vast majority of men who are likely to experience an indolent disease course. Consequently, we examined the behavior of cancer cells in several steps of the metastatic cascade. In doing so, we uncovered both molecular and biophysical characteristics of cancer cells that may facilitate successful metastatic dissemination and tumor outgrowth. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is physiological process of transdifferentiation that is normally initiated during vertebrate development, but has recently been implicated in tumor development, progression, and metastases. The EMT program results in dramatic changes, including the exchange of epithelial for mesenchymal markers, altered cellular morphology, and gain of motility. EMT-like cellular alterations have been implicated most strongly in the metastasis steps of invasion and survival of cells at primary tumors sites. How EMT-like changes may facilitate survival and growth in the microenvironment of a micrometastatic niche has been less clearly elucidated. Consequently, we evaluated how EMT-like changes may affect the survival and subsequent outgrowth of prostate cancer cell lines following restrictive growth conditions. We observed that EMT-like cells as compared to their more epithelial counterparts displayed enhanced maintenance of their proliferative potential following extended culture in nutrient restriction. This phenotype depended on an EMT-associated increase in autophagy. Notably, the post-stress outgrowth phenotype could be conferred through a paracrine signaling mechanism that may involve autophagy-derived exosome-like extracellular vesicles. These studies demonstrated that EMT-like cells have a resistance to nutrient restriction through enhanced autophagy and may have uncovered a novel autophagy-dependent exosomal secretion pathway. Metastatic efficiency is thought to be strongly limited by the destruction of circulating tumor cells by the hemodynamic shear forces within the vasculature. However, such a persistent belief has little appropriate published experimental evidence. We developed an in vitro assay to expose cells to fluid shear stress (FSS). By monitoring the viability of the cells, we determined that transformed cells had a highly conserved ability to resist even very high FSS. The mechanism depended on the capacity to patch membrane defects, extracellular calcium, and a dynamic cytoskeleton. We also observed a stiffening of cancer cell membranes after exposure to FSS. Taken together, these studies expand the understanding of how cancer cells survive in circulation and indicate that metastatic efficiency is less limited by hemodynamic forces than previously thought. The steps of hematogenous metastasis between intravasation and extravasation necessitate the existence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Collection, enumeration, and study of CTCs have the potential to serve as a "liquid biopsy" of the metastatic cascade. In prostate cancer, the enumeration of CTCs by detection of the expression of epithelial markers has displayed limited clinical utility. We hypothesized that the prognostic value of CTC number may be enhanced by detection of cells which have undergone the pro-metastatic EMT-like program. We developed a flow cytometry-based experimental assay for enumeration of CTCs using epithelial (EpCAM) and mesenchymal-like (N-cadherin) surface proteins. We detected from prostatectomy patients before and after surgery events expressing EpCAM, N-cadherin, and both. However, the detection of background events from healthy control subjects was unacceptably high. These studies support the idea of mesenchymal-like tumor cells in circulation, but will require further assay development for reliable conclusions to be drawn. In sum, the work described above has provided descriptive and mechanistic insight to molecular and biophysical properties that may facilitate prostate cancer metastasis. It is our hope that these data will result in the development of relevant preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic clinical strategies for prostate cancer.
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Books on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

1

Interactions Between Electromagnetic Fields and Cells (Conference) (1984 Erice). Interactions between electromagnetic fields and cells. New York: Plenum in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division, 1985.

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Hann, Geoff. Amorphous silicon solar cells. East Perth, W.A: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia, 1997.

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Teng, Hsien Chiao. The basic research of bioelectromagnetic process. New York: Marsland Press, 2005.

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Pidoplichka, V. I. Ėlektrofiziologicheskie issledovanii͡a︡ odinochnykh kletok mysht͡s︡y serdt͡s︡a. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1989.

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Page, Kirt A., Christopher L. Soles, and James P. Runt. Polymers for energy storage and delivery: Polyelectrolytes for batteries and fuel cells. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 2012.

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European Workshop on "Solid State Materials for Low to Medium Temperature Fuel Cells and Monitors, with Special Emphasis on Proton Conductors". (3rd 1984 La Grande-Motte, Hérault, France). Solid state protonic conductors III for fuel cells and sensors: European Workshop on "Solid State Materials for Low to Medium Temperature Fuel Cells and Monitors, With Special Emphasis on Proton Conductors,", La Grande-Motte (Hérault), France 15-18 May 1984. Odense, Denmark: Odense University Press, 1985.

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Merdzhanova, Tsvetelina. Microcrystalline silicon films and solar cells investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 2005.

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Ulrich, Zimmermann. Electromanipulation of cells. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1996.

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Intramembrane charge movements in striated muscle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

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Symposium on Thin Film Solid Ionic Devices and Materials (1995 Chicago, Ill.). Proceedings of the Symposium on Thin Film Solid Ionic Devices and Materials. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

1

González-Mariscal, L., L. Borboa, R. López-Vancell, G. Beaty, and M. Cereijido. "Electrical Properties of MDCK Cells." In Tissue Culture of Epithelial Cells, 25–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4814-6_2.

