Relevant bibliographies by topics / Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

Academic literature on the topic 'Epidemiology not elsewhere classified'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

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Asah, Cresta, Rune Frandsen, Rikke Ibsen, Jakob Kjellberg, and Poul Jennum. "Morbidity, Mortality, and Conversion to Neurodegenerative Diseases in Patients with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and REM Sleep without Atonia." Neuroepidemiology 55, no. 2 (2021): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514175.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The underlying pathophysiology of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is not fully understood, although the condition is currently recognized as an early-stage alpha-synuclein disorder. We evaluated the morbidity, mortality, and rate of conversion to a neurodegenerative disorder in a national group of patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> All patients in Denmark with a diagnosis of RBD between 2006 and 2013 were identified from the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR) records. We excluded patients who had received a diagnosis of narcolepsy or any of the following neurodegenerative diseases before their diagnosis of RBD: Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear paralysis, Alzheimer’s, and Lewy body dementia. We used randomly chosen controls matched for age, gender, and municipality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 246 iRBD patients and 982 matched controls were analyzed. The mortality rate was the same in both groups. The morbidity rate was significantly higher in the years before and after an RBD diagnosis, due to a wide variety of disorders in the following major disease groups: mental/behavioral disorders; endocrine/metabolic diseases; diseases of the eye; diseases of the nervous, digestive, musculoskeletal, circulatory, and respiratory systems; abnormal findings not classified elsewhere; external causes; and factors influencing health status. The conversion rate from RBD to a neurodegenerative disease was 13% over the 8 years after a diagnosis of RBD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> A diagnosis of RBD is associated with increased morbidity several years before and after a diagnosis is made. Patients have a higher risk of converting to a neurodegenerative disorder than matched controls. Mortality rates are unchanged.
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Patten, Scott B., and Joel Paris. "The Bipolar Spectrum—A Bridge Too Far?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53, no. 11 (November 2008): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370805301108.

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Objectives: To review the literature evaluating outcomes resulting from expansion of the bipolar disorder (BD) diagnostic category. We were particularly interested in identifying high-level evidence for improved clinical outcomes as documented by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. Methods: The English-language literature was searched using Ovid MEDLINE for studies of BD referenced against the key word spectrum. We used bibliographies and other databases to extend this search when no relevant RCTs or relevant cohort studies were identified. Results: In the MEDLINE searches, abstracts and titles of 86 studies were examined and 48 were found to be related to the topic of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). No RCTs or prospective cohort studies evaluating modified diagnostic or therapeutic practices were identified. The literature about the BSD consists mostly of expert opinion emphasizing: various links between bipolar and unipolar mood disorders; a proposal that a greater proportion of the population without a mood disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders should be diagnosed under the BD category; and, proposals that syndromes currently classified elsewhere should be subsumed under the BD category. Conclusions: Our search failed to uncover high-level evidence demonstrating the clinical utility of proposed diagnostic realignments. The widespread acceptance of the expanded spectrum concept appears to be based on interpretation of descriptive epidemiologic data by high-profile experts.
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McCarthy, Denis M. "Proton Pump Inhibitor Use, Hypergastrinemia, and Gastric Carcinoids—What Is the Relationship?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020662.

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Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) throughout the body are the focus of much current interest. Most occur in the gastrointestinal tract and have shown a major increase in incidence over the past 30 years, roughly paralleling the world-wide increase in the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs. The greatest rise has occurred in gastric carcinoids (g-NETs) arising from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. These tumors are long known to occur in auto-immune chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES), with or without multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1), but the incidences of these conditions do not appear to have increased over the same time period. Common to these disease states is persistent hypergastrinemia, generally accepted as causing g-NETs in CAG and ZES, and postulated as having similar tumorigenic effects in PPI users. In efforts to study the increase in their occurrence, g-NETs have been classified in a number of discussed ways into different grades that differ in their incidence and apparent pathogenesis. Based on a large amount of experimental data, tumorigenesis is mediated by gastrin’s effects on the CCK2R-receptor on ECL-cells that in turn leads to hyperplasia, dysplasia, and finally neoplasia. However, in all three conditions, the extent of response of ECL-cells to gastrin is modified by a number of genetic influences and other underlying risk factors, and by the duration of exposure to the hormonal influence. Data relating to trophic effects of hypergastrinemia due to PPI use in humans are reviewed and, in an attached Appendix A, all 11 reports of g-NETs that occurred in long-term PPI users in the absence of CAG or ZES are summarized. Mention of additional suspected cases reported elsewhere are also listed. Furthermore, the risk in humans may be affected by the presence of underlying conditions or genetic factors, including their PPI-metabolizer phenotype, with slow metabolizers likely at increased risk. Other problems in estimating the true incidence of g-NETs are discussed, relating to non-reporting of small tumors and failure of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) and other databases, to capture small tumors or those not accorded a T1 rating. Overall, it appears likely that the true incidence of g-NETs may be seriously underestimated: the possibility that hypergastrinemia also affects tumorigenesis in additional gastrointestinal sites or in tumors in other organ systems is briefly examined. Overall, the risk of developing a g-NET appears greatest in patients who are more than 10 years on drug and on higher doses: those affected by chronic H. pylori gastritis and/or consequent gastric atrophy may also be at increased risk. While the overall risk of g-NETs induced by PPI therapy is undoubtedly low, it is real: this necessitates caution in using PPI therapy for long periods of time, particularly when initiated in young subjects.
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Brown, Tiffany A., Pamela K. Keel, and Ruth H. Striegel. "Feeding and Eating Conditions Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC) inDSM-5." Psychiatric Annals 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20121105-08.

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Dabritz, Haydee A., Karen K. Hill, Jason R. Barash, Lawrence O. Ticknor, Charles H. Helma, Nir Dover, Jessica R. Payne, and Stephen S. Arnon. "Molecular Epidemiology of Infant Botulism in California and Elsewhere, 1976–2010." Journal of Infectious Diseases 210, no. 11 (June 12, 2014): 1711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu331.

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Louis, David N., Pieter Wesseling, Werner Paulus, Caterina Giannini, Tracy T. Batchelor, J. Gregory Cairncross, David Capper, et al. "cIMPACT-NOW update 1: Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) and Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)." Acta Neuropathologica 135, no. 3 (January 25, 2018): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1808-0.

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EDMUNDS, W. J., R. G. PEBODY, H. AGGERBACK, S. BARON, G. BERBERS, M. A. E. CONYN-VAN SPAENDONCK, H. O. HALLANDER, et al. "The sero-epidemiology of diphtheria in Western Europe." Epidemiology and Infection 125, no. 1 (August 2000): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899004161.

