Relevant bibliographies by topics / Episodes

Academic literature on the topic 'Episodes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Episodes"

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Yang, Hao, Lei Chen, Hong Liao, Jia Zhu, Wenjie Wang, and Xin Li. "Impacts of aerosol–photolysis interaction and aerosol–radiation feedback on surface-layer ozone in North China during multi-pollutant air pollution episodes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 6 (March 29, 2022): 4101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4101-2022.

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Abstract. We examined the impacts of aerosol–radiation interactions, including the effects of aerosol–photolysis interaction (API) and aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF), on surface-layer ozone (O3) concentrations during four multi-pollutant air pollution episodes characterized by high O3 and PM2.5 levels during 28 July to 3 August 2014 (Episode1), 8–13 July 2015 (Episode2), 5–11 June 2016 (Episode3), and 28 June to 3 July 2017 (Episode4) in North China, by using the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model embedded with an integrated process analysis scheme. Our results show that API and ARF reduced the daytime shortwave radiative fluxes at the surface by 92.4–102.9 W m−2 and increased daytime shortwave radiative fluxes in the atmosphere by 72.8–85.2 W m−2, as the values were averaged over the complex air pollution areas (CAPAs) in each of the four episodes. As a result, the stabilized atmosphere decreased the daytime planetary boundary layer height and 10 m wind speed by 129.0–249.0 m and 0.05–0.15 m s−1, respectively, in CAPAs in the four episodes. Aerosols were simulated to reduce the daytime near-surface photolysis rates of J[NO2] and J[O1D] by 1.8 × 10−3–2.0 × 10−3 and 5.7 × 10−6–6.4 × 10−6 s−1, respectively, in CAPAs in the four episodes. All of the four episodes show the same conclusion, which is that the reduction in O3 by API is larger than that by ARF. API (ARF) was simulated to change daytime surface-layer O3 concentrations by −8.5 ppb (parts per billion; −2.9 ppb), −10.3 ppb (−1.0 ppb), −9.1 ppb (−0.9 ppb), and −11.4 ppb (+0.7 ppb) in CAPAs of the four episodes, respectively. Process analysis indicated that the weakened O3 chemical production made the greatest contribution to API effect, while the reduced vertical mixing was the key process for ARF effect. Our conclusions suggest that future PM2.5 reductions may lead to O3 increases due to the weakened aerosol–radiation interactions, which should be considered in air quality planning.
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Sabharwal, Alka, Sakshi Kaushik, and Gurprit Grover. "PREDICTION OF INTER EPISODIC TIME FOR RECURRING MENTAL ILLNESS USING ORDER STATISTICS." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.720.

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Recurrent episodes are common across various mental disorders. Information on time to next episode, also referred as inter episodic times, provides a valuable tool for planning and evaluating the health outcomes of treatment in patients and developing effective preventive maintenance therapy. The objective is to obtain the prediction interval for the future inter episodic time when the number of previous episodes for a patient is small and inter episodic times are dependent. A data of 28 patients with a history of 3 or more recurring episodes of illness is extracted from a retrospective data of 146 patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders. The prediction interval for time to occurrence of next episode is obtained using order statistics assuming that it will follow the order followed by previous inter episodic times. The validity of the results is verified using simulation studies with data generated using covariance structure of the real dataset. From the simulation studies, we found that more than 80% of the simulated inter episodic times lie in the simulated prediction intervals. This paper is highly beneficial to medical health professionals to predict time to next episode for patients with few previously known episodes of the concerned disease. The study has an implication to rare diseases where generally small database (patients) is available.
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Wilton, James, Mei Chong, Younathan Abdia, Roy Purssell, Aaron MacInnes, Tara Gomes, Richard C. Dart, et al. "Cohort profile: development and characteristics of a retrospective cohort of individuals dispensed prescription opioids for non-cancer pain in British Columbia, Canada." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043586.

