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Journal articles on the topic 'Episodic memory – Philosophy'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

Dokic, Jérôme. "Une théorie réflexive du souvenir épisodique." Dialogue 36, no. 3 (1997): 527–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300017042.

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AbstractThis paper deals with the distinction between factual and episodic memory (memory that p vs. memory of particular x). The following theses are defended, (i) Episodic memory is internally related to a particular past experience. (ii) Factual memory about x does not imply episodic memory ofx. (iii) Episodic and factual memory may carry the same kind of information about the past. Finally, (iv) episodic memories are reflexive factual memories. When I remember x in the episodic sense, I have a collection of factual memories not only about x, but equally and simultaneously about the fact that this same collection comes directly from my past experience.

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2

Malanowski, Sarah. "Is episodic memory uniquely human? Evaluating the episodic-like memory research program." Synthese 193, no. 5 (November 25, 2015): 1433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0966-z.

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3

Andonovski, Nikola. "SINGULARISM about Episodic Memory." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2020): 335–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00464-y.

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4

Gennaro, Rocco J. "Consciousness, self‐consciousness and episodic memory." Philosophical Psychology 5, no. 4 (January 1992): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089208573067.

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5

Perrin, Denis. "Une défense de l’approche simulationniste du souvenir épisodique." Dialogue 50, no. 1 (March 2011): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217311000114.

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ABSTRACT: In this paper, I carry out an application of the debate between simulationism and theory theory to the issue of episodic memory. I first criticize the approach favored by the theory theory. Then I advance a simulationist conception of the relationship between the phenomenology of episodic memory and its specific kind of self-consciousness. On my view, subjectivity belongs to the very content of episodic memory, not as an element of its content, but as the perspective it gives to the content that makes the simulation of past experience possible. In support of that view, I provide an analysis inspired by J. Perry of the semantics of de se thought. It gives the remembering subject a non-representational presence in the mnesic content.

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Boyle, Alexandria. "The impure phenomenology of episodic memory." Mind & Language 35, no. 5 (October 2019): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mila.12261.

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7

Russell, James. "Episodic Memory as Re-Experiential Memory: Kantian, Developmental, and Neuroscientific Currents." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2014): 391–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0194-3.

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Tjøstheim, Trond A., Andreas Stephens, Andrey Anikin, and Arthur Schwaninger. "The Cognitive Philosophy of Communication." Philosophies 5, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies5040039.

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Numerous species use different forms of communication in order to successfully interact in their respective environment. This article seeks to elucidate limitations of the classical conduit metaphor by investigating communication from the perspectives of biology and artificial neural networks. First, communication is a biological natural phenomenon, found to be fruitfully grounded in an organism’s embodied structures and memory system, where specific abilities are tied to procedural, semantic, and episodic long-term memory as well as to working memory. Second, the account explicates differences between non-verbal and verbal communication and shows how artificial neural networks can communicate by means of ontologically non-committal modelling. This approach enables new perspectives of communication to emerge regarding both sender and receiver. It is further shown that communication features gradient properties that are plausibly divided into a reflexive and a reflective form, parallel to knowledge and reflection.

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Landinez-Martínez, Daniel-Alfredo, David-Andrés Montoya-Arenas, and David-Antonio Pineda-Salazar. "Working memory and consciousness:." ÁNFORA 29, no. 53 (July 5, 2022): 244–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30854/anf.v29.n53.2022.800.

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The view of working memory as a conscious process has allowed to define consciousness as the content of working memory. However, concerns have emerged over comparisons between consciousness and working memory. Although the relationship between these two study fields has been the matter of psychology, philosophy and neuroscience, a theoretical review addressing the core elements of highly cited perspectives would enrich the discussion in this study area. This review focuses on three theoretical frameworks: 1) the multi-component model of working memory, 2) the global workspace theory, 3) the hierarchical framework. The multi-component model of working memory contributes a basic functional description on how mental representations remain on-line during complex cognitive processing. Thereby, the information exchange between the central executive and the episodic buffer, in one sense, and the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad in the other is given trough conscious processing. Likewise, the central executive controls and changes attention but the episodic buffer allows multimodal information availability.

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10

Schwartz, Arieh. "Simulationism and the Function(s) of Episodic Memory." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11, no. 2 (January 27, 2020): 487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00461-1.

