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Budiman, Marshen, Praevilia M. Salendu, and Johnny L. Rompis. "Pengaruh Riwayat Kejang Demam terhadap Kejadian Epilepsi pada Anak." e-CliniC 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i1.37740.
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Abstract: Epilepsy could cause various kinds of problems including learning difficulties, growth and development disorders, and poor quality of life of children in the future. There are several risk factors of febrile seizures that coud affect the occurrence of epilepsy inter alia abnormalities of the nervous system or there is a clear development of nervous system abnormalities before the seizure, complex febrile seizures, history of epilepsy in parents or siblings, as well as simple febrile seizures repeating four or more episodes in one year. Each of these risk factors increases the likeli-hood of epilepsy, and the combination of these risk factors increases the incidence of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the effect of a history of febrile seizures on the incidence of epilepsy in children. This was a literature review study using three databases namely Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were febrile seizure AND epilepsy AND children. Selection with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 10 literatures. The results showed that from 10 literatures reviewed, history of febrile seizures was the most common risk factor that influenced the developing of epilepsy in later life. In conclusion, history of febrile seizures is the most common risk factor for developing epilepsy in children later in life. The percentage of children with history of febrile seizure that develop to epilepsy is 3.3% - 73.8%.Keywords: febrile seizures; epilepsy; children Abstrak: Epilepsi dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam permasalahan berupa kesulitan dalam belajar, gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta kualitas hidup yang kurang pada anak di masa depan. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko kejang demam yang berperan terhadap terjadinya epilepsi, di antaranya: kelainan pada sistem saraf atau adanya perkembangan kelainan yang jelas sebelum kejang, kejang demam kompleks, riwayat epilepsi pada orang tua atau suadara kandung, dan kejang demam sederhana yang berulang empat episode atau lebih dalam satu tahun. Masing-masing faktor risiko tersebut meningkatkan kemungkinan kejadian epilepsi dan kombinasi faktor risiko tersebut akan meningkatkan kejadian epilepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh riwayat kejang demam terhadap kejadian epilepsi pada anak. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review, menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu febrile seizure AND epilepsy AND children. Hasil seleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh jurnal yang di-review, didapatkan riwayat kejang demam menjadi salah satu faktor risiko yang memiliki pengaruh untuk berkembang menjadi epilepsi di kemudian hari. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah riwayat kejang demam merupakan faktor risiko terbanyak untuk berkembang menjadi epilepsi pada anak di kemudian hari. Persentase anak dengan riwayat kejang demam yang berkembang menjadi epilepsi berkisar antara 3,3% - 73,8%.Kata kunci: kejang demam; epilepsi; anak
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Budiman, Marshen, Praevilia M. Salendu, and Johnny L. Rompis. "Pengaruh Riwayat Kejang Demam terhadap Kejadian Epilepsi pada Anak." e-CliniC 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i1.44268.
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Abstract: Epilepsy could cause various kinds of problems including learning difficulties, growth and development disorders, and poor quality of life of children in the future. There are several risk factors of febrile seizures that coud affect the occurrence of epilepsy inter alia abnormalities of the nervous system or there is a clear development of nervous system abnormalities before the seizure, complex febrile seizures, history of epilepsy in parents or siblings, as well as simple febrile seizures repeating four or more episodes in one year. Each of these risk factors increases the likeli-hood of epilepsy, and the combination of these risk factors increases the incidence of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the effect of a history of febrile seizures on the incidence of epilepsy in children. This was a literature review study using three databases namely Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were febrile seizure AND epilepsy AND children. Selection with inclusion and exclusion criteria obtained 10 literatures. The results showed that from 10 literatures reviewed, history of febrile seizures was the most common risk factor that influenced the developing of epilepsy in later life. In conclusion, history of febrile seizures is the most common risk factor for developing epilepsy in children later in life. The percentage of children with history of febrile seizure that develop to epilepsy is 3.3% - 73.8%.
Keywords: febrile seizures; epilepsy; children
Abstrak: Epilepsi dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam permasalahan berupa kesulitan dalam belajar, gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, serta kualitas hidup yang kurang pada anak di masa depan. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko kejang demam yang berperan terhadap terjadinya epilepsi, di antaranya: kelainan pada sistem saraf atau adanya perkembangan kelainan yang jelas sebelum kejang, kejang demam kompleks, riwayat epilepsi pada orang tua atau suadara kandung, dan kejang demam sederhana yang berulang empat episode atau lebih dalam satu tahun. Masing-masing faktor risiko tersebut meningkatkan kemungkinan kejadian epilepsi dan kombinasi faktor risiko tersebut akan meningkatkan kejadian epilepsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh riwayat kejang demam terhadap kejadian epilepsi pada anak. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review, menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu febrile seizure AND epilepsy AND children. Hasil seleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sepuluh jurnal yang di-review, didapatkan riwayat kejang demam menjadi salah satu faktor risiko yang memiliki pengaruh untuk berkembang menjadi epilepsi di kemudian hari. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah riwayat kejang demam merupakan faktor risiko terbanyak untuk berkembang menjadi epilepsi pada anak di kemudian hari. Persentase anak dengan riwayat kejang demam yang berkembang menjadi epilepsi berkisar antara 3,3% - 73,8%.
Kata kunci: kejang demam; epilepsi; anak
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Suwarba, I. Gusti Ngurah Made, and Ni Wayan Kurnia Wati. "Fungsi Kognitif Anak Dengan Epilepsi Umum." Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 25, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v25i1.4491.
