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Uplaonkar, Shilpa V., Mandakini Tengli, Syeda Farheen, and Pratima S. "Histopathological Study of Tumours of Epidermis and Epidermal Appendages." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 6, no. 2 (Part-2) (2017): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.62(pt-ii)17.22.
Bogdanova, I. O., and L. A. Kartseva. "Leaf epidermal structure of extant gnetales (Gnetum L.) and the Middle Jurassic bennettitales (Nilssoniopteris Nathorst and Ptilophyllum Morris)." Palaeobotany 12 (2021): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/palaeobotany/2021.12.56.
The leaf epidermis of four species of Gnetum L. and four species of the Jurassic Bennettitales (Nilssoniopteris Nathorst and Ptilophyllum Morris) were studied. In addition to the description of qualitative characters, the analysis of various quantitative characters was carried out using statistical methods. Coefficients of variation for quantitative characters of the epidermal structure in Gnetum range from 6.4 to 24.0%, in Ptilophyllum from 15.7 to 63.5%, in Nilssoniopteris from 18.0 to 39.9%. The sinuosity of tangential cell walls of the epidermal cells in the upper and lower epidermis is the stable character in both groups of plants (Cv ≤ 18.0%). In Ptilophyllum and Gnetum, the length of stomata demonstrates a low level of common variability (Cv ≤ 16.8%). A significant range in the coefficients of variation in both Gnetum and the studied genera of Bennettitales is typical for the number of epidermal cells per 1 mm2 of the upper and lower epidermis (17.5% ≤ Cv ≤ 31.9%), the area of the epidermal cells of the upper and lower epidermis (21.2% ≤ Cv ≤ 63.5%), and the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the epidermis (29.3% ≤ Cv ≤ 39.9%). The similarity in the correlation structure of epidermal characters is manifested in the correlation between sinuosity of tangential cell walls of epidermal cells, the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the epidermis, and size of epidermal cells, as well as between the length of the stomata and the number of epidermal cells and also between the stomatal index and the number of cells in epidermis. In Gnetum, the ratio of the number of differentiated stomata correlates with the number of aborted stomata per 1 mm2 of epidermis. In N. angustifolia and P. caucasicum, the number of stomata correlates with the number of papillae per 1 mm2.
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DESAI, Rinku Jitendrakumar, Vinay Madhukar RAOLE, and Arun Omprakash ARYA. "Comparative Foliar Epidermal Studies in Coix lacryma-jobi L. andCoix aquatica Roxb. (Poaceae)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2009): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb113449.
As micromorphological knowledge was not available for Coix aquatica Roxb., the foliar epidermal studies were carried out for Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Coix aquatica Roxb. with the aim of determining the patterns of variation in their epidermal characteristics and assessing their value in species identification. Comparative foliar analysis was carried out by using light microscopy, after following routine scraping method. The characters of diagnostic importance in the identification of C. aquatica are the sparsely distributed prickle hairs with long pointed apex in the abaxial epidermis and dumbbell shaped silica cells in both the epidermises. The diagnostic characters for C. lacryma-jobi are the cross shaped silica cells and dumbbell shaped on the abaxial and adaxial epidermis respectively. The observed differences in certain micromorphological characters helps in identification of presently studied two species of Coix.
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du Cros, D. L., K. Isaacs, and G. P. Moore. "Distribution of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in ovine skin during follicle morphogenesis." Journal of Cell Science 105, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.105.3.667.
Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) have been localized by immunochemistry in ovine skin during wool follicle morphogenesis. At 40 days of gestation, prior to the appearance of follicle primordia, bFGF immunoreactivity was detected in the intermediate and periderm layers of the epidermis and at the dermal-epidermal junction. Antibodies to aFGF did not bind to skin at this age. During early follicle formation, at 76 days of gestation, both FGFs were found in the epidermis and associated with the follicle primordia. Antibodies to aFGF, in particular, bound to the basal cells of the epidermis and the follicle cell aggregations. With the development of epidermal plugs, bFGF was confined to the intermediate layers of the epidermis and the dermal-epidermal junction, whereas aFGF staining was associated with the cells of the epidermis and the plugs. At 90 days, when many different stages of follicle development were in evidence, immunoreactivity for both FGFs was associated with the cells of the elongating epidermal column, particularly those adjacent to the dermal-epidermal junction. During follicle maturation, bFGF was found in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis, in the outer root sheath of the follicle and in the basement membrane zone surrounding the bulb matrix. Conversely, strong staining for aFGF was observed in the epidermis and pilary canal contiguous with the epidermis, and in cells of the upper bulb matrix of the follicle in the region of the keratogenous zone. Western blotting of extracts of mature follicles that had been isolated from the skin showed the presence of a major aFGF immunoreactive band with an apparent molecular mass of 27 kDa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Lewis, Natasha Steffi, Geetika Chouhan, Vivek Belapurkar, Prateek Arora, Satyanarayan, Sri Rama Koti Ainavarapu, and Mahendra Sonawane. "A new tension induction paradigm unravels tissue response and the importance of E-cadherin in the developing epidermis." International Journal of Developmental Biology 64, no. 4-5-6 (2020): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.190219ms.
