Journal articles: 'Epidemiological context'

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Stang, Paul. "Epidemiological Context of Signalling." Drug Safety 30, no. 7 (2007): 611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200730070-00007.

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Henderson, A. S. "Alzheimer's disease in its epidemiological context." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 88, S149 (January 29, 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04243.x.

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Dye, Christopher. "5. The epidemiological context of vector control." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, no. 2 (March 1994): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90270-4.

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Yarmoshenko, Ilia, and Ivan Kirdin. "Problems in radon measurements in context of epidemiological studies." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401013y.

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Epidemiological case control study is considered to be primary instrument to investigate the relationship between population indoor radon exposure and risk of lung cancer. A number of such studies had been completed in last 15 years and others are running now. Considering indoor radon and progeny some specific efforts should be undertaken to assess the exposure. While the lungs exposure after inhalation arises mainly due to radon progeny, in the case of the radon gas measurements application the researchers have to address the disequilibrium between radon and radon progeny. It is widely accepted by researchers and approved by ICRP that worldwide average value of equilibrium factor is 0.4 though real equilibrium factor value can deviate significantly from average. Temporal variation of indoor radon concentration complicates the evaluation of exposure as well. Three types of variation can be emphasized: diurnal, seasonal and long time. Experimental and modeling investigation of radon entry shown that pattern of indoor radon temporal variation firmly depends on relationship between entry rates of primary radon sources (diffusive and advective) and influencing factors are construction characteristics, climatic condition and life style. To find appropriate parameters describing radon disequilibrium and temporal variation it is necessary to perform special investigation in the representative sample of houses.

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Vale, Pedro F., Alastair J. Wilson, Alex Best, Mike Boots, and Tom J. Little. "Epidemiological, Evolutionary, and Coevolutionary Implications of Context-Dependent Parasitism." American Naturalist 177, no. 4 (April 2011): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659002.

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Libin, Pieter, Ewout Vanden Eynden, Francesca Incardona, Ann Nowé, Antonia Bezenchek, Anders Sönnerborg, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Kristof Theys, and Guy Baele. "PhyloGeoTool: interactively exploring large phylogenies in an epidemiological context." Bioinformatics 33, no. 24 (August 26, 2017): 3993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx535.

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Bieli, C., R. Frei, V. Schickinger, J. Steinle, C. Bommer, S. Loeliger, C. Braun-Fahrländer, E. von Mutius, G. Pershagen, and R. Lauener. "Gene expression measurements in the context of epidemiological studies." Allergy 63, no. 12 (December 2008): 1633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01744.x.

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Kalinina, Natalia V., Muliat M. Tkhugo, Lyudmila P. Shipovskaya, Svetlana I. Matafonova, Tatyana L. Khudyakova, and Lyubov I. Kazakova. "Social network activity of students in conditions of an epidemiological threat." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i4.6262.

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The period of restrictions on social contacts introduced by the governments of different countries increased the time spent by users in social networks. The paper aims to analyze the Internet activity of students in social networks as a way of overcoming interaction difficulties in the context of an epidemiological threat. The research used the observation method and questionnaires to collect data for this research. The sample for the research consisted of 300 students between ages of 18 and 22, who were purposively sampled. Using content analysis and the statistical program for social sciences, the collected data were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was established that the Internet activity of students in social networks in the context of an epidemiological threat and globalization in general, determines the level of development and the content framework of a person's self-attitude. Keywords: activity; epidemiological threat; social network; manifestations of activity; self-attitude

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Chabbar, S., Y. Iddbaha, M. Benzakour, F. Z. Faouji, A. Mounir, and C. Elkettani EL Hamidi. "Epidemiological Profile of Diabetic Ketoacidosis." EAS Journal of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 6, no. 05 (September 10, 2024): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2024.v06i05.004.

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Diabetic ketoacidosis is a real public health problem in our context with an incidence of 12.67%. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a therapeutic emergency that requires rigorous management, especially in the acute phase, while respecting the therapeutic particularities of each patient and taking care to detect the etiologies. The etiological research of ketoacidotic decompensation has enabled us to determine, as the main triggering factors, therapeutic non-compliance and then infections, predominated by urinary infections and pneumonia. Initial treatment is based on rehydration, insulin therapy and correction of electrolyte and acid-base disorders, of course, with rigorous and essential monitoring combating possible complications, particularly iatrogenic, represented in our context mainly by the hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, cerebral edema and acute renal failure. The analytical statistical study allowed us to conclude that death was essentially linked to complications occurring during the hospital stay, notably septic shock, cerebral involvement, renal failure and the use of mechanical ventilation.

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Udovichenko, S. K., A. V. Toporkov, I. G. Karnaukhov, V. A. Safronov, O. V. Kedrova, V. P. Toporkov, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (June 20, 2013): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2013-2-26-32.

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Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.

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Leqouider, Zhour, Zakaria Abidli, Latifa Kamal, Joumana El Turk, Bouzekri Touri, and Abdrrahim Khyati. "PREVALENCE OF LEARNING DISABILITY IN THE MOROCCAN CONTEXT: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 6 (December 24, 2021): 1020–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.89.