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Children with epilepsy may experience cognitive impairment due to the effects of structural lesions or seizure activity. This study aims to determine the cognitive function of children with general epilepsy. This study was a cross-sectional design that included children aged 6 to 68 months with general epilepsy in the polyclinic and pediatric ward of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar from September 2013 to January 2015. All children who participated in this study were subjected to a Mullen scale examination. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. In 93 children with general epilepsy, there was a significant correlation between the level of cognitive function and seizure frequency >10 times with an odds ratio 6.067 (95% CI 2.002-18.388, p value 0.001) and seizure duration ≥15 minutes with an odds ratio 6.006 (95% CI 1,817-20,246, p value 0.003). In this study, it can be concluded that seizure frequency >10 times and seizure duration ≥15 minutes in children with general epilepsy have a positive relationship of 6 times with the abnormal cognitive function. Further studies are needed to determine cognitive development of children with general epilepsy.
Abstrak
Anak dengan epilepsi dapat mengalami gangguan kognitif berkaitan dengan efek dari lesi struktural maupun aktivitas kejang. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui fungsi kognitif anak dengan epilepsi umum. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang mengikutsertakan anak usia 6 sampai 68 bulan dengan epilepsi umum di poliklinik dan ruang perawatan anak RSUP Sanglah Denpasar pada bulan September 2013 hingga Januari 2015. Semua anak yang ikut serta dalam penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan skala Mullen. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji kai kuadrat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Pada 93 anak dengan epilepsi umum, didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi kognitif dengan frekuensi kejang >10 kali dengan rasio odds 6,067 (nilai p=0,001, 95% CI 2,002-18,388) dan lama kejang ≥15 menit dengan rasio odds 6,006 (nilai p=0,003, 95% CI 1,817-20,246). Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa frekuensi kejang >10 kali dan lama kejang ≥15 menit pada anak dengan epilepsi umum memiliki hubungan yang positif sebesar 6 kali terhadap fungsi kognitif abnormal. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak dengan epilepsi umum.
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Upadhyay, Aishvarya, S. K. Upadhyay, O. P. Mishra, and Rajniti Prasad. "Cognitive Dysfunctions in Children with Epilepsy." Pediatric Education and Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.4316.3.
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Sari, Novi Komala, Nina Herlina, and Aswan Jhonet. "HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT KEJANG DEMAM DENGAN KEJADIAN EPILEPSI PADA ANAK ≤ 5 TAHUN DI RSUD Dr. H. ABDUL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG TAHUN 2018-2019." Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v7i3.4203.
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Background : Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which often found in the world and has the highest incidence in children. The most common risk factor of epilepsy is febrile seizure. Febrile seizure refer to a seizure following by high-fever (>38°C) that often found in the age between 6 month – 5 years old. Objective : This study aim to acknowledge the relation between the febrile sizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in the children of ≤ 5 years old in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province 2018-2019. Methods: This study used an analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The population being used are all pediatric patients in the age of ≤ 5 years which diagnosed with epilepsy in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. Further, the sample being used in this research are 42 people which obtained from total sampling technique. While the statistic test being used is Chi square test. Results :Tthis study is show that 31 children (73.8%) had a febrile seizure history, and 11 children (26.2%) had not a febrile seizure history. Further, this study found that 8 children (19.0%) had a partial awakening epilepsy, and 34 children (81.0%) had a general awakening epilepsy. The result of chi square examination which is (p value 0.032) showed that there is a relation between the febrile seizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in children at age of ≤ 5 yearch in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung in the year of 2018-2019. Conclusion : There is a relation between febrile seizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in child.Suggestion : It is recommended to be able to pay attention, add insight about febrile seizures and epilepsy, so that mothers don’t panic and know how to overcome them. Keywords : Febrile Seizure, Epilepsy, Child ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Epilepsi merupakan kelainan neurologis yang sering ditemui di dunia dan insidensinya terbanyak pada masa anak-anak. Faktor risiko epilepsi yang tersering adalah kejang demam. Kejang demam mengacu pada kejang yang berhubungan dengan demam tingkat tinggi (> 38°C) yang sering terjadi pada usia 6 bulan – 5 tahun.Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak ≤ 5 tahun di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung 2018-2019. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien anak usia ≤ 5 tahun yang didiagnosis epilepsi di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 42 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square.Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 31 anak (73.8%) memiliki riwayat kejang demam, serta 11 anak (26.2%) tidak memiliki riwayat kejang demam. Dan didapatkan sebanyak 8 anak (19.0%) memiliki epilepsi bangkitan parsial, serta 34 anak (81.0%) memiliki epilepsi bangkitan umum. Hasil uji Chi Square yaitu (p value 0.032) terdapat hubungan anatara riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak ≤ 5 tahun di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2018-2019.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak.Saran : Disarankan untuk dapat memperhatikan, menambah wawasan tentang kejang demam dan epilepsi, sehingga ibu tidak panik dan mengetahui cara penanggulangannya. Kata Kunci : Kejang Demam, Epilepsi, Anak.
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Ramadhan, Muhammad Fitra, Prastiya Indra Gunawa, and Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi. "Faktor-Faktor Risiko Pasien Epilepsi Intraktabel pada Anak." Malahayati Nursing Journal 4, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 3321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i12.7518.