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11

Álvarez Céspedes, Juan Fernando. "Fernández, J. (2019). Memory: a self-referential account. Oxford University Press." Estudios de Filosofía, no. 64 (July 30, 2021): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a13.

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Fernández’ most recent book constitutes an articulated development of several philosophical considerations on memory displayed in previous, and forthcoming publications. The result of such articulated development ends up being a consistent account that provides an innovative and thought-provoking perspective on episodic remembering. This volume not only gathers and articulates the author’s previous ideas, but also provides new reflections, and objections that encompasses four significant domains in the philosophy of memory. In the first part of the book (Chapters 1, 2, and 3), Fernández offers an account of both the metaphysics and the intentionality of episodic memory; in the second part (Chapters 4 and 5), the author deals with certain phenomenological aspects involved in remembering; in the third part (Chapters 6 and 7), two important debates in the epistemology of memory are discussed.

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12

Dings, Roy, and Christopher Jude McCarroll. "The Complex Phenomenology of Episodic Memory: Felt Connections, Multimodal Perspectivity, and Multifaceted Selves." Journal of Consciousness Studies 29, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.29.11.029.

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There is thought to be a rich connection between the self and the phenomenology of episodic memory. Despite the emphasis on this link, the precise relation between the two has been underexplored. In fact, even though it is increasingly acknowledged that there are various facets of the self, this notion of the multifaceted self has played very little role in theorizing about the phenomenology of episodic memory. Getting clear about the complex phenomenology of episodic memory involves getting clear about various components that contribute to the sense of self. Inspired by work on 4E cognition, and focusing on the phenomenological feature of felt connections, we show that the phenomenology of episodic memory can be modulated by focusing on different facets — embodied, extended, embedded, and ecological — of the self.

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13

Hancock, Peter A., and Nushien Shahnami. "Memory as a String of Pearls." KronoScope 10, no. 1-2 (2010): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852410x561862.

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AbstractWhich representational metaphor one chooses serves to exert a powerful influence upon how we conceive of and subsequently think about time. In the human perception of time, one of the most critical faculties is that of memory, since it appears that we remember the past and anticipate the future while simultaneously experiencing the present. We here present a ‘string of pearls’ metaphor which captures the features of episodic memories (both retrospective and prospective) as the pearls on the string. The underlying continuity of lived experience of existence is equated with the thread of the string itself upon which these respective episodic pearls are mounted. The advantages, nuances, and drawbacks of the use of this metaphor to the understanding of time perception are discussed.

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Kirby, Alun. "No maps for these territories: exploring philosophy of memory through photography." Estudios de Filosofía, no. 64 (July 30, 2021): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ef.n64a03.

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I begin by examining perception of photographs from two directions: what we think photographs are, and the aspects of mind involved when viewing photographs. Traditional photographs are shown to be mnemonic tools, and memory identified as a key part of the process by which photographs are fully perceived. Second, I describe the metamorphogram; a non-traditional photograph which fits specific, author-defined criteria for being memory. The metamorphogram is shown to be analogous to a composite of all an individual’s episodic memories. Finally, using the metamorphogram in artistic works suggests a bi-directional relationship between individual autobiographical memory and shared cultural memory. A model of this relationship fails to align with existing definitions of cultural memory, and may represent a new form: sociobiographical memory. I propose that the experiences documented here make the case for promoting a mutually beneficial relationship between philosophy and other creative disciplines, including photography.

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15

McCormack, Teresa. "Temporal Concepts and Episodic Memory: A Response to Hoerl." Mind and Language 14, no. 2 (June 1999): 252–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00112.

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16

PLATEL, H. "Functional Neuroimaging of Semantic and Episodic Musical Memory." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1060, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1360.010.

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17

Dokic, Jérôme. "Feeling the Past: A Two-Tiered Account of Episodic Memory." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5, no. 3 (April 27, 2014): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0183-6.

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18

Colaço, David. "What Counts as a Memory? Definitions, Hypotheses, and “Kinding in Progress”." Philosophy of Science 89, no. 1 (January 2022): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psa.2021.14.

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AbstractThis paper accounts for broad definitions of memory, which extend to paradigmatic memory phenomena, like episodic memory in humans, and phenomena in worms and sea snails. These definitions may seem too broad, suggesting that they extend to phenomena that don’t count as memory or illustrate that memory is not a natural kind. However, these responses fail to consider a definition as a hypothesis. As opposed to construing definitions as expressing memory’s properties, a definition as a hypothesis is the basis to test inferences about phenomena. A definition as a hypothesis is valuable when the “kinding” of phenomena is ongoing.