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The interest given to the manifestations and repercussions of learning disability (LD) is relatively recent in Morocco, not only in research but also in endorsing students and their families to contribute to the assessment of learning disability and how prevalence it, as well as the factors which may influence it, particularly factors linked to the socio-economic level, gender, genetics, and the linguistic environment. This work aims to study LD prevalence, considering the Moroccan educational system specificity. It was conducted based on three main steps: identification, screening, and diagnosis and carried out with 14,605 primary school pupils in 63 public and 16 private schools from 2012 to 2018. The identification is based on tests that seek to assess spelling in Arabic, French, along with arithmetic, to be administered collectively to the students. Screening and diagnosis are undertaken by multidisciplinary teams comprising speech therapists, neuropsychologists, psychologists, psychomotor therapists, and child psychiatrists. As a result, it was revealed that 12% of the students screened present at least one specific learning incident with specific reading disorder (dyslexia) at 11.6% of our sample. Moreover, the specific spelling disorder with a prevalence of 11.52%, and dysgraphia with a prevalence of 4.6%, while in 3% of our sample, we suspected specific disorder of arithmetic skills (dyscalculia). These disorders affect two times more boys than girls. Additionally, their rate is significantly impacted by genetic heritage and linguistic environment. However, the association between the socio-economic profile and the prevalence of learning disabilities has not been established.

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Alter, Joseph Stewart, and Chandrashekar Sharma. "Nature cure treatment in the context of India's epidemiological transition." Journal of Integrative Medicine 14, no. 4 (July 2016): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60265-0.

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13

Lu, T. H. "Earthquake and suicide: bringing context back into disaster epidemiological studies." International Journal of Epidemiology 33, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh234.

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Popov, E. V. "Drivers of the Economy in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic." Journal of Applied Economic Research 20, no. 1 (2021): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.1.001.

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The purpose of this study is to systematize the drivers of the economy in a complicated epidemiological situation. The research hypothesis is that under the conditions of severe epidemiological restrictions, drivers of advanced digital technologies and modeling of the applications of these technologies are becoming a priority for economic development. The object of this study is economic activity in a difficult epidemiological situation. The subject matter of the research is economic relations that generate drivers-technologies and applications that ensure the progressive development of economic activity. The research method is logical system analysis of factors, technologies, and technological applications. The algorithm of this study comprised the following stages. First, we analyzed the results of published studies on the economics of complicated epidemiological situations. Then we highlighted the problems of economic activity. Further, we proposed solutions to these problems using advanced digital technologies and applications of these technologies. In conclusion, we analyzed possible directions for modeling the drivers of the economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. The problems of economic activity during the coronavirus pandemic are highlighted. These problems include the problems of reducing contacts between people, transparency of information, taking into account people's needs, accounting for resources, and reallocation of resources. The solution of these problems is systematized based on the use of advanced digital technologies and applications of these technologies as drivers of the economy. Cloud technologies, digital platforms and blockchain technologies, as well as applications of digital technologies in the form of the sharing economy, the Internet of things and the concept of a smart city are analyzed. The possibility of modeling the drivers of economic development based on the apparatus of institutional economic theory is shown. In this case, economic activity modeling is based on four consecutive stages: design, distribution, measurement, and evolution of economic institutions. The theoretical significance of the results is the development of theoretical foundations for modeling economic activity in a complicated epidemiological situation. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of applied tools for predicting the development of economic activity in the event of a coronavirus pandemic.

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Neeleman, J. "Beyond Risk Theory: Suicidal Behavior in its Social and Epidemiological Context." Crisis 23, no. 3 (May 2002): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.23.3.114.

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Summary: The effect of exposure to risk factors for suicidal behavior varies from place to place and from period to period. This may be due to contextual influences, which arise if individuals' suicide risk depends not only on their personal exposure to risk or protective factors, but also on how these are distributed in their social, cultural, economic, or even physical environments. There has been relatively little explicit attention in suicide research for such contextual influences even though they are an important component of the cross-level bias, which can arise when aggregate level associations are assumed to also apply in individuals and vice versa. Contextual effects are conceptually related to the issues of social selection vs. causation, population density, and network effects. Because of a lack of prospective multilevel research, it is unclear exactly which mechanisms underlie the phenomenon that the distribution of risk factors in an individual's context may affect their suicide risk above and beyond their personal exposure. A number of mechanisms, like deviancy amplification, formalization of restraints, and buffering effects of social support are proposed. Contextual effects may result in a concentration of suicide risk in persons when the risk factors they are exposed to become rare—whether spontaneously or through focused prevention. This has important but mostly overlooked implications for population-based prevention strategies.

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Marutschke, Daniel Moritz, and Hitoshi Ogawa. "Clustering Scientific Publication Trends in Cultural Context Using Epidemiological Model Parameters." Procedia Technology 18 (2014): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.11.018.

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Aigarinova, Gulnar, Maksat Yelikbai, Saltanat Beisebaeva, Auyelkhan Sabirov, and Adema Suttibayeva. "Problems of legal provision of sanitary and epidemiological sustainability and well-being of the population in the context of modern challenges." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA' 13, no. 1 (November 2023): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2023-001-s1003.

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The relevance is conditioned by the need for a substantive investigation of the current state of the problems of legal provision of epidemiological safety of the population in the context of modern challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is a qualitative investigation of the problems of legal provision of sanitary safety of the population in the context of modern challenges, and the search for effective opportunities to ensure legal protection of measures for the qualitative solution of problematic issues related to solving the problems of epidemiological safety of the main segments of the population. The results indicate significant successes achieved to date in the Republic of Kazakhstan in matters of legal regulation of sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population.

