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Kotsur, G. "Emotions and International Relations." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 19, no. 3 (2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2021.19.3.66.2.
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This article is the part of the recent emotional turn when the scholars of social science are paying more attention to the study of collective emotions in international affairs. The former dominance of the biological and essentialist paradigms in this field were replaced by a number of culture-centered approaches based on social constructivism, which were elaborated within two pioneering disciplines – anthropology of emotions and history of emotions. The influence of such a scientific revolution included the key axis of the common – unique with an emphasis on the latter. The IR has been also affected by an emotional turn when the field of constructivist emotional studies had been established in the early 2000s. The object of this work is the transnational structural common – collective emotional patterns that have recurrent nature and emerge beyond state borders. This part of reality has not been conceptualized by scholars. Therefore, the aim of the article is to fill an epistemological vacuum and outline the ways for conceptualization of transnational structural common. It is IR that seem to be the most suitable field to do this. The empirical case of the crisis response after terrorist attacks are analyzed as the example of the transnational structural common. This case is explored by the author through the framework of "emotion culture" by S. Koschut in combination with the concept of "emotives" by W. Reddy. Speeches by the leaders of Israel, the United States, Russia, India and France after six terrorist attacks from 1972 to 2015 allow to identify an integrated tripartite emotional structure, which is observed in each of the cases. This structure includes an emotive of pity; compensatory structure with the emotives of fighting fear through reciprocal determination; finally, an emotive of solidarity. This discursive structure functions in a stable way because the emotional code connects the type of event (terrorist attack) with the cultural script (tripartite structure). Finally, some approaches in sociological institutionalism would enrich future studies of emotion culture.
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Dalton, Thomas C. "The developmental roots of consciousness and emotional experience." Consciousness & Emotion 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2000): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ce.1.1.05dal.
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Charles Darwin is generally credited with having formulated the first systematic attempt to explain the evolutionary origins and function of the expression of emotions in animals and humans. His ingenious theory, however, was burdened with popular misconceptions about human phylogenetic heritage and bore the philosophical and theoretical deficiencies of the brain science of his era that his successors strove to overcome. In their attempts to rectify Darwin’s errors, William James, James Mark Baldwin and John Dewey each made important contributions to a theory of emotion, which attempted to put it on a more secure philosophical and scientific footing. My contention is that Dewey and his collaborator, infant experimentalist Myrtle McGraw, succeeded where their contemporaries failed. They pointed the way out of the morass of recapitulationism, and showed how a developmental theory of consciousness, mind and emotion could be formulated that avoided the epistemological and ontological pitfalls of Darwin’s theory. Drawing on an extensive body of research from contemporary experimental studies of infant development, this essay attempts to put the questions raised by these historical figures about the structure, function and value of emotions in a theoretical framework. A developmental theory is proposed about the complex, interacting neurobiological and neurobehavioral factors that contribute to human emotional development. This theory identifies the possible relationships among emotions, consciousness and mind and how their co-development influences the capacity of young children to form moral judgments.
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Ryan, Thomas. "Revisiting Affective Knowledge and Connaturality in Aquinas." Theological Studies 66, no. 1 (February 2005): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056390506600103.
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[The author investigates the nature and function of affective cognition through connaturality in Thomas Aquinas. Its modulations are disclosed in the human attraction to happiness, in emotions and their moral significance, in the affective virtues (fortitude and temperance), and in the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Finally, the article notes some convergences between the thought of Aquinas and Bernard Lonergan concerning conversion and intentionality, both epistemological and existential.]
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Roeser, Sabine. "Reid and Moral Emotions." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 7, no. 2 (September 2009): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1479665109000438.
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The name of Thomas Reid rarely appears in discussions of the history of moral thought. This is a pity, since Reid has a lot of interesting ideas that can contribute to the current discussions in meta-ethics. Reid can be understood as an ethical intuitionist. What makes his account especially interesting is the role affective states play in his intuitionist theory. Reid defends a cognitive theory of moral emotions. According to Reid, there are moral feelings that are the result of a moral judgment made by reason. The judgment and the feeling together constitute what Reid calls sentiments. Reid thinks that affective states (feelings and sentiments) play the role of helping reason to guide and control the egoistic feelings and passions. The affective states are particularly important, in Reid's view, because the motivating force of reason is often defeated by the stronger motivating force of the passions. So without affective states, we would often not be able to do what is morally good or right. In this paper, I will argue that the role of the affective states is still too limited in Reid's approach. He takes affective states to have a merely motivational function, namely, to help reason to control the passions and motivate to action where reason is too weak. Reid thinks that in making moral judgments we do not need to have feelings, feelings are at most a result of a judgment. Instead, I will argue that affective states also play an epistemological role.
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Verde, Francesco. "I pathe di Epicuro tra epistemologia ed etica." Elenchos 39, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/elen-2018-0014.