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19

ESCHRICH, S. "Remember Bach: An Investigation in Episodic Memory for Music." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1060, no. 1 (December 1, 2005): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1360.045.

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20

Brewin, Chris R. "Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder." Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 1 (2014): 69–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033722.

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21

De Brigard, Felipe. "Is memory for remembering? Recollection as a form of episodic hypothetical thinking." Synthese 191, no. 2 (February 5, 2013): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-013-0247-7.

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22

Debus, Dorothea. "Mental Time Travel: Episodic Memory and Our Knowledge of the Personal Past, by Kourken Michaelian." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 96, no. 2 (July 30, 2017): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2017.1357738.

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23

LANGLAND-HASSAN, PETER. "What Sort of Imagining Might Remembering Be?" Journal of the American Philosophical Association 7, no. 2 (2021): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2020.28.

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AbstractThis essay unites current philosophical thinking on imagination with a burgeoning debate in the philosophy of memory over whether episodic remembering is simply a kind of imagining. So far, this debate has been hampered by a lack of clarity in the notion of imagining at issue. Several options are considered and constructive imagining is identified as the relevant kind. Next, a functionalist account of episodic remembering is defended as a means to establishing two key points: first, one need not defend a factive (or causalist) view of remembering in order to hold that causal connections to past experiences are essential to how rememberings are typed; and, second, current theories that equate remembering with imagining are in fact consistent with a functionalist theory that includes causal connections in its account of what it is to remember. This suggests that remembering is not a kind of imagining and clarifies what it would take to establish the contrary.

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24

James, Taylor A., Samuel Weiss-Cowie, Zachary Hopton, Paul Verhaeghen, Vonetta M. Dotson, and Audrey Duarte. "Depression and episodic memory across the adult lifespan: A meta-analytic review." Psychological Bulletin 147, no. 11 (November 2021): 1184–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000344.

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25

Wheeler, Mark A., Donald T. Stuss, and Endel Tulving. "Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness." Psychological Bulletin 121, no. 3 (1997): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.331.

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26

Klein, Stanley B. "Autonoesis and Belief in a Personal Past: An Evolutionary Theory of Episodic Memory Indices." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 5, no. 3 (April 3, 2014): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-014-0181-8.

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27

Berres, Sabrina, and Edgar Erdfelder. "The sleep benefit in episodic memory: An integrative review and a meta-analysis." Psychological Bulletin 147, no. 12 (December 2021): 1309–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000350.

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28

Rozemberg, Andrej. "Memories of Venice: Analysis of two thought experiments by Derek Parfit." Human Affairs 31, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2021-0011.

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Abstract It is commonly believed that our episodic memory teaches us about the reality of personal identity over time. Derek Parfitt’s notion of quasi-memory challenges this belief. According to Parfit, q-memories provide us with knowledge of past experiences in the same way that memory does, without presupposing that the rememberer and the experiencer are the same person. Various aspects of Parfit’s theory have met with criticism from scholars such as D. Wiggins, J. McDowell, M. Schechtman, and others. In this paper, I will focus primarily on the holistic argument that q-memories cannot be squared with the complex nature of mental life. This is a well-known argument and, when understood as criticism of memory-trace copying, is accepted by some q-memory proponents. In this paper, I will try to show why it is impossible to defend quasi-memory, even when wholesale psychological continuity applies, and why post-fission persons are not genuine cases of q-memories.

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29

Werning, Markus. "Predicting the Past from Minimal Traces: Episodic Memory and its Distinction from Imagination and Preservation." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11, no. 2 (April 23, 2020): 301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00471-z.

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30

Shields, Grant S., Matthew A. Sazma, Andrew M. McCullough, and Andrew P. Yonelinas. "The effects of acute stress on episodic memory: A meta-analysis and integrative review." Psychological Bulletin 143, no. 6 (June 2017): 636–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000100.

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31

Asperholm, Martin, Nadja Högman, Jonas Rafi, and Agneta Herlitz. "What did you do yesterday? A meta-analysis of sex differences in episodic memory." Psychological Bulletin 145, no. 8 (August 2019): 785–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000197.

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32

Zacks, Oryan, Simona Ginsburg, and Eva Jablonka. "The Futures of the Past The Evolution of Imaginative Animals." Journal of Consciousness Studies 29, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 29–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.29.3.029.