The epidermis, being the outermost epithelial layer in metazoans, experiences multiple external and self-generated mechanical stimuli. The tissue-scale response to these mechanical stresses has been actively studied in the adult stratified epidermis. However, the response of the developing bi-layered epidermis to differential tension and its molecular regulation has remained poorly characterised. Here we report an oil injection based method, which in combination with atomic force microscopy (AFM), allows manipulation as well as estimation of tension in the developing epidermis. Our results show that the injection of mineral oil into the brain ventricle of developing zebrafish embryos stretches the overlying epidermis. The epidermal tension increases linearly with the injected volume of oil and the injection of 14-17 nL oil results in a two-fold increase in epidermal tension. This increase in epidermal tension is sufficient to elicit a physiological response characterised by temporal changes in the cell cross-sectional area and an increase in cell proliferation. Our data further indicate that the depletion of E-cadherin in the epidermis is detrimental for tissue integrity under increased mechanical stress. The application of this experimental paradigm in a genetically tractable organism such as zebrafish can be useful in uncovering mechanisms of tension sustenance in the developing epidermis.
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Ogawa, Youichi, Manao Kinoshita, Shinji Shimada, and Tatsuyoshi Kawamura. "Zinc in Keratinocytes and Langerhans Cells: Relevance to the Epidermal Homeostasis." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (December 9, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5404093.
In the skin, the epidermis is continuously exposed to various kinds of external substances and stimuli. Therefore, epidermal barriers are crucial for providing protection, safeguarding health, and regulating water balance by maintaining skin homeostasis. Disruption of the epidermal barrier allows external substances and stimuli to invade or stimulate the epidermal cells, leading to the elicitation of skin inflammation. The major components of the epidermal barrier are the stratum corneum (SC) and tight junctions (TJs). The presence of zinc in the epidermis promotes epidermal homeostasis; hence, this study reviewed the role of zinc in the formation and function of the SC and TJs. Langerhans cells (LCs) are one of the antigen-presenting cells found in the epidermis. They form TJs with adjacent keratinocytes (KCs), capture external antigens, and induce antigen-specific immune reactions. Thus, the function of zinc in LCs was examined in this review. We also summarized the general knowledge of zinc and zinc transporters in the epidermis with updated findings.
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Matsui, Takeshi. "Epidermal Barrier Development via Corneoptosis: A Unique Form of Cell Death in Stratum Granulosum Cells." Journal of Developmental Biology 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb11040043.
Epidermal development is responsible for the formation of the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis. The establishment of the epidermal barrier is a critical aspect of mammalian development. Proper formation of the epidermis, which is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, is essential for the survival of terrestrial vertebrates because it acts as a crucial protective barrier against external threats such as pathogens, toxins, and physical trauma. In mammals, epidermal development begins from the embryonic surface ectoderm, which gives rise to the basal layer of the epidermis. This layer undergoes a series of complex processes that lead to the formation of subsequent layers, including the stratum intermedium, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. The stratum corneum, which is the topmost layer of the epidermis, is formed by corneoptosis, a specialized form of cell death. This process involves the transformation of epidermal keratinocytes in the granular layer into flattened dead cells, which constitute the protective barrier. In this review, we focus on the intricate mechanisms that drive the development and establishment of the mammalian epidermis to gain insight into the complex processes that govern this vital biological system.
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Stoler, A., R. Kopan, M. Duvic, and E. Fuchs. "Use of monospecific antisera and cRNA probes to localize the major changes in keratin expression during normal and abnormal epidermal differentiation." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.2.427.
We report here the isolation and characterization of three antisera, each of which is specific for a single keratin from one of the three different pairs (K1/K10, K14/K5, K16/K6) that are differentially expressed in normal human epidermis and in epidermal diseases of hyperproliferation. We have used these antisera in conjunction with monospecific cRNA probes for epidermal keratin mRNAs to investigate pathways of differentiation in human epidermis and epidermal diseases in vivo and in epidermal cells cultured from normal skin and from squamous cell carcinomas in vitro. Specifically, our results suggest that: (a) the basal-specific keratin mRNAs are down-regulated upon commitment to terminal differentiation, but their encoded proteins are stable, and can be detected throughout the spinous layers; (b) the hyperproliferation-associated keratin mRNAs are expressed at a low level throughout normal epidermis when their encoded proteins are not expressed, but are synthesized at high levels in the suprabasal layers of hyperproliferating epidermis, coincident with the induced expression of the hyperproliferation-associated keratins in these cells; and (c) concomitantly with the induction of the hyperproliferation-associated keratins in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis is the down-regulation of the expression of the terminal differentiation-specific keratins. These data have important implications for our understanding of normal epidermal differentiation and the deviations from this process in the course of epidermal diseases of hyperproliferation.