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Seven countries in Western Europe collected large, representative serum banks across the entire age range and tested them for diphtheria anti-toxin (sample size ranged from 2991 to 7715). Although a variety of assays were used, the results were all standardized to those of a reference laboratory and expressed in international units. The standardization process, and the availability of similar, large data sets allowed comparative analyses to be performed in which a high degree of confidence could be ascribed to observed epidemiological differences. The results showed that there were large differences in the proportion of adults with insufficient levels of protection amongst different countries. For instance, roughly 35% of 50- to 60-year-olds were found to be seronegative (titre [les ] 0·01 IU/ml) in Finland compared with 70–75% in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, the proportion of seronegative adults would be expected to increase in some countries, notably Italy and the western part of Germany. In those countries with vaccination of military recruits there was a marked sex-related difference in the proportion of seropositive individuals. All countries have high levels of infant vaccine coverage (> 90%) but the accelerated schedule in the United Kingdom appears to result in lower anti-toxin titres than elsewhere. In Sweden, booster doses are not offered until 10 years of age which results in large numbers of children with inadequate levels of protection. Although the United Kingdom and Sweden both have higher proportions of seronegative children than elsewhere the likelihood of a resurgence of diphtheria in these countries seems remote.
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Capewell, Simon. "Commentary: Predicting future coronary heart disease deaths in Finland and elsewhere." International Journal of Epidemiology 35, no. 5 (July 17, 2006): 1253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyl158.

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2015 Program Committee, BRASS. "From Committees of RUSA: BRASS Program: Not Elsewhere Classified: Researching New and Niche Industries." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.156.

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The Business Research and Services Section (BRASS) 2015 program was directed to business research professionals who may be stymied by researcher requests related to newer or niche industries. In a stimulating ninety-minute session, two top research professionals informed, confronted and engaged their American Library Association (ALA) audience with their well-paced array of smart search strategies and sources designed to meet industry challenges. The presentation was effective in identifying research workaround strategies and tying real industry problems with practical, on-the-job solutions.The material provided here and the bibliography of sources may serve as additional resources for emerging industry queries of library users. The BRASS program presentation is available via this ALA conference website (http://alaac15.ala.org/node/28603).
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Burford, C., R. Laxton, Z. Sidhu, M. Aizpurua, A. King, I. Bodi, K. Ashkan, and S. Al-Sarraj. "ATRX immunohistochemistry can help refine ‘not elsewhere classified’ categorisation for grade II/III gliomas." British Journal of Neurosurgery 33, no. 5 (April 24, 2019): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1600657.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

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Wareing, David Richard Anthony. "The significance of strain diversity in the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni gastrointestinal infections." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1999. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19986/.

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A polyphasic study of the population diversity in a collection of Campylobacter jejuni isolates involved in human disease and from animal and environmental sources was undertaken. Isolates were characterised by phenotype, using heat stable antigen serotype, bacteriophage type and biotyping methods. Isolates were also genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA, using a 16S rRNA gene probe, a random-cloned DNA sequence probe, and of the flagellin A gene following amplification by the potymerase chain reaction. A diverse range of polyphasic strain profiles was seen amongst a population of C. jejuni isolates examined from sporadic human infections in the UK over a seven-month period. Associations between gene polymorphisms identified a number of prevalent genotypes and a cluster analysis of RFLP profiles identified a strong relationship between three of these prevalent genotypes. The association of these three genotypes with serogroup and phage-group markers was highly suggestive of clonality within this C. jejuni population. Three hunian pathogenic C. jejuni strains identified by this analysis could be recognised by association with specific Preston phage-groups. A retrospective survey indicated that these phage-groups were responsible for approximately 27% of sporadic cases of C. jejuni infection in the UK. The population diversity amongst sporadic human C. jejuni isolates remained consistent over a seven year period and these three phagegroups were a consistent feature of sporadic C. jejuni infections during this period. Each phage-group demonstrated a distinctly different seasonal distñbution suggesting that the epidemiology of these strains could be different. C. jejuni isolates from poultry samples were also diverse and a significant proportion of these isolates were indistinguishable from human C. jejuni isolates using the same polyphasic strain characteristics. Pathogenic human strains were found in contaminated environments but environmental populations largely contained stains which had not been seen amongst human isolates in this study. One of the strains identified in this study (R4:C8:11S4:flaA-26:PG55: BT6000) was demonstrated to have a global distribution and appears to have a host preference for cattle. In addition this strain was responsible for at least four milkborne outbreaks of (Ljejuni enteritis. Data from this study indicates that this strain may be responsible for up to 5 % of sporadic cases of human enteritis in the United Kingdom each year and that milking cows may be a reservoir for the organism.
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Jiang, Mengzhu. "Rates of polypectomy in screening and non-screening colonoscopies classified by patient and endoscopist reports." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104878.