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We discuss the evolution of imagination in vertebrate animals within the framework of an evolutionary-transition approach. We define imaginative consciousness and the cognitive architecture that constitutes it and argue that the evolution of full-fledged imaginative consciousness that enables planning can be regarded as a major transition in the evolution of cognition. We explore the distribution and scope of a core capacity of imaginative cognition in non-human vertebrates — episodic-like memory (ELM) — by examining its behavioural manifestations as well as the organization and connectivity of the hippocampus, a central hub of episodic memory processes in vertebrates. Although the data are limited, we conclude that ELM evolved in parallel several times through the enrichment of minimal consciousness capacities, that there is a general correspondence between enhanced behavioural capacities and the size and complexity of the hippocampus during vertebrate evolution, and that the evolution of prospective, planning-enabling imagination is a major transition in cognition and consciousness.

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33

OLER, JONATHAN A., and ETAN J. MARKUS. "Age-related Deficits in Episodic Memory May Result from Decreased Responsiveness of Hippocampal Place Cells to Changes in Context." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 911, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06747.x.

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34

Givón, T. "Coherence in text, coherence in mind." Pragmatics and Cognition 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 171–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.1.2.01giv.

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This paper suggests that text coherence is a multi-factored affair that, ultimately, pertains to the mental organization of episodic memory, most likely as a partially-hierarchic mental structure. What text researchers usually describe as coherence is merely an artifact of the cognitive phenomenon. The role of grammatical clues in signalling text coherence is investigated, and it is suggested that the grammar processing channel merely supplements an evolutionarily older channel of lexically-guided (content-based) coherence. Coherence is both local and global, and both properties can be signalled by both processing channels (lexicon and grammar). Finally, the establishement of text coherence is a flexible, negotiable process, and this is true of both conversation and narrative.

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35

Lestienne, Rémy. "On the Limits of Time in the Brain." Kronoscope 13, no. 2 (2013): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685241-12341276.

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Abstract J.T. Fraser used to emphasize the uniqueness of the human brain in its capacity for apprehending the various dimensions of “nootemporality” (Fraser 1982 and 1987). Indeed, our brain allows us to sense the flow of time, to measure delays, to remember past events or to predict future outcomes. In these achievements, the human brain reveals itself far superior to its animal counterpart. Women and men are the only beings, I believe, who are able to think about what they will do the next day. This is because such a thought implies three intellectual abilities that are proper to mankind: the capacity to take their own thoughts as objects of their thinking, the ability of mental time travels—to the past thanks to their episodic memory or to the future—and the possibility to project very far into the future, as a consequence of their enlarged and complexified forebrain. But there are severe limits to our timing abilities of which we are often unaware. Our sensibility to the passing time, like other of our intellectual abilities, is often competing with other brain functions, because they use at least in part the same neural networks. This is particularly the case regarding attention. The deeper the level of attention required, the looser is our perception of the flow of time. When we pay attention to something, when we fix our attention, then our inner sense of the flux of time freezes. This limitation should not sound too unfamiliar to the reader of J.T. Fraser who wrote in his book Time, Conflict, and Human Values (1999) about “time as a nested hierarchy of unresolvable conflicts.”

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Oliveira, Marcus, and Rosana Pinto. "On the Relation between Memory and Language from a Cultural-historical Perspective in Neurolinguistics." southern semiotic review 2021 ii, no. 15 (December 31, 2021): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.33234/ssr.15.6.

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Abstract: In this essay, we reflect about the relationship between memory and language, conceiving both as complex functional systems, developed along the human history and strongly influenced by culture. We give special emphasis to the mediating role of signs, mainly based on the (neuro)psychological principles postulated by Vygotsky and Luria, but also in dialogue with several authors from the fields of Linguistics, Philosophy of Language and Semiotics, among which Mikhail Bakhtin, Aleida Assmann, Augusto Ponzio and Susan Petrilli. Two data are presented in order to contribute to our reflection – the first is extracted of a dialogical episode with a subject diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and the second episode with an aphasic individual. In sum, we argue that the cultural-historical approach may provide a better understanding of the interdependent and constitutive nature of the relationship between language and memory. Key-words: Memory, Language, Historical-Cultural perspective, Neurolinguistics, Semiotics

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37

Dutta, Dr Sagarika. "Traumatic History and Transcultural Memory: A Reading of Numair Atif Choudhury’s Babu Bangladesh in the context of Nation formation." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (2022): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.71.39.