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Abstract The focus of this paper is the analysis of the epistemological and practical role played by pathe/affections in Epicurus’ philosophy. Epicurus firstly considered the affections not as emotional/passional conditions, but as firm criteria of truth and more specifically as the third criterion of the canonic (i.e. the epistemological part of his philosophical system). In this article the critical reactions (in particular by the Peripatetic side: Aristocles of Messene) against the Epicurean position about the function of the affections will be investigated too. Finally, two parts of this paper are devoted to the Cyrenaic tripartition of pathe (in all likelihood, a subject criticized by Epicurus) and to the probable doctrinal relationship between Epicurus’ pathe and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics Book 2.
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Levman, Bryan G. "Western Theories of Music Origin, Historical and Modern." Musicae Scientiae 4, no. 2 (September 2000): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490000400203.
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All music origin theories are concerned with the purpose and effects of music, a subject first systematically broached by Plato who felt that music's primary use was for aggression, defence, persuasion and social harmony. In Cratylus Plato provided an epistemological foundation for later theorists by arguing for a natural correspondence between sound and meaning, opposing the view that names and sounds were arbitrary. One important group of musical origin theories developed this viewpoint, asserting that music evolved as a result of spontaneous emotional outbursts, a form of self expression and communication. Darwin heads a second adaptationist direction, maintaining that music evolved to enhance organisms' sexual attraction, thus increasing their ability to procreate. A third theoretical school asserts that music originated because of organisms' innate rhythmic sense. Other phylogenetic and functional ways of grouping music origin theories are also examined. In evolutionary time music's survival value lay in its use for territorial domination, deterrence of predators, intraspecific competition and social cohesion. Most musical/sonic signalling is deceptive and manipulative in nature, designed to give the signaller a competitive advantage against his/her rivals and therefore to increase his/her progeny. Although music in the western art tradition has only a limited social function, some of these utilitarian and duplicitous elements are preserved in the war, healing and supernatural songs of aboriginal tribes. Today music still serves the function of demarcating personal and group space, creating social cohesion, arousing to action and just pure enjoyment. Because of its ability to reawaken and allow us to re-experience primeval survival emotions, music is also cathartic and therapeutic.
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Geiselhart, K. "Praxis ist mehr als Praktiken – Warum moderne Ärzte und spirituelle Heiler im Prinzip das Gleiche tun." Geographica Helvetica 70, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-70-205-2015.
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Abstract. The pragmatist concept of praxis involves more than conventionalised practices. It also regards performative dynamics which derive from the fact that practices actually never are enacted in an exemplary manner. Each and every execution of a practice always bears the chance of success but also the risk of failure. Furthermore, the execution of a practice can be fractured in many ways. As situations are always unique, a variety of different dynamics can evolve, each of which might lead to further events which in turn might even result in an alteration of the convention of the practice. Due to such performative dynamics, individuals might experience diverse qualities of emotions, insights, and practical skills that are not inherent to the practices. Those individuals who are engaged in practices thus develop not only an understanding of conventionalised practices (unversalities) but also personal attitudes towards and opinions about these practices (singularities). The example of medical practices in Botswana can function as a role model to illustrate this notion of praxis. A juxtaposition of modern and traditional medicine shows that analysing the way how such fields of practice are epistemologically founded helps us to understand why they are incommensurable.
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Mordka, Cezary. "What are Emotions? Structure and Function of Emotions." Studia Humana 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sh-2016-0013.
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Abstract This paper attempts to coin a stipulative definition of “emotions” to determine their functions. In this sense, “emotion” is a complex phenomenon consisting of an accurate (reliable) determination of the state of affairs in relation to the state of the subject and specific “points of adaptation”. Apart from the cognitive aspect, this phenomenon also includes behavior, physiological changes and expressions (facial expression, voice, posture), feelings, and “execution” of emotions in the nervous system. Emotions fulfill informative, calibrating, identifying, existential, and motivating functions. Emotions capture the world as either positive or negative, important or unimportant, and are used to determine and assign weightings (to set up a kind of hierarchy). They emerge automatically (involuntarily), are difficult (or hardly possible) to control and are (to some extent) influenced by culture.
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Farb, Norman AS, Hanah A. Chapman, and Adam K. Anderson. "Emotions: form follows function." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.015.
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Sauter, Disa A. "The Nonverbal Communication of Positive Emotions: An Emotion Family Approach." Emotion Review 9, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916667236.
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This review provides an overview of the research on nonverbal expressions of positive emotions, organised into emotion families, that is, clusters sharing common characteristics. Epistemological positive emotions (amusement, relief, awe, and interest) are found to have distinct, recognisable displays via vocal or facial cues, while the agency-approach positive emotions (elation and pride) appear to be associated with recognisable visual, but not auditory, cues. Evidence is less strong for the prosocial emotions (love, compassion, gratitude, and admiration) in any modality other than touch, and there is little support for distinct recognisable signals of the savouring positive emotions (contentment, sensory pleasure, and desire). In closing, some limitations of extant work are noted and some proposals for future research are outlined.
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Samaržija, Hana. "Epistemological implications of neuroarchitecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 10, no. 3 (2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1802143s.