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Background: Polypectomy rate may be related to indicators of quality assurance for screening colonoscopy. However, it is difficult to identify screening colonoscopies in provincial health databases.Objective: To estimate polypectomy rates for screening colonoscopy according to patient and endoscopist reported indications and to compare them to published quality indicators.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of staff endoscopists at 7 Montreal hospitals and their patients aged 50-75 who underwent colonoscopy. Consecutive patients were interviewed by a research assistant in the waiting room prior to colonoscopy. Patient reported indication was defined in 4 ways: 1) perceived screening (routine screening, family history, age); 2) perceived non-screening (follow-up); 3) medical history indicating non-screening; 4) combination of the 3 indications. Endoscopist indication was derived from a questionnaire completed immediately after colonoscopy. Polypectomy status was obtained from Quebec provincial physician billing records. Polypectomy rates were computed, while accounting for physician and hospital level clustering, using all 4 patient indications, endoscopist indication, and the agreement between patient and endoscopist indications. Polypectomy rates were adjusted for the accuracy of provincial databases. Results: 2143 patients (mean age=61, 50% female) were included. Adjusted polypectomy rates ranged between 22.6-26.2% for screening colonoscopy and between 27.1-30.8% for non-screening. Polypectomy rates for screening colonoscopy were 16.3-19.6 % in women and 29.1-34.2% in men. These rates fall below the published benchmarks for polypectomy rates of 30% in women and 40% in men. Conclusion: Polypectomy rates calculated from the different screening definitions were similar and fall below quality benchmarks.
Mise en contexte: Le taux de polypectomie est lié à des indicateurs d'assurance qualité de la coloscopie de dépistage. Toutefois, il est difficile d'identifier les coloscopies de dépistage des bases de données de santé provinciaux. Objectif: estimer les taux de polypectomie pour la coloscopie de dépistage en fonction des indications selon le patient et l'endoscopiste et de les comparer aux indicateurs de qualité publiés. Méthodes: Une étude de cohorte rétrospective des endoscopists dans 7 hôpitaux de Montréal et leurs patients âgés de 50-75 qui ont eu subi une coloscopie. Des patients consécutifs ont été interviewés par un assistant de recherche dans la salle d'attente avant la coloscopie. L'indication de patient a été définie de 4 façons: 1) le dépistage perçu (dépistage systématique, les antécédents familiaux, l'âge); 2) perçue non-dépistage (suivi), 3) les antécédents médicaux indiquant non-dépistage; 4) la combinaison des 3 indications. L'indication d'endoscopiste a été dérivée à partir d'un questionnaire rempli immédiatement après la coloscopie. Le statut de polypectomie a été obtenu des archives de demandes de paiement des médecins. Le taux de polypectomie a été calculés, tout en tenant compte du niveau des médecins et des hôpitaux de regroupement, en utilisant les 4 indications de patient, l'indication d'endoscopiste, et l'accord entre les deux. Les taux de polypectomie ont été ajustés de l'exactitude des bases de données provinciales. Résultats: 2143 patients (âge moyen = 61, 50% de femmes) ont été inclus. Les taux de polypectomie ajusté compris entre coloscopie de dépistage de 22,6 à 26,2% et de 27,1 à 30,8% entre les cas de non-dépistage. Les taux de polypectomie pour la coloscopie de dépistage ont été de 16,3 à 19,6% parmi des femmes et de 29,1 à 34,2% pour les hommes. Ces taux sont inférieurs de référence publié de 30% pour les femmes et 40% pour les hommes. Conclusion: Les taux de polypectomie calculés à partir des différentes définitions de dépistage ont été similaires, mais ils sont inférieurs de référence de qualité publié.
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Sochting, Sven. "The effects of operating conditions on the hydrodynamic lubricant film thickness at the piston-ring/cylinder liner interface of a firing diesel engine." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2009. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/21027/.

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Conventional investigations into the performance of piston-rings in internal combustion engines are performed at relatively low speeds and consider only steady state operation conditions. Loss of power in internal combustion (IC) engines is becoming an increasing issue when they are operated at high engine speeds. This project is directed at developing technology to establish whether this phenomenon is influenced by a lubricant related effect. In a normal operating environment automotive engines typically operate under transient operating conditions. These rapid changes in operation conditions may influence the thickness of the hydrodynamic film which lubricates the interfaces between the piston-ring and liner. During this project two capacitance methods were employed in a fired compression ignition engine, an amplitude modulated (AM) system originally developed by Grice and a new "high speed" capacitance technique based on a frequency modulated principle. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the development and implementation of a new apparatus suitable for measuring the thickness and extent of the hydrodynamic oil film which lubricates the piston-rings and liner. The nature of the working principle of the high speed capacitance measurement system required the design, manufacture, assembly and commissioning of a novel dynamic calibration apparatus. The new system can also be used for static calibration (AM system) of capacitance based distance measuring systems. It uses a manufacturer calibrated closed loop controlled piezo-actuator to present a target relative to the sensor face. Some previous investigations concluded a stable oil film thickness. However, this work shows that there are cyclic variations of the oil film thickness OFT on a stroke to stroke and cycle to cycle basis. A series of measurements was conducted under various fixed speed load points. The effects of using lubricants of different viscosity on the minimum (OFT) between liner and piston ring have been little studied and this work shows that it was possible to speciate measurements of different lubricants. This thesis also describes a measurement of the oil film thickness during abrupt changes in engine operating conditions.
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Mugglestone, Hilda. "Peer assisted learning in the acquisition of musical composition skills." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/2471/.

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The purpose of the study was to discover the effects of using peer assisted learning in acquiring skills in music composition. The ten criteria used for assessing the effects of peer assisted learning comprised six concerning social qualities and four relating to cognitive aspects of what might be learned from working and learning together. The research used both qualitative and quantitative methods, encompassing interviews with the teacher, questionnaires for the students and observation. The latter included a quantitative element. The research took place in the natural settings of timetabled music lessons in Year Seven at an English comprehensive secondary school. This peer assisted learning research is believed to be the only such project conducted entirely in the unadulterated classroom settings. The lessons followed the teacher’s choice of lesson material and the length of time normally allowed for lessons in that school. No changes in classroom organisation, timing, or for any other reason were requested by, or made for, the researcher. Each class was divided into groups whose size, ability and gender were determined by the teacher. From these groups, the teacher selected the three which were the focus of this research. All three of the sample groups showed some evidence of the beneficial effects of peer assisted learning socially and cognitively although this varied according to the children’s different ability levels. Peer assisted learning was found to be most successful where children were able to work together cohesively and communicate well, either verbally or musically. Most children either acquired new musical skills or enhanced those they already possessed through the use of peer assisted learning.
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(9183512), Shinyoung Jun. "Identifying nutrition risk among U.S. infants and children with limited financial resources." Thesis, 2020.

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Inadequate nutrition in childhood can inhibit optimal growth and development, and is also associated with increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. Children living in households with limited financial resources may face a number of challenges to meet nutrient needs through unhealthy eating patterns, which may lead to health inequalities throughout the life-course. Therefore, improving low-income children’s diet would be an effective strategy for their health promotion and disease prevention, and potentially for narrowing health inequalities. The essential step for an efficient intervention would be to identify the unique nutrition risk that low-income children have. Therefore, the overarching aim of research in this dissertation was to identify nutrition risk of U.S. infants and children with low income or food insecurity, or participating in federal nutrition assistance programs using data from nationally representative surveys. An additional aim was to assess whether the inclusion of micronutrient intake from dietary supplements impacts micronutrient inadequacy in children.

For low-income infants and young children up to the age of 5 years, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides tailored food packages to improve dietary intake that may be inadequate due to economic constraints. Therefore, it is expected that nutrient intake of WIC participants would be more like those of higher-income nonparticipants and higher than those of lower-income nonparticipants who are likely to be eligible for WIC. The results from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2016 data analysis supported the hypothesis for several nutrients of concern, although WIC participants were more likely to exceed the recommended limits for sodium and added sugars compared to higher-income nonparticipants. However, higher-income nonparticipants were more likely to use dietary supplements than both WIC participants and lower-income nonparticipants, which can impact total nutrient intake (i.e., nutrient intake from all sources).