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PurposePrescription opioids (POs) are widely prescribed for chronic non-cancer pain but are associated with several risks and limited long-term benefit. Large, linked data sources are needed to monitor their harmful effects. We developed and characterised a retrospective cohort of people dispensed POs.ParticipantsWe used a large linked administrative database to create the Opioid Prescribing Evaluation and Research Activities cohort of individuals dispensed POs for non-cancer pain in British Columbia (BC), Canada (1996–2015). We created definitions to categorise episodes of PO use based on a review of the literature (acute, episodic, chronic), developed an algorithm for inferring clinical indication and assessed patterns of PO use across a range of characteristics.Findings to dateThe current cohort includes 1.1 million individuals and 3.4 million PO episodes (estimated to capture 40%–50% of PO use in BC). The majority of episodes were acute (81%), with most prescribed for dental or surgical pain. Chronic use made up 3% of episodes but 88% of morphine equivalents (MEQ). Across the acute to episodic to chronic episode gradient, there was an increasing prevalence of higher potency POs (hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine), long-acting formulations and chronic pain related indications (eg, back, neck, joint pain). Average daily dose (MEQ) was similar for acute/episodic but higher for chronic episodes. Approximately 7% of the cohort had a chronic episode and chronic pain was the characteristic most strongly associated with chronic PO use. Individuals initiating a chronic episode were also more likely to have higher social/material deprivation and previous experience with a mental health condition or a problem related to alcohol or opioid use. Overall, these findings suggest our episode definitions have face validity and also provide insight into characteristics of people initiating chronic PO therapy.Future plansThe cohort will be refreshed every 2 years. Future analyses will explore the association between POs and adverse outcomes.
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Song, Andrew Jehyun, Arianna Kee, Jared Minetola, Karen Walsh, Valerie P. Csik, Amy Leader, and Vittorio Maio. "Pursuit of performance: An exploration of predictors associated with achieving performance based payments for breast cancer episodes under the Oncology Care Model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e18035-e18035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e18035.

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e18035 Background: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) captures patient costs in a 6-month episode triggered by administration of systemic therapy. Most breast cancer (BC) patients will receive systemic therapy, with variations depending on stage and hormonal status, which makes BC an ideal indication to study costs in the OCM. Practices earn performance based payments (PBP) if aggregate episodic expenditures are managed below set target prices. We investigated predictors for episodic expenditures exceeding target prices, thus reducing potential for PBP. Methods: We identified BC episodes with non-decedent beneficiaries attributable to our academic medical center from OCM Reconciliation Reports during 7/1/16-6/30/17. Cohorts were defined as episodes whose costs were above target (Cohort 1) and those below (Cohort 2). The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test was used to compare actual and target episode expenditure between cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess association of maintaining costs below target due to various predictors. Results: A total of 369 episodes were included in the study, with 124 episodes in Cohort 1 and 245 in Cohort 2. Median actual and target episode expenditures were higher in Cohort 1 (actual: $23,466 vs. $2,691, p < 0.0001; target: $8,425 vs. $5,870, p < 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression, episodes were more likely to be below target if novel therapies, Part B drugs, or inpatient admissions were not utilized, controlling for other predictors (see Table). Conclusions: Large disparities exist for both actual expenditures and target prices for BC episodes in the OCM. Novel therapies, Part B drugs, and inpatient admissions are negatively associated with maintaining episode expenditures below target. Risk-adjustments for these expenditures need to be overhauled in OCM to accurately capture costs associated with management of cancer patients, and provide practical target prices for institutions to continue delivery of value based care. [Table: see text]
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Newell, William James. "How buyer roles and critical times affect buyer-supplier exchange episodes." IMP Journal 11, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 376–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imp-03-2017-0013.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine how buyer-supplier episodes are characterised by their dimensions of time and social space, and how these dimensions interact to impact the criticality of an episode; second, to explore how time and social space create patterns of episodes that lead to buyer-supplier relationship change and continuity; and third, to examine the social space by the different roles that the buyer assumes among their episodes, while focusing on the concept of critical time to denote the temporal context. Design/methodology/approach A case study of a small retailer and five suppliers is employed. The primary data are e-mail communications between the buying and selling firms, along with a two-week field study at the retailer’s location. A total of 2,000 e-mails are coded to yield 75 episodes for the analysis. Findings The criticality of episodes differs depending on the role that the buyer assumes, and whether the episode occurs within a critical time period. The social space affects the type of criticality, while critical times enhance an episode’s criticality. This study outlines five different patterns of episodes occurring within critical times and across social spaces that characterise each of the buyer-supplier relationships. Research limitations/implications This paper focuses on e-mail communication, with little data on interactions occurring outside of this medium. Originality/value To the researcher’s knowledge, this paper is the first to link specific patterns of episode characteristics to the concept of buyer roles. It also examines episodes using e-mail communication, which is not a common source within the IMP research stream.
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Olszewski, Thomas D., and Mark E. Patzkowsky. "Evaluating taxonomic turnover: Pennsylvanian–Permian brachiopods and bivalves of the North American Midcontinent." Paleobiology 27, no. 4 (2001): 646–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0646:ettppb>2.0.co;2.

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Using museum and literature data, we characterize faunal turnover in bivalves and brachiopods of the North American Midcontinent over approximately 12.5 Myr spanning the Pennsylvanian/Permian boundary. The two groups experienced indistinguishable rates of background faunal turnover but differed in the type and timing of elevated turnover episodes. Bivalves underwent an episode of elevated first appearance in the Missourian Series whereas brachiopods underwent an episode of elevated disappearance in the Wolfcampian Series. In neither group does turnover history strongly correlate to long-term changes in basinal lithofacies, which reflect evolution of regional climate. Comparison with other time intervals and basins suggests that magnitude and frequency of turnover episodes during the late Paleozoic was intermediate between the more episodic early Paleozoic and less episodic Mesozoic.
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Sutherland, Amanda, Emily Boudreau, Andy Bowe, Qian Huang, Joshua M. Liao, Matthew Flagg, Deborah Cousins, et al. "Association Between a Bundled Payment Program for Lower Extremity Joint Replacement and Patient Outcomes Among Medicare Advantage Beneficiaries." JAMA Health Forum 4, no. 6 (June 25, 2023): e231495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.1495.