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This article will attempt to explain how the spatial characteristics of built environments affect both the cognitive processes of producing knowledge and the epistemic quality of other doxastic states. Recent discussions in philosophy and the social sciences have been vocal about the changing dynamics of contemporary life. As clouded boundaries between labor and leisure make individuals spend most of their time in built environments, personal experiences of space, buildings, and interiors are becoming a decisive factor in self-perception and cognition. These circumstances have encouraged the advent of a new scientific field: neuro-architecture, a branch of functional design supported by neurological brain scanning technologies and the concept of neuroplasticity, the brain's capacity to change its structure along our behavior and surroundings. After articulating neuro-architecture's ambition to define spaces most suitable for promoting positive emotions, good health, and intellectual agility, the article will critically assess its epistemological implications and its potentially unfavorable impact on architectural aesthetic autonomy. This intrusion of natural sciences into the ostensibly artistic domain of architecture bears certain similarities to the tension between traditional analytic philosophy - which was preoccupied with idealized models of intellectual practices and mental processes - and scientific insights into human cognition, perhaps best illustrated by the mind-brain identity theory.
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Petersen, Roger. "Ethnic conflict, social science and William Butler Yeats: A Commentary on Russell Hardin's." European Journal of Sociology 38, no. 2 (November 1997): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600006986.
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Hardin argues that ethnic conflicts can be analysed without reference to individual emotions, by using 3 parameters: the initiative of certain elites, the use of exclusive norms, and a good dose of epistemological perversity, admired if not shared. Beyond a certain critical mass, the mixture becomes explosive. Yeats' biography illustrates these arguments: Yeats' own emotions hardly weigh up against forces which cause him to be moved and create his emotion.
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Novikova, Elena Yu. "THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUAL EXISTENCE IN AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECT." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, no. 2 (June 29, 2019): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.046.019.201902.161-172.
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Introduction. The need to study the existential categories in terms of personal meaning and experiences of the individual due to multiple factors of development, increasing the importance of the individual and individualized spheres of life in society. Materials and Methods. We used methods and approaches in social philosophy: 1) socio-anthropological approach, which allows us to consider the essential features of a person in their individualized embodiment in specific activities: 2) a systematic approach; 3) an integrative method that allows philosophy to perform a methodological function in relation to various Sciences and to combine private scientific knowledge into a single system. Results. The feature of the philosophical interpretation of the individual aspects of life is necessary to highlight a variety of approaches are integrated into a single theory, such as irrational, phenomenological, sociological, epistemological, historical and cultural. Individual existence is studied as a set of practices, as a state of personality. As a motive and value as a picture of the world and people’s perceptions about their capabilities as personal meaning and inner intimate experience. Discussion and Conclusion. Implementation of the principles of organization of educational space as an individual being is expressed in various methods and approaches that are practiced in modern education. In modern education, a personal approach is implemented, according to which the tasks of education are the formation of an integral personality, pre-professional socialization and re-socialization. Individual existence is reflected in the paradigms of economic sciences in the analysis of reform practices and is associated with goal-setting, management, determinism. In management paradigms, the production environment is treated as an integral individual being, embodying the essential features of a person. In paradigms of emotional design the subject, technical environment is considered as a form of individual human existence.
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Clément, Maéva. "Emotions and affect in terrorism research: Epistemological shift and ways ahead." Critical Studies on Terrorism 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2021.1902611.
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Bird, Alexander. "The epistemological function of Hill's criteria." Preventive Medicine 53, no. 4-5 (October 2011): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.07.009.
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Parrott, W. Gerrod. "Implications of Dysfunctional Emotions for Understanding how Emotions Function." Review of General Psychology 5, no. 3 (September 2001): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.3.180.
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Consensus that emotions are functional and adaptive has reached such a level that contradictory evidence is no longer seriously considered, and the complex determinants of functionality are not fully appreciated. To remedy this complacency, the author draws attention to the nontrivial amount of dysfunctional emotion in everyday life, as well as to the many long-standing philosophical and religious traditions that counsel dispassion. This exercise is useful for tempering functionalist zeal and restoring scientific skepticism. It also demonstrates that the functionality of emotions depends critically on the appraisals that give rise to emotions, the choice and control of the behaviors motivated by emotions, and the socialization and training of emotions. These parameters, whether or not they are considered part of an emotion, must be considered part of what makes emotions functional.
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Gabriel, Rami. "The motivational role of affect in an ecological model." Theory & Psychology 31, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354321992869.
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Drawing from empirical literature on ecological psychology, affective neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, this article describes a model of affect-as-motivation in the intentional bond between organism and environment. An epistemological justification for the motivating role of emotions is provided through articulating the perceptual context of emotions as embodied, situated, and functional, and positing perceptual salience as a biasing signal in an affordance competition model. The motivational role of affect is pragmatically integrated into discussions of action selection in the neurosciences.
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Vallverdú, Jordi, and David Casacuberta. "A Computational, Cognitive, and Situated Framework for Emotional Social Simulations." International Journal of Robotics Applications and Technologies 5, no. 2 (July 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrat.2017070102.