Systematic differences in dietary supplement use by income and WIC participation were also observed in a nationally representative sample of children aged 18 years and younger from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary supplement use was lower among children in low-income families compared to those in higher-income families. Among children in low-income families, those participating in WIC were less likely to use dietary supplements compared to nonparticipants. In addition, food insecurity and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation were associated with lower use of dietary supplements. Overall, one-third of children used any dietary supplements, mostly multivitamin-minerals, with primary motivations for use as “improve” or “maintain” health.

The following analysis of the 2011-2014 NHANES data showed that the inclusion of dietary supplements in nutrient intake assessments may lead to wider disparities in dietary intake by food security. This study also demonstrated the dose-response relationship between food security status and mean adequacy ratio, a summary measure of micronutrient adequacy. The mean adequacy ratio, inclusive of dietary supplements, was the highest in high food-security group (mean of 0.77), lower in marginal and low food security group (mean of 0.74), and the lowest in very low food security group (mean of 0.66), based on classification by food security among household children. However, the mean adequacy ratio does not reflect the usual intake (i.e., a long-term, habitual intake).

Therefore, another analysis of the 2011-2016 NHANES data estimated total usual nutrient intake of U.S. children 18 years and younger by food security status, using the National Cancer Institute method that adjusts for random error by statistical modeling. The results suggested that food insecurity was associated with higher risks of inadequate intakes for some nutrients, such as vitamins D and E and magnesium among boys and girls and vitamin A and calcium among girls only. Poor overall dietary quality and excessive sodium intake were of concern, regardless of food security status.

Collectively, the results from the studies in this dissertation add value to the evidence base about the adverse association of low income level and food insecurity status with dietary intake and extend the finding to include nutrient intakes from dietary supplements, which widens the disparity in nutrition risk. These findings highlight a need for interventions to reduce nutrient inadequacies and improve dietary quality among children across all socioeconomic levels, but especially among those with low income or food insecurity.


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Clark, Robyn A. "Chronic heart failure beyond city limits: an analysis of the distribution, management and information technology solutions for people with chronic heart failure in rural and remote Australia." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/34048.

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Chronic heart failure (CHF) is defined as a complex clinical syndrome that is frequently, but not exclusively, characterised by objective evidence of an underlying structural abnormality or cardiac dysfunction. CHF affects up to 3% of the adult population and this rate is consistent throughout the developed world. In spite of the proven efficacy of treatments, there is a common theme of low implementation rates for recommended therapeutic guidelines. In Australia, where access to specialist CHF management is limited, the burden of care, for the 40% of CHF patients living outside capital cities falls predominantly onto community-based general practitioners (GPs). Unfortunately, there are diminishing numbers of GPs in rural and remote regions and this has created an apparent dual deficit in terms of equitable access to primary and specialist care for the CHF population living in these areas. The purpose of this research was to determine, in a series of themed studies, the population distribution, management and potential information technology solutions for CHF in rural and remote Australia. Appropriate methods were utilised for each study and included epidemiological studies, a quantitative analysis of a large practice audit, geo-mapping, a systematic review, a case study review and a qualitative analysis of participant feedback and clinical notes.
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(5930270), Mehdi Shishehbor. "Numerical Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Neat Cellulose Nanocrystal." Thesis, 2020.

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Nature has evolved efficient strategies to make materials with hierarchical internal structure that often exhibit exceptional mechanical properties. One such example is found in cellulose, which has achieved a high order of functionality and mechanical properties through a hierarchical structure with an exceptional control from the atomic level all the way to the macroscopic level. Cellulose is present in a wide variety of living species (trees, plants, algae, bacteria, tunicates), and provides the base reinforcement structure used by organisms for high mechanical strength, high strength-to-weight ratio, and high toughness. Additionally, being the most abundant organic substance on earth, cellulose has been used by our society as an engineering material for thousands of years, and are prolific within our society, as demonstrated by the enormity of the world-wide industries in cellulose derivatives, paper/packaging, textiles, and forest products.

More recently, a new class of cellulose base particles are being extracted from plants/trees, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are spindle-shaped nano-sized particles (3 ̶ 20 nm in width and 50 ̶ 500 nm in length) that are distinct from the more traditional cellulose materials currently used (e.g. molecular cellulose and wood pulp). They offer a new combination of particle morphology, properties and chemical functionalities that enable CNCs for use in applications that were once thought impossible for cellulosic materials.

CNCs have shown utility in many engineering applications, for example, biomedical, nanocomposites, barrier/separation membranes and cementitious materials. To gain greater insight as to how best use CNCs in various engineering application areas, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanics of CNCs is needed. The characterization of the mechanical properties of nanomaterials via experimental testing has always been challenging due to their small size, resulting in large uncertainties related to testing near sensitivity limits of a given technique, the same is true when characterizing CNCs. For CNCs, to help offset limitations in experimental testing, numerical modeling has been useful in predicting the mechanical properties of CNCs. We present a continuum-based structural model to study the mechanical behavior of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and analyze the effect of bonded and non-bonded interactions on the mechanical properties under various loading conditions. In particular, this model assumes the uncoupling between the bonded and nonbonded interactions and their behavior is obtained from atomistic simulations.

For large deformations and when there is interaction and dynamics of many particles involved, continuum models could become as expensive as MD simulations. In addition, it has been shown that traditional material models in the continuum mechanics context, cannot model all the mechanical properties of CNC, especially for large deformation. To overcome these setbacks and to be able to model real size of CNC, 50-1000 nm, and/or to increase the number of particles involved in the simulation, a so called ‘‘coarse-grained’’ (CG) model for mechanical and interfacial properties of CNC is proposed. The proposed CG model is based on both mechanical properties and crystal-crystal interactions. Parametrization of the model is carried out in comparison with all-atom (AA) molecular dynamics and experimental results of some specific mechanical and interfacial tests.

Subsequently, verification is done with other tests. Finally, we analyze the effect of interface properties on the mechanical performance of CNC-based materials including, bending of a CNC bundle, tensile load and fracture in bioinspired structure of CNCs such as staggered brick-and-mortar and Bouligand structures of interest.
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(5930396), Jack D. Williams. "Magnetically-Coupled Circuits Systems for Wireless Excitation of Passive Stimulators for Stimulation Therapies and Application as a Treatment for Glaucoma." Thesis, 2019.

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The practice of delivering an electrical current waveform to an excitable tissue such as a structure in the brain, nerve fiber, or muscle to relieve the symptoms of disease constitutes an electrical stimulation therapy. Electrical stimulation therapies supported by implantable devices provide effective treatment options for people suffering from treatment-resistant chronic diseases that often fail to respond to medication and other traditional therapies [1, 2]. However, implantable electrical stimulators traditionally approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) use implanted batteries that require surgical replacement over years of operation and limit therapies to applications with minimal constraints on implant mass, volume, and rigidity [3, 4]. Previous works have proposed to eliminate batteries in implantable stimulators by using magnetically-coupled coils to deliver energy through radio-frequency (RF) fields, exciting alternating currents on implantable devices to be converted into stimulus pulses by rectifiers [5, 6]. Implantable stimulators without batteries may be excited by an alternative theory of operation without the use of RF fields that eliminates the need for a rectifier and permits stimulators with minimal complexity.