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Fiest, Kirsten M., Ruth Ann Marrie, Nathalie Jette, and Derrick A. Bennett. "The Standards of Reporting of Neurological Disorders (STROND) checklist: Application to multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516634873.

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Background: Descriptive epidemiological studies documenting the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and studies that report morbidity, mortality, and economic burden provide essential information for patients, healthcare providers, and policymakers. However, the quality of reporting of observational studies is often poor, limiting the ability to evaluate the validity of the findings. The Standards of Reporting of Neurological Disorders (STROND) reporting guideline comprises recommendations and a 15-item checklist of reporting items to aid high-quality reporting of incidence and prevalence studies of neurological disorders. Methods: We explain the basic reporting items of the STROND checklist for the methods, results, and discussion sections in the context of the MS literature and searched for examples of good reporting of those items. Results: We identified examples of good reporting of the basic reporting items from previous systematic reviews of the descriptive epidemiologic literature in MS. Conclusion: The adoption of the STROND reporting guidelines should improve the quality of reporting of descriptive epidemiological studies in MS. Along with efforts to improve methodological aspects of epidemiological studies and harmonization of data collection efforts, improved reporting could contribute to furthering our understanding of the epidemiology of MS.

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Dia, Jean Marc, Corneille Saki, Oyeladé Mouhideen, Eric Bohoussou, Moctar Touré, Gerard Okon, Privat Guié, and Simplice Anongba. "Epidemiological Aspects of Metastatic Relapse of Breast Cancer in an African Context." Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 07, no. 05 (2017): 552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2017.75058.

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Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh. "Role of Community Medicine experts in the changing epidemiological context of Nepal." Health Prospect 20, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v20i1.29059.

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Community Medicine experts are a valuable resource for a stronger health care system in Nepal. They have made significant contributions to the health sector yet have remained largely under-utilized in the national health care system. The health system is likely to be restructured considering the current COVID-19 pandemic and this is the right opportunity to utilize this pool of experts at different levels of the health system.

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Mezuk, Briana, Adam P. Spira, Olivia I. Okereke, and Constantine G. Lyketsos. "Bridging Clinical Context With Epidemiological Concepts in Geriatric Psychiatry: Three Case Studies." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (March 2015): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.12.008.

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Rusova, Violetta, and Anait Mkrtumova. "Institutional Regulation of the Healthcare System in the Context of Spreading COVID-19 in the Russian Federation." Virtual Economics 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.04(4).

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The modern era of globalization creates specific socio-ecological conditions for the existence of the world human community, which, in turn, determine the singularity of the epidemiological behaviour of many infectious diseases. The year 2020 has challenged the humanity with a pandemic that is rapidly spreading around the world. Global relationships are fraught with global epidemiological problems. Such manifestations of globalization as intensified international migration of population, roaring international trade in agricultural products, domestic and wild animals and birds, food, raw materials and goods, development of high-speed transport, turn the world into a single global socio-ecological epidemiological system, in which all processes are interconnected and mutually dependent. The purpose of this research is to study and analyse the system of institutional regulation of the health system in the context of a pandemic. The study used such methods as the analysis method, analogies, comparisons, observations, as well as statistical methods to analyse various indicators necessary for research. Using the above methods, a large amount of literature, legislation, regulatory and institutional regulations on this issue was analysed, some existing indicators were summarized, and a conclusion was made about the process of institutional regulation in an unfavourable epidemiological situation. As a result of the study based on a large number of official documents, it was concluded that measures were taken in the Russian Federation to counteract the active spread of a new coronavirus infection. Implementation of the state policy on preventing the spread of the pandemic resulted in no high mortality rate from new coronavirus infection compared to other world states. It should be noted that due to the federal structure of the country, the heads of regions independently decide on the regulation of mechanisms to counter the spread of infection on the territory of the subject. In this regard, it is not possible to promptly update information on the effectiveness of the measures taken. Currently, the risk-based approach described in the article is a mechanism for studying the epidemiological situation, which allows determining the risk factors that affect it and, on this basis, to rank epidemiological problems by their degree of importance. Due to the fact that the pandemic as a new virus was an unexpected risk, the clinical picture remains blurred, but the institutional form of state regulation is fused to protect the rights of citizens to health care under conditions of the pandemic.

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Poltoratskaya, N. V., T. N. Poltoratskaya, T. M. Pankina, M. V. Kondratyev, A. V. Shikhin, and А. А. Rudikov. "CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS FOCI IN THE TOMSK REGION." Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, no. 3 (August 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33092/0025-8326mp2021.3.3-11.

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This paper characterizes the current epidemiological situation of tick-borne encephalitis in the Tomsk region. There has been a decrease in the incidence of TBE for 10 years. There was made an attempt to typify the epidemiological situation of tick-borne encephalitis nidus on the basis of analysis of epidemiological data of the recent years (2011-2020) in the context of administrative territories of Tomsk region. The typification of the foci of TBE was carried out in the context of the administrative territories of the region. Areas of high, medium, low risk of TBE infection are identified. The territories of the city of Tomsk and the Tomsk region, where the maximum infection rates are recorded (66-88 cases per year), are referred to the high-risk zone. Keywords: monitoring, morbidity, tick-borne encephalitis, natural focal infections, intensive indicator.