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van Scott, M. R., J. R. Yankaskas, and R. C. Boucher. "Physiological Properties of Cultured Airway Epithelial Cells: Comparison with Intact Epithelial Tissues." In Epithelia, 221–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3905-2_14.

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Zamiri, Parisa, Sunao Sugita, and J. Wayne Streilein. "Immunosuppressive Properties of the Pigmented Epithelial Cells and the Subretinal Space." In Immune Response and the Eye, 86–93. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000099259.

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Hernández Velázquez, J. D., S. Mejía-Rosales, and Armando Gama Goicochea. "Rheological Properties of Brushes on Cancerous Epithelial Cells Under the Influence of an External Oscillatory Force." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 432–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32243-8_30.

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Glaser, Ronald, Toru Takimoto, Hai-Ying Zhang, Hiroshi Sato, and Hisashi Ogura. "Biological Properties of Epstein-Barr Virus Recovered from Epithelial Cells Transfected with DNA Prepared from a Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Derived EBV." In Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease, 299–303. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4590-2_65.

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Putz, Mihai V., Marina A. Tudoran, and Marius C. Mirica. "Quantum Dots Searching for Bondots." In Sustainable Nanosystems Development, Properties, and Applications, 261–327. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0492-4.ch009.

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The relatively new technique of quantum-dots sensitizing the solar cells for optimum cost-efficiency of photovoltaics is reviewed while launching new concept of bonding-quantum dots – the so called bondots (abbreviated as D), founded on the Dirac quantum theory of coupling spinors, while the associated analytics and basic illustration on paradigmatic chemical bonds are revealed, so paving the way for experimentally searching of at least doubling the photo-electric conversion in sustainable bondotic sensitized solar cells.
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I., Carlos, Adalberto Corella-Madueo, and J. Adrin. "Influence of Electric Fields and Boundary Conditions on the Flow Properties of Nematic-Filled Cells and Capillaries." In Rheology. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/34887.

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"Absorber Materials for Solar Cells." In Materials for Solar Cell Technologies I, 236–58. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901090-8.

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Solar cell production has grown rapidly in the last few decades. Essentially a solar cell (SC), known as a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is nothing more than a p-n junction, composed of a p-type and n-type semiconductor. The electric field is generated at the junction when electrons and holes pass towards the positive and negative terminals respectively. Light consists of photons, and when the light of a sufficient wavelength falls on the cells, the energy from the photon is passed to the valence band electrons, allowing electrons to move to a higher energy state called the conductive band. The entire process is carried out in the absorber layer that lies under the anti-reflective coating of the SC. Since most energy in sunlight and artificial light is within the visible range of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), a SC absorber can absorb radiation effectively at these wavelengths. Because a SC can be made using a variety of materials, its output depends solely on the properties of the material used. This chapter discusses different absorbent materials that are used for solar cells.
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Robinson, Chapman. "Pneumoconioses." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine, edited by Stephen J. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson, 425–34. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0036.

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Pneumoconioses are non-neoplastic pulmonary diseases caused by the reaction of the lung to the inhalation of mainly mineral, but also organic dusts. Inhaled particles of dust size <5 microns reach the terminal airways and alveoli and settle on the epithelial lining. From here, they are slowly cleared by macrophages or alveolar cells. They may pass into the lymphatic system, be cleared via the airway, or remain in the alveolus. The dust particles can lead to an inflammatory reaction within the lung, depending on their physical and chemical properties. The inflammation causes characteristic alterations in pulmonary structure and radiological abnormalities.
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Mardones, Lorena, and Marcelo Villagrán. "Lactose Synthesis." In Lactose and Lactose Derivatives. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91399.

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This chapter is related to lactose synthesis, its chemistry, regulation, and differences between species, especially in cattle. Lactose synthesis takes place in the Golgi apparatus of mammary epithelial cells (MEC) by the lactose synthase (LS) enzyme complex from two precursors, glucose and UDP-galactose. The enzyme complex is formed by galactosyltransferase, and it is associated with α-lactalbumin. Importantly, the lactose secreted determines the volume of milk produced, due to its osmotic properties. Milk contains 5% lactose and 80% water, percentages that remain constant during lactation in the different mammalian species. The low variation in milk lactose content indicates that lactose synthesis remains constant throughout the period of lactation and that is highly conserved in all mammals. Lactose synthesis is initiated during the first third of the pregnancy, increasing after birth and placenta removal. Different glucose transporters have been involved in mammary glucose uptake, mainly facilitative glucose transporters GLUT1, GLUT8, and GLUT12 and sodium-glucose transporter SGLT1, with more or less participation depending on mammal species.
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Conference papers on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

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Salmanzadeh, Alireza, Harsha Kittur, Michael B. Sano, Mark A. Stremler, P. Christopher Roberts, Eva M. Schmelz, and Rafael V. Davalos. "Investigating Dielectrophoretic Signature of Mouse Ovarian Surface Epithelial Cells, Macrophages and Fibroblasts." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80872.