This work proposes an original use of magnetically-coupled circuits theory for the wireless excitation of electrical stimulation current waveforms on passive stimulators that eliminates the need for an implanted battery. The principle of the technique is to drive stimulation current waveforms on passive stimulators with electromotive forces excited by applied time-varying magnetic fields via the phenomena described by Faraday’s law of induction [7-9]. The proposed systems require a wearable driving component and a passive driven component that may either be worn or implanted. The wearable driving component must include a battery, pulse-generating circuitry, and a primary coil, whereas the driven component is a passive device requiring only a secondary coil with electrodes to contact tissue. The pulse-generating circuitry of the driving component may be implemented readily such that the design of the coils defines the challenge in the implementation of the proposed systems. The design of the coils for the proposed systems presents the potential for a nontrivial optimization problem with conflicting objectives; possible objectives for the design of the coils include maximizing the attainable peak amplitudes of the stimulation currents, obtaining various characteristics of a desired stimulation current waveform, and minimizing the variation of the stimulation currents with varying displacements between the coils. The problem posed by the design of the coils for the proposed systems is addressed by direction obtained from theoretical analyses and experiments performed in this work that supplement direction from the literature [5, 10-12]. The potential utility of the proposed theory of operation is demonstrated by enabling the first chronic electrical stimulation therapy for glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The system designed for the glaucoma stimulation therapy and the methods used to quantify its electrical performance are presented along with data from experimental therapeutic trials with human participants.

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(8100836), Moustapha Moussa. "INNOVATIVE MILLET FOODS TO IMPROVE NUTRITION AND EXPAND MARKETS IN WEST AFRICA." Thesis, 2019.

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Abstract Sorghum and millet crops are the staple foods for most people in the Sahelian region of West Africa. Preparation of millet and sorghum foods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. This thesis work was conducted with the goal of developing competitive and innovative processes to make better quality and higher quantity of extruded couscous, and instant, or fast cooking, millet food products to improve markets for smallholders’ famers, improve nutrition, and to meet the changing demands of local consumers in West Africa. Processing conditions, of a low-cost single screw mini-extruder were assessed and optimized. The process has the advantage of shortening production steps, and time, of making number of products with appealing appearance, good taste, and texture, and designed for the preferences of local consumers. The products can be reconstituted by adding hot or tap water. Results of the first study on a newly developed extruded couscous indicated that consumers in general preferred it, that it was fast cooking couscous, and credited it to be smoother in texture than the traditionally-prepared couscous. It had 10x the daily yield as couscous typically prepared for commercial sale by women in a processing unit. The smoother texture was attributed to the presence of starch fragments of somewhat lower molecular size, than in the control couscous, as illustrated by size-exclusion chromatography analysis of the hot-water dispersed starch. In the second study, the extruder was used to make instant porridge flour, and locally available roasting process was optimized to make a fast cooking porridge flour, and each flour was formulated using natural and locally obtained plant fortificants to nutritionally enhance cereal-legume-fortified flours. Results of consumers sensory tests and textural characterization by RVA and dynamic oscillatory rheometry of fortified porridge samples revealed that the innovated formulas had better viscosity, taste, and flavor, and were more preferred by children and their mothers than food aid vitamin-mineral premix fortified flours distributed at rural government health centers. Bioaccessibility of provitamin A carotenoid and lycopene derivatives, including lutein, α- and β-carotenes, using an in vitro digestion system coupled with a HPLC-C30SHORT column, shown that the formulated fortified flour samples had high bioaccessibility values of provitamin A carotenoids, lutein, and α- and β-carotenes. In the third study, rheological results indicated that instant tuwo (thick) and fura (thin) porridges had better viscosity and textural attributes (creamy, elastic, gelling) compared to traditional corresponding porridges. In the fourth

study, a home use testing (HUT) of instant tuwo and fura porridges in Niamey, Niger indicated that overall consumers’ acceptability was good. In a market test conducted in Niamey over 20 weeks, in collaboration with local cereal processors and distributors, showed repeat purchases with good frequency of sale of instant tuwo and fura porridges that have generated about 1/3 in total sales of 35 products related millet and cereal based foods in the period. In conclusion, the low-cost single screw extruder has the potential to catalyze and increase demand and diversification of uses of millet grains, to develop market-driven nutritious and healthy grain-based foods, to benefit smallholders’ farmers, and favor growth of small- and medium-scale entrepreneur processors in West Africa.

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Books on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

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Lejoyeux, Michel, and Candice Germain. Pyromania: Phenomenology and Epidemiology. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0049.

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Pyromania corresponds to fire setting not done for criminal reasons, for profit or sabotage, for monetary gain, as an expression of sociopolitical ideology (an act of terrorism or protest) or anger, or for revenge. Pyromania, in the sense of arson without a separate motive, is a rare phenomenon.In the DSM-IV-TR, pyromania is classified as an impulse control disorder (ICD) not elsewhere classified. It is characterized by a failure to resist impulsive, repetitive, deliberate fire-setting urges that are unrelated to external reward.The only study of the prevalence of fire setting derived from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions found a lifetime prevalence of 1% for fire setting in the U.S. population. The prevalence of pyromania in adult psychiatric inpatients was 3.4% (n = 7), and the lifetime prevalence was 5.9%.Fire setting is significantly associated with a wide range of antisocial behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified strong associations between lifetime alcohol and marijuana use disorders, conduct disorder, antisocial and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, and a family history of antisocial behavior. Intentional illicit fire-setting behavior is associated with a broad array of antisocial behaviors and psychiatric comorbidities. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders among persons with a history of fire setting are any lifetime alcohol use disorder (71.7%), antisocial personality disorder (51.46%), marijuana use disorder (43.17%), and nicotine dependence (42.95%). A family history of antisocial behavior is also frequent (60%).
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Britain, Great. Miscellaneous Manufacturing Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Electrical Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Office, Central Statistical. Manufacture of Domestic Appliances Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.

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Grant, Jon E., and Marc N. Potenza. Overview of the Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified and Limitations of Knowledge. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0012.