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Kannan, Deepak, Seshadri Venkatesh, and Aishwarya Mahesh Kumar. "Gastric Carcinoma - The Indian Perspective." Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy Practice 4, no. 4 (September 16, 2024): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ghep.ghep_18_24.

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The overall incidence of gastric carcinoma has decreased worldwide. India’s diverse geographical and socioeconomic landscape contributes to the unique characteristics of this disease. Understanding the specific risk factors and epidemiological patterns is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies. This review examines the epidemiological trends, etiologic risk factors, types, and diagnostic approaches to gastric carcinoma in the Indian context.

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HEIKKINEN, RIITTA-LIISA. "Ageing in an autobiographical context." Ageing and Society 20, no. 4 (July 2000): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007795.

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A cohort study was carried out in 1990 in Jyväskylä, central Finland among 80-year-old residents as part of the Evergreen project. A total of 262 people born in 1910 were interviewed. In addition to epidemiological data, tape-recorded narrative stories focusing on the ageing experience were collected from a subsample of 20 people (10 men and 10 women). A five-year follow-up was carried out with the same cohort in 1995. Out of the 20 people in the original subsample, 17 (8 women and 9 men) were still alive to describe their ageing experience at 85. The analysis proceeded along the hermeneutic circle in the form of dialogue, first with the elderly narrators and then with the tape-recorded material. Unlike five years previously, most of the narrators said they had now crossed the line into old age. These findings are considered in light of the concepts of ageing, bodiliness and temporality.

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Bortolo da Cruz, Mariângela Guanaes, and Paulo Capel Narvai. "Contribution of water fluoridated to facial aesthetics in a context of low prevalence of caries." MOJ Public Health 11, no. 4 (September 12, 2022): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojph.2022.11.00392.

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Background: Fluoridated water adds a preventive benefit against caries, even in epidemiological scenarios with a low prevalence of the disease. It is not known whether in such contexts this public health technology has an impact on facial aesthetics, as the preventive effect of fluoridated water on anterior, aesthetically relevant, and posterior teeth groups is different. In this article this possible effect is evaluated. Methods: Two ssimultaneous, epidemiological census population surveys, were carried out in two Brazilian cities with low prevalence of caries: Silveiras (fluoridated), and São José do Barreiro (not fluoridated). The values of the Decayed, Missing and Filling Teeth - DMFT index were organized according to their distribution by two teeth groups, called “anterior” and “posterior”. In order to make comparisons and evaluate the meaning of the values found in the census, the proportions of the participation of anterior teeth groups at the age of 12 years were calculated in databases of epidemiological population surveys of caries made available by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health of São Paulo University, carried out in Santos-1995 (fluoridated), in Suzano-2012 (fluoridated), as well as the research São Paulo State- SB-SP-2015 (fluoridated and not). Results: The mean DMFT index was 1.7 (sd=1.9) in Silveiras, and 2.6 (sd=3.4) in São José do Barreiro. The average DMFT was: 1.73 (1.57-1.89) in Santos, 1.21 (1.02-1.39) in Suzano, 1.89 São Paulo state (exposed fluoridation) and 2.38 (not exposed). The percentage share of anterior teeth groups in the composition of the DMFT values, at 12 years of age, was: Silveiras 4.33, São José do Barreiro 14.11, Santos 4.08, Suzano 4.44, and in São Paulo state 4.54 (exposed) and 7.54 (not exposed). Conclusion: Water fluoridation produces epidemiological effects on anterior teeth groups, even in contexts of low disease prevalence. This effect is relevant in permanent teeth, helping to prevent losses and preserve dental occlusion, thereby improving facial esthetics.

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Mihălţan, Florin, Ancuţa Constantin, and Ruxandra Ulmeanu. "Pulmonary TB Faces in the New Context of Drug Users." Internal Medicine 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/inmed-2023-0238.

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Abstract Tuberculosis has taken on a new face in the context of emergent drug use. The combination of conditions such as HIV infection, hepatitis B or C, arising from the use of injectable drugs create serious problems in hospitals. In this new context, the authors analyze epidemiological aspects, predisposing factors, clinical expressions and therapeutic solutions for these cases, but also the programs that must be adopted to allow the control of this new worldwide challenge.

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Melnyk, Iryna, Yuriy Turyanskyy, Ihor Mishchuk, Nataliіa Mitsenko, and Roksolana Godunko. "Modeling the possibilities of economic adaptation of trade enterprises and hospitality industry in the context of epidemiological zoning." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(4).2020.17.