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ABSTRACT Approximately 10.5 million children are diagnosed with active epilepsy worldwide, accounting for 25% of the world's population with epilepsy. Among 1 in 3 people who are diagnosed with epilepsy will develop intractable epilepsy, this means that regular and adequate treatment for 18 months does not show a decrease in the frequency and duration of seizures or has taken 2 anti-epileptic drugs but has not yet had an effect. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors that can cause intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients. This study used a retrospective observational research design with a systematic review approach, where all variable data were collected from previous studies. The collection of research data is collected from previous research data in the form of research journals collected from the scholar.google.co.id, NCBI, and science direct databases. The article search method uses the characteristics of PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), then the data in the form of articles that have been collected are managed using the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. Based on 9 articles that have been reviewed, it is found that there are no studies that include age as a risk factor for intractable epilepsy. Odds ratios for each risk factor varied, but the most studied risk factors in the study included in this study were developmental disorders (8/9), MRI / CT Scan (6/9), and status epilepticus (5/9). 9). From the results of this systematic review, the factors that most influence intractable epilepsy in children are developmental disorders with the highest odds ratio of 37.1 obtained in the study of Wirell et al. Gender factors, duration of seizure, family history of epilepsy, and history of febrile seizures did not significantly influence intactable epilepsy. In conclusion, this study found that the factors that most influence intractable epilepsy in children are developmental disorders and status epilepticus. Keywords: Risk Factors, Intractable Epilepsy, Children ABSTRAK Di seluruh dunia, sekitar 10,5 juta anak didiagnosis dengan epilepsi aktif, sebesar 25% dari populasi dunia dengan pengidap epilepsi. Diantara 1 dari 3 orang yang terdiagnosis epilepsi akan dapat berkembang menjadi epilepsi intraktabel, hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa pengobatan yang dilakukan selama 18 bulan secara teratur dan adekuat tidak menunjukkan penurunan frekuensi dan durasi kejang atau sudah mengonsumsi 2 obat anti epilepsi namun belum juga memberikan efek. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor resiko yang dapat menyebabkan epilepsi intraktabel pada pasien anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional retrospektif dengan pendekatan systematic review, dimana semua data variable dikumpulkan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari data penelitian sebelumnya dalam bentuk jurnal penelitian yang dikumpulkan dari database scholar.google.co.id, NCBI, dan science direct. Metode pencarian artikel menggunakan karakteristik PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) yang lalu data berupa artikel yang telah terkumpul dikelola dengan menggunakan metode Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Berdasarkan 9 artikel yang telah dikaji, didapatkan bahwa tidak ada studi yang memasukkan faktor usia dalam sebagai faktor risiko epilepsi intraktabel. Odds ratio untuk masing-masing faktor risiko bervariasi, namun faktor risiko yang diteliti paling banyak pada studi yang diinklusi di penelitian ini adalah gangguan tumbuh kembang (8/9), MRI/CT Scan (6/9), dan status epileptikus (5/9). Dari hasil systematic review ini, faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap epilepsi intraktabel pada anak adalah gangguan tumbuh kembang dengan odds ratio tertinggi 37,1 yang didapatkan pada studi Wirell et al, dan status epileptikus dengan odds ratio 32,9 yang didapatkan pada studi Yildiz et al. Faktor jenis kelamin durasi waktu kejang, riwayat keluarga epilepsy, dan riwayat kejang demam tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap epilepsy intaktabel. Sebagai kesimpulan, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap epilepsi intraktabel pada anak adalah gangguan tumbuh kembang dan status epileptikus. Kata Kunci: Faktor Risiko, Epilepsy Intraktabel, Anak
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Lopes, Ana Filipa, José Paulo Monteiro, Maria José Fonseca, Conceição Robalo, and Mário Rodrigues Simões. "Memory Functioning in Children with Epilepsy: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy, Childhood Absence Epilepsy, and Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes." Behavioural Neurology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218637.
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Specific cognitive deficits have been identified in children with epilepsy irrespective of results on intelligence tests. Memory deficits are traditionally attributed to temporal lobe epilepsy, whereas the impact of frontal lobe epilepsy on memory functions has remained controversial. The aim of this study was the examination of memory abilities in other childhood common epilepsy syndromes (frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)) and the influence of epilepsy-related variables. Memory was examined in 90 children with epilepsy (each epilepsy group consisted of 30 children), aged 6–15, and compared with 30 control children. Children with FLE showed significant deficits in verbal and visual memory. In addition, type of epilepsy, earlier age at epilepsy onset, and longer active duration of epilepsy were associated with memory problems. Seizure frequency and treatment, however, did not influence memory performance. This study indicates that children with FLE show greater risk of developing memory deficits than children with CAE or BECTS, thus highlighting the importance of assessing also memory functions in frontal lobe epilepsy.
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Knezevic-Pogancev, Marija. "Cerebral palsy and epilepsy." Medical review 63, no. 7-8 (2010): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1008527k.
