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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Gu, H., and W. Danthanarayana. "Influence of Larval Rearing Conditions on the Body Size and Flight Capacity of Epiphyas-Postvittana Moths." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 6 (1992): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920573.

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Effects of rearing conditions of larvae on the body weight and flight duration of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), were evaluated in the laboratory. The body weight of both male and female moths at emergence decreased with increasing temperature from 15 to 28-degrees-C during larval stages; in contrast, flight duration increased with rising temperature. There was no effect of larval density on flight duration, although the body weight of moths decreased as density increased. Variation in water content of artificial diet showed a significant influence on flight duration of female moths, but not on body weight in either sex. Flight duration was different only for females when their larvae were reared on young leaves of four host plants. Female moths from larvae on Rumex crispus and Plantago lanceolata flew for significantly longer periods than those from larvae on Trifolium repens and Pyrus malus. Larvae fed on young leaves yielded adults that flew for longer periods than those fed on senescent leaves. Inconsistency in relationships between body weight and flight duration of moths with respect to influences of different environmental factors during the larval stages indicates that flight capacity is unlikely to be influenced by body size in this species.
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2

Whiting, Diana C., Stephen P. Foster, and John H. Maindonald. "Effects of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Temperature on the Mortality Responses of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 84, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 1544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.5.1544.

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3

Whiting, Diana C., and Lisa E. Hoy. "Effect of Temperature Establishment Time on the Mortality of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae Exposed to a High-Temperature Controlled Atmosphere." Journal of Economic Entomology 91, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.1.287.

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4

Whiting, Diana C., Lisa E. Jamieson, and Patrick G. Connolly. "Effect of Sublethal Tebufenozide Applications on the Mortality Responses of Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Larvae Exposed to a High-Temperature Controlled Atmosphere." Journal of Economic Entomology 92, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/92.2.445.

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5

Beckett, S. J., and D. E. Evans. "The effects of thermal acclimation on immature mortality in the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and the light brown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana at a lethal temperature." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 82, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00112.x.

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6

Danthanarayana, W., and H. Gu. "Influence of Environmental-Conditions on Flight Duration of Epiphyas-Postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 5 (1992): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920477.

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Flight responses of the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), to changes in air temperature, atmospheric humidity, feeding and mating activities were studied under controlled conditions. Flights occurred within the air temperature range from 10 to 30-degrees-C, with the longest flight duration at 20-degrees-C for both sexes. A change of atmospheric humidity significantly influenced flight duration of females, but not of males, at 20-degrees-C. The longest flight duration of the female moths occurred at a relative humidity of 60%. Provision of honey solution or water improved flight duration of the moths aged three days or older. Mating increased flight duration of females from the age of three days onwards, presumably as a result of reduced body weight associated with oviposition.
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7

Horner, Rachael M., Thomas E. S. Sullivan, Andrew M. Sporle, Lloyd D. Stringer, Lee-Anne M. Manning, Ashraf M. El-Sayed, and David Maxwell Suckling. "Minor components modulate sensitivity to the pheromone antagonist Z11-14:Ac in male lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the field." New Zealand Plant Protection 71 (July 29, 2018): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.184.

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Epiphyas postvittana is a major horticultural pest in many countries, including New Zealand. Recently, two minor components (E)-11-tetradecen-1-ol and (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate were found to increase the attraction of a previously identified two-component sex pheromone (95:5 blend of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate [E11-14:Ac] and (E,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate [E9,E11-14:Ac]) of Epiphyas postvittana. We hypothesised that the interaction between these minor components and the behavioural antagonist (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) would modulate its antagonistic effect. The effect of increasing the ratio (0.5—10%) of Z11-14:Ac was tested in traps baited with E11-14:Ac and E9,E11-14:Ac (95:5), with or without the addition of the two minor compounds. Catch decreased as the percentage of Z11-14:Ac increased (χ2=108.74; d.f.=9; P<0.001). Overall, more moths were caught in traps baited with four- vs two-component lures (χ2=9.81; d.f.=1; P=0.002); in pair-level comparisons, significant differences in catch number between the two- and four-component lures were observed when the E11-14:Ac : Z11-14:Ac ratio was 99:1 (P=0.031) or 98:2 (P=0.047). The addition of the two minor components mitigated the reduced catch effect due to lower proportions of E11-14:Ac and the presence of 1—2% antagonist.
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8

Paull, C. A., N. A. Schellhorn, and A. D. Austin. "Response to host density by the parasitoid Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the influence of grapevine variety." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 1 (October 23, 2013): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000527.

