Journal articles on the topic 'Epigenetics'
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Faiq Rzayeva, Faxranda. "Epigenetik mexanizm və Parkinson xəstəliyi arasındakı əlaqələrin kliniki əhəmiyyəti." NATURE AND SCIENCE 17, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/17/11-13.
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Today, epigenetics is more commonly used for heritable changes in gene expression. While no change is observed in the DNA sequence, chromatin changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and nucleosome positioning cause epigenetic events (10). Epigenetic processes; DNA includes chemical modifications of histones and various coding and non-coding RNAs. In recent years, the role of epigenetics in neuroscience has been extensively explored, thanks to technological advances. Therefore, the term “neuroepigenetics” appeared in PubMed in 2009 and is widely used today. Key words: Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein, mutation, neurons, dopaminergic, DNA Epigenetik mexanizm və Parkinson xəstəliyi arasındakı əlaqələrin kliniki əhəmiyyəti Xülasə Bu gün epigenetika gen ifadəsindən irsi dəyişikliklər üçün daha çox istifadə olunur. DNT ardıcıllığında heç bir dəyişiklik müşahidə edilməsə də, DNT metilasiyası, histon modifikasiyası və nukleosomların yerləşdirilməsi kimi xromatin dəyişiklikləri epigenetik hadisələrə səbəb olur (10). Epigenetik proseslər; DNT histonların kimyəvi modifikasiyalarını və müxtəlif kodlaşdıran və kodlaşdırmayan RNT-ləri özündə əks etdirir. Son illərdə texnoloji tərəqqi sayəsində epigenetikanın nevrologiyada rolu geniş şəkildə tədqiq edilmişdir. Buna görə də “neyroepigenetika” termini 2009-cu ildə PubMed-də yaranıb və bu gün geniş istifadə olunur. Açar sözlər: Parkinson xəstəliyi, α-sinuklein, mutasiya, neyronlar, dopaminerjik, DNT
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Ktori, Sophia. "Elevating Epigenetics: Cambridge Epigenetics and NuGEN Form Epigenetic Marker Partnership." Clinical OMICs 4, no. 5 (September 2017): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/clinomi.04.05.14.
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Vokhmyanina, N. V. "Epigenetics and multifactorial diseases." Russian Journal for Personalized Medicine 3, no. 6 (January 16, 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18705/2782-3806-2023-3-6-42-49.
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At present, epigenetics is being studied in detail and actively, and the significance of epigenetics in the development of multifactorial diseases has been determined. In this regard, a large number of publications have recently appeared that analyze the results of studies using epigenetic markers. The obtained promising results indicate the possibility of early detection and prediction of many multifactorial diseases. This review briefly outlines the theoretical foundations of epigenetics and epigenetic mechanisms. The participation of epigenetics in the formation of multifactorial pathology is considered on the example of celiac disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, confirmed by the identified epigenetic markers.
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Papakonstantinou, Eleni, Konstantina Dragoumani, George P. Chrousos, and Dimitrios Vlachakis. "Exosomal Epigenetics." EMBnet.journal 29 (May 22, 2024): e1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.14806/ej.29.0.1049.
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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications can include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, among others. These modifications can influence the expression of genes by altering the way DNA is packaged and accessed by transcriptional machinery, thereby affecting cellular function and behavior. Epigenetic modifications can be influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and aging, whilst abnormal epigenetic modifications have been implicated in a range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease. The study of epigenetics has the potential to provide new insights into the mechanisms of disease and could lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Exosomes can transfer epigenetic information to recipient cells, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological processes, and the identification of specific epigenetic modifications that are associated with a particular disease could lead to the development of targeted therapies that restore normal gene expression patterns. In recent years, the emerging role of exosomal epigenetics in human breast milk, highlighting its significance in infant nutrition and immune development. Milk exosomes are shown to carry epigenetic regulators, including miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, which can modulate gene expression in recipient cells. These epigenetic modifications mediated by milk exosomal RNAs have implications for the development of the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and metabolic processes in infants.
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Eirin-Lopez, Jose M., and Hollie M. Putnam. "Marine Environmental Epigenetics." Annual Review of Marine Science 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 335–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095114.
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Marine organisms’ persistence hinges on the capacity for acclimatization and adaptation to the myriad of interacting environmental stressors associated with global climate change. In this context, epigenetics—mechanisms that facilitate phenotypic variation through genotype–environment interactions—are of great interest ecologically and evolutionarily. Our comprehensive review of marine environmental epigenetics guides our recommendations of four key areas for future research: the dynamics of wash-in and wash-out of epigenetic effects, the mechanistic understanding of the interplay of different epigenetic marks and the interaction with the microbiome, the capacity for and mechanisms of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and the evolutionary implications of the interaction of genetic and epigenetic features. Emerging insights in marine environmental epigenetics can be applied to critical issues such as aquaculture, biomonitoring, and biological invasions, thereby improving our ability to explain and predict the responses of marine taxa to global climate change.
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Manev, Hari, and Svetlana Dzitoyeva. "Progress in mitochondrial epigenetics." BioMolecular Concepts 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2013-0005.
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AbstractMitochondria, intracellular organelles with their own genome, have been shown capable of interacting with epigenetic mechanisms in at least four different ways. First, epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of nuclear genome influence mitochondria by modulating the expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. Second, a cell-specific mitochondrial DNA content (copy number) and mitochondrial activity determine the methylation pattern of nuclear genes. Third, mitochondrial DNA variants influence the nuclear gene expression patterns and the nuclear DNA (ncDNA) methylation levels. Fourth and most recent line of evidence indicates that mitochondrial DNA similar to ncDNA also is subject to epigenetic modifications, particularly by the 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine marks. The latter interaction of mitochondria with epigenetics has been termed ‘mitochondrial epigenetics’. Here we summarize recent developments in this particular area of epigenetic research. Furthermore, we propose the term ‘mitoepigenetics’ to include all four above-noted types of interactions between mitochondria and epigenetics, and we suggest a more restricted usage of the term ‘mitochondrial epigenetics’ for molecular events dealing solely with the intra-mitochondrial epigenetics and the modifications of mitochondrial genome.