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In the age of interdisciplinary studies Literary and Memory Studies is an emerging field of interest to young scholars and researchers. The manner in which Memory Studies interlink across various disciplines as history, geography, literature, psychology is worthy of exploring. Cultural memory entails convergence of fields such as cultural history, social psychology, media archaeology, political philosophy, comparative literature and relate past to the present. It is bifocal in nature since it leads to both remembering and forgetting. There are diverse ways in which Memory studies can be located in literary and media studies. My focus is to highlight how an exploration of memory studies further leads to a study of psychological trauma buried deep in the memory of an individual as well as its culture. The experience of undergoing the two World Wars, Holocaust, 9/11 episode, 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, political strife in Afghanistan are major areas that can be studied with the aid of memory studies. I shall highlight on this specific area of memory studies by contextualizing how memory operates by its twin process of remembering and forgetting to bring out the trauma of the civilians of East Pakistan who had witnessed the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. For this purpose Numair Atif Choudhary’s Babu Bangladesh (2019) is chosen to elucidate how the process of nation building is intrinsically connected to the present and past lives of its citizens. The narrative of formation of a new nation is continually questioned and reframed by the oral narratives of the generations of people who have witnessed its creation.

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Avanesov, Sergey S. "TRIUMPH OF SINGULARITY: MAN, WORLD AND CULTURE IN NIKOLAI BERDYAEV’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/43/1.

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The article investigates the problem of the mutual relationship of the autobiographical text, personal existence, and human culture. The subject of analysis is Nikolai Berdyaev’s book “Self-knowledge”. The research context is set by three initial positions: culture is made up of personal biographies; the connection of a private biography with a common human culture is carried out through an autobiography; cultural memory communicates to the facts of individual life the status of universally significant events that persist outside of time. On the example of Berdyaev’s autobiographical text, the purpose, structure, language, and motives of a philosophical autobiography are considered. The article shows that the leading motives of the author of “Self-knowledge” are the defense of singular existence and the fight against the destructive action of time. For Berdyaev, it is very important to emphasize the independence of the history of his personal life from the general history of the world, and also to free individual memory from its connection with chronology. Therefore, the autobiography does not list the facts in their historical sequence but shows the whole life at once and in its entirety. Further, the author of the autobiography not only records the events of the past but selects them for publication in his text: he retains in his memory only that which has a high value for culture. Finally, it is the autobiography that makes it possible to bridge the gap between the past and the present: all important events of the past are constantly relevant, which means they belong to eternity. Defragmentation of episodes, axiological selection of events, the relevance of the past – these are the results that are achieved on the path of the philosopher’s recollection of himself. Autobiography allows the philosopher to discover the uniqueness of his existence, but at the same time it reveals the imperfection of this existence to him. The power of time over human life is expressed as the threat of inevitable death that awaits every person in the future. Memory, according to Berdyaev, should become not only a tool for remembering the past but also a weapon in the fight against death. Victory over death is achieved through participation in the eternal meaning of culture, which the author discovers not in empirical history, but in his inner personal life. The ahistoricism of this meaning is emphasized by the nonlinear structure of the autobiographical text and the aphoristic nature of its language. In addition, the author sees himself in this text sub specie aeternitatis as an unchanging, eternal subject. The assertion of one’s own singularity and immutability, according to Berdyaev, turns out to be the main means of preserving universal human culture from destruction in time. Consequently, (1) autobiography is the most philosophical genre of all philosophical genres, (2) any philosopher can most successfully develop his doctrine only in the sphere of personal memories, (3) an autobiographical book is the main philosophical work of Berdyaev. It is in this book that the philosopher achieves the ideal of existential philosophy: the coincidence of personal life, individual thinking, text, and culture.

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39

West, Donna E. "The Operation of Peirce’s Pheme in Narrative Contexts." Contemporary Pragmatism 19, no. 4 (August 4, 2022): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-bja10051.