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Introduction. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in early childhood. Epilepsy is known to have a high association with cerebral palsy. All types of epileptic seizures can be seen in patients with cerebral palsy. Complex partial and secondary generalized ones are the most frequent seizure types. In persons with cerebral palsy and mental retardation, the diagnosis of epilepsy presents unique difficulties. Generally they are not able to describe the epileptic events themselves, parents are not able to describe them without fear and persons trained in epilepsy witness the events only rarely. Some syndromes, such as infantile spasms, West and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, are particularly frequent, whereas children with cerebral palsy are rarely free of epilesy. It has been observed that epileptic seizures in children with cerebral palsy tend to have an earlier onset; they often appear in children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation; they are more severe in patients with a more severe degree of cerebral palsy. The overall outcome of seizures in children with cerebral palsy is poor, requiring prolonged course of antiepileptic medications, polytherapy with higher incidence of refractory seizures and hospital admissions for status epilepticus. The presence of a neurological deficit, as well as cerebral palsy, does not necessarily mean a poor prognosis after the discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs, but the risk of a relaps in persons with cerebral palsy is high. Aim. The objective of the paper was to show the relationship between cerebral palsy and epilepsy and to determine the occurrence, associated factors, nature and prognosis of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.
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Kirabira, Joseph, Ben Jimmy Forry, Robyn Fallen, and Bernard Sserwanga. "Perceived stigma and school attendance among children and adolescents with epilepsy in South Western Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.43.
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Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that has a high worldwide prevalence with eighty percent of the global burden being in low and middle-income countries. There is a high level of perceived stigma among children and adolescents with epi- lepsy, which has severe debilitating effects and affects school attendance.
Objective: To assess the effect of perceived stigma on school attendance patterns among children and adolescents with epilepsy.
Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among 191 children and adolescents aged from 6-18 years with epilepsy at one large semi-urban hospital and a small rural health center in SouthWestern Uganda. Epilepsy-related perceived stigma was measured using the adapted Kilifi Stigma Scale of Epilepsy and school attendance patterns were assessed using a piloted inves- tigator-designed questionnaire.
Results: Children with high-perceived stigma were more likely to have never attended school (13.8%) or started school late (average age 5.7 years) compared to those with low-perceived stigma (average age 4.9 years). Additionally, those with high epilep- sy-related perceived stigma repeated classes 2.5 times more compared to those with low-perceived stigma.
Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest correlation between high-perceived stigma and disrupted school attendance patterns among children and adolescents with epilepsy, hence the need to address this social challenge.
Keywords: Epilepsy; perceived stigma; school attendance; children; adolescents; Uganda.
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Verity, C. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 57, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.57.10.1301-b.
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McSHANE, M. A. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.76.5.i480.
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Stephenson, J. B. P. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 62, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.62.2.216.
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Jellinger, K. A. "Epilepsy in Children." European Journal of Neurology 12, no. 4 (April 2005): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.01064.x.
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Andriola, Mary. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-198701000-00014.
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Wyllie, Elaine. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 13, no. 3 (May 1996): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199605000-00013.
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Guerrini, Renzo. "Epilepsy in children." Lancet 367, no. 9509 (February 2006): 499–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68182-8.
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Buchhalter, Jeffrey. "Epilepsy in Children." Pediatric Neurology 33, no. 4 (October 2005): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.004.
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Hughes, John R. "Epilepsy in children." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 67, no. 1 (July 1987): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(87)90172-6.
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Low, N. L. "Epilepsy in Children." Neurology 37, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.37.7.1269-a.
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Dulac, Olivier. "Epilepsy in children." Current Opinion in Neurology 7, no. 2 (April 1994): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199404000-00005.
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Baxter, P. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.71.4.389.
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Ferry, Peggy C. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 141, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110027014.
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Gieron-Korthals, Maria A. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 151, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380114030.
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Kukuruzović, Monika, Ljerka Cvitanović-Šojat, Branka Divčić, Maja Batista, Kristina Kužnik, Iva Šeparović, and Maša Malenica. "Korisnost kampa za djecu s epilepsijom: retrospektiva." Paediatria Croatica 68, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.13112/pc.2024.3.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of educational and recreational camping programs for children with epilepsy. Method: A retrospective review of data collected from all children attending annual epilepsy camps organized by the Croatian Epilepsy Association and the Zagreb City Office for Health during 8 years was performed. Children included were between 6 and 18 years of age. The staff of the camp includes child neurologists, a psychologist, neurology nurses and trained volunteers. Educational activities are designed to improve children’s knowledge of epilepsy, importance of taking medication, academic choices, suggested employment, and regulations regarding driving laws. These issues were discussed in groups or in single sessions, depending on the case. Other activities included supervised swimming, team sports, fun activities and games, arts and crafts and entertainment such as disco or movie night. Each of the participants filled out three questionnaires 1. General data questionnaire and pre-camp knowledge test; 2. Camp satisfaction questionnaire and post-camp knowledge test; 3. Questionnaire on adaptation to epilepsy in young people. Results: The analyses of surveys and tests showed that only 75% of children in camp knew that they had epilepsy. In 10% of children, friends and distant family members did not know about epilepsy. Comparing the knowledge test before and after the camp, the average percentage of correctly solved tasks on the first test is 65%, and on the second 87%. The answers in the questionnaire on adaptation to life with epilepsy are indicators of strong stigma in children with epilepsy. Conclusions: The main accomplishment of the camp was for children to gain confidence that they can reach their full potential in life and to feel equal to their peers in every aspect of life.