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Dubé, Martin, and Pierre Morisset. "L'emploi des caractères épidermiques dans l'étude taxonomique du Festuca rubra lato sensu (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-058.
The leaf epidermis from a collection of 33 specimens encompassing most of the morphological variation of Festuca rubra in Eastern Canada and including two cytotypes (2n = 42 and 2n = 56) is described with 16 characters. The leaf epidermal composition differs markedly between culms and vegetative shoots. Many epidermal characters, particularly those from the vegetative shoots, are among the best ones for distinguishing between the two cytotypes. Parallel analyses using nine anatomical characters show the greater taxonomical potential of epidermis. Keywords: Festuca rubra, leaf, epidermis, anatomy, cytotypes.
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Koria, Piyush, and Stelios T. Andreadis. "KGF promotes integrin α5expression through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 3 (September 2007): C1020—C1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00169.2007.
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and α5β1-integrin are not expressed in normal skin but they are both highly upregulated in the migrating epidermis during wound healing. Here we report that KGF increased α5mRNA and protein levels in epidermoid carcinoma cells and stratified bioengineered epidermis. Interestingly, KGF increased integrin α5in the basal as well as suprabasal cell epidermal layers. Promoter studies indicated that KGF-induced integrin α5promoter activation was dependent on the C/EBP transcription factor binding site. Accordingly, KGF induced sustained phosphorylation of C/EBP-β that was dependent on activation of ERK1/2. In addition, a dominant negative form of C/EBP-β inhibited α5promoter activity and blocking C/EBP-β with siRNA diminished integrin α5expression. Taken together, our data indicate that KGF increased integrin α5expression by phosphorylating C/EBP-β. Interestingly, KGF-induced upregulation of integrin α5was more pronounced in three-dimensional tissue analogues than in conventional two-dimensional culture suggesting that stratified epidermis may be useful in understanding the effects of growth factors in the local tissue microenvironment.
Fear, Mark William. "Wnt signalling in normal adult epidermis and epidermal tumours." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406139.
Akinduro, Olufolake A. E. "Autophagy in epidermis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8703.
Organ‐transplant recipients (OTRs) on a new class of immunosuppressants, rapamycin and its analogues, have reduced cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas (cSCCs). Rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, is also a known autophagy inducer in experimental models. Autophagy, which literally means self‐eating, is a cell survival mechanism but can also lead to cell death. Therefore, the main hypothesis behind this work is that rapamycin prevents epidermal tumourigenesis by either affecting epidermal mTOR regulation of autophagy and/or selectively affecting epidermal AKT isoform activity. Epidermal keratinocytes move from the proliferating basal layer upwards to the granular layers where they terminally differentiate, forming a layer of flattened, anucleate cells or squames of the cornified layer which provides an essential environmental barrier. However, epidermal terminal differentiation, a specialised form of cell death involving organelle degradation, is poorly understood. The work presented in this thesis shows that analysis of the autophagy marker expression profile during foetal epidermal development, indicates autophagy is constitutively active in the terminally differentiating granular layer of epidermis. Therefore, I hypothesize that autophagy is a mechanism of organelle degradation during terminal differentiation of granular layer keratinocytes. In monolayer keratinocytes, activation of terminal differentiation is accompanied by autophagic degradation of nuclear material, nucleophagy. This suggests that constitutive autophagy is a pro‐death mechanism required for terminal differentiation. In cultured keratinocytes and in epidermal cultures, rapamycinmediated mTORC1 inhibition strongly increases AKT1 activity as well as up‐regulates constitutive granular layer autophagy promoting terminal differentiation. Therefore, autophagy is an important fundamental process in keratinocytes which may be the mechanism by which terminally differentiating keratinocytes of the epidermal granular layer degrade their organelles required for barrier formation. This may have implications for the treatment of patients with barrier defects like psoriasis. In immunosuppressed OTRs, rapamycin may promote epidermal autophagy and AKT1 activity adding to its anti‐tumourigenic properties.
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O'Shaughnessy, Ryan Francis Lucas. "Analysis of gene expression in normal and neoplastic keratinocytes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325883.
Gdula, Michal R. "Establishing tissue-specific chromatin organization during development of the epidermis. Nuclear architecture of different layers of murine epidermis and the role of p63 and Satb1 in establishing tissue-specific organization of the epidermal differentiation complex locus." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5382.
During development, multipotent stem cells establish tissue-specific
programmes of gene expression that underlie a process of differentiation into
specialized cell types.