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Abstract Peirce’s Pheme directs interpretation of narratives via a “series of surprises” (ep2:154). The indexical and iconic elements inherent in Phemes are particularly potent in forcing attention and depicting relevant events. Index intrudes upon interpreters’ consciousness to notice the unexpected consequence; but icons exploit vividness. As imperatives, Phemes compel particular behaviors (1906: ms295). When narratives are portrayed in pictures, interpreters remember happenings in which Phemes feature surprising percepts, evoking an attentional response, and securing a confluence of events in memory. Findings from children’s narrations demonstrate that events represented by Phemes are more often included in children’s retellings, because surprising images command active participation. This viewpoint impels listeners to build episodes, ascribing meanings across events, and proposing rationale for novel outcomes.

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40

Everaert, Jonas, Janna N. Vrijsen, Renée Martin-Willett, Livia van de Kraats, and Jutta Joormann. "A meta-analytic review of the relationship between explicit memory bias and depression: Depression features an explicit memory bias that persists beyond a depressive episode." Psychological Bulletin 148, no. 5-6 (May 2022): 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000367.

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41

Domínguez, Martí. "Editorial." Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació, no. 10 (January 8, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/metode.10.16462.

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Science continues to face new challenges every day. Climate change, ensuring sustainable agriculture, opening up new ethical debates about genetic practices, the use of new digital spaces and information, etc. The first thematic monograph in this new volume of Mètode Science Studies Journal tackles our society’s most urgent challenges in building a sustainable future. And yet another challenge is the focus of another one of the monographs contained in this volume: understanding the complexity of our planet’s current biodiversity. Evolution is key to solve this question. These pages present us with different scenarios that help us to better understand how to tackle the new challenges faced by our planet’s species. However, addressing scientific challenges is not only about hoping for a bright future, but also about looking back and learning from our mistakes. Science has much to say about our memory; it can help us to better understand how we got here, and to successfully close episodes of our history. Learning about how the Commonwealth recovers and identifies the remains of fallen WWI soldiers might help us understand the outstanding debt that we owe to our own historical memory. Through the different articles in this monograph, we discuss how much forensic science can tell us about our history, from Roman times to the Spanish Civil War. After all, our past can reveal a great deal about our present and help us to understand exactly what challenges we face as scientists and as a society. That is why the issue devoted to the relationship established between scientists and the Nazi regime in the first half of the twentieth century is especially significant. What did the purges carried out by the Nazis mean for science? To what extent did the scientific community look the other way? Did they even take advantage of the situation? What was the relationship between Nazi ideals and some scientific postulates? The historian Christian Ingrao reminds us in his opening article that the vast majority of university professors (99% of them) continued working in Nazified institutions. If we are to solve current and potential challenges hoping for a better future, we must take a look at the past and learn both from the lighter and the darker shades of science.

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Millière, Raphaël, and Albert Newen. "Selfless Memories." Erkenntnis, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-022-00562-6.

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AbstractMany authors claim that being conscious constitutively involves being self-conscious, or conscious of oneself. This claim appears to be threatened by reports of ‘selfless’ episodes, or conscious episodes lacking self-consciousness, recently described in a number of pathological and nonpathological conditions. However, the credibility of these reports has in turn been challenged on the following grounds: remembering and reporting a past conscious episode as an episode that one went through is only possible if one was conscious of oneself while undergoing it. Call this the Memory Challenge. This paper argues that the Memory Challenge fails to undermine the credibility to reports of selfless episodes, because it rests on problematic assumptions about episodic memory. The paper further argues that we should distinguish between several kinds of self-representation that may be involved in the process of episodic remembering, and that once we do so, it is no longer mysterious how one could accurately remember and report a selfless episode as an episode that one went through. Thus, we should take reports of this kind seriously, and view them as credible counter-examples to the claim that consciousness constitutively involves self-consciousness.

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Henry, Jeremy, and Carl Craver. "Episodic memory and the witness trump card." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x17001376.

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AbstractWe accept Mahr & Csibra's (M&C's) causal claim that episodic memory provides humans with the means for evaluating the veracity of reports about non-occurrent events. We reject their evolutionary argument that this is the proper function of episodic memory. We explore three intriguing implications of the causal claim, for cognitive neuropsychology, comparative psychology, and philosophy.

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Hoerl, Christoph. "A knowledge-first approach to episodic memory." Synthese 200, no. 5 (September 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-03702-1.