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Several disorders have been classified together in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.; DSM-IV) as impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified. These impulse control disorders have been grouped together based on perceived similarities in clinical presentation and hypothesized similarities in pathophysiologies. The question exists whether these disorders belong together or whether they should be categorized elsewhere. Examination of the family of impulse control disorders generates questions regarding the distinct nature of each disorder: whether each is unique or whether they represent variations of each other or other psychiatric disorders. Neurobiology may cut across disorders, and identifying important intermediary phenotypes will be important in understanding impulse control disorders and related entities. The distress of patients with impulse control disorders highlights the importance of examining these disorders. More comprehensive information has significant potential for advancing prevention and treatment strategies for those who suffer from disorders characterized by impaired impulse control.
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Group, Research, and The Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Group, Research, and The Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Canada. Occupational Analysis and Classification Systems Division., ed. Canadian classification and dictionary of occupations, occupations in major groups: 91, transport equipment operating, 93, material handling, 95, other crafts and equipment operating, 99, occupations not elsewhere classified. [Ottawa]: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1986.

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Mataix-Cols, David, and Odile A. van den Heuvel. Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0027.

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.
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Book chapters on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

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Mason, Oliver, Aisling McGlinchey, and Fabian Wirth. "Persistence, Periodicity and Privacy for Positive Systems in Epidemiology and Elsewhere." In Positive Systems, 3–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54211-9_1.

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Tözün, Nurdan, Özdal Ersoy, Fatih Eren, and Veysel Tahan. "Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hepatitis B in the Mediterranean Region and Elsewhere." In Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites and Fungi, 239–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8544-3_10.

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Reid, William H. "Psychotic Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 200–203. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-20.

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Wicoff, James S. "Speech Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 41. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-9.

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Reid, William H. "Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified." In The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, 314–20. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315825908-28.

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Stanaway, Fiona F., Naomi Noguchi, Clement Loy, Sharon Reid, and Jonathan C. Craig. "Clinical epidemiology." In Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health, edited by Roger Detels, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Fran Baum, Liming Li, and Alastair H. Leyland, 149–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0035.

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Clinical epidemiology is a science that extends the principles and methods of epidemiology to clinical practice and clinical research. In this chapter, we provide an overview of clinical epidemiological methods and how these approaches can be used to improve global public health. We have focused primarily on using evidence in decision-making in this chapter, rather than study design and conduct elements, such as randomized controlled trials, which are covered in detail elsewhere. Consequently, we have provided a framework for critical appraisal and reporting of relevant study designs (how to use and report), rather than a detailed discussion about how such studies should be designed and conducted (how to do).
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7

"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC." In International trade statistics yearbook 2013, Volume II: trade by commodity, 421–23. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/077e9000-en.

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"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC." In International trade statistics yearbook 2012, Volume II, 421–24. UN, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/931bb080-en.

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Carstensen, Bendix. "Prevalence data—models, likelihood, and binomial regression." In Epidemiology with R, 47–63. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841326.003.0004.

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This chapter examines prevalence data, using a dataset which contains the number of diabetes patients and the total number of persons in Denmark as of January 1, 2010, classified by age and sex. Prevalence of a disease condition in a population is merely the proportion of affected people. The chapter uses prevalence to illustrate core modelling concepts: the model itself, the likelihood, the maximum likelihood estimation principle, and the properties of the results, all of which underlies most modern epidemiological methods. It also explains the concept of a statistical model leading to the distinction between empirical and theoretical prevalences. The chapter then focuses on the task of comparing different models for the same data, models that describe data in various degrees of detail.
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"Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in SITC (SITC Section 9)." In International Trade Statistics Yearbook 2016, Volume II, 421–23. UN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/427326e2-en.

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Conference papers on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

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Lo Fo Wong, Danilo M. A., Jan Dahl, Peter J. van der Wolf, Anne Wingstrand, L. Leontides, and Alexandra von Altrock. "Isolation of Salmonella enterica in seropositive classified finishing pig herds." In Second International Symposium on Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-470.

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Lo Fo Wong, Danilo M. A., Jan Dahl, Jens S. Andersen, Anne Wingstrand, Peter J. van der Wolf, Alexandra von Altrock, and Britt-Marie Thorberg. "A European longitudinal study in Salmonella seronegative-and seropositive classified finishing pig herds." In Fourth International Symposium on the Epidemiology and Control of Salmonella and Other Food Borne Pathogens in Pork. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/safepork-180809-1116.

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Shibutani, Tadahiro, Tetsu Tsuruga, Qiang Yu, and Masaki Shiratori. "Interface Strength Between Sub-Micron Thin Films in Opening and Sliding Delamination Modes." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39631.

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Delamination between thin films is classified into two types: opening mode and sliding mode. Corresponding to each mode, there is the interface strength between thin films. This paper aims to evaluate interface strength between the sub-micron thin films for opening mode and sliding mode, respectively. We already developed the evaluation method of interface fracture toughness for opening mode on the basis of fracture mechanics concept elsewhere. Moreover, the evaluation method of sliding mode is proposed and the interface strength between thin films for an advanced LSI is evaluated as the fracture toughness by using both methods. In both modes, the stress singularity appears in the vicinity of the edge of interface and governs the delamination. The criterion of crack initiation for each mode is evaluated as the interface toughness. The fracture toughness at the edge of interface in sliding mode is lower than that in opening mode.
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Eltai, Nahla O., Sara H. Al-Hadidi, Asmaa A. Al Than, Sanjay H. Doiphode, and Hadi M. Yassine. "Salmonellosis among Pediatric Population in Qatar: Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0126.

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Objectives: This study aims to characterize at the molecular level the genes encoding resistance in Salmonella and explain the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to ceftriaxone, cefepime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, colistin and azithromycin in Salmonella. It aims as well to characterize the 16S rRNA gene region by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to investigate if this region constitutes an appropriate ‘coincidental’ marker to distinguish important pathogenic Salmonella species. Finally, determine the lineages of Salmonella species and evolutionary relationships among bacteria classified within the same genus. Methodology: 246 Salmonella isolates were collected from children under 16 years old during Jan. 2018 - Dec 2019, presented with gastroenteritis at Hamad Medical Corporation. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nineteen relevant antibiotics using E-test. Isolates that harbor antibiotic resistance were confirmed using PCR specific primers for 38 genes. In addition, the variable region of class 1 and 2 integrons were identified by PCR among amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC) resistant samples. RFLP targeting16S rRNAwas performed using seven restriction enzymes including AluI, Bgl I, Bgl II, EcoR I, SmaI, Hinf I & Hae III. Results: Resistance was detected against 15 antibiotics and (38.2%) of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Overall, high resistance was reported to tetracycline (23.9%), ampicillin (21.1%), AMC (18.7%) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (13%). Further, 22.4% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 4.1% being ESBL producers. 90 % of ESBL producers had one of bla CTX-M-Group. Class (1) AMC resistant samples showed the highest resistance to different antibiotics. 16S rRNA-RFLP analysis divided Salmonella isolates into two main groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate a high antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella, which necessities the development of regulatory programs to combats antimicrobial resistance. In particular, our results showed high resistance to Class (1) AMC cassette that involves the transmission and expression of the resistance. This might lead to a concern of increased multidrug resistance in the future. This study provides evidence guidance to activate and implement the pillars of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal and human health to reduce MDR salmonellosis.
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Paiva, João Paulo Silva de, Jussara Almeida de Oliveira Baggio, Thiago Cavalcanti Leal, Leonardo Feitosa da Silva, Lucas Gomes Santos, Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo, Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana, et al. "Epidemiology of Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality in Brazil (1996- 2015): temporal modeling using inflection point regression." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.094.