It was shown in the study that changes in the nuclear architecture during
terminal keratinocyte differentiation show correlation with the dynamics of the
transcriptional and metabolic activity. In particular, terminal differentiation is
accompanied by the decrease of nuclear volume, elongation of its shape,
reduction of the number and fusion of nucleoli, increase in the number of
centromeric clusters and a dramatic decrease of the transcriptional activity.
Global changes in the nuclear architecture of epidermal keratinocytes are
associated with marked remodelling of the higher-order chromatin structure of
the epidermal differentiating complex (EDC). EDC is positioned peripherally in
the epidermal nuclei at E11.5 when its genes show low expression levels and
relocates towards the nuclear interior at E16.5 when EDC genes are markedly
upregulated.
P63 transcription factor serving as a master regulator of epidermal development
is involved in the control of EDC relocation in epidermal progenitor cells. The
epidermis of E16.5 p63KO exhibits significantly more peripheral positioning of
the EDC loci, compared to wild-type.
The genome organizer Satb1 serving as a direct p63 target controls higher
order chromatin folding of the central part of EDC and Satb1 knockout mice
show alterations of epidermal development and expression of the EDC
encoded genes. Thus, this study shows that the programme of epidermal development and
terminal differentiation is regulated by p63 and other factors and include marked
remodelling of three-dimensional nuclear organization and positioning of tissue
specific gene loci. In addition to the direct involvement of p63 in controlling the
expression of tissue-specific genes, p63 via regulation of the chromatin
remodelling factors such as Satb1 promotes establishing specific conformation
of the EDC locus required for efficient expression of terminal differentiation-associated genes.
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Löwenau, Lilian Julia [Verfasser]. "Human epidermis reconstructed from UV-B irradiated keratinocytes mimics epidermal ageing / Lilian Julia Löwenau." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121588123/34.
Ledesma, Jenilyn A. "A stereological and AgNOR analysis of the epidermis and naevi of Chinese." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18656547.
Gdula, Michal Ryszard. "Establishing tissue-specific chromatin organization during development of the epidermis : nuclear architecture of different layers of murine epidermis and the role of p63 and Satb1 in establishing tissue-specific organization of the epidermal differentiation complex locus." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5382.
During development, multipotent stem cells establish tissue-specific programmes of gene expression that underlie a process of differentiation into specialized cell types. It was shown in the study that changes in the nuclear architecture during terminal keratinocyte differentiation show correlation with the dynamics of the transcriptional and metabolic activity. In particular, terminal differentiation is accompanied by the decrease of nuclear volume, elongation of its shape, reduction of the number and fusion of nucleoli, increase in the number of centromeric clusters and a dramatic decrease of the transcriptional activity. Global changes in the nuclear architecture of epidermal keratinocytes are associated with marked remodelling of the higher-order chromatin structure of the epidermal differentiating complex (EDC). EDC is positioned peripherally in the epidermal nuclei at E11.5 when its genes show low expression levels and relocates towards the nuclear interior at E16.5 when EDC genes are markedly upregulated. P63 transcription factor serving as a master regulator of epidermal development is involved in the control of EDC relocation in epidermal progenitor cells. The epidermis of E16.5 p63KO exhibits significantly more peripheral positioning of the EDC loci, compared to wild-type. The genome organizer Satb1 serving as a direct p63 target controls higher order chromatin folding of the central part of EDC and Satb1 knockout mice show alterations of epidermal development and expression of the EDC encoded genes. Thus, this study shows that the programme of epidermal development and terminal differentiation is regulated by p63 and other factors and include marked remodelling of three-dimensional nuclear organization and positioning of tissue specific gene loci. In addition to the direct involvement of p63 in controlling the expression of tissue-specific genes, p63 via regulation of the chromatin remodelling factors such as Satb1 promotes establishing specific conformation of the EDC locus required for efficient expression of terminal differentiation-associated genes.
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Raj, N. "Mechanistic studies on the human epidermis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1531697/.