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AbstractNatural enemies that respond to prey in a density-dependent manner may be able to quickly suppress pest populations before they reach economically damaging levels. Although it is primarily the combination of a natural enemy's functional response and a population numerical response that will influence the maximum number of pests attacked, other factors may influence a density-dependent response. We conducted large-scale field experiments, both artificially inoculating grapevines with larvae and using naturally occurring populations, to quantify and characterize the response of a parasitoid, Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to different densities of its host, the pest of grapevines, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). We showed that the response of D. tasmanica to the density of E. postvittana was inversely density-dependent, and that the degree of parasitism was consistently and significantly higher in the grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon compared with Chardonnay. While the significant effect of variety on the degree of parasitism may provide an option for increasing the parasitism of E. postvittana by D. tasmanica, it also highlights how differences in host plant can influence trophic interactions.
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9

Danthanarayana, W., H. Gu, and S. Ashley. "Population-Growth Potential of Epiphyas-Postvittana, the Lightbrown Apple Moth (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Relation to Diet, Temperature and Climate." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 4 (1995): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950381.

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Life-history parameters and developmental rates of Epiphyas postvittana were determined for four natural food plants and Shorey's diet at each of six temperatures. The rate of development of larvae and the life-history parameters were influenced by both temperature and diet. The highest r(m) value was given by populations feeding on Plantago lanceolata, followed by those on Shorey's diet and Rumex crispus, all at 25 . 2 degrees C, then by Malus pumila at 19 . 9 degrees C and Trifolium repense at 25 . 2 degrees C. Zero population growth occurred at 7 . 1 and 30 . 7 degrees C. A life-table study of five geographical strains of the moth under non-variable conditions (constant temperature and artificial diet) showed that finite rate of increase (lambda) was significantly correlated with climatic features of habitats, viz. mean annual Values of temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Peak values of lambda occurred at cooler temperatures, moderate levels of habitat moisture and high altitudes (500-1000 m); the Canberra population gave the highest value (lambda = 1 . 157), followed by Armidale (lambda = 1 . 152), Melbourne (lambda = 1 . 141), Mildura (lambda = 1 . 135) and Auckland (lambda = 1 . 118). Higher performance of E. postvittana on herbaceous plants than on woody plants suggests that it primarily evolved as a feeder on herbaceous plants.
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10

Griffin, M. J., L. E. Jamieson, A. Chhagan, N. E. M. Page-Weir, J. Poulton, V. A. Davis, F. Zulhendri, and P. G. Connolly. "The potential of ethyl formate carbon dioxide to control a range of horticultural pests." New Zealand Plant Protection 66 (January 8, 2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5621.

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Ethyl formate (EF) is a generally recognised as safe (GRAS) compound that can be applied as a fumigant to disinfest fresh produce This paper reports initial research to determine the dose responses of various pests to ethyl formatecarbon dioxide treatment during 1 2 3 and 4h treatments at ambient temperatures between 18 and 23C Thrips (mixtures of Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis) on lupin flowers obscure mealybugs (Pseudococcus viburni) on potatoes and greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) on potatoes were more susceptible than either lightbrown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana) eggs on plastic and fifth instar larvae on apples or codling moth (Cydia pomonella) second/ third instars and fifth instars on apples Further efficacy studies are warranted to investigate the commercial viability of EFCO2 treatment of fresh produce against other pests effects on fruit quality and commercial application logistics
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11

DANTHANARAYANA, W., and H. GU. "Multiple mating and its effect on the reproductive success of female Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Ecological Entomology 16, no. 2 (May 1991): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1991.tb00206.x.

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12

Lo, P., and V. C. Murrell. "Time of leafroller infestation and effect on yield in grapes." New Zealand Plant Protection 53 (August 1, 2000): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3630.

