Relevant bibliographies by topics / Epidemiological context

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Epidemiological context'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 November 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Stang, Paul. "Epidemiological Context of Signalling." Drug Safety 30, no. 7 (2007): 611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200730070-00007.

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Henderson, A. S. "Alzheimer's disease in its epidemiological context." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 88, S149 (January 29, 2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04243.x.

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Dye, Christopher. "5. The epidemiological context of vector control." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, no. 2 (March 1994): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(94)90270-4.

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Yarmoshenko, Ilia, and Ivan Kirdin. "Problems in radon measurements in context of epidemiological studies." Archive of Oncology 12, no. 1 (2004): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo0401013y.

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Epidemiological case control study is considered to be primary instrument to investigate the relationship between population indoor radon exposure and risk of lung cancer. A number of such studies had been completed in last 15 years and others are running now. Considering indoor radon and progeny some specific efforts should be undertaken to assess the exposure. While the lungs exposure after inhalation arises mainly due to radon progeny, in the case of the radon gas measurements application the researchers have to address the disequilibrium between radon and radon progeny. It is widely accepted by researchers and approved by ICRP that worldwide average value of equilibrium factor is 0.4 though real equilibrium factor value can deviate significantly from average. Temporal variation of indoor radon concentration complicates the evaluation of exposure as well. Three types of variation can be emphasized: diurnal, seasonal and long time. Experimental and modeling investigation of radon entry shown that pattern of indoor radon temporal variation firmly depends on relationship between entry rates of primary radon sources (diffusive and advective) and influencing factors are construction characteristics, climatic condition and life style. To find appropriate parameters describing radon disequilibrium and temporal variation it is necessary to perform special investigation in the representative sample of houses.
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Vale, Pedro F., Alastair J. Wilson, Alex Best, Mike Boots, and Tom J. Little. "Epidemiological, Evolutionary, and Coevolutionary Implications of Context-Dependent Parasitism." American Naturalist 177, no. 4 (April 2011): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659002.

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Libin, Pieter, Ewout Vanden Eynden, Francesca Incardona, Ann Nowé, Antonia Bezenchek, Anders Sönnerborg, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Kristof Theys, and Guy Baele. "PhyloGeoTool: interactively exploring large phylogenies in an epidemiological context." Bioinformatics 33, no. 24 (August 26, 2017): 3993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx535.

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Bieli, C., R. Frei, V. Schickinger, J. Steinle, C. Bommer, S. Loeliger, C. Braun-Fahrländer, E. von Mutius, G. Pershagen, and R. Lauener. "Gene expression measurements in the context of epidemiological studies." Allergy 63, no. 12 (December 2008): 1633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01744.x.

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Kalinina, Natalia V., Muliat M. Tkhugo, Lyudmila P. Shipovskaya, Svetlana I. Matafonova, Tatyana L. Khudyakova, and Lyubov I. Kazakova. "Social network activity of students in conditions of an epidemiological threat." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 13, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i4.6262.

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The period of restrictions on social contacts introduced by the governments of different countries increased the time spent by users in social networks. The paper aims to analyze the Internet activity of students in social networks as a way of overcoming interaction difficulties in the context of an epidemiological threat. The research used the observation method and questionnaires to collect data for this research. The sample for the research consisted of 300 students between ages of 18 and 22, who were purposively sampled. Using content analysis and the statistical program for social sciences, the collected data were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was established that the Internet activity of students in social networks in the context of an epidemiological threat and globalization in general, determines the level of development and the content framework of a person's self-attitude. Keywords: activity; epidemiological threat; social network; manifestations of activity; self-attitude
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Chabbar, S., Y. Iddbaha, M. Benzakour, F. Z. Faouji, A. Mounir, and C. Elkettani EL Hamidi. "Epidemiological Profile of Diabetic Ketoacidosis." EAS Journal of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care 6, no. 05 (September 10, 2024): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjacc.2024.v06i05.004.