This thesis is an effort to study the concepts of skin barrier function in relation to skin physiology and biochemistry. The study focused on anatomical differences, effects of photoaging, the sensitivity of skin and pigmentation differences. The most photoexposed area of the skin is the face, so the study was designed to evaluate the factors responsible for barrier function in the facial stratum corneum. Firstly, stratum corneum (SC) protein estimated using a colorimetric assay was compared to the non-destructive Squamescan® method. The study found a good correlation between the two methods for forearm and cheek SC protein. The anatomical differences in relation to filaggrin (filaggrin) degrading proteases bleomycin hydrolase (BH) and calpain-1 (C-1) together with the pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) were analysed from tape strips of cheek, forearm and leg. The results showed the highest activity of filaggrin degrading proteases in the tapes 4-12. Interestingly, the lowest PCA level was quantified from the cheek, in spite of higher protease activity compared to the other two sites. The next study aimed at understanding the variations of these biomarkers in relation to pigmentation and photodamage. The results showed that the photodamage is associated with a significant decrease in SC barrier function. The study also investigated the role of ethnic differences in SC biochemistry and demonstrated that subjects with the highest level of photodamage had increased levels of plasmin activity and reduced cell maturation. Finally, the last study focused on sensitive skin. Biomarkers were measured in samples taken from the cheek. BH and PCA were found to be lowest in sensitive subjects. The lower corneocyte maturity in the sensitive group was well correlated with the lower transglutaminase activity. This thesis highlights the need to improve NMF levels and the activities of late stage filaggrin degrading enzymes together with a proper differentiation of corneocytes in order to improve the SC barrier. In conclusion, the thesis reports new methods of quantification of the filaggrin degrading enzyme activity, plasmin activity and PCA levels from tape strips. New data have also been generated for variation of these biomarkers in different anatomical sites, ethnicities and skin conditions generated which will provide more information about the molecular biochemistry of SC.
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Easty, David Julia. "A study of the biochemistry and immunochemistry of differentiation of the normal epidermis and involved psoriatic epidermis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47044.
Harper, Erin Gail. "Adhesion to laminin 5 suppresses p38 map kinase and activating transcription factor 3 in leading keratinocytes of epidermal wounds /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9299.
Palmer, Patricia G. A scanning electron microscope survey of the epidermis of East African grasses, IV. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986.
Suarez, Maria J. "Epidermis." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_895-1.
Montagna, William, Albert M. Kligman, and Kay S. Carlisle. "Epidermis." In Atlas of Normal Human Skin, 7–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9202-6_3.
Pavelka, Margit, and Jürgen Roth. "Epidermis." In Functional Ultrastructure, 240–41. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99390-3_124.
Whitear, Mary. "Epidermis." In Biology of the Integument, 8–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00989-5_2.
Fox, Harold. "Epidermis." In Biology of the Integument, 78–110. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00989-5_5.
Suarez, Maria J. "Epidermis." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 732–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_895.
Campos-Ortega, José A., and Volker Hartenstein. "Epidermis." In The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster, 163–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22489-2_8.
Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya, et al. "Epidermis." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1355. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3633.
Parkinson, E. Kenneth, and W. Andrew Yeudall. "Epidermis." In Human Cancer in Primary Culture, A Handbook, 187–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3304-3_8.
Gooch, Jan W. "Epidermis." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 891. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13687.
Viator, John A., Guillermo Aguilar, Steven L. Jacques, and J. Stuart Nelson. "Optimization of Cryogen Spray Cooling for Port Wine Stain Laser Therapy Using Photoacoustic Measurement of Epidermal Melanin." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43169.
Treatment of vascular skin lesions, such as port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks, uses laser energy to thermally damage the hypervascular regions in the dermis. Delivery of sufficient laser energy to the dermis can be confounded by the more superficial epidermal melanin layer, a broadband optical absorber. Laser pulses directed at skin lesions may result in excessive heating and scarring of the epidermis, resulting also in limiting the energy available to treat the dermal lesion. Cryogen spray cooling is used to selectively cool the epidermis, allowing the use of higher laser fluences which cause thermal damage in the deeper lesion, while preventing hypertrophic scarring of the epidermis. In order to optimize cryogen cooling and laser pulse parameter for treatment, the depth profile of the epidermal melanin layer and vascular lesion must be known. We use a photoacoustic probe to determine this depth profile. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser emitting 532 nm light pulses of 4 ns duration is used to excite acoustic waves in epidermal melanin and hemoglobin in the vascular lesions via a miniature probe incorporating a piezoelectric detector. We used acoustic propagation time to determine the spatial relationship of the absorbing structures, thereby giving the necessary means to determine cryogen spurt and laser pulse timing. We present a finite difference thermal model along with data from tissue phantoms showing the effectiveness of the photoacoustic method.
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Viator, John S., Steven L. Jacques, and Guillermo Aguilar. "Imaging of Port Wine Stain Lesions Using a Multi-Sensor Photoacoustic Probe." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60872.
Successful treatment of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in human skin utilizes cryogen spray cooling (CSC) in conjunction with laser treatment. CSC pre-cools the epidermis to protect it from subsequent laser irradiation which raises the temperature of both the epidermis and the deeper PWS. As the epidermal temperature is depressed by cryogen, damage to the skin surface is minimized while the PWS reaches temperatures sufficient to permanently damage the lesion. In order to optimize cooling and laser heating dosages and to properly guide laser therapy, the spatial relationship of epidermal melanin and PWS must be known. Photoacoustic depth profiling of human skin uses low energy, nanosecond pulses of laser light to induce acoustic waves in optically absorbing media, such as blood and melanin. We used a 532 nm Nd:YAG laser to measure total epidermal melanin content in human skin, comparing the results with visible reflectance spectroscopy. Furthermore, we performed numerical simulations of photoacoustic generation in skin, showing that a hemisperical acoustic sensor array could be used to reconstruct the rete pattern of epidermal melanin in the basal layer. Finally, we built a hemispherical probe for use in future experiments for imaging of human skin.