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Background: cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are the second leading cause of death in the world. Objective: to analyze the trend of mortality from CVD in Brazil (1996-2015) and its association with the human development index (HDI) and the social vulnerability index (IVS). Methods: this is an ecological study involving mortality rates standardized by CVDD. Death data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. For temporal analyzes, the inflection point regression model was used, with the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC), with a confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5%. The trends were classified as increasing, decreasing or stationary. The multivariate regression model was used to test the association between mortality from CVD, HDI and IVS. Results: 1,850,811 deaths due to CVD were recorded in the studied period. There was a reduction in the national mortality rate (APC:-2.4; p=0.001). Twenty federative units showed significant trends, 13 of which were decreasing, including all from the Midwest (n=4), Southeast (n=4) and South (n=3) regions. The HDI had a positive association and the IVS, a negative association with mortality (p=0.046 and p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion: the study showed an unequal epidemiological behavior of mortality among the regions, being higher in the states of the Southeast and South, but with a significant tendency to decrease, and lower in the states of the North and Northeast, but with a significant trend of growth. HDI and IVS were associated with mortality.
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Tessaro, Camila Lorenzini, Renata Dal-Prá Ducci, Cláudia Suemi Kamoi Kay, Otto Jesus Hernandez Fustes, Lineu César Werneck, Paulo José Lorenzoni, and Rosana Hermínia Scola. "Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of the peripheral polyneuropathies from a single specialized center in the Southern Brazil." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.359.

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Background: The peripheral polyneuropathies have etiological heterogeneity, with more than a hundred known causes. In addition, they have a lack of information related to their epidemiology. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of each etiology of polyneuropathy in a single specialized center from Southern Brazil and to correlate main clinical manifestations and electrophysiological aspects. Design and setting: Observational cross-sectional study. Neuromuscular disorder center from a tertiary service. Methods: This study comprised individuals with electrodiagnostic tests compatible with polyneuropathy from a neuromuscular disorder center. Selected patients were those who underwent nerve conduction studies between 2008 and 2017. Through analysis of medical records, polyneuropathies were classified according to etiology and neurophysiological aspect. Results: The sample population consisted of 380 patients who has a male predominance (59.5%), with a median age of 43 years (26-57). The main etiologies were inflammatory (23.7%), hereditary (18.9%), idiopathic (13.7%), multifactorial (11.1%) and diabetes (10.8%). The main electrophysiological patterns were Axonal Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (36.1%) and Demyelinating- Axonal Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy (27.9%). Idiopathic, diabetic, and multifactorial polyneuropathies had predominantly axonal pattern, while inflammatory and hereditary polyneuropathies had mainly demyelinating pattern. Conclusions: The frequency of inflammatory etiology was higher than previously described and frequency of diabetic polyneuropathy was lower. There may be a change in epidemiology of polyneuropathy in specialized centers, with a tendency to decrease idiopathic polyneuropathy. Electrodiagnostic testing is useful for etiological diagnosis since electrophysiological patterns correlate with specific etiologies.
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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Bruno Carvalho Brandão, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Jhoney Francieis Feitosa, and Paula Pitta de Resende Côrtes. "Treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: an overview." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.119.

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Background: epileptic seizures are treated with antiepileptics; nevertheless, about 30% of these patients do not present complete control with only drug therapy. Objectives: to describe the overview of treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures, available on DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020, taking in account: number of hospitalizations, public health expenditures, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, hospital stay, and service character. Results: there were 131,397 hospitalizations for treatment procedures in this period, accounting for R$97,412,992.73, with 2008 the year with the greatest number of hospitalizations (12,041) and 2020 with the greatest expenditure (R$10,065,826.67). 7,091 of them were elective, while 124,290 were urgent. 45,307 were carried out in public care and 38,154 in private one. All of them were considered medium complexity. Mortality rate was 2.76%, corresponding to 3,621 deaths, with 2020 the year with the greatest mortality (3.67%) and 2008 with the lowest (2.21%). Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (0.83 versus 2.87 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.40 versus 2.55 in private care). Average stay was 5.4 days and average cost per hospital stay was R$741.36. Conclusion: treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures are classified as medium complexity, most of which being urgent. Higher mortality rate was observed in urgent cases and private health care.
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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Bruno Carvalho Brandão, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Jhoney Francieis Feitosa, and Paula Pitta de Resende Côrtes. "Treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: an overview." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.731.

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Background: epileptic seizures are treated with antiepileptics; nevertheless, about 30% of these patients do not present complete control with only drug therapy. Objectives: to describe the overview of treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures in the state of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures, available on DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020, taking in account: number of hospitalizations, public health expenditures, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, hospital stay, and service character. Results: there were 131,397 hospitalizations for treatment procedures in this period, accounting for R$97,412,992.73, with 2008 the year with the greatest number of hospitalizations (12,041) and 2020 with the greatest expenditure (R$10,065,826.67). 7,091 of them were elective, while 124,290 were urgent. 45,307 were carried out in public care and 38,154 in private one. All of them were considered medium complexity. Mortality rate was 2.76%, corresponding to 3,621 deaths, with 2020 the year with the greatest mortality (3.67%) and 2008 with the lowest (2.21%). Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (0.83 versus 2.87 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.40 versus 2.55 in private care). Average stay was 5.4 days and average cost per hospital stay was R$741.36. Conclusion: treatment procedures for uncontrolled epileptic seizures are classified as medium complexity, most of which being urgent. Higher mortality rate was observed in urgent cases and private health care.
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Stillwell, Ashlynn S., and Michael E. Webber. "Feasibility of Wind Power for Brackish Groundwater Desalination: A Case Study of the Energy-Water Nexus in Texas." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90158.