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Human emotions and social processes are evolutionary intertwined, as the result of neuromodulatory mechanisms that define the nature of how bodies interact with the world and create strategies with other bodies and agents. This article presents the previous simulations of TPR, TPR 2.0 and The Game of Emotions. Ideas are also justified in order to achieve the next research level into social emotional simulations. This article describes a defense of the epistemological value of computer simulations for the analysis of emotions and social interactions. Finally, the elements of the model are described as well as is defined a basic sketch of the basic control algorithm.
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Oatley, Keith, and Jennifer M. Jenkins. "Human Emotions: Function and Dysfunction." Annual Review of Psychology 43, no. 1 (January 1992): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.43.020192.000415.
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Sokołowska, Olga. "Detecting metaphor – what case forms may reveal about a conceptualization." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 16/1 (May 6, 2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2019.1.04.
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The figurativeness of language expressions is not always obvious. While in rhetoric such unobtrusiveness may be a welcome quality, in linguistic studies, which have proved the important epistemological function of metaphor, it is vital that a reliable method for detecting metaphoricity in language be developed. The MIP proposed by the Pragglejaz group of researchers into metaphor, whose main concern is determining whether the sense represented by a given unit in a specific context contrasts or not with its basic, primary, typically “physical” meaning, does not seem to be always reliable since the contrast between a current and a basic meaning is not always evident and may be disputable in the case of words whose meaning is co-determined by context, as, e.g., the sense of the noun collectors in the phrase collectors of stories referring to the Grimm brothers. This method is also likely allow for the so-called grammatical metaphors, identified by Panther and Thornburg (2009) going unnoticed, since in their case the words involved represent their basic, physical senses. An example of the latter is the peculiar inflection of brand names marked for the masculine gender in Polish. Specifically, this is the issue of obligatory applying the declensional pattern characteristic of masculine animate nouns to masculine brand names referring to commercial products, such as cars, watches, computers, etc. The point is that the accusative case form of such words functioning as objects of verbs like buy, see, have is equal to the genitive, as is normal of animate nouns, rather than to the nominative, which is typical of animate ones – a group, to which brand names, after all, belong. This peculiar behaviour of a specific category of nouns may be interpreted as a symptom of construing their referents in a way in terms of living creatures, which seems to be confirmed by the fact that many owners develop emotional attitudes to objects of personal use. It is the metaphorical construal that seems to determine the grammatical form of certain nouns referring to them.
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Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Agneta H. Fischer, and Disa A. Sauter. "Good vibrations: A review of vocal expressions of positive emotions." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 27, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 237–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01701-x.
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AbstractResearchers examining nonverbal communication of emotions are becoming increasingly interested in differentiations between different positive emotional states like interest, relief, and pride. But despite the importance of the voice in communicating emotion in general and positive emotion in particular, there is to date no systematic review of what characterizes vocal expressions of different positive emotions. Furthermore, integration and synthesis of current findings are lacking. In this review, we comprehensively review studies (N = 108) investigating acoustic features relating to specific positive emotions in speech prosody and nonverbal vocalizations. We find that happy voices are generally loud with considerable variability in loudness, have high and variable pitch, and are high in the first two formant frequencies. When specific positive emotions are directly compared with each other, pitch mean, loudness mean, and speech rate differ across positive emotions, with patterns mapping onto clusters of emotions, so-called emotion families. For instance, pitch is higher for epistemological emotions (amusement, interest, relief), moderate for savouring emotions (contentment and pleasure), and lower for a prosocial emotion (admiration). Some, but not all, of the differences in acoustic patterns also map on to differences in arousal levels. We end by pointing to limitations in extant work and making concrete proposals for future research on positive emotions in the voice.
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Feldman, Lindsey Raisa, and Luminiţa-Anda Mandache. "Emotional overlap and the analytic potential of emotions in anthropology." Ethnography 20, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138118768620.
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Emotions have historically played a marginal role in many arenas of anthropological analysis, often limited to describing certain aspects of research informants' lives, or explaining the ethnographer's own fieldwork experience. This paper proposes a more nuanced approach, pointing to the analytic potential of what we call emotional overlap. Emotional overlap occurs in ethnographic moments when the emotions of both the informant and the ethnographer are uncovered and acknowledged. Using evidence from a cumulated 28 months of fieldwork in an American prison and a poor Brazilian neighborhood, we describe the analytic potential for emotional overlap in qualitative research. We argue for the importance and necessity of privileging emotions as sites of epistemological reflection, in order to reaffirm what is most compelling about the discipline of anthropology and to maintain its relevance in the 21st century.
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Vartanyan, G. A., and E. S. Petrov. "The reinforcing function of the emotions." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 23, no. 5 (September 1993): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01183005.
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Revord, Julia, Kate Sweeny, and Sonja Lyubomirsky. "Categorizing the function of positive emotions." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 39 (June 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.001.
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Miller, Robert J. "The Domain and Function of Epistemological Humility in Historical Jesus Studies." Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus 12, no. 1-2 (November 20, 2014): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455197-01202003.