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The article identifies the negative impact of the coronavirus crisis on the expected efficiency of retail, hotel, restaurant and tourism businesses. The aim of the paper is to develop a methodological algorithm for short-term forecasting of opportunities to restore the effective activity of enterprises under quarantine restrictions.Seasonal component adjustments were performed in the Demetra+ software. Modeling the recovery of effective activity included an assessment of the influence of macroparameters on the dynamics of an enterprise’s sales volumes under pre-quarantine conditions, defining the size of economic losses, determining coefficients of macroindicators’ dynamic influence under conditions of differentiation of quarantine restrictions, constructing a matrix of multiple regression equations, which clearly demonstrates the forecast prospects for restoring the effective activity of enterprises, depending on the quarantine zoning. A situational model of the possible scenario dynamics of enterprises’ trade turnover was built taking into account the quarantine zoning and the logical transformational algorithms of influence on variable system parameters caused by it. The thermometer principle was used as a fuzzy logic tool to consider the specifics of the dynamics of various linguistic variables and bring the forecast model as close as possible to the epidemiological zoning logic. Approbation of the methodology revealed a clear correlation between the severity of quarantine restrictions and the expected growth of enterprise activity amounts. In a more advanced form, the method should be used for short-term macroeconomic forecasting when determining quarantine restrictions and epidemiological zoning.

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Izzi, Benedetta, Alfonsina Tirozzi, Chiara Cerletti, Maria Benedetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano, Marc F. Hoylaerts, Licia Iacoviello, and Alessandro Gialluisi. "Beyond Haemostasis and Thrombosis: Platelets in Depression and Its Co-Morbidities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 8817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228817.

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Alongside their function in primary haemostasis and thrombo-inflammation, platelets are increasingly considered a bridge between mental, immunological and coagulation-related disorders. This review focuses on the link between platelets and the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its most frequent comorbidities. Platelet- and neuron-shared proteins involved in MDD are functionally described. Platelet-related studies performed in the context of MDD, cardiovascular disease, and major neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders are transversally presented from an epidemiological, genetic and functional point of view. To provide a complete scenario, we report the analysis of original data on the epidemiological link between platelets and depression symptoms suggesting moderating and interactive effects of sex on this association. Epidemiological and genetic studies discussed suggest that blood platelets might also be relevant biomarkers of MDD prediction and occurrence in the context of MDD comorbidities. Finally, this review has the ambition to formulate some directives and perspectives for future research on this topic.

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Safronov, V. A., N. V. Piskunova, A. I. Kovtunov, V. V. Kabin, A. A. Ilyukhin, A. I. Kologorov, N. N. Nikeshina, et al. "New Information Technologies in Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis Carried out at the Level of the Russian Federation Constituent Entity: the Astrakhan Region as an Example." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2(104) (April 20, 2010): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2010-2(104)-43-48.

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Retrospective epidemiological analysis as regards infectious and parasitic diseases in the Astrakhan Region was carried out using the methods of complex multi-dimensional data analysis - OLAP. It was elucidated that application of the OLAP cube technologies enabled to facilitate complex retrospective analysis of epidemiological data in the context of different groups of infectious and parasitic diseases. It became possible by means of automation of calculations and use of qualitatively new methods in formation of database profiles. Enterobiasis and acute enteric infections of unidentified etiology were shown to be the most significant in epidemiological and social relation among the enteric group diseases.

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Seiler, Michael, Andrew Collins, and Nina Fefferman. "Strategic Mortgage Default in the Context of a Social Network: An Epidemiological Approach." Journal of Real Estate Research 35, no. 4 (January 1, 2013): 445–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2013.12091371.

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Swart, Lu-Anne, and Mohamed Seedat. "An epidemiological study of injury in a low socioeconomic context: implications for prevention." Injury Control and Safety Promotion 8, no. 4 (December 2001): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/icsp.8.4.241.3329.

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Patel, Chirag J., and John P. A. Ioannidis. "Placing epidemiological results in the context of multiplicity and typical correlations of exposures." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 68, no. 11 (June 12, 2014): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204195.

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DYBA, Mykhailo, and Iuliia GERNEGO. "Sources for business and social sphere technologization in the context of epidemiological risks." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.06.093.

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Ризванова, Мария Артуровна. "Development of the Personnel Management System in the Context of an Epidemiological Situation." Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал, no. 5(155) (October 16, 2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34773/eu.2020.5.15.

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В данной статье рассмотрены актуальные подходы к развитию системы управления персоналом в условиях эпидемиологической ситуации, в частности, выявлены ключевые аспекты, которые рекомендуется учитывать при выстраивании эффективной управленческой концепции в кризисный и посткризисный периоды. Отдельное внимание уделено совершенствованию HR-процессов, реализуемых удаленно при помощи электронно-цифровых и интернет-технологий. This article examines the current approaches to the development of the personnel management system in the context of an epidemiological situation, in particular, identifies the key aspects that are recommended to be considered when building an effective management concept in the crisis and post-crisis periods. Special attention is paid to the improvement of HR-processes, which are implemented remotely using electronic digital and Internet technologies.

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Tidbury, Hannah J., Alex Best, and Mike Boots. "The epidemiological consequences of immune priming." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1746 (September 12, 2012): 4505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1841.

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Exposure to low doses of pathogens that do not result in the host becoming infectious may ‘prime’ the immune response and increase protection to subsequent challenge. There is increasing evidence that such immune priming is a widespread and important feature of invertebrate host–pathogen interactions. Immune priming clearly has implications for individual hosts but will also have population-level implications. We present a susceptible–primed–infectious model—in contrast to the classic susceptible–infectious–recovered framework—to investigate the impacts of immune priming on pathogen persistence and population stability. We describe impacts of immune priming on the epidemiology of the disease in both constant and seasonal environments. A key result is that immune priming may act to destabilize population dynamics. In particular, when the proportion of individuals becoming primed rather than infected is high, but this priming does not confer full immunity, the population may be strongly destabilized through the generation of limit cycles. We discuss the implications of our model both in the context of invertebrate immunity and more widely.