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Bruck, Isac, Sérgio Antônio Antoniuk, Adriane Spessatto, Ricardo Schmitt de Bem, Romeu Hausberger, and Carlos Gustavo Pacheco. "Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 59, no. 1 (March 2001): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2001000100008.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy in a tertiary center. METHODS: a total of 100 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy were retrospectively studied. Criteria for inclusion were follow-up period for at least 2 years. Types and incidence of epilepsy were correlated with the different forms of cerebral palsy. Other factors associated with epilepsy such as age of first seizure, neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were also analysed. RESULTS: follow-up ranged between 24 and 151 months (mean 57 months). The overall prevalence of epilepsy was 62%. Incidence of epilepsy was predominant in patients with hemiplegic and tetraplegic palsies: 70.6% and 66.1%, respectively. First seizure occurred during the first year of life in 74.2% of patients with epilepsy. Generalized and partial were the predominant types of epilepsy (61.3% and 27.4%, respectively). Thirty-three (53.2%) of 62 patients were seizure free for at least 1 year. Neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: epilepsy in cerebral palsy can be predicted if seizures occur in the first year of life, in neonatal period and if there is family history of epilepsy.
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Ejeliogu, E. U., and A. Courage. "Prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs among children with epilepsy in Jos, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 47, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v47i3.8.
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Background: Childhood epilepsy causes a tremendous burden for the child, the family, society as well as the healthcare system. Adherence toantiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is key to treatment success, one of the main causes of unsuccessful treatment for epilepsy is poor adherence to medications. Nonadherence in children with epilepsy presents a potential ongoing challenge for achieving a key therapeutic goal of seizure control.Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nonadherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy from November 2019 to February 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on the adherence of studysubjects to AEDs based on self/ caregiver report. Part of the questionnaire was derived from Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).Results: One hundred and ninety four subjects were recruited for the study. The prevalence of nonadherence to AEDs was 44.8%. Factors significantly associated with non-adherence were low socioeconomic status, multiple drug therapy and long duration of treatment. The main reasons for nonadherence were financial constraint, forgetfulness, lack of improvement and medication side effects.Conclusion: Non-adherence to medication is common among children with epilepsy and it hampers the key therapeutic goal of seizure control. Improving per capita income of families, providing universal health insurance, medication reminders and appropriate education/counseling will reduce non-adherence and improve the long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in our region.
Key words: Epilepsy, Children, Ant i -epilept ic drugs, Nonadherence, Prevalence, Associated factors, Jos, Nigeria.
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Viscidi, Emma W., Ashley L. Johnson, Sarah J. Spence, Stephen L. Buka, Eric M. Morrow, and Elizabeth W. Triche. "The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 18, no. 8 (October 28, 2013): 996–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313508027.
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Epilepsy is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but little is known about how seizures impact the autism phenotype. The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and associated maladaptive behaviors was examined in 2,645 children with ASD, of whom 139 had epilepsy, from the Simons Simplex Collection. Children with ASD and epilepsy had significantly more autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors than children without epilepsy. However, after adjusting for IQ, only hyperactivity symptoms remained significantly increased (13% higher) in the epilepsy group. Among children with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disability, children with epilepsy had significantly more irritability (20% higher) and hyperactivity (24% higher) symptoms. This is the largest study to date comparing the autism phenotype in children with ASD with and without epilepsy. Children with ASD and epilepsy showed greater impairment than children without epilepsy, which was mostly explained by the lower IQ of the epilepsy group. These findings have important clinical implications for patients with ASD.
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Novriska, Dora, Retno Sutomo, and Amalia Setyati. "Behavioral problems in children with epilepsy." Paediatrica Indonesiana 54, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi54.6.2014.324-9.
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Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that most oftenaffects children. Most cases of epilepsy are found in developingcountries. Children with epilepsy are at risk of behavioral disordersthat can affect their quality of life. Studies on behavioral problemsin children with epilepsy have been limited in Indonesia.Objective To compare behavioral disorders in children withepilepsy to those in normal children, and to assess for possiblefactors associated with the occurrence of behavioral disorders.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 47children with epilepsy and 46 children without epilepsy, aged 3-16years. Behavioral problems were screened with the Strength andDifficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Indonesian version. Informationabout EEG description, medication, onset, and duration of epilepsywere obtained from medical records.Results Behavioral problems were found in 19.1% of childrenwith epilepsy and only in 2.2 % of children without epilepsy (PR8.8; 95%CI 1.16 to 66.77; P= 0.015). Significant differences werealso found in the percentage of conduct problems and emotionaldisorders. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression revealedthat the factors associated with behavioral disorders in childrenwith epilepsy were uncontrolled epilepsy (PR 13.9; 95%CI 1.45 to132.4; P=0.023) and focal EEG appearance (PR 19; 95%CI 1.71to 214.43; P=0.017). We also found that uncontrolled epilepsywas a factor related to emotional (PR 6.7; 95%CI 1.66 to 26.76;P=0.007) and conduct problems (PR 6.1; 95%CI 1.35 to 27.29;P=0.019).Conclusion Uncontrolled epilepsy and focal EEG results arefactors associated with increased risk of behavioral problems inchildren with epilepsy. Children with epilepsy should undergobehavioral disorder screening, followed by diagnosis confirmationand treatment.
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Bello-Espinosa, Luis E., and Greg Olavarria. "Epilepsy Surgery in Children." Pediatric Clinics of North America 68, no. 4 (August 2021): 845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2021.04.016.
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Jayalakshmi, Sita, Sudhindra Vooturi, Swapan Gupta, and Manas Panigrahi. "Epilepsy surgery in children." Neurology India 65, no. 3 (2017): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/neuroindia.ni_1033_16.