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With dwindling water supplies and the impacts of climate change, many cities are turning to water sources previously considered unusable. One such source for inland cities is brackish groundwater. With prolonged drought throughout Texas, cities such as El Paso, Lubbock, and San Antonio are desalinating brackish groundwater to supplement existing water sources. Similar projects are under consideration elsewhere in Texas. While brackish groundwater contains fewer total dissolved solids than seawater, desalination of brackish groundwater is still an energy-intensive process. Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis, the most common desalination membrane treatment process, consumes 20 to 40 times more energy than traditional surface water treatment using local water sources. This additional energy consumption leads to increased carbon emissions when using fossil fuel-generated electricity. As a result of concern over greenhouse gas emissions from additional energy consumption, some desalination plants are powered by wind-generated electricity. West Texas is a prime area for desalination of brackish groundwater using wind power, since both wind and brackish groundwater resources are abundant in the area. Most of the Texas Panhandle and Plains region has wind resource potential classified as Class 3 or higher. Additionally, brackish groundwater is found at depths less than 150 m in most of west Texas. This combination of wind and brackish groundwater resources presents opportunities for the production of alternative drinking water supplies without severe carbon emissions. Additionally, since membrane treatment is not required to operate continuously, desalination matches well with variable wind power. Implementing a brackish groundwater desalination project using wind-generated electricity requires economic feasibility, in addition to the geographic availability of the two resources. Using capital and operating cost data for wind turbines and desalination membranes, we conducted a thermoeconomic analysis for three parameters: 1) transmission and transport, 2) geographic proximity, and 3) aquifer volume. Our first parameter analyzes the cost effectiveness of tradeoffs between building infrastructure to transmit wind-generated electricity to the desalination facility versus pipelines to transport brackish groundwater to the wind turbines. Secondly, we estimate the maximum distance between the wind turbines and brackish groundwater at which desalination using wind power remains economically feasible. Finally, we estimate the minimum available brackish aquifer volume necessary to make such a project profitable. Our analysis illustrates a potential drinking water option for Texas (and other parts of the world with similar conditions) using renewable energy to treat previously unusable water. Harnessing these two resources in an economically efficient manner may help reduce future strain on the energy-water nexus.
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Marchenko, Nataliya. "Navigation in the Russian Arctic: Sea Ice Caused Difficulties and Accidents." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10546.

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The 5 Russian Arctic Seas have common features, but differ significantly from each other in the sea ice regime and navigation specifics. Navigation in the Arctic is a big challenge, especially during the winter season. However, it is necessary, due to limited natural resources elsewhere on Earth that may be easier for exploitation. Therefore sea ice is an important issue for future development. We foresee that the Arctic may become ice free in summer as a result of global warming and even light yachts will be able to pass through the Eastern Passage. There have been several such examples in the last years. But sea ice is an inherent feature of Arctic Seas in winter, it is permanently immanent for the Central Arctic Basin. That is why it is important to get appropriate knowledge about sea ice properties and operations in ice conditions. Four seas, the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi have been examined in the book “Russian Arctic Seas. Navigation Condition and Accidents”, Marchenko, 2012 [1]. The book is devoted to the eastern sector of the Arctic, with a description of the seas and accidents caused by heavy ice conditions. The traditional physical-geographical characteristics, information about the navigation conditions and the main sea routes and reports on accidents that occurred in the 20th century have reviewed. An additional investigation has been performed for more recent accidents and for the Barents Sea. Considerable attention has been paid to problems associated with sea ice caused by the present development of the Arctic. Sea ice can significantly affect shipping, drilling, and the construction and operation of platforms and handling terminals. Sea ice is present in the main part of the east Arctic Sea most of the year. The Barents Sea, which is strongly influenced and warmed by the North Atlantic Current, has a natural environment that is dramatically different from those of the other Arctic seas. The main difficulties with the Barents Sea are produced by icing and storms and in the north icebergs. The ice jet is the most dangerous phenomenon in the main straits along the Northern Sea Route and in Chukchi Seas. The accidents in the Arctic Sea have been classified, described and connected with weather and ice conditions. Behaviour of the crew is taken into consideration. The following types of the ice-induced accidents are distinguished: forced drift, forced overwintering, shipwreck, and serious damage to the hull in which the crew, sometimes with the help of other crews, could still save the ship. The main reasons for shipwrecks and damages are hits of ice floes (often in rather calm ice conditions), ice nipping (compression) and drift. Such investigation is important for safety in the Arctic.
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Reports on the topic "Epidemiology not elsewhere classified"

1

Davis, Robert E., Edna Tanne, James P. Prince, and Meir Klein. Yellow Disease of Grapevines: Impact, Pathogen Molecular Detection and Identification, Epidemiology, and Potential for Control. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568792.bard.

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Grapevine yellows diseases characterized by similar symptoms have been reported in several countries including Israel, the United States, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Australia. These diseases are among the most serious known in grapevine, but precise knowledge of the pathogens' identities and modes of their spread is needed to devise effective control stratgegies. The overall goals of this project were to develop improved molecular diagnostic procedures for detection and identification of the presumed mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) pathogens, now termed phytoplasmas, and to apply these procedures to investigate impact and spread and potential for controlling grapevine yellows diseases. In the course of this research project, increased incidence of grapevine yellows was found in Israel and the United States; the major grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel was identified and tis 16S rRNA gene characterized; leafhopper vectors of this grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel were identified; a second phytoplasma was discovered in diseased grapevines in Israel; the grapevine yellows disease in the U.S. was found to be distinct from that in Israel; grapevine yellows in Virginia, USA, was found to be caused by two different phytoplasmas; both phytoplasmas in Virginia grapevines were molecularly characterized and classified; commercial grapevines in Europe were discovered to host a phytoplasma associated with aster yellow disease in the USA, but this phytoplasma has not been found in grapevine in the USA; the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was found to be distinct from the grapevine phytoplasmas in Israel, the United States and Europe and was described and named "Candidatus phytoplasma australiense", and weed host plants acting as potential reservoirs of the grapevine phytoplasmas were discovered. These and other findings from the project should aid in the design and development of strategies for managing the grapevine yellows disease problem.
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2

Liang, R., D. Liu, HB Li, and ZG Zhai. The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0041.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formulas in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonaryhypertension (PH). Condition being studied: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) complicated with pulmonary hypertension(PH) is classified as the third group PH.According to epidemiology, the most common cause of PH associated with lung diseases and/or hypoxia is COPD, but the prevalence rate of COPD with PH range from 20% to 91% variously. In China, many TCM formulas are regularly used in COPD patients , thus TCM formulas therapy is worth considering.
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