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hayder ALMEHANYA, Farqad, and Azhar Abdulameer SOSA. "ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE EPIDERMIS LEAVES FOR SOME GENUS OF ASTERACEAE IN DIWANIYAH." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-37.
The current research includes anatomical study of epidermis of some genera that belong to the sunflower family Asteraceae (Compositae), which are Aster L., Calendula L., Dendranthema L., Helianthus L., Lactuca L., Launaea L. and Tagetes L.. And it was found that the anatomical characteristics have the importance of classification in the isolation of genera. The characteristic of undulation of the epidermal anticlincal cell walls of leaves was of great importance in isolation, and the study also showed some importance indumentum such as isolating Dendranthema L. from the rest of the genus because it has non-glandular hairs T-shape.
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Utz, Sergei R., Alexander B. Pravdin, Vyacheslav I. Kochubey, Ilya V. Yaroslavsky, Svetlana P. Chernova, and Valery V. Tuchin. "Optical testing of human epidermis." In International Symposium on Biomedical Optics Europe '94, edited by Sigrid Avrillier, Britton Chance, Gerhard J. Mueller, Alexander V. Priezzhev, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.200838.
Utz, Sergei R. "Exfoliative karyometry of the epidermis." In Volga Laser Tour '93, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.179004.
Alexander, Frank A., and Joachim Wiest. "Automated transepithelial electrical resistance measurements of the EpiDerm reconstructed human epidermis model." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590741.
Aguilar, Guillermo, Sergio H. Diaz Valdes, J. Stuart Nelson, and Enrique J. Lavernia. "Effect of Time-Dependent Boundary Conditions on Epidermal Tissue Damage During Port Wine Stain Laser Surgery." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24419.
Abstract Port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks are a congenital and progressive vascular malformation of the dermis, involving capillaries, which occurs in approximately 0.7% of children. The objective of laser surgery for this and similar conditions is to cause selective thermal damage, thrombosis, and, eventually, permanent photocoagulation in the PWS vessels. To achieve this, the radiated laser light is set at a specific wavelength, which is highly absorbed by the blood vessels’ hemoglobin (the major chromophore in blood). Unfortunately, the PWS vessels do not absorb all energy radiated — a significant amount is also absorbed by hemoglobin in the ectatic capillaries of the upper dermis. This unwanted absorption causes two problems: firstly, insufficient heat generation within the targeted vessels leads to poor clinical results, and, secondly, there is an increased risk of damage to the overlying epidermis. In current PWS laser therapy, cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used effectively to cool and protect selectively the epidermis (tens of micrometers thick) prior to the laser pulse, while minimally cooling the blood vessels. The thermal response of the system is characterized by time and/or temperature dependent boundary conditions. However, in many recent studies, the boundary conditions induced by CSC are regarded as constant. In the present work we study the effects of time-dependent boundary conditions on the overall epidermal thermal damage after PWS laser therapy. We use computer models to simulate the laser light distribution, heat diffusion, and tissue damage, and introduce experimentally determined time-dependent boundary conditions measured for custom-made and commercial atomizing nozzles. We show that time-dependent boundary conditions have a significant effect in the optimal laser dose required to induce photocoagulation of PWS blood vessels while preserving the epidermis.
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Geerligs, Marion, Lambert C. A. v. Breemen, Gerrit W. M. Peters, Paul A. J. Ackermans, Cees W. J. Oomens, and Frank P. T. Baaijens. "Mechanical Properties of the Epidermis and Stratum Corneum Determined by Submicron Indentation In Vitro." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204412.
The outer skin layers are important drug and vaccine delivery targets in the treatment of diseases. These skin layers possess some important characteristics making them favorable sites for pain-free delivery with minimal damage: a rich population of immunologically sensitive cells as well as the lack of blood vessels and sensory nerve endings [1]. Until today, however, the development of effective cell targeting methods is acquainted with many challenges. A collective shortcoming is a poor understanding of the key mechanical properties of the outer skin layers, e.g. the stratum corneum and epidermis. The anisotropic, dynamic and very complex nature of skin makes it difficult to perform proper mechanical testing as well as to obtain reliable, reproducible data. The stratum corneum is an effective physical barrier of dead cells with a “brick-and-mortar” structure, while the viable epidermis mainly consists of actively migrating keratinocytes constantly undergoing massive morphological and compositional changes. As a consequence, the structure differences among the skin layers lead to significant variations in mechanical properties. Since there is no method available to determine the mechanical behavior of isolated viable epidermis in vivo or in vitro, the mechanical behavior of epidermis and stratum corneum only are investigated here. A commercially available indentation system has been adapted to enable the measurement of these thin soft tissues in an in vitro set up. Combining the outcomes of the two skin layer types leads to an assessment of the contribution of the viable epidermis to the mechanical behavior of skin. To our knowledge, no data have been published yet regarding mechanical bulk properties of (viable) epidermis, while no consistency exists with respect to those of the stratum corneum.