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Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Etsuko Takaesu, Akiko Matsumoto, Tamiko Negoro, Kozaburo Aso, Sunao Furune, Naoki Yamamoto, and Izumi Takahashi. "Intractable Epilepsy in Children." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 41, no. 3 (September 1987): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.1987.tb01696.x.
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Gordon, Neil S. "FOCAL EPILEPSY IN CHILDREN." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2008): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1963.tb05048.x.
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Vining, Eileen P. G., and John M. Freeman. "Introduction: Epilepsy in Children." Pediatric Annals 14, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 705–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-19851101-05.
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Jellinger, K. A. "Aicardi's Epilepsy in Children." European Journal of Neurology 11, no. 12 (December 2004): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00881.x.
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SAUKKONEN, ANNA-LIISA, WILLY SERLO, and LENNART von WENDT. "Epilepsy in Hydrocephalic Children." Acta Paediatrica 79, no. 2 (February 1990): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11441.x.
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Gniatkowska-Nowakowska, Anna. "Fractures in epilepsy children." Seizure 19, no. 6 (July 2010): 324–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2010.04.013.
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Chan, Sook-Cheng, and Wang-Tso Lee. "Benign Epilepsy in Children." Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 110, no. 3 (March 2011): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-6646(11)60023-5.
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Aso, Kosaburo, Kazuyoshi Watanabe, Tamiko Negoro, Yoshiko Haga, Masao Kito, Norihide Maeda, and Takashi Ohki. "Photosensitive epilepsy in children." Seizure 3, no. 1 (March 1994): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-1311(05)80165-7.
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Mcgucken, R. B. "Epilepsy in Nigerian Children." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 17, no. 1 (November 12, 2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1975.tb04974.x.
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Holmes, Gregory L. "Intractable Epilepsy in Children." Epilepsia 37, s3 (March 1996): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb01815.x.
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Duchowny, Michael. "Epilepsy surgery in children." Current Opinion in Neurology 8, no. 2 (April 1995): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199504000-00004.
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Aneja, Satinder, and Puneet Jain. "Refractory Epilepsy in Children." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 81, no. 10 (August 9, 2014): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1533-1.
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Walsh, Kelda, and David Dunn. "Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 07, no. 03 (September 2018): 097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676537.
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AbstractAnxiety is a common comorbidity in children with epilepsy, though often overlooked and undertreated. Fear and worry are common reactions of children with epilepsy and their parents. Risk factors are multiple and include demographical, epilepsy-related, genetic, and family variables. Anxiety negatively affects health-related quality of life (QOL) and may contribute to poor seizure control. Appropriate treatment of anxiety in children with epilepsy should follow practice guidelines developed for treatment of anxiety in children without epilepsy and consist of education, counseling, and potentially psychopharmacology.
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Hasibuan, Dede Khairina, and Yazid Dimyati. "Kejang Demam sebagai Faktor Predisposisi Epilepsi pada Anak." Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 47, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i11.1191.
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<p>Kejang demam adalah bangkitan kejang pada anak berumur 6 bulan sampai 5 tahun yang mengalami kenaikan suhu tubuh (di atas 38°C dengan metode pengukuran suhu apapun) yang tidak disebabkan oleh proses intrakranial. Faktor-faktor risiko kejang demam berkembang menjadi epilepsi adalah kelainan neurologis atau perkembangan yang jelas sebelum kejang demam pertama, kejang demam kompleks (KDK), riwayat epilepsi pada orangtua atau saudara kandung, dan kejang demam sederhana (KDS) berulang 4 episode atau lebih dalam satu tahun. Kombinasi faktor risiko tersebut akan lebih meningkatkan risiko epilepsi. Pemberian obat rumatan kejang demam belum terbukti dapat mencegah epilepsi di kemudian hari.</p><p>Febrile seizure is a seizure episode in children aged 6 months to 5 years preceded with an increase in body temperature (above 38° C with any measurement method) not caused by intracranial process. Risk factors to epilepsy are neurological or developmental abnormalities before the first febrile seizure, complex febrile seizures, history of epilepsy in parents or siblings, and simple febrile seizures 4 episodes or more in one year. Combination of these risk factors will increase the likelihood of epilepsy. Febrile seizure prophylaxis medication has not been proven to prevent epilepsy.</p>
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Blume, Warren T. "Absence Semiologies." Epilepsy Currents 9, no. 4 (July 2009): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2009.01308.x.