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ImportanceMuch of the evidence for bundled payments has been drawn from models in the traditional Medicare program. Although private insurers are increasingly offering bundled payment programs, it is not known whether they are associated with changes in episode spending and quality.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether a voluntary bundled payment program offered by a national Medicare Advantage insurer was associated with changes in episode spending or quality of care for beneficiaries receiving lower extremity joint replacement (LEJR) surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of 23 034 LEJR surgical episodes that emulated a stepped-wedge design by using the time-varying, geographically staggered rollout of the bundled payment program from January 1, 2012, to September 30, 2019. Episode-level multivariable regression models were estimated within practice to compare changes before and after program participation, using episodes at physician practices that had not yet begun participating in the program during a given time period (but would go on to do so) as the control. Data analyses were performed from July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022.ExposuresPhysician practice participation in the bundled payment program.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was episode spending (plan and beneficiary). Secondary outcomes included postacute care use (skilled nursing facility and home health care), surgical setting (inpatient vs outpatient), and quality (90-day complications [including deep vein thrombosis, wound infection, fracture, or dislocation] and readmissions).ResultsThe final analytic sample included 23 034 LEJR episodes (6355 bundled episodes and 16 679 control episodes) from 109 physician practices participating in the program. Of the beneficiaries, 7730 were male and 15 304 were female, 3057 were Black, 19 351 were White, 447 were of other race or ethnicity (assessed according to the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services beneficiary race and ethnicity code, which reflects data reported to the Social Security Administration), and 179 were of unknown race and ethnicity. The mean (SD) age was 70.9 (7.2) years. Participation in the bundled payment program was associated with a 2.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-4.1%) decrease in spending per episode (mean episodic spending, $21 964 [95% CI, $21 636-$22 296] vs $22 562 [95% CI, $22 346-$22 779]), as well as reductions in skilled nursing facility use after discharge (21.3% for bundled episodes vs 25.0% for control episodes; odds ratio [OR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-0.98]) and increased use of the outpatient surgical setting (14.1% for bundled episodes vs 8.4% for control episodes; OR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.53-2.09]). The program was not associated with changes in quality outcomes, including 90-day complications (8.8% for bundled episodes vs 8.6% for control episodes; OR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.86-1.20]) and readmissions (4.3% for bundled episodes vs 4.6% for control episodes; OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.75-1.13]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of an LEJR bundled payment program offered by a national Medicare Advantage insurer, findings suggest that physician practice participation in the program was associated with a decrease in episode spending without changes in quality. Bundled payments offered by private insurers, including Medicare Advantage plans, are an alternate payment option to fee for service that may reduce spending for LEJR episodes while maintaining quality of care.
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Xiong, Jennifer, Puneeth Indurlal, Hope Ives, Judi Payne-De Bock, Chad Adams, Ramzi Abujamra, Brian Turnwald, Stuart Staggs, Jason Altieri, and Rajini Manjunath. "The impact of seasonality with hierarchical condition category coding on Oncology Care Model performance for the U.S. Oncology Network." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.066.

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66 Background: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a 6-month, episode-based, Medicare value-based care program, which rewards practices for decreasing the total cost of care (TCOC) compared to a trend adjusted predicted baseline called the benchmark price. The predicted baseline and trend factor are a function of 14 covariates in a generalized linear model with a log link and gamma distribution. Select non-cancer comorbidities, represented by a subset of Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) flags assigned to the episode in the calendar year when the episode initiates, is a major covariate of the linear model. Patient episodes with one or more HCC flags are expected to have higher episode expenditures and receive a higher adjustment to the benchmark. Here, we seek to describe the seasonality of HCC flags and its impact on the benchmark for OCM episodes in The US Oncology Network (The Network). Methods: All eligible OCM episodes data from 14 practices in The Network participating in the OCM for performance periods (PP) 3-9 were analyzed to measure the average number of HCC flags per episode. The relative contribution of HCC flags to the benchmark was calculated by unraveling the linear model. The difference of the average HCC flags, benchmark, and relative contribution of HCC flags to the benchmark for episodes starting in different quarters of the calendar year were evaluated. Results: Average HCC flags for episodes showed a seasonal decline during each calendar year, with episodes initiating during the first quarter of a calendar year having 16.25% higher HCC flags, compared to those in the last quarter (1.93 vs 1.66 flags). The benchmark and the relative contribution of the HCC flags to the episode benchmark were lower in the last quarter of the year (4% and 16.5% respectively) compared to the first quarter. Episode expenditures did not show a similar seasonality pattern. Conclusions: The assignment of HCC flags based on the episode initiation date, leads to a seasonality effect on the average HCC flags and benchmark for episodes initiating in different parts of the calendar year. The seasonality results from a progressively abbreviated period available to assign HCC flags for episodes initiating later in the calendar year. We also hypothesize that the annual reporting requirement for HCC flags, and risk adjustment coding by professionals at the start of each new calendar year, contributes to this seasonality. The financial impact of seasonality on episodic value-based care model benchmarks necessitates a modified, non-seasonal approach to comorbidity-based risk adjustment.
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Aldridge, Anthony E. "Brachiopod outline and episodic growth." Paleobiology 25, no. 4 (1999): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300020339.