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Sutrisno, Sutrisno, and Dyah Rachmawati L. "Increasing Competitiveness of Bakpia SMEs through Improving Business Management and Production Processes." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.203.
UKM Bakpia 803 and UKM Bakpia 19 currently still carry out traditional business management. Currently, UKM Bakpia 803 does not yet have a peeler of mung bean epidermis, so to meet the need for peeled green beans, it is done by buying directly in the market which is expensive. Currently, UKM Bakpia 19 also does not have a representative bakpia roaster, the bakpia roaster that is currently owned has a small capacity. The purpose of this research is to improve business management at UKM Bakpia 803 and UKM Bakpia 803, to create a peeler tool for mung bean epidermis for UKM Bakpia 803, and to make bakpia roaster for UKM Bakpia 19. To improve business management at UKM Bakpia 803 and UKM Bakpia 19 conducted by holding business management training. To realize the mung bean epidermis peeler for UKM Bakpia 803 and the availability of bakpia roasting tools for UKM Bakpia 19 was carried out by designing the construction of a green bean epidermis peeler and a representative bakpia roaster. With the implementation of business management training, the business bookkeeping conducted by UKM Bakpia 803 and UKM Bakpia 19 will be better. With the realization of a representative green bean epidermis peeler and bakpia roaster, it has increased the production capacity and efficiency of bakpia production at UKM Bakpia 803 and UKM Bakpia 19, thereby increasing the business profits obtained.
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Nasonov, Andrey, Andrey Krylov, Andrey Dovganich, and Natalia Makhneva. "Epidermis area detection for immunofluorescence microscopy." In Ninth International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing, edited by Hui Yu and Junyu Dong. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2302591.
Philip W. Becraft. Analysis of a signal transduction pathway involved in leaf epidermis differentiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840253.
Pell, Eva J., Sarah M. Assmann, Amnon Schwartz, and Hava Steinberger. Ozone Altered Stomatal/Guard Cell Function: Whole Plant and Single Cell Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573082.bard.
Original objectives (revisions from original proposal are highlighted) 1. Elucidate the direct effects O3 and H2O2 on guard cell function, utilizing assays of stomatal response in isolated epidermal peels and whole cell gas exchange. 2. Determine the mechanistic basis of O3 and H2O2 effects on the plasma membrane through application of the electrophysiological technique of patch clamping to isolated guard cells. 3. Determine the relative sensitivity of Israeli cultivars of economically important crops to O3 and determine whether differential leaf conductance responses to O3 can explain relative sensitivity to the air pollutant: transfer of technological expertise to Israel. Background to the topic For a long time O3 has been known to reduce gas exchange in plants; it has however been unclear if O3 can affect the stomatal complex directly. Ion channels are essential in stomatal regulation, but O3 has never before been shown to affect these directly. Major conclusions, solution, achievements 1. Ozone inhibits light-induced stomatal opening in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum in V. faba plants this leads to reduced assimilation without a direct effect on the photosynthetic apparatus. Stomatal opening is more sensitive to O3 than stomatal closure. 2. Ozone causes inhibition of inward K+ channels (involved in stomatal opening) while no detectable effect is observed o the outward K+ channels (stomatal closure). 3. Hydrogen peroxide inhibits stomatal opening and induces stomatal closure in epidermal peels isolated from Vicia faba. 4. Hydrogen peroxide enhances stomatal closure by increasing K+ efflux from guard cells via outward rectifying K+ channels. 5. Based on epidermal peel experiments we have indirectly shown that Ca2+ may play a role in the guard cell response to O3. However, direct measurement of the guard cell [Ca2+]cyt did not show a response to O3. 6. Three Israeli cultivars of zucchini, Clarita, Yarden and Bareqet, were shown to be relatively sensitive to O3 (0.12 ml1-1 ). 7. Two environmentally important Israeli pine species are adversely affected by O3, even at 0.050 ml1-1 , a level frequently exceeded under local tropospheric conditions. P. brutia may be better equipped than P. halepensis to tolerate O3 stress. 8. Ozone directly affects pigment biosynthesis in pine seedlings, as well as the metabolism of O5 precursors, thus affecting the allocation of resources among various metabolic pathways. 9. Ozone induces activity of antioxidant enzymes, and of ascorbate content i the mesophyll and epidermis cells of Commelina communis L. Implications, both scientific and agricultural We have improved the understanding of how O3 and H2O2 do affect guard cell and stomatal function. We have shown that economical important Israeli species like zucchini and pine are relatively sensitive to O3.