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Pathak, Ayush, Sarthak Tomar, and Sujata Pathak. "Epigenetics and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 8, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2023.8.1.75-89.
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Cancer is a disease with extraordinary clinical significance, with much of medical research being devoted to it. Innumerable factors are relevant in fully understanding cancer but the epigenetic aspect stands out. Epigenetics is the study of changes, often germ-line, to the genome affecting the gene expression by silencing certain genes and modifying the gene expression. The three primary mechanisms for epigenetic changes are DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) associated gene silencing. While epigenetics is a pivotal mechanism for the regular maintenance of a myriad of processes- including in cell differentiation and adaptability- aberrant epigenetic changes can lead to depreciated/altered gene function which may ultimately culminate in cancer. Consequently, the connection between epigenetics and cancer has been intensely studied over the past two decades and has generated substantial clinical data attesting to the efficacy of epigenetics as a viable approach to understand cancer progression or therapy. In this review, we look at the fundamental epigenetic principles, the changes in the epigenome which can often be a precursor to cancer, analyse the increasingly important role of epigenetics in decoding carcinogenesis, explore the latest advancements in use of epigenetics in cancer therapy and how the reversible nature of these epigenetic changes have changed the way we approach cancer therapy.
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Peixoto, Paul, Pierre-François Cartron, Aurélien A. Serandour, and Eric Hervouet. "From 1957 to Nowadays: A Brief History of Epigenetics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 7571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207571.
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Due to the spectacular number of studies focusing on epigenetics in the last few decades, and particularly for the last few years, the availability of a chronology of epigenetics appears essential. Indeed, our review places epigenetic events and the identification of the main epigenetic writers, readers and erasers on a historic scale. This review helps to understand the increasing knowledge in molecular and cellular biology, the development of new biochemical techniques and advances in epigenetics and, more importantly, the roles played by epigenetics in many physiological and pathological situations.
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Rahman, Md, HM Jamil, Naznin Akhtar, Rashedul Islam, Md Rana, SM AbdulAwal, and SM Asaduzzaman. "Cancer epigenetics and epigenetical therapy." Journal of Experimental and Integrative Medicine 6, no. 3 (2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jeim.270616.rw.016.
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Peedicayil, Jacob. "Pharmacoepigenetics and Pharmacoepigenomics: An Overview." Current Drug Discovery Technologies 16, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570163815666180419154633.
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Background: The rapid and major advances being made in epigenetics are impacting pharmacology, giving rise to new sub-disciplines in pharmacology, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of the epigenetic basis of variation in response to drugs; and pharmacoepigenomics, the application of pharmacoepigenetics on a genome-wide scale. Methods: This article highlights the following aspects of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics: epigenetic therapy, the role of epigenetics in pharmacokinetics, the relevance of epigenetics to adverse drug reactions, personalized medicine, drug addiction, and drug resistance, and the use of epigenetic biomarkers in drug therapy. Results: Epigenetics is having an increasing impact on several areas of pharmacology. Conclusion: Pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics are new sub-disciplines in pharmacology and are likely to have an increasing impact on the use of drugs in clinical practice.
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O'Donnell, Kieran J., and Michael J. Meaney. "Epigenetics, Development, and Psychopathology." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095530.
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Epigenetic mechanisms govern the transcription of the genome. Research with model systems reveals that environmental conditions can directly influence epigenetic mechanisms that are associated with interindividual differences in gene expression in brain and neural function. In this review, we provide a brief overview of epigenetic mechanisms and research with relevant rodent models. We emphasize more recent translational research programs in epigenetics as well as the challenges inherent in the integration of epigenetics into developmental and clinical psychology. Our objectives are to present an update with respect to the translational relevance of epigenetics for the study of psychopathology and to consider the state of current research with respect to its potential importance for clinical research and practice in mental health.
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Hall, Brian K. "Lamarck, Lamarckism, epigenetics and epigenetic inheritance." Metascience 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2012): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-012-9661-6.
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Dubois, Michel, Séverine Louvel, and Emmanuelle Rial-Sebbag. "Epigenetics as an interdiscipline? Promises and fallacies of a biosocial research agenda." Social Science Information 59, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018420908233.
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Following the spectacular rise of epigenetics since the early 2000s, an increasing number of social scientists have called for it to be recognized as an ‘interdiscipline’, at the crossroads of the life sciences and the social sciences. The aim of this special issue is to advance our knowledge of epigenetics and to address three main issues: the epistemological, conceptual and empirical transformations induced by epigenetic research, the public dissemination of epigenetic knowledge, and finally the normative and sociopolitical implications of epigenetics.
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Louvel, Séverine. "What’s in a name? The three genealogies of the social in social epigenetics." Social Science Information 59, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 184–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018419897001.