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Diabetic ketoacidosis is a real public health problem in our context with an incidence of 12.67%. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a therapeutic emergency that requires rigorous management, especially in the acute phase, while respecting the therapeutic particularities of each patient and taking care to detect the etiologies. The etiological research of ketoacidotic decompensation has enabled us to determine, as the main triggering factors, therapeutic non-compliance and then infections, predominated by urinary infections and pneumonia. Initial treatment is based on rehydration, insulin therapy and correction of electrolyte and acid-base disorders, of course, with rigorous and essential monitoring combating possible complications, particularly iatrogenic, represented in our context mainly by the hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, cerebral edema and acute renal failure. The analytical statistical study allowed us to conclude that death was essentially linked to complications occurring during the hospital stay, notably septic shock, cerebral involvement, renal failure and the use of mechanical ventilation.
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Udovichenko, S. K., A. V. Toporkov, I. G. Karnaukhov, V. A. Safronov, O. V. Kedrova, V. P. Toporkov, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Evaluation of External and Internal Threats to Sanitary-Epidemiological Welfare of the Population in the Context of Mass Sporting Events." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (June 20, 2013): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2013-2-26-32.

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Mass gatherings (MGs) always incur some kind of potential hazard associated with incipiency of emergency situations with sanitary-epidemiological bias (ES). Upcoming Universiade (World Student Games) in Kazan (July, 2013) raises an issue of implementation of a unified system of approaches to the effective provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population, taking due account of peculiarities and specific conditions under which the MG will be conducted. Therewith key objective of this study has been formulated as elaboration of the system based on epidemiological assessment of real and potential threats at the MG. Analyzed have been the data on 37 MGs carried out over the period of 25 years since 1987 up to 2012; investigated is epidemiological situation in 170 participating states. Worked out is a scheme of qualitative determination of potential epidemiological threat on the basis of comprehensive assessment of epidemiological risks in the endemic territories of the troubled regions. Distinguished is a complex of measures for the provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare when managing the Universiade in Kazan heedful of high potential epidemiological hazard of this event.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Belesova, K. "Crop yields, child nutrition and health in rural Burkina Faso in the context of weather variability : an epidemiological study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4649040/.

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Background: Undernutrition may become the most significant impact of climate change on child health, especially in subsistence farming populations, because of adverse effects of changes in weather patterns on crop yields and consequent undernutrition-related morbidity and mortality. However, empirical evidence is limited. Aim: To examine crop yield variation as a risk factor for child undernutrition and mortality in the context of weather variability in a subsistence farming population of rural Burkina Faso. Methods: Epidemiological analyses in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System of: (1) the association of child Middle-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) with crop harvest and annual yield variation, and (2) associations of child survival with annual crop yield variation and with MUAC. Analysis of observed weather–crop yield associations was used to predict future yields and child mortality attributable to annual yield reductions using daily weather data from global climate models that assume 1.5°C global warming by 2100. Results: There was evidence that lower household crop harvests are associated with reduced MUAC, and annual yield reductions with both smaller MUAC and poorer child survival (hazard ratio for mortality of 1.11 (95% CI 1.02, 1.20) for a 90th–10th centile decrease in yield). Burden estimates suggest that low crop yields account for 7 child deaths per year in a population of 100,000 people of all ages under the current weather conditions, and a larger burden under trajectories consistent with 1.5°C global warming by 2100. Conclusion: I found evidence of crop yield variation as a risk factor for child undernutrition and mortality in a subsistence farming population of rural Burkina Faso. The impact of such variation is likely to be exacerbated under climate change. This evidence strengthens the case for protection of child nutrition and health by addressing crop yield deficits in the context of weather and climate variability.
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Charters, Kathleen Anne. "Putting health behaviour theory into context and context into health behaviour theory. : COVID-19 through the health psychology looking glass." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0042.