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Ferrari Júnior, Nelson Marcos, Helena Muller, Manoel Ribeiro, Marcus Maia, and José Antonio Sanches Júnior. "Cutaneous melanoma: descriptive epidemiological study." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 126, no. 1 (January 2008): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802008000100008.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous melanoma represents around 3% of all skin tumors. About 20% of such patients will have advanced disease and will die before reaching five years of survival. The aim of this paper was to describe the clinical and histopathological variables and their correlations. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study at the Melanoma Unit, Dermatological Clinic, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo. METHODS: Records from 364 cases between May 1993 and January 2006 were analyzed. The frequencies of all study variables and their 95% confidence intervals were determined. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations among the variables, adopting a significant level of 0.05. RESULTS: Females predominated, with 1.4 women for each man. The patients’ mean age was 58.9 years. Nonwhite patients represented 13.7% of the sample. The prevalent anatomical sites for cutaneous melanoma were the trunk and feet, for both men and women. Acral lentiginous melanoma represented 22.3% of the cohort. In situ primary lesions were observed in few cases and a high percentage of thick cutaneous melanoma was detected. Ulceration was found in 13.4% of the thin tumors (< 1.0 mm). Thicker and ulcerated lesions predominated in male patients (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001 respectively) and in elderly patients (p = 0.021 and p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The cohort mostly presented thick and ulcerated tumors, denoting late diagnosis and bad prognosis. Also, the sample was characterized by considerable prevalence of female patients, nonwhite patients, limb lesions and acral lentiginous melanoma.

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Wheelis, Mark L. "The Multiple Functions of Global Epidemiological Surveillance: A Response to Geissler, Lundin, Rosenberg, and Woodall." Politics and the Life Sciences 11, no. 2 (August 1992): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400015203.

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Lundin, Rosenberg, and Woodall all comment, rightly, that a program of global epidemiological surveillance should be justified first on the basis of its benefits to global public health, and only secondarily on the basis of its contribution to weapons control. I agree, but I present my proposal in the context of weapons control because it is in that context that I became convinced of the necessity of such a program. My intent was to determine how one would recognize, and thereby deter, the clandestine use of biological agents (which I believe to be the most likely form of use). This analysis led to the conclusion that a global program of epidemiological surveillance is essential for biological weapons control.

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Jarynowski, Andrzej, Karolina Czopek, and Michał B. Paradowski. ""Keep your friends close": Przyswajanie języka obcego poprzez interakcje rówieśnicze a edukacja zdalna w dobie pandemii." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XXIII (September 25, 2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.6660.

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This paper focuses on second language acquisition in the context of social interactions naturally taking place among learners, especially in immersion/Study Abroad settings. We showcase the methodology of social network analysis, which has recently shed new light on the relationship between the individual position in the social network and language acquisition, helping to determine which contexts, intensity and direction of interactions are most conducive to L2 progress. At the time of the current COVID-19 pandemic, physical interactions can pose an epidemiological risk. Thus, we conclude with a discussion concerning the challenge of maximising students’ exposure to the target language in the context of emergency remote learning.

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Kolmykova, Tatiana, Elvira Sitnikova, Petr Kovalev, and Elena Astapenko. "Mortgage lending as a mechanism to stimulate investment demand in the context of digitalization." SHS Web of Conferences 128 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112801011.

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Currently, in difficult epidemiological conditions, there are significant changes in all spheres of human life. Also, the negative impact of the coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) was not spared by such a significant area for humanity as a mortgage. Mortgage activity has undergone significant changes in the context of the pandemic, especially under the influence of negative factors. However, despite the difficult epidemiological conditions, the Government of the Russian Federation proposed supportive measures and provided assistance to citizens who found themselves in a difficult situation. The article analyzes the trend in the development of mortgage lending, determines the dynamics of the volume of housing mortgage lending provided by credit institutions to individuals, reveals the interdependence between the number of loans issued and the mortgage rate, examines the impact of overdue debt on mortgage loans on the efficiency of a credit institution. The article examines the activities of the leader in mortgage lending Sberbank. The authors proposed measures to improve the efficiency of mortgage lending development in the activities of Sberbank.

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Petrykin, Nikolai N. "Gendarme railway police in the context of countering epidemics in the territory of the Kursk Governorate (1893–1914)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 188 (2020): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-188-187-194.

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We actualize the historical experience of the gendarme police units of the railways. The role of the gendarme railway police in countering epidemics on the territory of the Kursk Governorate in the prewar years of the 19th century is examined: from the beginning of the first outbreaks of infectious diseases until 1914. An analysis of the affairs of the Kursk branch of the Moscow gendarme police department of railways in the period from 1893 to 1914 is carried out. Con-clusions are drawn about the relationship between outbreaks of epidemics and the attention of officials of the gendarme railway police to the sanitary and epidemiological situation on the railway lines, in conditions of mass movement of immigrants, while ensuring the safety of imperial trains. Based on archival materials, the experience of interdepartmental interaction of the officers of the gendarme railway police on the sanitary and epidemiological situation is shown. An assessment is given of interagency cooperation with medical, railway and other services in matters of sanitary and epidemiological safety at railway facilities. We show the significance of historical experience for the development of forms and models of the work of modern territorial authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in transport, including in the context of the prevention of a new coronavirus infection at the present stage.