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The epistemological humility proper to methodological naturalism is the suspension of belief in divine causation, and by entailment, of the belief that events that violate the laws of nature sometimes occur. Epistemological humility does not, however, require the suspension of knowledge of how the world works, i.e., of the laws of nature. Methodological naturalism, therefore, requires us to reject the literal truth of reports in ancient texts of events that we know to be physically impossible, regardless of whether a text attributes such events to divine causality. Reports about the deeds of Jesus are not exempt from this methodological restriction. Methodological naturalism, and the epistemological humility it subsumes, therefore, requires that historians deny, for example, that the historical Jesus (the human Jesus as reconstructed by critical historiography) literally walked on water. Since epistemological humility does not require the suspension of knowledge about how the world works, but only of belief in divine causation, it therefore does not require that one hold open the possibility that the historical Jesus walked on water, since that possibility is incompatible with naturalism (both ontological and methodological).
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Darrigandi Navarro, Claudia. "Writing from Home: Clarice Lispector’s Chronicles in the Jornal do Brasil." Journal of Lusophone Studies 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21471/jls.v4i2.334.
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This article focuses on Clarice Lispector’s chronicles published in the Jornal do Brasil from 1967-1973. These chronicles become a public space for exposing the act of thinking, which is strongly linked to emotions, instead of depicting a daily overview of events for the newspaper’s readers. Drawing from Bruno Latour’s notions of “translation” and “purification,” I argue that there is a “translation” process in Lispector’s chronicles that goes against “purification practices.” To this effect, I focus on how Lispector displays both her thinking process and her emotions, and on the role of things and people in her writing. Lispector delves into life from her home, an environment that becomes an “epistemological space,” as defined by Stacy Alaimo.
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Durnová, Anna. "Making interpretive policy analysis critical and societally relevant: emotions, ethnography and language." Policy & Politics 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557321x16129850569011.
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This article summarises the main achievements of interpretive approaches to policy analysis and signposts ways to develop them to strengthen inclusivity and diversity. By visualising tangible strategies used in the approach, it demonstrates how we can better understand how policies are made and understood. At the same time, the article places a strong focus on emotions and ethnography as a way to strengthen the societal relevance of the approach. Focusing on emotions in policy research goes beyond a simple interest in emotions, using them as a specific critical lens to view the researched phenomenon while considering how policy ideas are framed as relevant or irrelevant through expressive language. Analogously, the article describes ethnography as an epistemological lens for analysing policy wherein researchers embrace human bias and the normativity of their research. To illustrate how these two lenses work in practice, the article concludes by discussing the research design of an analysis of the role of fathers in the policy debate around birth care in Czechia.
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Oatley, Keith. "On the definition and function of emotions." Social Science Information 46, no. 3 (September 2007): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/05390184070460030108.
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Pyrev, E. A. "Motivational Function of Emotions: Experimental Approach to Study (continued)." Вестник практической психологии образования 16, no. 3 (2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019160305.
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The article presents an experimental study of human emotional motivation. Practical aspects of emotional motivation are considered on the example of educational and professional activities of university students. Emotion as an unconscious motive induces unintended actions of university students against different aspects of educational and professional activities. The practical part of the study was implemented by the author’s methodology “Test of Color Associations”. In terms of content and performance, the test meets the main provisions of the theoretical content of the stated topic. The experimental study identified four groups of emotions, reflecting their specific motivational capabilities, manifested in negative and positive unintended actions towards learning. Experimentally identified “creative emotions” (joy and interest), “emotions overcoming obstacles” (anger), “emotions that save energy” (pleasure, indifference), “emotions that destroy relationships” (fear, sadness, disgust).
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Tonutti, Sabrina. "On Others’ Emotions, and Ours: a Reflection on Narratives, Categories, and Heuristic Devices." Relations, no. 2 (November 2013): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/rela-2013-002-tonu.
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This article reflects on some epistemological and methodological tenets of cultural anthropology such as the informants’ role in ethnographical research, the relation between collective phenomena and individuals, and that between case studies (individual level) and abstraction (generalization). These tenets will be addressed focusing on the lack of recognition of animals’ individuality and agency in social relations, and on the related humans/animals opposition. With the topic of the emotional lives of animals as a starting point, the essay sets out to reflect on how the narratives we use to interpret and describe them inform our enquiry within an anthropocentric and essentialist view, consequently biasing our understanding of diversity.
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Siregar, Iskandarsyah. "Epistemological Challenges Against Sociolinguistics." International Journal of Linguistics Studies 1, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijls.2021.1.2.6.
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Sociolinguistics is a linguistics science that seeks to express the values of life that are revealed in language. Sociolinguistics is stuck in the study of language, which is purely empirical. This assessment can be observed when sociolinguistics only comes to the study of language, which reveals the linguistic system. It is essential to point out the other side of sociolinguistics that has not been explored, namely the aspect of language meaning. In this case, epistemology tries to challenge the existence of sociology concerning the role and function of sociolinguistics itself. Through literature study, Hermeneutics and heuristics are consistently and consistently used as the basis for the research method in this case. It can be concluded that sociolinguistics must begin to view language as a form of culture that becomes a social system and acts as a tool for human development.