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Factors Influencing Clinical Features of Absence Seizures. Sadleir LG, Scheffer IE, Smith S, Carstensen B, Carlin J, Connolly MB, Farrell K. Epilepsia 2008;49(12):2100–2107. PURPOSE: The clinical features of absence seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy have been held to be syndrome-specific. This hypothesis is central to many aspects of epilepsy research yet has not been critically assessed. We examined whether specific factors such as epilepsy syndrome, age, and state determine the features of absence seizures. METHODS: Children with newly presenting absence seizures were studied using video electroencephalography (EEG) recording. We analyzed whether a child's epilepsy syndrome, age, state of arousal, and provocation influenced specific clinical features of their absence seizures: duration, eyelid movements, eye opening, and level of awareness during the seizure. RESULTS: Seizures (509) were evaluated in 70 children with the following syndromes: Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), 37; CAE plus photoparoxysmal response (PPR), 10; juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE), 8; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), 6; unclassified, 9. Seizure duration was associated with epilepsy syndrome as children with JME had shorter seizures than in other syndromes, independent of age. Age independently influences level of awareness and eye opening. Arousal or provocation affected all features except level of awareness. Specific factors unique to the child independently influenced all features; the nature of these factors has not been identified. DISCUSSION: The view that the clinical features of absence seizures have syndrome-specific patterns is not supported by critical analysis. We show that confounding variables profoundly affect clinical features and that syndromes also show marked variation. Variation in clinical features of absence seizures results from a complex interaction of many factors that are likely to be genetically and environmentally determined. Childhood Absence Epilepsy: Behavioral, Cognitive, and Linguistic Comorbidities. Caplan R, Siddarth P, Stahl L, Lanphier E, Vona P, Gurbani S, Koh S, Sankar R, Shields WD. Epilepsia 2008 Nov;49(11):1838–1846. PURPOSE: Evidence for a poor psychiatric, social, and vocational adult outcome in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) suggests long-term unmet mental health, social, and vocational needs. This cross-sectional study examined behavioral/emotional, cognitive, and linguistic comorbidities as well as their correlates in children with CAE. METHODS: Sixty-nine CAE children aged 9.6 (SD = 2.49) years and 103 age- and gender-matched normal children had semistructured psychiatric interviews, as well as cognitive and linguistic testing. Parents provided demographic, seizure-related, and behavioral information on their children through a semi-structured psychiatric interview and the child behavior checklist (CBCL). RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, 25% of the CAE children had subtle cognitive deficits, 43% linguistic difficulties, 61% a psychiatric diagnosis, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders, and 30% clinically relevant CBCL broad band scores. The most frequent CBCL narrow band factor scores in the clinical/borderline range were attention and somatic complaints, followed by social and thought problems. Duration of illness, seizure frequency, and antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment were related to the severity of the cognitive, linguistic, and psychiatric comorbidities. Only 23% of the CAE subjects had intervention for these problems. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of impaired behavior, emotions, cognition, and language and low intervention rate should alert clinicians to the need for early identification and treatment of children with CAE, particularly those with longer duration of illness, uncontrolled seizures, and AED treatment.
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Saad, Khaled, Emad H. Eldaly, Hazem M. Abdelall, Nahed M. Abdelgabaar, David M. Zaki, Hamad G. Dailah, Ahmed Shams-Eldeen, and Khalid H. Mahmoud. "Contemporary Insights into Intractable Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 16, Suppl 1 (February 2024): S912—S914. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1075_23.
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ABSTRACT While most children with epilepsy find their seizures manageable through medication, some continue to experience seizures despite trying multiple drugs. Failure of medical treatment often becomes apparent early on, and for these cases, it is advisable to seek further treatment options at a specialized epilepsy center. Such centers offer additional treatments like epilepsy surgery, vagus nerve stimulation, and ketogenic diets. There is no universal definition for what constitutes “medically intractable” epilepsy. A proposal by a task force from the International League Against Epilepsy suggests that drug-resistant epilepsy could be defined as the inability to control seizures even after two adequate treatment attempts with well-chosen and tolerated medications, either alone or in combination. In this review, the authors discussed the management of intractable epilepsy in children.
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Tuchman, Roberto F., Isabelle Rapin, and Shlomo Shinnar. "Autistic and Dysphasic Children. II: Epilepsy." Pediatrics 88, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.6.1219.
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In a previously described population of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children, after exclusion of 12 autistic girls with Rett syndrome, 14% (42 of 302) of autistic children and 8% (19 of 237) of dysphasic children had epilepsy (P = .03). The major risk factors for epilepsy were severe mental deficiency and the combination of severe mental deficiency with a motor deficit. In autistic children without severe mental deficiency, motor deficit, associated perinatal or medical disorder, or a positive family history of epilepsy, epilepsy occurred in 6% (10 of 160) which was analogous to the 8% (14 of 168) found in similar dysphasic nonautistic children. The language subtype of verbal auditory agnosia is associated with the highest risk of epilepsy in autistic (41%, 7 of 17) and dysphasic (58%, 7 of 12) children. The higher percentage of epilepsy in autistic girls, 24% (18 of 74) compared with boys 11% (25 of 228) (P = .003), is attributed to the increased prevalence of cognitive and motor deficit in girls. Once the risk attributable to associated cognitive and motor disabilities is taken into account, there is no difference in the risk of epilepsy between autistic and nonautistic dysphasic children.
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Sari, Putu Ratih Padmarini Gantari, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I. Nyoman Budi Hartawan, and Dyah Kanya Wati. "Tingkat kualitas hidup pasien anak epilepsi dengan QOLCE-16." Intisari Sains Medis 14, no. 3 (December 30, 2023): 1249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/ism.v14i3.1908.