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Durán, Laura D., Julián Ossa, Ana M. Caicedo, and Arturo Carabali Muñoz. Métodos de aplicación de nematodos entomopatógenos para control de Compsus viridivittatus Guérin-Méneville (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.10.
El picudo C. viridivittatus se consideró uno de los principales limitantes fitosanitarios del cultivo de cítricos en regiones productoras de Colombia, se considera una plaga de doble acción, ya que la larva causa daño en raíces y el adulto en hojas. El estado de larva es el más dañino, éstas caen al suelo y se entierran rápidamente para proceder a su alimentación, inicialmente lo hacen de raicillas y pelos absorbentes para después alimentarse de raíces más gruesas consumiendo la epidermis y cortezas de las raíces secundarias y de la raíz pivotante. Los daños causados por los estados larvarios no solo afectan el rendimiento, sino el tamaño y la calidad del fruto. Los nematodos entomopatógenos son considerados una de las principales estrategias de reducción de poblaciones de insectos plagas, que cumplen una fase biológica en el suelo. En este sentido, estudios recientes permitieron identificar especies de nematodos nativos de los géneros Heterorhabditis sp. y Steinernema sp. Como reguladores biológicos promisorios para el manejo de poblaciones de adultos y larvas de C. viridivitattus.
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Savaldi-Goldstein, Sigal, and Todd C. Mockler. Precise Mapping of Growth Hormone Effects by Cell-Specific Gene Activation Response. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699849.bard.
Plant yield largely depends on a complex interplay and feedback mechanisms of distinct hormonal pathways. Over the past decade great progress has been made in elucidating the global molecular mechanisms by which each hormone is produced and perceived. However, our knowledge of how interactions between hormonal pathways are spatially and temporally regulated remains rudimentary. For example, we have demonstrated that although the BR receptor BRI1 is widely expressed, the perception of BRs in epidermal cells is sufficient to control whole-organ growth. Supported by additional recent works, it is apparent that hormones are acting in selected cells of the plant body to regulate organ growth, and furthermore, that local cell-cell communication is an important mechanism. In this proposal our goals were to identify the global profile of translated genes in response to BR stimulation and depletion in specific tissues in Arabidopsis; determine the spatio-temporal dependency of BR response on auxin transport and signaling and construct an interactive public website that will provide an integrated analysis of the data set. Our technology incorporated cell-specific polysome isolation and sequencing using the Solexa technology. In the first aim, we generated and confirmed the specificity of novel transgenic lines expressing tagged ribosomal protein in various cell types in the Arabidopsis primary root. We next crossed these lines to lines with targeted expression of BRI1 in the bri1 background. All lines were treated with BRs for two time points. The RNA-seq of their corresponding immunopurified polysomal RNA is nearly completed and the bioinformatic analysis of the data set will be completed this year. Followed, we will construct an interactive public website (our third aim). In the second aim we started revealing how spatio-temporalBR activity impinges on auxin transport in the Arabidopsis primary root. We discovered the unexpected role of BRs in controlling the expression of specific auxin efflux carriers, post-transcriptionally (Hacham et al, 2012). We also showed that this regulation depends on the specific expression of BRI1 in the epidermis. This complex and long term effect of BRs on auxin transport led us to focus on high resolution analysis of the BR signaling per se. Taking together, our ongoing collaboration and synergistic expertise (hormone action and plant development (IL) and whole-genome scale data analysis (US)) enabled the establishment of a powerful system that will tell us how distinct cell types respond to local and systemic BR signal. BR research is of special agriculture importance since BR application and BR genetic modification have been shown to significantly increase crop yield and to play an important role in plant thermotolerance. Hence, our integrated dataset is valuable for improving crop traits without unwanted impairment of unrelated pathways, for example, establishing semi-dwarf stature to allow increased yield in high planting density, inducing erect leaves for better light capture and consequent biomass increase and plant resistance to abiotic stresses.
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Herlyn, Dorothee M. Targeting Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada371205.
Schwartz, Pauline M. An Epidermal Biosensor for Carcinoembryonic Antigen. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413966.
Adamson, Eileen D. Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Ligands in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada366955.
Adamson, Eileen D. Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Ligands in Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada300591.
Liedtke, Wolfgang. Role of Ca++ Influx via Epidermal TRP Ion Channels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada620001.
Stewart, Thomas, Hemali Shah, and John Frew. Infectious complications of Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.1.0124.