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Accretionary outlines of many brachiopods are closely matched by one or more episodes of logarithmic spiral growth where each episode has a constant growth gradient. An episodic model supports the observations of abrupt change, but not that of gradual change in accretionary growth. A reliable guide to the number of growth episodes is given by the pattern of residuals after fitting a single spiral to an outline. An episodic model exposes subtle variations in growth that are not easily described by visual examination. A three-episode model clarifies a shape difference between two species of the endemic New Zealand genus Neothyris. Direct observation, along with linear measurements and their ratios, was unable to pinpoint that the well-documented dorsoventral compression in one species arises from a growth episode in the ventral valve. Logarithmic spirals about a single coiling axis are not suited for large, disjunct changes in outline for which the moving-frame methods or aperture-deposition models are applicable.
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Chagani, Hasina Suleman, and Kalimuddin Aziz. "Clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever in Pakistan." Cardiology in the Young 13, no. 1 (February 2003): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951103000064.

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We designed a multi-hospital prospective study of children less than 12 years to determine the comparative clinical profile, severity of carditis, and outcome on follow up of patients suffering an initial and recurrent episodes of acute rheumatic fever. The study extended over a period of 3 years, with diagnosis based on the Jones criteria. We included 161 children in the study, 57 having only one episode and 104 with recurrent episodes. Those seen in the first episode were differentiated from those with recurrent episodes on the basis of the history. The severity of carditis was graded by clinical and echocardiographic means. In those suffering their first episode, carditis was significantly less frequent (61.4%) compared to those having recurrent episodes (96.2%). Arthritis was more marked in the first episode (61.4%) compared to recurrent episodes (36.5%). Chorea was also significantly higher in the first episode (15.8%) compared to recurrent episodes (3.8%). Sub-cutaneous nodules were more-or-less the same in those suffering the first (7%) as opposed to recurrent episodes (5.8%), but Erythema marginatum was more marked during the first episode (3.5%), being rare in recurrent episodes at 0.9%. Fever was recorded in approximately the same numbers in first (45.6%) and recurrent episodes (48.1%). Arthralgia, in contrast, was less frequent in first (21.1%) compared to recurrent episodes (32.7%). A history of sore throat was significantly increased amongst those suffering the first episode (54.4%) compared to recurrent episodes (21.2%). When we compared the severity of carditis in the first versus recurrent episodes, at the start of study mild carditis was found in 29.8% versus 10.6%, moderate carditis in 26.3% versus 53.8%, and severe carditis in 5.3% versus 31.8% of cases, respectively. At the end of study, 30.3% of patients suffering their first episode were completely cured of carditis, and all others showed significant improvement compared to those with recurrent episodes, where only 6.8% were cured, little improvement or deterioration being noted in the remainder of the patients. We conclude that the clinical profile of acute rheumatic fever, especially that of carditis, is milder in those suffering their first attack compared to those with recurrent episodes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Episodes"

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Jag, Shaani. "Narrativising Episodic Memory: From Memory Episodes to Micronarratives." Thesis, School of Liberal Arts, 2023. https://ro.uow.edu.au/tharts/7.

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In the current literature on Episodic Memory (EM), mental representations are often assumed to stand out as the main view that promises to explain how we experience past personal events. However, proponents of Radical Enactive Cognition (REC) have argued that this view is empirically and theoretically inadequate due to issues with misremembering - failure to recall events in the past accurately - and the Hard Problem of Content (HPC) (Hutto & Myin 2013, 2017). This thesis aims to utilise REC’s already established framework and narrative formulations of memory to provide the tools needed to characterise episodic memory. The thesis turns to Narrativist Accounts (Gallagher 2008, 2003; Gallagher & Hutto 2008; Hutto 2016, Nelson & Fivush 2004; Rudd 2012; Schechtman 1996) and takes notice of the various capacities and requirements needed under these views and how they can serve as a model that can account for EM. However, under a Narrativist Account (NA), episodic memory is always embedded within autobiographical narratives. This raises the question of whether NAs can make room for any kind of episodic memory when conditions such as coherence, temporality and achievement of specific narrative capacities are required. By drawing from research on Dementia, Alzheimer’s, PTSD and Depression, along with non-pathological scenarios, this thesis demonstrates that stronger and moderate narrativist accounts do not provide room for explaining episodic memory. l propose that episodic experiences of the personal past can be seen in a different light when understood as Micronarratives. Micronarratives are marked out by being fixed or resistant to updating while identifying with a particular event in the past, even if it is not in the form of an accurate or true description. l defend that episodic memory, in this view, is not confronted with the same problems and offers a viable alternative.
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Guney, Diyana. "Episodes of Feelings." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289220.