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Social epigenetics – the study of the epigenetic mechanisms through which social environments become biologically embodied – epitomizes recent claims that the boundaries between the natural and the social sciences should be reduced. Relying on a bibliometric study and on a qualitative analysis of publications in social epigenetics, this article investigates how this research area defines and operationalizes the social dimensions that may have an impact on health status and disease risk. The article also addresses how the social sciences engage with social epigenetics. First, the article traces social epigenetics back to five epistemic backgrounds – two in animal research (on social defeat and early-life adversity) and three in human studies (on trauma, early-life nutrition and social adversity over the life-course). Second, it outlines the quest for epigenetic markers of social environments, and the associated expectations and controversies. Third, it analyses the three modes of engagement of the social sciences with human studies in social epigenetics: rejection (social epigenetics trapped in the quest for a ‘social brain’); warning and call for responsibility (social epigenetics has shifted from socioeconomic contexts to individual behaviors); and support and active contribution (social epigenetics may strengthen social studies of health). This article argues that recent developments in social epigenetics could strengthen this third mode of engagement and expand the scope of interdisciplinary collaboration between the natural and the social sciences.
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Pang, You-Yuan, Rita Jui-Hsien Lu, and Pao-Yang Chen. "Behavioral Epigenetics: Perspectives Based on Experience-Dependent Epigenetic Inheritance." Epigenomes 3, no. 3 (August 23, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030018.
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Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in gene regulation, and epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are generally described as switches that regulate gene expression. Behavioral epigenetics is defined as the study of how epigenetic alterations induced by experience and environmental stress may affect animal behavior. It studies epigenetic alterations due to environmental enrichment. Generally, molecular processes underlying epigenetic regulation in behavioral epigenetics include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, noncoding RNA activity, and other unknown molecular processes. Whether the inheritance of epigenetic features will occur is a crucial question. In general, the mechanism underlying inheritance can be explained by two main phenomena: Germline-mediated epigenetic inheritance and interact epigenetic inheritance of somatic cells through germline. In this review, we focus on examining behavioral epigenetics based on its possible modes of inheritance and discuss the considerations in the research of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance.
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Ganesan, A. "Epigenetics: the first 25 centuries." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1748 (April 23, 2018): 20170067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0067.
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Epigenetics is a natural progression of genetics as it aims to understand how genes and other heritable elements are regulated in eukaryotic organisms. The history of epigenetics is briefly reviewed, together with the key issues in the field today. This themed issue brings together a diverse collection of interdisciplinary reviews and research articles that showcase the tremendous recent advances in epigenetic chemical biology and translational research into epigenetic drug discovery. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
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EKMEKCİ, Halime Sena, and Sümeyye MUFTAREVİÇ. "Epigenetic Effects of Social Stress and Epigenetic Inheritance." Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1059315.
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Social events that cause stress can cause epigenetic changes on living things. The study of the effects of social events experienced by an individual on epigenetic marks on the genome has created the field of social epigenetics. Social epigenetics examines the effects of psychosocial stress factors such as poverty, war trauma and childhood abuse on epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms alter chemical markers in the genome structure without changing the DNA sequence. Among these mechanisms, DNA methylation in particular may have different phenotypic effects in response to stressors that may occur in the psychosocial environment. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most significant proofs of the effects of epigenetic expressions altered due to traumatic events on the phenotype. The field of epigenetic inheritance has shown that epigenetic changes triggered by environmental influences can, in some cases, be transmitted through generations. This field provides a better understanding of the basis of many psychological disorders. This review provides an overview of social epigenetics, PTSD, and epigenetic inheritance.
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CZUBASZEK, Magdalena, Katarzyna ANDRASZEK, and Dorota BANASZEWSKA. "EPIGENETICS OF REPRODUCTION." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 328, no. 39 (December 5, 2016): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2016.39.3.04.
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Linquist, Stefan, and Brady Fullerton. "Transposon dynamics and the epigenetic switch hypothesis." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 42, no. 3-4 (August 2021): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09548-x.
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AbstractThe recent explosion of interest in epigenetics is often portrayed as the dawning of a scientific revolution that promises to transform biomedical science along with developmental and evolutionary biology. Much of this enthusiasm surrounds what we call the epigenetic switch hypothesis, which regards certain examples of epigenetic inheritance as an adaptive organismal response to environmental change. This interpretation overlooks an alternative explanation in terms of coevolutionary dynamics between parasitic transposons and the host genome. This raises a question about whether epigenetics researchers tend to overlook transposon dynamics more generally. To address this question, we surveyed a large sample of scientific publications on the topics of epigenetics and transposons over the past fifty years. We found that enthusiasm for epigenetics is often inversely related to interest in transposon dynamics across the four disciplines we examined. Most surprising was a declining interest in transposons within biomedical science and cellular and molecular biology over the past two decades. Also notable was a delayed and relatively muted enthusiasm for epigenetics within evolutionary biology. An analysis of scientific abstracts from the past twenty-five years further reveals systematic differences among disciplines in their uses of the term epigenetic, especially with respect to heritability commitments and functional interpretations. Taken together, these results paint a nuanced picture of the rise of epigenetics and the possible neglect of transposon dynamics, especially among biomedical scientists.
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Waghmare, Sagar S., O. G. Bhusnure, M. R. Mali, and S. T. Mule. "Epigenetics: Pharmacology and Modification Mechanisms Involved in Cardiac, Hepatic and Renal Disease." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 4 (July 15, 2020): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i4.4148.
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For a long time scientists have tried to describe disorders are due to genetic as well as environmental factors. In the past few years, revolution in technology that has made it possible to decipher the human genome. Epigenetics explains the capability gene expression regulation without modifying the genetic sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms are rooted changes in molecules, or nuclear characteristics that can alter gene expression without altering the sequences of DNA, i.e. DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. Learning of the fundamental epigenetic modification allowing gene expression as well as cellular phenotype are advanced that novel insights into the epigenetic control of cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, as well as chronic kidney disease are now emerging. From a half of century ago, in human disease the role of epigenetics has been considered. This subject has attracted many interests in the past decade, especially in complicated diseases like cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease as well as chronic kidney disease. This review first illustrates the history and classification of epigenetic modifications and the factors (i.e. genetic, environment, dietary, thought process and lifestyle) affecting to the epigenetics mechanisms. Likewise, the epigenetics role in human diseases is think out by targeting on some diseases and at the end, we have given the future perspective of this field. This review article provides concepts with some examples to describe a broad view of distinct aspects of epigenetics in biology and human diseases.