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Siegerink, Bob, Wouter den Hollander, Maurice Zeegers, and Rutger Middelburg. "Causal Inference in Law: An Epidemiological Perspective." European Journal of Risk Regulation 7, no. 1 (March 2016): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x0000547x.

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Causal inference lies at the heart of many legal questions. Yet in the context of complicated disease litigation, in particular, the causal inquiry is beset with difficulties due to gaps in scientific knowledge concerning the precise biological processes underlying such diseases. Civil courts across the globe, faced with increased litigation on such matters, struggle to adhere to their judicial fact-finding and decision-making role in the face of such scientific uncertainty. An important difficulty in drawing evidentially sound causal inferences is the binary format of the traditional legal test for factual causation, being the ‘but for’ test, which is based on thecondicio-sine-qua-nonprinciple. To the question ‘would the damage have occurred in the absence of the defendant's wrongful behaviour’ the ‘but for’ test requires a simple yes or no answer. This is increasingly deemed unsatisfactory in cases in which, given the state of science, true causation cannot possibly be determined with certainty.

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Wang, Lijing, Aniruddha Adiga, Jiangzhuo Chen, Adam Sadilek, Srinivasan Venkatramanan, and Madhav Marathe. "CausalGNN: Causal-Based Graph Neural Networks for Spatio-Temporal Epidemic Forecasting." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21479.

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Infectious disease forecasting has been a key focus in the recent past owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and has proved to be an important tool in controlling the pandemic. With the advent of reliable spatiotemporal data, graph neural network models have been able to successfully model the inter-relation between the cross-region signals to produce quality forecasts, but like most deep-learning models they do not explicitly incorporate the underlying causal mechanisms. In this work, we employ a causal mechanistic model to guide the learning of the graph embeddings and propose a novel learning framework -- Causal-based Graph Neural Network (CausalGNN) that learns spatiotemporal embedding in a latent space where graph input features and epidemiological context are combined via a mutually learning mechanism using graph-based non-linear transformations. We design an attention-based dynamic GNN module to capture spatial and temporal disease dynamics. A causal module is added to the framework to provide epidemiological context for node embedding via ordinary differential equations. Extensive experiments on forecasting daily new cases of COVID-19 at global, US state, and US county levels show that the proposed method outperforms a broad range of baselines. The learned model which incorporates epidemiological context organizes the embedding in an efficient way by keeping the parameter size small leading to robust and accurate forecasting performance across various datasets.

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Popova, A. Yu, and A. A. Totolian. "Methodology for assessing herd immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 11, no. 4 (September 20, 2021): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-mfa-1770.

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Serological monitoring of the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of COVID-19 pandemic is a necessary component in epidemiological surveillance, since population epidemiological wellbeing in a context of COVID-19 is determined by state of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The population herd immunity is the limiting factor in spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Information on the state of population immunity is necessary to make a forecast for development of epidemiological situation, as well as to plan measures for specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19. In this regard, the study of population immunity during the pandemic is necessary to predict development of the epidemic and identify features of epidemic process in any certain region and in the country in general. In May 2020, the Rospotrebnadzor program “Assessment of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Russian Federation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic” was developed taking into account WHO recommendations in the format of a longitudinal cohort study with age stratification: at the first stage, a cohort of volunteers is formed; at the second and subsequent stages, the cohort of volunteers formed at the first stage is subject to examination; the number of stages depends on the epidemiological situation. In addition to age-related randomization while forming a cohort, at the first stage, the principle of population coverage uniformity was observed, the participation of volunteers from one institution was excluded, and the use of donated blood or patient blood from medical organizations was excluded. The survey was carried out among 7 age groups of healthy children and adults, regardless present or absent previous COVID-19 disease. Due to the fact that the population study is carried out in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the optimal timing for collecting biomaterial at each stage is no more than 5–7 days. Questioning, selection of volunteers, their registration for blood donation, as well as processing of the results at the first stage, as well as the implementation of the second and subsequent stages of the Program are carried out only by using cloud service technology. This Program and the technology for its implementation have been successfully tested in 26 regions of the Russian Federation during the implementation of four stages from June 2020 to March 2021. Thus, at present, Rospotrebnadzor has developed a methodology and created an effectively working system of serological monitoring to assess level of herd immunity in different regions of the Russian Federation to predict the epidemiological situation, develop recommendations, and plan vaccination.

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Kreuder-Sonnen, Katharina. "Epidemiological state-building in interwar Poland: discourses and paper technologies." Science in Context 32, no. 1 (March 2019): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000036.

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ArgumentThe paper argues that epidemic surveillance and state-building were closely interconnected in interwar Poland. Starting from the paper technology of weekly epidemiological reporting it discusses how the reporting scheme of Polish epidemics came into being in the context of a typhus epidemic in 1919–20. It then shows how the statistics regarding nation-wide epidemics was put into practice. It is only when we take into account these practices that we can understand the epidemiological order the statistics produced. The preprinted weekly report form registered Jews and Christians separately. Yet, the imagined national epidemiological space that emerged from it hardly took notice of this separation. Rather, the category that differentiated Polish epidemiological space in medical discourse was the capacity of contributing to the state-making practices of epidemic surveillance. This category divided Poland into two regions: a civilized and modern western region and a backward and peripheral eastern region.