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Exploring narrative driven architecture.Architecture has been used as a physical medium that goes beyond providing shelter, but also to tell stories or document historical epochs. The architectural structures of old were designed to give its visitors an experience steeped in narrative such as biblical scriptures or even engender feelings of awe as they passed through a space. This is evident in the well established culture of architecture being something you experience, not merely a thing viewed through images. A building can not speak to you without you being beside or inside it. Architecture is an experience, an adventure and it is storytelling. “ Understanding nor organising are not enough nor necessary” (John Hejduk). This project was an opportunity for me to go after my dreams and passion of exploring storytelling through architecture. My love for film and cinema, fairytales, magic and myths. To somehow connect architecture to my passion of storytelling, whilst being challenging, has taken me to places unknown and helped me rediscover architecture, space and the human itself. The project is not about creating space for purpose, or purpose out of space, it is an experimentation of how space and design can be formed solely based on a narrative and the narratives view and understanding of the world. Is it not a psychoanalysis but merely an adventure where I invite you to feel and understand a person and his feelings through the help of architecture and design. The space will tell you everything that you need to think about.
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Bioque, Alcázar Miquel. "Neuroinflammation in first episodes of psychosis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125776.

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Around 3% of the general population suffers a first episode of psychosis (FEP). The population of FEPs represents a unique opportunity to study psychotic disorders in general and schizophrenia in particular, avoiding confounding variables such as antipsychotic treatment, comorbidity and chronicity. Several hypotheses that involve the immune system and neuroinflammatory processes have been proposed as etiological explanations of psychosis. Most of the available scientific evidence has been found in populations with established schizophrenia. Few studies indicate alterations, often subtle, in inflammatory/immune mediators and oxidative/nitrosative stress in FEPs. One of the main anti-inflammatory endogenous regulatory systems is the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which has been proposed as a major homeostatic system at various neuropathological scenarios, reducing both neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory damage. Several studies have linked the ECS in patients with psychotic disorders. Furthermore, exogenous cannabis is one of the major environmental risk factors related to psychosis. In a first study, 117 FEPs showed systemic inflammatory conditions compared to 106 healthy controls, identifying a significant increase in some intracellular components of the NFKB proinflammatory pathway, together with a significant reduction in the anti-inflammatory components of the 15d-PGJ2/PPARy pathway. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 in PBMC and plasma levels of Homocysteine were identified as the most reliable risk factors, and IκBα and the 15d-PGJ2 as potential protective factors. These results indicate robust phenotypic differences at cellular machinery in PBMC of patients with a FEP. Due to its soluble nature, one notable finding of this study is that the anti-inflammatory mediator 15d- PGJ2 could be used as a plasma biomarker of FEPs. A second study reinforced the evidence of systemic inflammatory changes after a 6-month follow-up of the sample of FEPs. After 6 months, most of the soluble elements analyzed were significantly altered, suggesting the existence of a greater pro/anti-inflammatory imbalance and potentially more harmful, as showed the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) found. NO2- plasma levels and TBARS and COX-2 expression were the most reliable risk factors, while plasma levels of 15d-PGJ2 functioned as a protective factor. There was an interesting correlation between antipsychotic dose and the change of PGE2 (inverse) and 15d-PGJ2 (direct).There was also an inverse association between the GAF scale and TBARS. In a third study, a peripheral ECS dysregulation in patients with a FEP was described. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index and cannabis use, the FEP group showed a significantly reduced expression of the main synthesis enzymes (NAPE and DAGL) and increased degradation enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). The subgroup of patients with a history of heavy cannabis users showed lower CB2 receptor, NAPE and DAGL expression compared with the control group. No significant differences were found with non-users/sporadic subgroup. Although more evidence is needed, this research shows how the determination of several components of the pro/anti-inflammatory pathways and the ECS has an interesting potential as biomarkers risk/protective biomarkers of suffering a FEP. Despite the limitations, the studies of this thesis have identified conditions of vulnerability to suffer a FEP related to pro/anti-inflammatory pathways and peripheral ECS components in a very well characterized sample of FEPs.
Alrededor del 3% de la población general sufre un primer episodio de psicosis (PEP) a lo largo de su vida. Esta población es única para estudiar los trastornos psicóticos y la esquizofrenia, evitándose las principales variables de confusión. Varias hipótesis que implican al sistema inmune y procesos neuroinflamatorios se han propuesto como explicaciones etiológicas de la psicosis. La mayoría de estas evidencias se han encontrado en poblaciones con esquizofrenia establecida. Uno de los principales sistemas antiinflamatorios reguladores endógenos es el sistema endocannabinoide (SEC). Varios estudios lo han relacionado con los trastornos psicóticos. Además consumir cannabis uno de los factores de riesgo ambientales de psicosis más importantes y estudiados. En un primer estudio con 117 PEPs y 106 controles se evidenciaron condiciones inflamatorias sistémicas en los PEPs, identificando un aumento significativo de componentes de la vía de proinflamatoria principal del NFKB, junto con una disminución de la vía antiinflamatoira del 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ. Un hallazgo notable fue que el mediador antiinflamatorio 15d-PGJ2 podría ser utilizado como biomarcador plasmático de los PEPs. En un segundo estudio se reforzó la evidencia de alteraciones inflamatorias sistémicas en los PEPs. Tras 6 meses, la gran mayoría de los elementos solubles analizados ya aparecieron alterados de manera significativa, sugiriendo un mayor desequilibrio pro/anti-inflamatorio, potencialmente más dañino. En un tercer estudio se describió una disregulación periférica del SEC en los PEPs. Después de controlar por factores de confusión, el grupo de PEPs mostró una expresión reducida de las principales enzimas de síntesis (NAPE y DAGL) y un aumento de la degradación (FAAH y MAGL). El subgrupo de pacientes con antecedentes de consumo de cannabis importante mostró una menor expresión del receptor CB2, NAPE y DAGL en comparación con el grupo control, sin diferenciarse del subgrupo de no usuarios/esporádicos. La determinación de varios componentes de pro/antiinflamatorios y del SEC tiene un interesante potencial como marcadores biológicos y factores de riesgo/protección del PEP. A pesar de las limitaciones, los estudios que componen esta tesis han identificado condiciones de vulnerabilidad a sufrir un PEP relacionadas con vías pro/antiinflamatorias y el SEC periférico en una muestra muy bien caracterizada.
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Korman, Lorne. "Changes in clients' emotion episodes in therapy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0019/NQ27300.pdf.