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La pandémie de COVID-19 a mis en évidence l'importance des comportements de prévention pour réduire la propagation de la maladie et le fardeau sanitaire associé. Comprendre les déterminants psychologiques qui motivent l'engagement comportemental est donc essentiel dans un contexte épidémique. Au début de la pandémie, relativement peu de recherches portaient sur la dynamique de la réponse comportementale humaine face à cette menace épidémique en constante évolution. Cette recherche a cherché à combler cette lacune dans la littérature, d'abord en examinant les théories psychosociales des comportements de prévention existantes dans le contexte de la pandémie, et ensuite en élargissant cette base théorique pour tenir compte des effets de la situation épidémique, mettant ainsi les comportements de prévention en contexte et intégrant le contexte dans la théorie des comportements de prévention. La première partie de la recherche doctorale porte sur deux problématiques relatives aux comportements de santé qui préoccupaient les chercheurs et les autorités sanitaires : l'optimisme irréaliste et la compensation du risque. Les résultats de la première étude transversale répétée (N=12378), menée avant, au début et au pic de la première vague épidémique (février–avril 2020) en France, en Italie, au Royaume-Uni et en Suisse, ont indiqué que les participants de ces quatre pays devenaient de plus en plus optimistes de manière irréaliste avec le temps et que cette tendance était associée à un désengagement comportemental. Les résultats de la deuxième étude (N=14003) menée au cours des huit premiers mois du campagne vaccinale en France (février–septembre 2021) suggèrent l’existence d’une faible compensation du risque observable vers la fin de la campagne, en particulier s’agissant de l'évitement des rassemblements sociaux, parmi les participants présentant un schéma vaccinale complet. Puisque les résultats de ces premières études indiquaient que le contexte épidémique influençait la perception du risque et l'adhésion aux mesures de contrôle, nous avons cherché à caractériser dans la deuxième partie de la thèse l'effet du contexte épidémiologique sur les déterminants sociocognitifs des comportements de prévention, comblant ainsi une lacune dans la recherche dans ce domaine. Dix-sept enquêtes bimensuelles ont été menées sur neuf mois (mars–novembre 2020, N=34016).Une analyse de regression multiniveaux a révélé une association entre le contexte épidémiologique et les comportements de prévention, le temps modérant toutefois l'effet de l'incidence sur le comportement. Ensuite, une analyse plus approfondie des pistes causales a indiqué que l'effet du contexte épidémiologique sur le comportement n’était que partiellement médié par des variables sociocognitives. Étonnamment, à l'exception des normes sociales perçues, les variables de cognition sociale traditionnellement considérées comme déterminant de la réponse comportementale, ont peu contribué à la médiation de la relation entre le contexte épidémiologique et le comportement. Les implications pour la théorie, de futures recherches, ainsi que la pratique et la politique en matière de santé publique, sont discutées. Les résultats de cette recherche soulignent la nécessité de renforcer la théorie, tout en l'examinant, en la testant et en l'élargissant dans des contextes divers et variés. À travers l’élargissement de la théorie existante à une épidémie d'une maladie infectieuse émergente, la COVID-19, cette recherche explore les différents facteurs d'influence et les mécanismes causaux potentiellement impliqués dans le processus psychologique complexe et dynamique d'évaluation du risque et l'engagement comportemental qui en résulte. En plaçant la théorie dans son contexte et le contexte dans la théorie, cette recherche doctorale cherche à faire progresser la théorie, apportant ainsi une contribution significative au domaine de la recherche sur les comportements de prévention en matière de santé
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of health protective behaviours in reducing disease spread and subsequent health burden. Understanding the psychological determinants motivating behavioural engagement is therefore critical in an epidemic and pandemic setting. At the time of the pandemic outbreak, relatively little research attention had focused on the dynamics of human behavioural response to an unfolding, constantly evolving epidemic threat. This doctoral research therefore sought to address this gap in the literature firstly by investigating existing theory in the COVID-19 context, and secondly by expanding upon existing theory to account for the epidemic setting, thereby putting health behaviour theory into context and context into health behaviour theory. To this end, the first part of the doctoral research investigated two health behaviour issues of concern to researchers and health authorities: unrealistic optimism and risk compensation. Findings from the first repeated cross-sectional study (N=12,378), conducted at pre-, early and peak first-wave epidemic stages (February–April 2020) in France, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, indicated that people across all four countries became increasingly unrealistically optimistic over