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정재상. "Emotions are not What I Possess : An Epistemological Explorations of Xunzi’s Theory of Human Dispositions." Studies in Confucianism 39, no. ll (May 2017): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18216/yuhak.2017.39..009.
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Madzar, Ljubomir. "Epistemological shell of the econometric findings." Ekonomski anali 50, no. 166 (2005): 285–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0566285m.
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The paper is a continuation of the dialogue relating to the study cited as the first item in the reference list to this article. It contains further comments on that study as well as responses to the authors? reply to the previously given comments, published in a special issue of the Ekonomski anali cited as the second item of the reference list. The principal issue of this exchange is the treatment of previous non-econometric work in the field of macroeconomic interrelationships and of the corresponding changes in the economy of Serbia. The postulate advanced in this text is the same as the one in the previous critical review of the study by Arsic et al. (2005a) and consists in the statement that econometric analysis of empirical characteristics of the Serbian economy should respect and incorporate knowledge accumulated through the use of non-econometric techniques before the study was produced. Econometricians should do that by framing appropriately their maintained hypotheses, by selecting structural specification of the various relations in the model and through interpreting the results obtained in the form of econometric estimates. A number of critical observations are reiterated regarding the way some relations are structurally specified. Among such criticized relations are the model?s production function having imports as the only argument and the import function. Imports are judged as inappropriate in the role of the argument in the production function because they not only contribute to production through technological complementarities but also reduce it through the demand segment of the system, by capturing a good deal of domestic demand and stifling a number of sectors of domestic economy. Imports are financed, among other, by several ephemeral, short-lived sources such as donations, foreign indebtedness and privatization receipts. Imports are therefore not sustainable and their enormous increase within a limited time interval boils down to a destructive blow, to a dangerous shock to the domestic economy similar to the Dutch disease. Critical remarks are also given regarding the import function in which the sum of wages and salaries is adopted as a measure of the aggregate demand.
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Pyrev, E. A. "Motivational Function of Emotions: Theoretical Approach to Study." Вестник практической психологии образования 16, no. 2 (2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2019160207.
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The article reveals the problems of human emotional motivation. The definition of this phenomenon is given. The theoretical aspect of emotional motivation is represented by an analysis of domestic and foreign literature on emotions and motivation. Also, the theoretical part of the study is devoted to the nature of emotions and the content of their motivational potential. The origins of this phenomenon are seen in the subjectivity of emotions, manifested in the relationship of a person with various aspects of his life. Emotion as an unconscious motive induces unintentional actions towards the subject of communication. There is emotion at several levels of human functioning: neural, physiological, psychological and behavioral. The first two levels provide the appearance of emotion, which is then realized in motor reactions and detailed behavior towards the subject of communication. The implementation of the motor program over time leads to awareness of emotions and a decrease in their motivational potential.
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Carnevale, Franco A. "A Conceptual and Moral Analysis of Suffering." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 2 (March 2009): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733008100076.
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This analysis presents an epistemological and moral examination of suffering. It addresses the specific questions: (1) What is suffering? (2) Can one's suffering be assessed by another? and (3) What is the moral significance of suffering? The epistemological analysis is orientated by Peter Hacker's framework for the investigation of emotions, demonstrating that suffering is an emotion. This leads to a discussion of whether suffering is a phenomenon that can be evaluated objectively by another person who is not experiencing the suffering, questioning the validity of some decisional models for limiting life-sustaining therapies with the aim of preventing suffering. This analysis highlights that understandings of suffering are value laden. It is conventionally implied that suffering is `bad' and that it should be eliminated. Suffering is commonly regarded as a moral wrong that needs to be made right by health care. This article concludes with a recommendation for a paradigm shift in how suffering can be better understood, through the practice of empathic attunement.
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Perlovsky, Leonid. "Cognitive function, origin, and evolution of musical emotions." Musicae Scientiae 16, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864912448327.
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Uji, Masayo, Toshiaki Nagata, and Toshinori Kitamura. "Narcissism: Its function in modulating self-conscious emotions." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 76, no. 3 (September 2012): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2012.76.3.211.
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Piotrovskaya, Larisa A. "BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR STUDYING INTONATION EMOTIVE FUNCTION." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2016_2_4_41_49.
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The current paper focuses on responses to major questions that determine the correctness of researching the emotive function of intonation: 1) the problem of classifying emotions; 2) universal / idioethnic nature of expressing emotions by means of intonation; 3) intonation pattern structure significant for adequate description of intonation emotive types; 4) the place of emotive intonation patterns in language intonation system; 5) variety of emotive intonation patterns; 6) methods of planning experiments for studying emotive intonation.
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FORTUNY, Francesç. "El intelecto en Guillero de Ockham." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 9 (October 1, 2002): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v9i.9344.