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Background: Epilepsy is defined clinically as unprovoked seizures lasting more than 24 hours. In Indonesia there are more than 700.000 to 1.400.000 cases of epilepsy with an increase of around 70,000 new cases every year. In addition, it is estimated that 40-50% occur in children. The level of quality of life of people with epilepsy is worth paying attention to because it is an indicator of the success of treating epilepsy sufferers. This research was conducted to determine the quality of life of pediatric epilepsy patients using an instrument, namely the quality of life in childhood epilepsy questionnaire-16 (QOLCE-16). Method: The research was conducted by conducting interviews with the patient's parents. Data presentation is carried out descriptively. Sample determination was carried out using the sample size formula for nominal data, with a minimum sample of 92 people. Results: Total of 93 samples that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that the majority of people with epilepsy were aged 6-11 years (44.09%), male (63.44%), with comorbidities (53.76%) , suffered from epilepsy for more than 3 years (62.37%). Apart from that, it was also found that the type of epilepsy most commonly suffered was generalized epilepsy (41.94%), the last education of the patient's parents was junior high school (48.39%) and the parents' income was below IDR 1,500,000-, (41, 94%). Conclusion: After conducting interviews with QOLCE-16, it was found that more samples had a low quality of life (61.29%). Latar Belakang: Epilepsi merupakan didefinisikan secara klinis sebagai kejadian kejang yang tidak terprovokasi yang menyerang lebih dari 24 jam. Di Indonesia terdapat lebih dari 700.000 sampai dengan 1.400.000 kasus epilepsi dengan pertambahan sekitar 70.000 kasus baru setiap tahunnya. Selain itu, diperkirakan 40-50% terjadi pada anak-anak. Tingkat kualitas hidup penyandang epilepsi patut diperhatikan karena merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan perawatan penderita epilepsy. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas hidup pasien anak epilepsi menggunakan sebuah instrument yaitu quality of life in childhood epilepsy questionnaire-16 (QOLCE-16). Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara dengan orang tua pasien. Penyajian data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan rumus besar sampel untuk data nominal, dengan sampel minimal adalah 92 orang. Hasil: Dari 93 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi ditemukan bahwa terdapat paling banyak penderita epilepsi berada di usia 6-11 tahun (44,09%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (63,44%), dengan komorbiditas (53,76%), menderita epilepsi selama lebih dari 3 tahun (62,37%). Selain itu, didapatkan juga bahwa tipe epilepsi yang paling banyak diderita adalah epilepsi umum (41,94%), pendidikan terakhir orang tua pasien adalah SMP (48,39%) serta penghasilan orang tua di bawah Rp 1.500.000-, (41,94%). Simpulan: Setelah dilakukan wawancara dengan QOLCE-16 didapatkan bahwa lebih banyak sampel yang memiliki kualitas hidup rendah (61,29%).
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Braams, Olga B., Joost Meekes, Onno van Nieuwenhuizen, Renske Schappin, Peter C. van Rijen, Els M. A. Blijd‐Hoogewys, Maarten Steffers, Kees P. J. Braun, and Aag Jennekens‐Schinkel. "Epilepsy surgery in children: no further threat to theory of mind." Epileptic Disorders 21, no. 2 (April 2019): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/epd.2019.1053.
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ABSTRACT Aims . To investigate whether theory of mind (ToM), an important requirement for adaptive social functioning, is different between children with pharmacologically refractory epilepsy who undergo epilepsy surgery and healthy control children, whether ToM is affected by epilepsy surgery in these children, and whether ToM is associated with demographic or epilepsy variables. Methods . The “ToM storybooks”, a psychometrically sound ToM instrument designed for children, was administered shortly before and 0.5, one and two years after surgery as part of a neuropsychological assessment. Fifteen patients (mean age: 7.1 years) completed the ToM storybooks before and at least twice after surgery. Two sex‐ and age‐matched healthy control children were included per patient. Linear mixed models were used to analyse differences between patients and controls. The association between ToM and demographic, epilepsy and surgical variables was explored. Results . Patients had lower ToM scores than healthy control children, even when corrected for verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ). Epilepsy surgery had neither a harmful nor a favourable effect on ToM. Later epilepsy onset and temporal origin of epilepsy were associated with higher (better) ToM scores relative to earlier epilepsy onset and extra‐temporal epilepsy (including hemispherotomy in one case). Children in whom the amygdala was resected had worse ToM scores. Conclusion . Children with refractory epilepsy have a ToM deficit that may not be accounted for by lower VIQ. Epilepsy surgery does not affect ToM functioning. Younger age at epilepsy onset is associated with poorer ToM, and temporal epilepsy with better ToM. Finally, the amygdala is implicated in ToM deficit. Patients and their parents should be educated about the possible consequences of epilepsy with regards to the development of social cognition and should be guided in order to help improve ToM.
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Prajapati, Mukesh Kumar, Deepak Dwivedi, and Naresh Bajaj. "Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 09, no. 02 (April 18, 2020): 036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710054.
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Abstract Objective The main aim of this study was to assess quality of life in children with epilepsy. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in Regional Early Intervention Centre of the Department of Pediatrics Tertiary Care Hospital in central India. This study included 120 children with epilepsy aged between 2 and 18 years. In this study, we assessed the quality of life in children with epilepsy with the help of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). We further analyzed the quality of life in various dimensions. For the statistical analyses for SPSS version, 20 was used, chi-squared and Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Student's t-test was used for quantitative variables. Linear regression analysis was done for multivariate analysis. Result Mean total PedsQL score for total cohort was 70.96. The cognitive dimension of epileptic children was more affected than physical, social, and emotional dimensions. Factors associated with lower PedsQL scores in epilepsy patients were associated with long duration of epilepsy, polytherapy, male gender, low head circumference, presence of intellectual disability, and refractory epilepsy. Conclusion Epilepsy affects the quality of life in children across all age groups. Among epilepsy indicators, polytherapy, refractory epilepsy, and duration of epilepsy were the most important factors associated with poor quality of life. We can conclude that every effort should be made to decrease the duration of treatment and minimize the number of drugs for improving the quality of life in this patient cohort.