Keywords: - Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Histone modifications, microRNAs and Gene expression and Disease.
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Zhang, Xiaolin, Zhen Dong, and Hongjuan Cui. "Interplay between Epigenetics and Cellular Metabolism in Colorectal Cancer." Biomolecules 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101406.
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Cellular metabolism alterations have been recognized as one of the most predominant hallmarks of colorectal cancers (CRCs). It is precisely regulated by many oncogenic signaling pathways in all kinds of regulatory levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Among these regulatory factors, epigenetics play an essential role in the modulation of cellular metabolism. On the one hand, epigenetics can regulate cellular metabolism via directly controlling the transcription of genes encoding metabolic enzymes of transporters. On the other hand, epigenetics can regulate major transcriptional factors and signaling pathways that control the transcription of genes encoding metabolic enzymes or transporters, or affecting the translation, activation, stabilization, or translocation of metabolic enzymes or transporters. Interestingly, epigenetics can also be controlled by cellular metabolism. Metabolites not only directly influence epigenetic processes, but also affect the activity of epigenetic enzymes. Actually, both cellular metabolism pathways and epigenetic processes are controlled by enzymes. They are highly intertwined and are essential for oncogenesis and tumor development of CRCs. Therefore, they are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRCs. In recent years, both epigenetic and metabolism inhibitors are studied for clinical use to treat CRCs. In this review, we depict the interplay between epigenetics and cellular metabolism in CRCs and summarize the underlying molecular mechanisms and their potential applications for clinical therapy.
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Mannar, Velmurugan, Hiya Boro, Deepika Patel, Sourabh Agstam, Mazhar Dalvi, and Vikash Bundela. "Epigenetics of the Pathogenesis and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." European Endocrinology 19, no. 1 (2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.46.
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Epigenetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has widened our knowledge of various aspects of the disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the important epigenetic changes implicated in the disease risks, pathogenesis, complications and the evolution of therapeutics in our current understanding of T2DM. Studies published in the past 15 years, from 2007 to 2022, from three primary platforms namely PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct were included. Studies were searched using the primary term 'type 2 diabetes and epigenetics' with additional terms such as ‘risks’, ‘pathogenesis’, ‘complications of diabetes’ and ‘therapeutics’. Epigenetics plays an important role in the transmission of T2DM from one generation to another. Epigenetic changes are also implicated in the two basic pathogenic components of T2DM, namely insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Hyperglycaemia-induced permanent epigenetic modifications of the expression of DNA are responsible for the phenomenon of metabolic memory. Epigenetics influences the development of micro- and macrovascular complications of T2DM. They can also be used as biomarkers in the prediction of these complications. Epigenetics has expanded our understanding of the action of existing drugs such as metformin, and has led to the development of newer targets to prevent vascular complications. Epigenetic changes are involved in almost all aspects of T2DM, from risks, pathogenesis and complications, to the development of newer therapeutic targets.
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Effendi, Wiwin Is, and Tatsuya Nagano. "Epigenetics Approaches toward Precision Medicine for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on DNA Methylation." Biomedicines 11, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041047.
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Genetic information is not transmitted solely by DNA but by the epigenetics process. Epigenetics describes molecular missing link pathways that could bridge the gap between the genetic background and environmental risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Specific epigenetic patterns, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications, long non-coding, and microRNA (miRNAs), affect the endophenotypes underlying the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among all the epigenetic marks, DNA methylation modifications have been the most widely studied in IPF. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning DNA methylation changes in pulmonary fibrosis and demonstrates a promising novel epigenetics-based precision medicine.
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Youness, Eman. "Overview on Epigenetics and Cancer." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/015.
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Epigenetics is considered as the science of hereditary phenotype which does not encompass amendment in the DNA. This occurs through chemical processes that modify the phenotype, without altering the genotype. A large number of studies showed that metabolic diseases are highly associated with epigenetic alterations suggesting that epigenetic factors may play a central role in cancer. Recent advancements in the rapidly evolving field of cancer epigenetics have shown extensive reprogramming of every component of the epigenetic machinery in cancer including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNA expression. Studies of the mechanism(s) of epigenetic regulation and its reversibility have resulted in the identification of novel targets that may be useful in developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Patkin, Eugene L., and Henry A. Sofronov. "Population epigenetics, ecotoxicology and human diseases." Ecological genetics 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2012): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen10414-28.
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The review critically examines the current state of population epigenetics. Possible mechanisms of intergenerational inheritance of epigenetic and epigenomic modifications as a condition of population epigenetics reality are examined. Special attention is paid to the role of external factors, including diet and various chemical compounds as modulators of the epigenome, and the possible inheritance of epigenetic variability characteristics under the influence of such environmental factors. The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the etiology and susceptibility to complex human diseases is considered.
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Masterpasqua, Frank. "Psychology and Epigenetics." Review of General Psychology 13, no. 3 (September 2009): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016301.
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The Human Genome Project mapped the complete DNA sequence that exists in each human cell, but questions remain about how genes are expressed. Epigenetics is defined as mechanisms of gene expression that can be maintained across cell divisions, and thus the life of the organism, without changing the DNA sequence. Recent research has identified important epigenetic mechanisms that play essential roles in normal and abnormal development. Of special significance for psychology are the findings that environmental and psychosocial factors can change the epigenome. Research also suggests that some experiences and epigenetic changes of an individual can be passed down to more than one generation of descendants. Linkages between epigenetics and psychopathology are emerging that point to new possibilities for conceptualizing, preventing, and treating disorders.