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The ontological theory about the two aristotelical intellects, created in the 13th century, finishes finally its itinerary with Ockham's epistemological theory. The realistic-propositionalist Ockham's epistemological theory reduces the intellect to a connotation: intellect denotes the soul, or better, the thinking subject whole and one; but connotes the man's cognitival function. The man is essentially free and directs his knowledge to its object, it is life and activity; but the denoted acognitival function is passive.
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Braten, Ivar, and Helge Stromso. "Constructing meaning from multiple information sources as a function of personal epistemology." Text features which enable cognitive strategies during text comprehension 14, no. 1 (April 27, 2006): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.14.1.07bra.
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Ten student teachers having naïve epistemological beliefs and nine having sophisticated beliefs read seven texts about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, representing partly conflicting views on the topic. The results indicated that students with sophisticated beliefs were better at melding information from multiple perspectives. Moreover, they suggested that the students attained this advantage by engaging in more active use of deeper level text-processing strategies. In terms of practical implications, this research suggests that students working with multiple texts should be given the opportunity to reflect on their epistemological stances and also be taught how they can strategically construct meaning in this complex task environment.
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Dyson, Frances. "Wireless Affections: Embodiment and Emotions in New Media/Theory and Art." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 11, no. 4 (November 2005): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177//1354856505061056.
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A central strategy in selling information technology has involved the appropriation of earlier historical notions of the ether: as an immersive environment, communicative medium and electronic presence. Just as telephony was connected to the ‘wireless ether’, virtual reality and cyberspace have been connected to the idea of a virtual, electronic sphere, represented as an informatic space, through which a mode of (digital) being is conducted. However, as this paper will argue, while the data trails generated through ‘dataveillance’ technologies, or the information collected by wearable computers, may indeed situate the individual within a digitally rendered ‘ether’, these technologies are based on the generation of knowledge more than the creation of a space, installing an epistemological, rather than an ontological framework for understanding telepresent agency. With reference to recent works by Canadian artist Catherine Richards, this paper will discuss both research into new ‘reality mining’ and ‘affective computing’ technologies and the discourse of posthumanism, as it elaborates the transformation from autonomous liberal subject to post-human hybrid currently underway, and the developing relationships between humans and embodied, emotionally intelligent machines.
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O’Hagan, Minako, and Marian Flanagan. "Gamer emotions in laughter." Translation, Cognition & Behavior 1, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tcb.00013.oha.
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Abstract This study is motivated by the assumption that today’s function-oriented game localisation approach has room for improvement by incorporating an affect-oriented approach. It draws on the concept of “affective framing” in a game with humour as “emotionally competent stimuli”. Laughter as emotion data were collected from German, Japanese and Irish participants playing in their native language relevant versions of the US-origin casual game Plants vs. Zombies. This small-scale empirical study, combined with gamer interviews and gameplay trajectory, reveal evidence of specific functions of gamer emotions across all three groups, most often as a relief during game play, facilitating the gamer’s ability to retain engagement by accessing the emotional function of humour. The data suggest that affective framing through humour that is made culturally relevant is deemed more important for the German group than the other groups. This group negatively perceived cultural stereotypes in the game, whereas the Irish group perceived cultural associations positively. The focus on user emotions brings the neglected affective dimension to the fore and towards affect-oriented game localisation as interdisciplinary research.
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Cohen-Chen, Smadar, Ruthie Pliskin, and Amit Goldenberg. "Feel Good or Do Good? A Valence–Function Framework for Understanding Emotions." Current Directions in Psychological Science 29, no. 4 (July 8, 2020): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721420924770.
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Previous thinking has often categorized emotions as either pleasant or unpleasant or examined to what extent they are functional or dysfunctional. We suggest that researchers should consider the positivity or negativity of discrete emotions on both dimensions: subjective feelings and constructiveness of outcomes. We discuss how, across contexts, a specific emotion can potentially be categorized differently within the framework. We further suggest that this approach is particularly useful in unique, complex contexts that involve clashes among goals, interests, or values, such as violent intergroup conflicts. Using this context, we demonstrate how emotions that feel good to people can lead to behaviors and attitudes that sustain violence and thwart conflict resolution, whereas emotions that promote conflict resolution are often unpleasant. Such clashes may depend on the presence of embedded contextual factors, such as group membership and relative power. Thus, this framework will be useful for examining specific emotions while taking contextual factors into consideration. Finally, we examine several important questions stemming from our framework and suggest directions for future research.
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Depkat, Volker. "Letters and Diaries as Life Writing." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v1i1.79.
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In lieu of an abstract, here is the first paragraph of this forum contribution:
The burgeoning field of life-writing studies constitutes a meeting ground of historiography and literary criticism. Historians and literary critics approach one and the same phenomenon from different disciplinary perspectives and with different epistemological interests. For historians, the texts that literary critics call life writing are personal documents, Selbstzeugnisse, or ego-documents that help pave the way toward understanding the “subjective dimension” of history, i.e., the personality, minds, motivations, emotions, and worldviews of concrete historical actors, who made, experienced, or endured history.[1]
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Johansson, Lars-Göran. "Induction and Epistemological Naturalism." Philosophies 3, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies3040031.