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Robertson, Helen. "POISE : Prediction of imminent sleep apnoea episodes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510870.

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Philburn, R. "Facework in English and German sociable episodes." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2163/.

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This research focuses on cross-cultural differences in facework between English and German conversation. Specifically, the research addresses facework occurring as part and parcel of sociable conversation, as it is played out within moments of focused topic development - what I term 'sociable episodes'. Drawing on extant literature, the study identifies a range of communicative parameters along which English and German communicative style has been shown to differ, non more so than those suggesting different facework norms, and orientation to face needs as opposed to such things as ideational aspects of talk. In an attempt to address these differences, the study develops a model of facework - facework as alignment -which is posited as being appropriate to the study of essentially apolite conversational interaction. Further, although utilising the notions of ritual equilibrium (Goffman 1967) and positive - negative aspects of face (Brown and Levinson), the posited model of facework focuses specifically on aspects of sociable selfhood informing sociable conversation. It is argued that facework in sociable episodes is a matter of positive and negative alignment of sociable selves in and through the claiming of solidarity with and autonomy from other co-participants in terms of expressions of definitions, evaluations, experiences. In terms of English - German differences, these are demonstrated to be a matter of alignment of different sociable selves, ones normatively and routinely positively and negatively aligned in the achievement of sociable conversation, and ones indexing prevailing but culturally differing positive social values (Goffman 1967). The study concludes by identifying areas for future research based on the facework as alignment model developed and applied throughout the thesis.
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Barkow, Katrin, Wolfgang Maier, T. Bedirhan Üstün, Michael Gänsicke, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Reinhard Heun. "Risk factors for new depressive episodes in primary health care." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103618.

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Background. Studies that examined community samples have reported several risk factors for the development of depressive episodes. The few studies that have been performed on primary care samples were mostly cross-sectional. Most samples had originated from highly developed industrial countries. This is the first study that prospectively investigates the risk factors of depressive episodes in an international primary care sample. Methods. A stratified primary care sample of initially non-depressed subjects (N = 2445) from 15 centres from all over the world was examined for the presence or absence of a depressive episode (ICD-10) at the 12 month follow-up assessment. The initial measures addressed sociodemographic variables, psychological/psychiatric problems and social disability. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine their relationship with the development of new depressive episodes. Results. At the 12-month follow-up, 4·4% of primary care patients met ICD-10 criteria for a depressive episode. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the recognition by the general practitioner as a psychiatric case, repeated suicidal thoughts, previous depressive episodes, the number of chronic organic diseases, poor general health, and a full or subthreshold ICD-10 disorder were related to the development of new depressive episodes. Conclusions. Psychological/psychiatric problems were found to play the most important role in the prediction of depressive episodes while sociodemographic variables were of lower importance. Differences compared with other studies might be due to our prospective design and possibly also to our culturally different sample. Applied stratification procedures, which resulted in a sample at high risk of developing depression, might be a limitation of our study.
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Korolija, Natascha. "Episodes in talk : Constructing coherence in multiparty conversation." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Tema, Univ, 1998. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp98/arts171s.htm.