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AbstractThis paper aims to outline, and argue for, an approach to episodic memory broadly in the spirit of knowledge-first epistemology. I discuss a group of influential views of epsiodic memory that I characterize as ‘two-factor accounts’, which have both proved popular historically (e.g., in the work of Hume, 1739-40; Locke 1690; and Russell 1921) and have also seen a resurgence in recent work on the philosophy of memory (see, e.g., Dokic 2014; Michaelian, 2016; Owens, 1996). What is common to them is that they try to give an account of the nature of episodic memory in which the concept of knowledge plays no explanatory role. I highlight some parallels between these two-factor accounts and attempts to give a reductive definition of knowledge itself. I then discuss some problems two-factor accounts of episodic memory face in explaining the distinctive sense in which episodic recollection involves remembering personally experienced past events, before sketching an alternative approach to episodic memory, which takes as basic the idea that episodic memory involves the retention of knowledge. I argue that we can give an exhaustive constitutive account of what episodic memory is, and how it differs from other types of mental states, by considering what particular type of knowledge is retained in episodic memory, and what exactly having that knowledge consists in.

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Boyle, Alexandria. "The mnemonic functions of episodic memory." Philosophical Psychology, September 16, 2021, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2021.1980520.

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Boyle, Alexandria. "Remembering events and representing time." Synthese, October 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-020-02896-6.

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Abstract Episodic memory—memory for personally experienced past events—seems to afford a distinctive kind of cognitive contact with the past. This makes it natural to think that episodic memory is centrally involved in our understanding of what it is for something to be in the past, or to be located in time—that it is either necessary or sufficient for such understanding. If this were the case, it would suggest certain straightforward evidential connections between temporal cognition and episodic memory in nonhuman animals. In this paper, I argue that matters are more complicated than this. Episodic memory is memory for events and not for the times they occupy. As such, it is dissociable from temporal understanding. This is not to say that episodic memory and temporal cognition are unrelated, but that the relationship between them cannot be straightforwardly captured by claims about necessity and sufficiency. This should inform our theoretical predictions about the manifestations of episodic memory in nonhuman behaviour.

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Mahr, Johannes B., and Gergely Csibra. "Why do we remember? The communicative function of episodic memory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41 (January 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x17000012.

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AbstractEpisodic memory has been analyzed in a number of different ways in both philosophy and psychology, and most controversy has centered on its self-referential,autonoeticcharacter. Here, we offer a comprehensive characterization of episodic memory in representational terms and propose a novel functional account on this basis. We argue that episodic memory should be understood as a distinctive epistemic attitude taken toward an event simulation. In this view, episodic memory has a metarepresentational format and should not be equated with beliefs about the past. Instead, empirical findings suggest that the contents of human episodic memory are often constructed in the service of the explicit justification of such beliefs. Existing accounts of episodic memory function that have focused on explaining its constructive character through its role in future-oriented mental time travel do justice neither to its capacity to ground veridical beliefs about the past nor to its representational format. We provide an account of the metarepresentational structure of episodic memory in terms of its role in communicative interaction. The generative nature of recollection allows us to represent and communicate the reasons why we hold certain beliefs about the past. In this process, autonoesis corresponds to the capacity to determine when and how to assert epistemic authority in making claims about the past. A domain where such claims are indispensable are human social engagements. Such engagements commonly require the justification of entitlements and obligations, which is often possible only by explicit reference to specific past events.

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W. Schulz, Armin, and Sarah Robins. "Episodic Memory, Simulated Future Planning, and their Evolution." Review of Philosophy and Psychology, January 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-021-00601-1.

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Stephens, Andreas, and Trond A. Tjøstheim. "The Cognitive Philosophy of Reflection." Erkenntnis, September 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-020-00299-0.

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Abstract Hilary Kornblith argues that many traditional philosophical accounts involve problematic views of reflection (understood as second-order mental states). According to Kornblith, reflection does not add reliability, which makes it unfit to underlie a separate form of knowledge. We show that a broader understanding of reflection, encompassing Type 2 processes, working memory, and episodic long-term memory, can provide philosophy with elucidating input that a restricted view misses. We further argue that reflection in fact often does add reliability, through generalizability, flexibility, and creativity that is helpful in newly encountered situations, even if the restricted sense of both reflection and knowledge is accepted. And so, a division of knowledge into one reflexive (animal) form and one reflective form remains a plausible, and possibly fruitful, option.

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Savarimuthu, Anisha, and R. Joseph Ponniah. "Episodic Events as Spatiotemporal Memory: The Sequence of Information in the Episodic Buffer of Working Memory for Language Comprehension." Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, July 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12124-022-09710-7.

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