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Best, Jonathan D., and Nessa Carey. "The Epigenetics of Normal Pregnancy." Obstetric Medicine 6, no. 1 (December 15, 2011): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2011.110070.
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Epigenetic modifications to chromatin are essential for the specification and maintenance of cell fate, enabling the same genome to programme a variety of cellular outcomes. Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is also a critical mechanism by which cells stabilize their responses to environmental stimuli, including both nutritional cues and hormonal signalling. Unsurprisingly, epigenetics is proving to be vitally important in fetal development, and this review addresses our current understanding of the roles of epigenetic regulation in the prenatal phase. It is striking that while there has been a major interest in the intersection of fetal health with epigenetics, there has been relatively little discussion in the literature on epigenetic changes in the pregnant woman, and we attempt to redress this balance, drawing on the fragmented but intriguing experimental literature in this field.
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Glavaski, Mila, and Karmen Stankov. "Epigenetics in disease etiopathogenesis." Genetika 51, no. 3 (2019): 975–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1903975g.
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The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that are not caused by modifications in DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and non-coding RNA (including microRNA) mediated modifications. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in malignant diseases, imprinting defects, and some hereditary diseases. Recent research explained the role of epigenetic disorders in infections, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and bone diseases, as well as in psoriasis, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Epigenetic modifications have a potential clinical application as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and also as therapeutic targets in oncology, endocrinology, cardiology, and neuropsychiatry. Stress, anxiety, depression, emotions and many other psychological factors may affect epigenetic mechanisms. Influence of preconception parental stress exposure transmits to the next generation through epigenetic changes, as direct results of prenatal and postnatal environmental factors. Epigenetic changes identify environmental factors which affect health and cause disease onset. Milk is the sophisticated system of communication between mother and infant, operating via epigenetic mechanisms. Lifelong consumption of bovine milk causes epigenetic disorders. Recent studies provide important information about the role of bioactive dietary nutrients which modify epigenome in malignancy prevention and therapy. Any interruption in the balance of intestinal microbiota initiates aberrant epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic patterns act as the ?molecular watches? and they play the central role in the establishment of biological rhythms. Epigenetic mechanisms can determine the result of assisted reproductive technology and genetic engineering. The extensive research about the association of epigenetics and pharmacology led to the development of pharmacoepigenetics. All these results emphasize the importance of further research which will take into account all factors that may affect epigenetic mechanisms.
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Venios, Xenophon, Danai Gkizi, Aspasia Nisiotou, Elias Korkas, Sotirios E. Tjamos, Christos Zamioudis, and Georgios Banilas. "Emerging Roles of Epigenetics in Grapevine and Winegrowing." Plants 13, no. 4 (February 13, 2024): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13040515.
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Epigenetics refers to dynamic chemical modifications to the genome that can perpetuate gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in growth and development. They may also drive plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions by buffering environmental variation. Grapevine is an important perennial fruit crop cultivated worldwide, but mostly in temperate zones with hot and dry summers. The decrease in rainfall and the rise in temperature due to climate change, along with the expansion of pests and diseases, constitute serious threats to the sustainability of winegrowing. Ongoing research shows that epigenetic modifications are key regulators of important grapevine developmental processes, including berry growth and ripening. Variations in epigenetic modifications driven by genotype–environment interplay may also lead to novel phenotypes in response to environmental cues, a phenomenon called phenotypic plasticity. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the emerging field of grapevine epigenetics. We primarily highlight the impact of epigenetics to grapevine stress responses and acquisition of stress tolerance. We further discuss how epigenetics may affect winegrowing and also shape the quality of wine.
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Jones, David E., Jennifer S. Park, Katie Gamby, Taylor M. Bigelow, Tesfaye B. Mersha, and Alonzo T. Folger. "Mental Health Epigenetics: A Primer With Implications for Counselors." Professional Counselor 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/dej.11.1.102.
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Epigenetics is the study of modifications to gene expression without an alteration to the DNA sequence. Currently there is limited translation of epigenetics to the counseling profession. The purpose of this article is to inform counseling practitioners and counselor educators about the potential role epigenetics plays in mental health. Current mental health epigenetic research supports that adverse psychosocial experiences are associated with mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and addiction. There are also positive epigenetic associations with counseling interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, diet, and exercise. These mental health epigenetic findings have implications for the counseling profession such as engaging in early life span health prevention and wellness, attending to micro and macro environmental influences during assessment and treatment, collaborating with other health professionals in epigenetic research, and incorporating epigenetic findings into counselor education curricula that meet the standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP).
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Youngson, Neil A., and Margaret J. Morris. "What obesity research tells us about epigenetic mechanisms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1609 (January 5, 2013): 20110337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0337.
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The pathophysiology of obesity is extremely complex and is associated with extensive gene expression changes in tissues throughout the body. This situation, combined with the fact that all gene expression changes are thought to have associated epigenetic changes, means that the links between obesity and epigenetics will undoubtedly be vast. Much progress in identifying epigenetic changes induced by (or inducing) obesity has already been made, with candidate and genome-wide approaches. These discoveries will aid the clinician through increasing our understanding of the inheritance, development and treatment of obesity. However, they are also of great value for epigenetic researchers, as they have revealed mechanisms of environmental interactions with epigenetics that can produce or perpetuate a disease state. Here, we will review the evidence for four mechanisms through which epigenetics contributes to obesity: as downstream effectors of environmental signals; through abnormal global epigenetic state driving obesogenic expression patterns; through facilitating developmental programming and through transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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Monsour, Molly, Jonah Gordon, Gavin Lockard, Adam Alayli, Bassel Elsayed, Jacob Connolly, and Cesar V. Borlongan. "Minor Changes for a Major Impact: A Review of Epigenetic Modifications in Cell-Based Therapies for Stroke." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 13106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113106.