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Hsieh, Yu-Hsiang, Ka Ming Ngai, Frederick M. Burkle, and Edbert B. Hsu. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Stampedes." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181c5b4ba.

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ABSTRACTObjective: The potential for deadly human stampedes to occur at any mass gathering event highlights this unique form of crowd disaster as deserving of special attention from both scientific and planning perspectives. Improved understanding of human stampedes is indispensable in the mitigation of this type of mass casualty. With relatively few peer-reviewed reports on deadly human stampedes, information from news reports and the Internet is essential to increased collective understanding. Without incorporating nontraditional sources, no other way to reasonably acquire sufficient data is available. This study analyzed human stampede events from 1980 to 2007 to identify epidemiological characteristics associated with increased mortality.Methods: A LexisNexis search was followed by sequential searches of multiple Internet-based English-language news agencies. Date, country, geographical region, time of occurrence, type of event, location, mechanism, number of participants, number injured, and number of deaths were recorded. Bivariate analyses of number of deaths or injuries were conducted using a nonparametric Wilcoxon rank test. Multivariate regression was performed to determine the factors associated with increased number of fatalities during stampede events.Results: A total of 215 human stampede events were reported from 1980 to 2007, resulting in 7069 deaths and at least 14,078 injuries from 213 events with available fatality information and 179 events with injury information. In bivariate analysis, stampedes occurring in the Middle East, in developing countries, outdoors, or associated with religious events had the highest median number of deaths. In multivariate analysis, events that occurred in developing countries and outdoors were associated with increased number of fatalities. Stampedes that occurred in the context of sports, religious, music, and political events, or that had a unidirectional mechanism, also increased the relative number of deaths.Conclusions: Several epidemiological features of human stampedes associated with increased mortality are identified. Standardized collection of epidemiological data pertaining to human stampedes is strongly recommended, and further study of this recurrent, distinctive disaster is warranted. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:217–223)

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Ticărău, Adriana, Mihaela Adela Iancu, and Dumitru Matei. "Organizing the activity of the family doctor's office in the epidemiological context of the new coronavirus." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2020.2.7.

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Oliveira Roster, Kirstin I., Stephen M. Kissler, Enoma Omoregie, Jade C. Wang, Helly Amin, Steve Di Lonardo, Scott Hughes, and Yonatan H. Grad. "Surveillance strategies for the detection of new pathogen variants across epidemiological contexts." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 9 (September 5, 2024): e1012416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012416.

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Surveillance systems that monitor pathogen genome sequences are critical for rapidly detecting the introduction and emergence of pathogen variants. To evaluate how interactions between surveillance capacity, variant properties, and the epidemiological context influence the timeliness of pathogen variant detection, we developed a geographically explicit stochastic compartmental model to simulate the transmission of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant in New York City. We measured the impact of (1) testing and sequencing volume, (2) geographic targeting of testing, (3) the timing and location of variant emergence, and (4) the relative variant transmissibility on detection speed and on the undetected disease burden. Improvements in detection times and reduction of undetected infections were driven primarily by increases in the number of sequenced samples. The relative transmissibility of the new variant and the epidemic context of variant emergence also influenced detection times, showing that individual surveillance strategies can result in a wide range of detection outcomes, depending on the underlying dynamics of the circulating variants. These findings help contextualize the design, interpretation, and trade-offs of genomic surveillance strategies of pandemic respiratory pathogens.

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Segalés, Joaquim, and Marina Sibila. "Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Disease Diagnostic Criteria in the Current Porcine Circovirus 2 Epidemiological Context." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030110.

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Current knowledge on porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) includes the subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI), systemic (PCV-2-SD) and reproductive (PCV-2-RD) diseases, and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Criteria to establish the diagnosis of these conditions have not changed over the years; thus, the triad composed by clinical signs, lesions and viral detection in lesions are still the hallmark for PCV-2-SD and PCV-2-RD. In contrast, PCV-2-SI diagnosis is not usually performed since this condition is perceived to be controlled by default through vaccination. PDNS is diagnosed by gross and histopathological findings, and PCV-2 detection is not recognized as a diagnostic criterion. Molecular biology methods as a proxy for PCVD diagnoses have been extensively used in the last decade, although these techniques should be mainly considered as monitoring tools rather than diagnostic ones. What has changed over the years is the epidemiological picture of PCV-2 through the massive use of vaccination, which allowed the decrease in infectious pressure paralleled with a decrease in overall herd immunity. Consequently, the need for establishing the diagnosis of PCVD has increased lately, especially in cases with a PCV-2-SD-like condition despite vaccination. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to update the current knowledge on diagnostic criteria for PCVDs and to contextualize the interest of using molecular biology methods in the overall picture of these diseases within variable epidemiological scenarios of PCV-2 infection.

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Shultz, James M., Alyssa M. Cohen, Glenn W. Muschert, and Roberto Flores de Apodaca. "Fatal school shootings and the epidemiological context of firearm mortality in the United States." Disaster Health 1, no. 2 (April 2013): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/dish.26897.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Epidemiological context'

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