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Epistemological naturalists reject the demand for a priori justification of empirical knowledge; no such thing is possible. Observation reports, being the foundation of empirical knowledge, are neither justified by other sentences, nor certain; but they may be agreed upon as starting points for inductive reasoning and they function as implicit definitions of predicates used. Making inductive generalisations from observations is a basic habit among humans. We do that without justification, but we have strong intuitions that some inductive generalisations will fail, while for some other we have better hopes. Why? This is the induction problem according to Goodman. He suggested that some predicates are projectible when becoming entrenched in language. This is a step forward, but not entirely correct. Inductions result in universally generalised conditionals and these contain two predicates, one in the antecedent, one in the consequent. Counterexamples to preliminary inductive generalisations can be dismissed by refining the criteria of application for these predicates. This process can be repeated until the criteria for application of the predicate in the antecedent includes the criteria for the predicate in the consequent, in which case no further counterexample is possible. If that is the case we have arrived at a law. Such laws are implicit definitions of theoretical predicates. An accidental generalisation has not this feature, its predicates are unrelated. Laws are said to be necessary, which may be interpreted as ‘“Laws” are necessarily true’. ‘Necessarily true’ is thus a semantic predicate, not a modal operator. In addition, laws, being definitions, are necessarily true in the sense of being necessary assumptions for further use of the predicates implicitly defined by such laws. Induction, when used in science, is thus our way of inventing useful scientific predicates; it is a heuristic, not an inference principle.
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Pisano, Raffaele, and Paolo Bussotti. "OPEN PROBLEMS IN MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS. EXPLORING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 50, no. 1 (December 15, 2012): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.50.56.
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Generally speaking the exponential function has large applications and it is used by many non physicians and non mathematicians, too. Nevertheless some crucial and practical problems happen for its mathematical understanding. Mostly, this part of mathematical cognitive programmes introduce it from the mathematical strictly point of view. On the contrary, since both physics experiments make a vast use of it, in this paper the exponential function will be explained starting from physical experiments and only later a mathematical modelling of it will be organized. The relationship physics-mathematics-geometry is crucial and indispensable in this kind of integrated and history&science education. The history and epistemology of mathematics and physics can be a significant means to make the epistemological and didactical research more profound and clear. Key words: interdisciplinary, elementary functions, geometric transformations, epistemological teaching, thermology and calorimetry.
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Silva, Catarina, Ana Cláudia Ferreira, Isabel Soares, and Francisco Esteves. "Emotions Under the Skin." Journal of Psychophysiology 29, no. 4 (November 2015): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000147.
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Abstract. The present study examined physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli as a function of attachment style. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously recorded while participants engaged in a visual attentional task. The task included positive, neutral, and negative emotional pictures, and required the identification of a target (neutral picture rotated 90° to the left or right), among a stream of pictures in which an emotional distracter (positive or negative) was presented. Participants additionally rated each of the emotional distracters for valence and arousal. Behavioral results on the attentional task showed that positive pictures facilitated overall target detection for all participants, compared to negative and neutral pictures, and that anxiously attached participants had significantly lower accuracy scores, relative to the other groups. Affective ratings indicated that positive pictures were rated as being more pleasant than negative ones, although no differences were found in HR changes to picture valence. In contrast, negative pictures were evaluated as being highly arousing. Consistent with this, negative pictures elicited larger SCRs in both insecure anxious and avoidant groups, especially for the anxious while the secure group showed SCRs unaffected by stimuli’s arousal. Present results show that individuals with different attachment styles reveal distinct patterns of attentional bias, appraisal, and physiological reactivity toward emotionally arousing stimuli. These findings further highlight the regulatory function of the attachment system.
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Gendolla, Guido H. E. "Comment: Do Emotions Influence Action? – Of Course, They Are Hypo-Phenomena of Motivation." Emotion Review 9, no. 4 (August 8, 2017): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073916673211.
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The target articles in this special section shed new light on the old question whether and how emotions influence action. However, what is missing is a straightforward motivational analysis—considering what we have learned from the science of explaining the “why” and “how” of behavior. I posit that emotions can influence the motivation process and thus action by fulfilling at least three functions: First, being grounded in needs, experienced emotions can function as strong need-like motivational states. Second, anticipated emotions can function as incentives and justify action. Third, emotions can inform about progress in goal pursuit permitting behavior calibration. In summary, there is little doubt that emotions influence action. They can do so because they are hypo-phenomena of motivation.
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Zolo, Danilo. "Function, Meaning, Complexity: The Epistemological Premisses of Niklas Luhmann's 'Sociological Enlightenment'." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1986): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004839318601600109.
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Nanda, Upali, Debajyoti Pati, Hessam Ghamari, and Robyn Bajema. "Lessons from neuroscience: form follows function, emotions follow form." Intelligent Buildings International 5, sup1 (October 2013): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2013.807767.
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