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Epigenetic changes in stroke may revolutionize cell-based therapies aimed at reducing ischemic stroke risk and damage. Epigenetic changes are a novel therapeutic target due to their specificity and potential for reversal. Possible targets for epigenetic modification include DNA methylation and demethylation, post-translational histone modification, and the actions of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. Many of these epigenetic modifications have been reported to modulate atherosclerosis development and progression, ultimately contributing to stroke pathogenesis. Furthermore, epigenetics may play a major role in inflammatory responses following stroke. Stem cells for stroke have demonstrated safety in clinical trials for stroke and show therapeutic benefit in pre-clinical studies. The efficacy of these cell-based interventions may be amplified with adjunctive epigenetic modifications. This review advances the role of epigenetics in atherosclerosis and inflammation in the context of stroke, followed by a discussion on current stem cell studies modulating epigenetics to ameliorate stroke damage.
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Sr, Chrysanthus Chukwuma. "Epigenetics and its essence in understanding human growth, development and disease." Journal of Medical Research 8, no. 5 (November 10, 2022): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2022.8506.
Full textAbstract:
Epigenetics is a scientific discipline encompassing the genetic and non-genetic related perspectives of heritable phenotypic modifications of whose aetiologies include behavioural, anthropogenic, environmental, metabolic and spatiotemporal variables. Behavioral epigenetics examines how epigenetics shapes animal and human behaviour to explicate how nurture moulds nature; nature prefers to biological heredity and nurture prefers to occurrrences in the environment and hereditary during the lifespan of all individuals. Behavioural epigenetics features how experiences and the environment produce individual disparities in behaviour, cognition, personality, and mental health influence gene expression. Epigenetic gene regulation relates to modification of DNA sequence and histones as well as DNA methylation. These epigenetic alterations effect the growth of neurons in the developing brain and functional modification of neurons in the developed brain, with resultant significant alterations in neuron morphology. Epigenetic changes occur in the developing fetus and throughout the lifespan of an individual, with alterations in individual traits and transgenerational inheritance. Epigenetics is associated with heritable changes in gene actions and these are not due to DNA sequence alterations. Epigenetics may be termed sustained, long-run changes in the transcription veracity of a heritable or non-heritable cell. DNA methylation and histone alteration are mechanisms which modify gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Gene expression is driven by repressor protein actions which bind to DNA silencer regions.DNA methylation turns a gene ''off'' culminating in genetic information impairment to be read from DNA, but extricating the methyl tag can turn ''on'' the gene. Histone alteration defines the packaging of DNA into the chromosomes; and.these changes influence gene expression. This review provides the latitude to examine the extant information in the universal characterizations of epigenetic formulations, such as ageing, susceptibility to pollutant and irritant exposure.
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Gavery, Mackenzie R., and Steven B. Roberts. "Epigenetic considerations in aquaculture." PeerJ 5 (December 7, 2017): e4147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4147.
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Epigenetics has attracted considerable attention with respect to its potential value in many areas of agricultural production, particularly under conditions where the environment can be manipulated or natural variation exists. Here we introduce key concepts and definitions of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA, review the current understanding of epigenetics in both fish and shellfish, and propose key areas of aquaculture where epigenetics could be applied. The first key area is environmental manipulation, where the intention is to induce an ‘epigenetic memory’ either within or between generations to produce a desired phenotype. The second key area is epigenetic selection, which, alone or combined with genetic selection, may increase the reliability of producing animals with desired phenotypes. Based on aspects of life history and husbandry practices in aquaculture species, the application of epigenetic knowledge could significantly affect the productivity and sustainability of aquaculture practices. Conversely, clarifying the role of epigenetic mechanisms in aquaculture species may upend traditional assumptions about selection practices. Ultimately, there are still many unanswered questions regarding how epigenetic mechanisms might be leveraged in aquaculture.
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Pei, Yonggang, and Erle S. Robertson. "The Crosstalk of Epigenetics and Metabolism in Herpesvirus Infection." Viruses 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121377.
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Epigenetics is a versatile player in manipulating viral infection and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of viral-induced diseases. Both epigenetics and metabolism are crucial in establishing a highly specific transcriptional network, which may promote or suppress virus infection. Human herpesvirus infection can induce a broad range of human malignancies and is largely dependent on the status of cellular epigenetics as well as its related metabolism. However, the crosstalk between epigenetics and metabolism during herpesvirus infection has not been fully explored. Here, we describe how epigenetic regulation of cellular metabolism affects herpesvirus infection and induces viral diseases. This further highlights the importance of epigenetics and metabolism during viral infection and provides novel insights into the development of targeted therapies.
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Tarashi, Samira, Sara Ahmadi Badi, Arfa Moshiri, Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh, Abolfazl Fateh, Farzam Vaziri, Hossein Aazami, Seyed Davar Siadat, and Andrea Fuso. "The inter-talk between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the epigenetic mechanisms." Epigenomics 12, no. 5 (March 2020): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2019-0187.
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Epigenetics regulate gene function without any alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetics represent one of the most important regulators in different cellular processes and have initially been developed in microorganisms as a protective strategy. The evaluation of the epigenetic mechanisms is also important in achieving an efficient control strategy in tuberculosis (TB). TB is one of the most significant epidemiological concerns in human history. Despite several in vivo and in vitro studies that have evaluated different epigenetic modifications in TB, many aspects of the association between epigenetics and TB are not fully understood. The current paper is aimed at reviewing our knowledge on histone modifications and DNA methylation modifications, as well as miRNAs regulation in TB.