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Chan, Yau-cheong Ian, and 陳有昌. "Characterizing crustal melt episodes in the Himalayan orogen." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206505.

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Extensive studies have been undertaking in exploring the tectonic evolution of the Himalayan Orogen. Various tectonic models were developed to explain and constraint spatially and temporally critical events including the collision of Indian Plate with the Eurasia Plate, crustal thickening in association with the indentation, crustal spreading of the Tibetan Plateau. Recent study by King et al., 2011 identified two distinct leucogranite suites which were formed by contrasting tectonic actions at Sakya. They are Equigranular Anastomosing Leucogranite (AEG) formed under prograde fluidpresent condition while the Discrete Porphyritic Pluton Leucogranite (DPP) formed with retro-grade fluid-absent environment. Based on the characteristics of AEG and DPP, this study started with the acquisition of geochemistry data of rock samples collected for researches at various locations of the Himalaya Orogen. The two leucogranite suites were characterized through the study of their geochemistry comprised major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements models. Results of the studies concluded the existence of AEGs and DPPs distributed over the eastern area of the Himalaya Orogen beyond longitude 85 degree East. DPPs are also found at the far West location of the orogen. AEGs are typically formed from around 38Ma to 23Ma, while DPPs are of young age from 23Ma to 15Ma. Based on the observation of missing, or paucity in data for AEG and DPPs available to the west of longitude 85 degree East, it is hypothesized that recent collision of the Arabia plate to the Iran Domain inhibited the northward indentation movement of the Indian plate that not only caused the anticlockwise rotation of the Indian plate but also decreased the rate of tectonic movement of the Indian plate in the West relative to Eurasia plate. The slow rate of tectonic movement may result in insufficient thickening/energy developed within the crustal layer to cause any melting. Further studies to examine and development of the hypothesis is recommended.
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Applied Geosciences
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Darragh, Paul Mervyn. "Epidemiological observations on episodes of communicable psychogenic illness." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356879.

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Books on the topic "Episodes"

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Martin, Suzanne. Episodes. Montréal, Qué: Editions HRW, 1987.

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Edward, Isaacs. Episodes. Sheffield [England]: Walker & Carson, 1997.

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Pierre, Delattre. Episodes. St. Paul, Minn: Graywolf Press, 1993.

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Viton, Jean-Jacques. Episodes. Paris: P.O.L., 1990.

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Linaweaver, Brad. Sliders: The episode guide : the classic episodes. New York: TV Books, 1998.

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Carlo, Ginzburg, ed. Episodes: A memorybook. London: Frances Lincoln, 2010.

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Jesus, Companions of. Episodes of enlightenment. New York: Vantage Press, 1993.

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Wolfe, Edwin. Episodes with Gurdjieff. Birmingham, Ala: RMSG Press, 2002.

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Episodes: Een romance. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij, 2007.

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Wolfe, Thomas. The Starwick episodes. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Episodes"

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Low, Anthony. "Episodes." In Sovereigns and Surrogates, 298–329. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11565-5_11.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Normal Pupils: A Key Linkage in the Social World of Primary Classrooms." In First Episodes, 48–67. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-7.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Episodes in the Emergence of a Deviant Career: Gavin (School A)." In First Episodes, 95–138. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-11.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Introduction: Social Interaction in Schools and Classrooms." In First Episodes, 3–6. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-2.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "The Social Construction of Pupils in Relation to a Critical Boundary: Normality-Deviance." In First Episodes, 68–76. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-8.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Identities in Interaction: The Construction of Identities in Classroom Episodes." In First Episodes, 77–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-9.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Central Concepts in Person Formulation." In First Episodes, 19–25. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-4.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Episodes in the Emergence of a Deviant Career: Alan (School B)." In First Episodes, 139–80. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-12.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Social Processes in Primary Classrooms: An Interpretative Framework from a Study of Deviant Careers." In First Episodes, 181–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-13.

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Waterhouse, Stephen R. "Episodes in the Emergence of a Normal Career: Dawn (School B)." In First Episodes, 232–42. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003328643-18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Episodes"

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Maier, David, Michael Grossniklaus, Sharmadha Moorthy, and Kristin Tufte. "Capturing episodes." In the 6th ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2335484.2335485.