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Epithelial ovarian carcinomas are the fourth leading cause of death in women in the United States among all cancers and the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies1. The main reason for this high rate of mortality is the inability to properly detect these carcinomas early. Investigations for diagnosing ovarian cancer in early stages have been hindered by two major obstacles: lack of adequate cell models to study different cancer stages and lack of a reliable technique to isolate these cancer cells from peritoneal fluid. In trying to solve the first challenge, Dr. Schmelz and collaborators presented a transformed mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cell model by isolating different transitional stages of ovarian cancer as cells progressed from a premalignant nontumorigenic phenotype to a highly aggressive malignant phenotype2, 3. In this model four stages of transformed cells, namely early (MOSE-E), early-intermediate (MOSE-E/I), intermediate (MOSE-I) and late (MOSE-L) cells, were distinguishable3. In the current study, we attempt to solve the second challenge of isolating cancer cells from macrophages and fibroblasts, which are found in the peritoneal fluid. Based on differences in cells’ intrinsic electrical properties, a new cell manipulation technique, contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP), was implemented.
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Di´az, Rube´n, and Boris Rubinsky. "A Single Cell Study on the Temperature Effects of Electroporation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61151.

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In electroporation, the charging of the cell membrane due to an applied electric field is followed by a localized structural rearrangement of the membrane, which consequently creates pores or aqueous pathways that perforate the membrane. A tremendous increase in ionic and molecular transport through the membrane occurs because of the presence of these aqueous pores. As part of a comprehensive study on the effects of temperature on electroporation of cells, we have designed a micro device capable of integrating single cells into an electronic circuit while controlling the temperature. In the present work, we have studied the effect of temperature on the electroporation of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK) with a micro-electroporation device. It was found that the critical voltage for electropermeabilization was strongly dependent on temperature, increasing by a factor of 2 with decreasing temperature from 37 to 5 °C. Data shows there is a correlation among the viscoelastic properties of the cell membrane and the temperature.
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Vitol, Elina A., Timothy P. Kurzweg, and Bahram Nabet. "Light scattering properties of kidney epithelial cells and nuclei." In Biomedical Optics 2006, edited by Robert R. Alfano and Alvin Katz. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.644863.

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McQualter, Jonathan L., Karen Yuen, Brenda Williams, and Ivan Bertoncello. "The Properties Of Mouse Lung Epithelial Colony-Forming Cells." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a6602.

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Molladavoodi, Sara, John B. Medley, Maud Gorbet, and H. J. Kwon. "Mechanotransduction in Corneal Epithelial Cells." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65406.

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Mechanical properties of the cornea can be affected by diseases such as keratoconus. In keratoconus, a decrease in both thickness and rigidity of the cornea is observed. It is currently not clear whether and how changes in mechanical properties of the cornea are associated with corneal epithelial cell behavior. In the present study, polyacrylamide (PAA) gels with different elastic moduli have been prepared and human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) have been cultured on them. To investigate the effect that changes in elastic modulus may have on adhesion and migration of corneal epithelial cells, actin filament organization and expression of adhesion molecules were characterized. It was found that HCECs actin filament organization improves with increasing substrate stiffness and integrin α3 expression significantly increases on more compliant substrates.
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McQualter, JL, K. Yuen, B. Williams, and I. Bertoncello. "Properties of Clonal Epithelial Progenitor Cells from the Adult Mouse Lung." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1993.

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Bryson, Benjamin L., Damian J. Junk, and Mark W. Jackson. "Abstract 5458: Oncostatin M induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell properties in senescent human mammary epithelial cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5458.

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Mitchel, Jennifer, Jacob Notbohm, James Butler, Jeffrey Fredberg, and Jin-Ah Park. "Priming airway epithelial cells with transforming growth factor-beta recapitulates the biophysical properties of asthmatic cells." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3999.

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Sendon, C., C. DiPietro, H. Oez, C. Barone, R. Pierce, M. E. Egan, and E. M. Bruscia. "Electric Cell- Substrate Impedance Sensing Reveals Defective Permeability in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6192.

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He, Bo, ZhongQuan Ma, Jing Xu, Yun Fei, YingHui Tang, Lei Zhao, NanSheng Zhang, et al. "Fabrication and opto-electric properties of silicon based heterojunction SIS cells." In 2009 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2009.5411303.

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Reports on the topic "Epithelial cells – Electric properties"

1

Lewis, Michael T. Unmasking Stem/Progenitor Cell Properties in Differentiated Epithelial Cells Using Short-term Transplantation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462432.

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Lewis, Michael T. Unmasking Stem/Progenitor Cell Properties in Differentiated Epithelial Cells Using Short-term Transplantation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482708.

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