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Olejnik-Wojciechowska, Joanna, Dominika Boboryko, Aleksandra Wiktoria Bratborska, Klaudia Rusińska, Piotr Ostrowski, Magdalena Baranowska, and Andrzej Pawlik. "The Role of Epigenetic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (March 29, 2024): 3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25073831.
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, the prevalence of which is increasing. Genetic, genomic, and epigenetic changes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This review summarizes the impact of epigenetics on the development of psoriasis and highlights challenges for the future. The development of epigenetics provides a basis for the search for genetic markers associated with the major histocompatibility complex. Genome-wide association studies have made it possible to link psoriasis to genes and therefore to epigenetics. The acquired knowledge may in the future serve as a solid foundation for developing newer, increasingly effective methods of treating psoriasis. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Li, Jiaqiu, Hongchuan Jin, and Xian Wang. "Epigenetic Biomarkers: Potential Applications in Gastrointestinal Cancers." ISRN Gastroenterology 2014 (March 6, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/464015.
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Genetics and epigenetics coregulate the cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. Aberrant epigenetic modifications play a fundamental role in the formation of gastrointestinal cancers. Advances in epigenetics offer a better understanding of the carcinogenesis and provide new insights into the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of human cancers. This review aims to overview the epigenetic aberrance and the clinical applications as biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers mainly gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.
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Liu, Na, Rongtong Zhao, Yue Ma, Dongyuan Wang, Chen Yan, Dongxian Zhou, Feng Yin, and Zigang Li. "The Development of Epigenetics and Related Inhibitors for Targeted Drug Design in Cancer Therapy." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 28 (February 12, 2019): 2380–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666181115092623.
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Epigenetics process is the heritable change in gene function that does not involve changes in the DNA sequence. Until now, several types of epigenetic mechanisms have been characterized, including DNA methylation, histone modification (acetylation, methylation, etc.), nucleosome remodeling, and noncoding RNAs. With the biological investigations of these modifiers, some of them are identified as promoters in the process of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and virus infection. Epigenetic changes may serve as potential “first hits” for tumorigenesis. Hence, targeting epigenetic modifiers is being considered as a promising way for disease treatment. To date, six agents in two epigenetic target classes (DNMT and HDAC) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Most of these drugs are applied in leukemia, lymphoma therapy, or are combined with other drugs for the treatment of solid tumor. Due to the rapid development of epigenetics and epigenetics targeted drugs, it is becoming an emerging area in targeted drug design.
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Mir, Snober Shabnam, Uzma Afaq, Adria Hasan, Suroor Fatima Rizvi, and Sana Parveen. "Novel Insights into Epigenetic Control of Autophagy in Cancer." OBM Genetics 06, no. 04 (November 8, 2022): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.genet.2204170.
Full textAbstract:
The autophagy mechanism recycles the damaged and long-standing macromolecular substrates and thus maintains cellular homeostatic and proteostatic conditions. Autophagy can be an unavoidable target in cancer therapy because its deregulation leads to cancer formation and progression. Cancer can be controlled by regulating autophagy at different genetic, epigenetic, and post-translational levels. Epigenetics refers to the heritable phenotypic changes that affect gene activity without changing the sequence. Modern biology employs epigenetic alterations as molecular tools to detect and treat a wide range of disorders, including cancer. However, modulating autophagy at the epigenetic level may inhibit cancer growth and progression. Epigenetics-targeting drugs involved in preclinical and clinical trials may trigger antitumor immunity. Here, we have reviewed some experimental evidence in which epigenetics have been used to control deregulated autophagy in cancerous diseases. Furthermore, we also reviewed some current clinical trials of epigenetic therapy against cancer. We hope that this information can be utilized in the near future to treat and overcome cancer.
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Fan, Shijie, Yu Chen, Cheng Luo, and Fanwang Meng. "Machine Learning Methods in Precision Medicine Targeting Epigenetic Diseases." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 34 (January 22, 2019): 3998–4006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666181112114228.
Full textAbstract:
Background: On a tide of big data, machine learning is coming to its day. Referring to huge amounts of epigenetic data coming from biological experiments and clinic, machine learning can help in detecting epigenetic features in genome, finding correlations between phenotypes and modifications in histone or genes, accelerating the screen of lead compounds targeting epigenetics diseases and many other aspects around the study on epigenetics, which consequently realizes the hope of precision medicine. Methods: In this minireview, we will focus on reviewing the fundamentals and applications of machine learning methods which are regularly used in epigenetics filed and explain their features. Their advantages and disadvantages will also be discussed. Results: Machine learning algorithms have accelerated studies in precision medicine targeting epigenetics diseases. Conclusion: In order to make full use of machine learning algorithms, one should get familiar with the pros and cons of them, which will benefit from big data by choosing the most suitable method(s).
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Liu, Yu’e, Chao Chen, Xinye Wang, Yihong Sun, Jin Zhang, Juxiang Chen, and Yufeng Shi. "An Epigenetic Role of Mitochondria in Cancer." Cells 11, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162518.
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Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These metabolites include acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), NAD+, and O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which are the main substrates for DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications, essential for gene transcriptional regulation and cell fate determination. Tumorigenesis is attributed to many factors, including gene mutations and tumor microenvironment. Mitochondria and epigenetics play essential roles in tumor initiation, evolution, metastasis, and recurrence. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics are promising therapeutic strategies for tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize the roles of mitochondria in key metabolites required for epigenetics modification and in cell fate regulation and discuss the current strategy in cancer therapies via targeting epigenetic modifiers and related enzymes in metabolic regulation. This review is an important contribution to the understanding of the current metabolic-epigenetic-tumorigenesis concept.
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Roalsø, Marcus T. T., Øyvind H. Hald, Marina Alexeeva, and Kjetil Søreide. "Emerging Role of Epigenetic Alterations as Biomarkers and Novel Targets for Treatments in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma." Cancers 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030546.