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Leafroller (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) larvae damage grape bunches directly by feeding on the flowers berries and stalks Damaged berries can become infected by fungi such as Botrytis cinerea that cause diseases leading to further indirect yield losses In a field trial Chardonnay bunches were infested with lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana larvae at monthly intervals from December to March The greatest losses (12 of the fresh weight at harvest) occurred in bunches infested in December and March In December the main cause of loss of berries was direct feeding damage whereas by March indirect losses to disease outweighed those directly due to larvae Leafroller infestations up to January did not increase disease in bunches above the background level of infection In Hawkes Bay leafrollers have the greatest effect on yields from February onwards when infestation of vines increases greatly and berries become more susceptible to diseases
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13

Bürgi, Linda P., and Nick J. Mills. "Ecologically relevant measures of the physiological tolerance of light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, to high temperature extremes." Journal of Insect Physiology 58, no. 9 (September 2012): 1184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.05.017.

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14

Morey, Amy C., Robert C. Venette, and William D. Hutchison. "Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana : fitness costs in response to partial freezing." Insect Science 26, no. 2 (January 4, 2018): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12560.

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15

Lay-Yee, Michael, Diana C. Whiting, and Kellie J. Rose. "Response of `Royal Gala' and `Granny Smith' apples to high-temperature controlled atmosphere treatments for control of Epiphyas postvittana and Nysius huttoni." Postharvest Biology and Technology 12, no. 2 (October 1997): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(97)00050-1.

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16

Whiting, Diana C., Lisa E. Jamieson, Karen J. Spooner, and Michael Lay-Yee. "Combination high-temperature controlled atmosphere and cold storage as a quarantine treatment against Ctenopseustis obliquana and Epiphyas postvittana on ‘Royal Gala’ apples." Postharvest Biology and Technology 16, no. 2 (June 1999): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5214(99)00005-8.

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17

Foster, S. P., and R. H. Ayers. "Effect of a vertical object on the sex pheromone-mediated flight and landing behaviors of the male lightbrown apple moth,Epiphyas postvittana (walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Journal of Insect Behavior 8, no. 4 (July 1995): 465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01995320.

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18

Thwaite, W. G. "Effect of reduced dosage of azinphos-methyl on control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), and light-brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walk.), in an apple orchard." Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 80, no. 1-4 (August 26, 2009): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1976.tb03305.x.

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19

Dentener, Peter R., Sonya E. Lewthwaite, Keren V. Bennett, John H. Maindonald, and Patrick G. Connolly. "Effect of Temperature and Treatment Conditions on the Mortality ofEpiphyas postvittana(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Exposed to Ethanol." Journal of Economic Entomology 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0022-0493-93.2.519.

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20

Barker, Brittany S., Leonard Coop, Tyson Wepprich, Fritzi Grevstad, and Gericke Cook. "DDRP: Real-time phenology and climatic suitability modeling of invasive insects." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244005.

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Rapidly detecting and responding to new invasive species and the spread of those that are already established is essential for reducing their potential threat to food production, the economy, and the environment. We describe a new spatial modeling platform that integrates mapping of phenology and climatic suitability in real-time to provide timely and comprehensive guidance for stakeholders needing to know both where and when invasive insect species could potentially invade the conterminous United States. The Degree-Days, Risk, and Phenological event mapping (DDRP) platform serves as an open-source and relatively easy-to-parameterize decision support tool to help detect new invasive threats, schedule monitoring and management actions, optimize biological control, and predict potential impacts on agricultural production. DDRP uses a process-based modeling approach in which degree-days and temperature stress are calculated daily and accumulate over time to model phenology and climatic suitability, respectively. Outputs include predictions of the number of completed generations, life stages present, dates of phenological events, and climatically suitable areas based on two levels of climate stress. Species parameter values can be derived from laboratory and field studies or estimated through an additional modeling step. DDRP is written entirely in R, making it flexible and extensible, and capitalizes on multiple R packages to generate gridded and graphical outputs. We illustrate the DDRP modeling platform and the process of model parameterization using two invasive insect species as example threats to United States agriculture: the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana, and the small tomato borer, Neoleucinodes elegantalis. We then discuss example applications of DDRP as a decision support tool, review its potential limitations and sources of model error, and outline some ideas for future improvements to the platform.
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21

Zielonka, Marcin W., W. Edwin Harris, Tom W. Pope, and Simon R. Leather. "Transgenerational effect of host plant on growth and reproduction in two species of moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana and Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)." Annals of Applied Biology, December 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12743.

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