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Tatti, Nikolaj, and Boris Cule. "Mining Closed Strict Episodes." In 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2010.89.

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Nogueira, Tales P., and Hervé Martin. "Querying semantic trajectory episodes." In SIGSPATIAL'15: 23rd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2834126.2834136.

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Siozos, Angelos, Fragiskos Markozanes, Georgios Gagaras, Iliana Polychroni, Konstantinos Laios, Sotirios Arsenis, Vasiliki Roussi, and Christina Papaioannou. "The Snowball Earth Episodes." In International Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023026064.

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Alinovi, Davide, Luca Cattani, Gianluigi Ferrari, Francesco Pisani, and Riccardo Raheli. "Video simulation of apnoea episodes." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmew.2015.7169869.

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Harrison, T., A. L. Fuhlbrigge, M. Fagerås, A. Jauhiainen, L. E. J. M. Scheepers, J. Zangrilli, and C. A. Da Silva. "Benralizumab Reduces Asthma Worsening Episodes." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a7087.

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Mooney, Carl H., and John F. Roddick. "Mining Relationships Between Interacting Episodes." In Proceedings of the 2004 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972740.1.

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Mõttus, Mati, David Lamas, and Darja Tokranova. "Evaluating Aesthetics During Interaction Episodes." In the 2014 Mulitmedia, Interaction, Design and Innovation International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2643572.2643583.

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Lee, Yue-Shi, and Show-Jane Yen. "The Maintenance of Frequent Episodes." In 2022 International Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence (TAAI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taai57707.2022.00011.

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Wei, Chih-Ping, Yen-Hsien Lee, Yu-Sheng Chiang, Jyun-Da Chen, and Christopher C. C. Yang. "Discovering event episodes from news corpora." In the 11th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1593254.1593265.

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Reports on the topic "Episodes"

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Swanson, David. Stability of ice wedges in Alaska's Arctic National Parks, 1951-2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293324.

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Ice-wedge polygons are a striking and widespread feature of the arctic landscape. Ice wedges are vulnerable to thaw because they are nearly pure ice bodies near the surface, with little insulating overlying material. Ice-wedge polygon monitoring is a part of the permafrost monitoring program for the National Park Services Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network (ARCN, the five National Park units in northern Alaska). The present report is a re-analysis of ice-wedge condition in three study areas, based on satellite images taken in 2019 and 2020 (sampling episode 3). Results are compared to previous analyses based on aerial photographs from 1950-51 (episode 1) and satellite images from 2006-2009 (episode 2). Significant ice-wedge degradation occurred between sampling episodes 1 and 2 in one of the study areas (in Kobuk Valley National Park, KOVA). Sampling episode 3 revealed relatively minor changes from episode 2 in all three areas. This is somewhat surprising given the record warm temperatures that occurred between sampling episodes 2 and 3. Apparently the recent warming did not cross any thresholds that would trigger immediate and widespread visible changes in ice wedges, or insufficient time has elapsed since the recent onset of warmer temperatures in 2014. However, the effects of previous ice-wedge degradation continued to be manifested in new drainage channels that formed by linkage of pits from previous ice-wedge degradation. The Noatak National Preserve (NOAT) study area was affected by wildfires in 1977 and 2010, and comparison of burned to unburned areas in subsequent sampling episodes failed to show significant new ice-wedge degradation brought about by these fires.
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Forbes, Kristin, and Francis Warnock. Debt- and Equity-Led Capital Flow Episodes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18329.

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Reinhart, Carmen, and Kenneth Rogoff. Recovery from Financial Crises: Evidence from 100 Episodes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19823.

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Kliesen, Kevin L. A Comparison of Fed "Tightening" Episodes since the 1980s. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2020.003.

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Cohen, Paul, Brent Heeringa, and Niall Adams. An Unsupervised Algorithm for Segmenting Categorical Timeseries into Episodes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461169.

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Aizenman, Joshua, Yothin Jinjarak, Hien Thi Kim Nguyen, and Donghyun Park. Large Fiscal Episodes and Sustainable Development: Some International Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28740.

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Aizenman, Joshua, Yothin Jinjarak, Donghyun Park, and Hien Nguyen. Large Fiscal Episodes and Sustainable Development: Some International Evidence. Asian Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210523-2.

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Jacobi, William R., Brian W. Geils, and Jane E. Taylor. Frequency of comandra blister rust infection episodes on lodgepole pine. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-36.

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Schwartz, Randy K. Combining Strands of Many Colors: Episodes from Medieval Islam for the Mathematics Classroom. Washington, DC: The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci003546.

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Dordal-i-Carreras, Marc, Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, and Johannes Wieland. Infrequent but Long-Lived Zero-Bound Episodes and the Optimal Rate of Inflation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22510.

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