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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence shows that epigenetic alterations are present in PDAC. The changes are potentially reversible and therefore promising therapeutic targets. Epigenetic aberrations also influence the tumor microenvironment with the potential to modulate and possibly enhance immune-based treatments. Epigenetic marks can also serve as diagnostic screening tools, as epigenetic changes occur at early stages of the disease. Further, epigenetics can be used in prognostication. The field is evolving, and this review seeks to provide an updated overview of the emerging role of epigenetics in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of PDAC.
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Słowikowski, Bartosz, Wojciech Owecki, Jan Jeske, Michał Jezierski, Michał Draguła, Ulyana Goutor, Paweł P. Jagodziński, Wojciech Kozubski, and Jolanta Dorszewska. "Epigenetics and the neurodegenerative process." Epigenomics 16, no. 7 (April 2024): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/epi-2023-0416.
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Neurological diseases are multifactorial, genetic and environmental. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity and emotional state are epigenetic factors. Environmental markers are responsible for epigenetic modifications. The effect of epigenetic changes is increased inflammation of the nervous system and neuronal damage. In recent years, it has been shown that epigenetic changes may cause an increased risk of neurological disorders but, currently, the relationship between epigenetic modifications and neurodegeneration remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge about neurological disorders caused by epigenetic changes in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy. Advances in epigenetic techniques may be key to understanding the epigenetics of central changes in neurological diseases.
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Dubinskaya, E. D., A. S. Gasparov, S. N. Kolesnikova, I. V. Kholban, and I. A. Babicheva. "Epigenetics in Clinical Gynecology." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 20, no. 2 (2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2021-2-110-116.
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The analysis of literature data has shown that various epigenetic mechanisms, both transgenerational and generational (associated with the peculiarities of present existence) have a significant influence on the formation of gynecological diseases. The analysis of the pathogenesis of gynecological diseases in terms of epigenetic mechanisms expands the possibilities of personalized prevention, prognosis and treatment. Key words: epigenetics, environmental factors, diabetes, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome
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Moore-Morris, Thomas, Patrick Piet van Vliet, Gregor Andelfinger, and Michel Puceat. "Role of Epigenetics in Cardiac Development and Congenital Diseases." Physiological Reviews 98, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 2453–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00048.2017.
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The heart is the first organ to be functional in the fetus. Heart formation is a complex morphogenetic process regulated by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most prominent congenital diseases. Genetics is not sufficient to explain these diseases or the impact of them on patients. Epigenetics is more and more emerging as a basis for cardiac malformations. This review brings the essential knowledge on cardiac biology of development. It further provides a broad background on epigenetics with a focus on three-dimensional conformation of chromatin. Then, we summarize the current knowledge of the impact of epigenetics on cardiac cell fate decision. We further provide an update on the epigenetic anomalies in the genesis of CHD.
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Anitharaj Fernandes, Silviniya. "AMA AND EPIGENETICS MODIFIER IN THE MANIFESTATION OF VYADHI." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2023): 2825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2611112023.
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We know that before treating any vyadhi, it is essential to analyse the sama or nirama stage of dosha. The changes brought by ama can be considered abnormal epigenetic modification. The internal pathology produced in the tissues, which is not visible but can be analysed through changes happening in the body, can be co-related to epigenetic changes. Epigenetics can be modified by different factors such as diet, lifestyle, behavioural changes, infection, pollution, etc., and the pathological changes in epigenetics brought by these factors can be considered as brought about by Ama, as the formation of Ama is also influenced by these physical, psychological and environmental factors. Hence, a conceptual study is done to analyse the relation between ama and epigenetics.
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Grishok, Alla. "Small RNAs Worm Up Transgenerational Epigenetics Research." DNA 1, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dna1020005.
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DNA is central to the propagation and evolution of most living organisms due to the essential process of its self-replication. Yet it also encodes factors that permit epigenetic (not included in DNA sequence) flow of information from parents to their offspring and beyond. The known mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance include chemical modifications of DNA and chromatin, as well as regulatory RNAs. All these factors can modulate gene expression programs in the ensuing generations. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is recognized as a pioneer organism in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance research. Recent advances in C. elegans epigenetics include the discoveries of control mechanisms that limit the duration of RNA-based epigenetic inheritance, periodic DNA motifs that counteract epigenetic silencing establishment, new mechanistic insights into epigenetic inheritance carried by sperm, and the tantalizing examples of inheritance of sensory experiences. This review aims to highlight new findings in epigenetics research in C. elegans with the main focus on transgenerational epigenetic phenomena dependent on small RNAs.
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Volkov, N. M. "Epigenetics: perspectives of targeted therapy." Practical oncology 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31917/2303170.
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This lecture presents the theoretic ground for the role of epigenetics in tumor growth regulation and microenvironment function. Background for therapeutic intervention into main epigenetic regulation mechanisms is described. Also some preclinical and clinical research data in this area are presented. Further future perspectives of epigenetic therapies development are discussed.
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Wolffe, Alan P., and Marjori A. Matzke. "Epigenetics: Regulation Through Repression." Science 286, no. 5439 (October 15, 1999): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5439.481.
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Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression that occur without a change in DNA sequence. Epigenetic phenomena have major economic and medical relevance, and several, such as imprinting and paramutation, violate Mendelian principles. Recent discoveries link the recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology to the targeting of DNA methylation, chromosome remodeling, and RNA turnover. Although epigenetic mechanisms help to protect cells from parasitic elements, this defense can complicate the genetic manipulation of plants and animals. Essential for normal development, epigenetic controls become misdirected in cancer cells and other human disease syndromes.