time and that this was associated with behavioural disengagement. Results of the second study (N=14,003) during the initial eight months of the vaccine rollout in France (February–September 2021), suggested risk compensation occurred towards the end of the vaccine rollout, particularly towards avoidance of social gatherings among those with a completed vaccination schedule.As results from these initial studies suggested that the epidemic setting influenced risk appraisal and adherence to mitigation measures, and addressing a gap in the literature due to the paucity of research in this area, the second part of the doctoral study explored the effect of the epidemiological context on behaviour and the social cognitive pathways involved. Seventeen bi-monthly surveys were conducted over nine months (March–November 2020, N=34,016). Multilevel analysis revealed that there was an association between the epidemiological context and protective behaviour, with time serving to moderate the effect of incidence on behaviour. Further pathway analysis indicated that the effect of the epidemiological context on behaviour was only partially mediated by social cognitive variables. Surprisingly, with the exception of perceived social norms, which made the greatest mediational contribution, social cognitions commonly and repeatedly found to predict behavioural response contrastingly contributed little to mediating the epidemiological context–behaviour relationship. Implications for theory, future research, public health policy and practice are discussed. Above all, these research findings highlight the need to nurture theory by examining, testing and expanding upon it in different contexts. Through its extension of extant theory to an epidemic of an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19, the current investigation explored the underlying layers of influence and possible causal mechanisms involved in the complex and dynamic psychological process of risk appraisal and behavioural engagement. By putting theory into context and context into theory, this doctoral research sought to nourish and advance theory, thereby making a significant contribution to the field of health behaviour research
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Griep, Rubens. "Subnotificação das doenças de notificação compulsória no contexto hospitalar." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/84750.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.
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Pesquisa que aborda a questão das subnotificações das doenças de notificação compulsória no contexto hospitalar e suas interfaces com o Sistema de Informação em Saúde desenvolvido e implementado a partir da institucionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no Brasil em 1990. Procura identificar, através da análise histórica os principais elementos que fundamentaram a epidemiologia enquanto ciência, abordando aspectos desta como base para o desenvolvimento das ações de vigilância epidemiológica das doenças transmissíveis no país, em específico, nas Instituições Hospitalares do município de Cascavel - Paraná. O foco de estudo recai sobre a seguinte questão: quais os fatores que contribuem e/ou determinam falhas no processo de notificação das doenças de notificação compulsória dentro do contexto hospitalar? Os resultados obtidos através da aplicação de um questionário aos responsáveis pelo Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH), demonstram a falta de preparo e conhecimento técnico destes e da equipe multiprofissional em relação a dinâmica e funcionamento do Serviço de Vigilância Epidemiológica e do Sistema de Informação em Saúde. Aponta para falhas decorrentes da influência exercida pelo caráter público e/ou privado das instituição e considera a possibilidade de falta de compromisso e responsabilidade de toda a equipe multiprofissional na manutenção do fluxo estabelecido pelo Sistema de Informação em Saúde. Apresentamos como proposta a adoção de ações educativas de forma contínua, através da implantação de um curso de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Epidemiológica na modalidade de Ensino a Distância, objetivando o desenvolvimento de novas possibilidades para o processo ensino-aprendizagem, caracterizadas pela busca contínua de novos conhecimentos e pelo foco no aluno. A implantação de um Programa Permanente de Capacitação a nível local e municipal vem complementar a necessidade de formação e atualização, bem como oportunizar a discussão de casos e dados da realidade com o objetivo de adotar medidas conjuntas para o enfrentamento das situações epidemiológicas apresentadas. This research approaches the question of sub notifications for compulsory notification diseases in the hospital context and its interfaces with the Health Information System developed and implemented from the institutionalization of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) in Brazil, in 1990. Through a historical analysis, it tries to identify the main elements that served as basis for the epidemiology while being science, approaching its aspects as the basis for the development of epidemiological monitoring actions for contagious diseases in the country, specifically in the Hospital Institutions for the City of Cascavel - Paraná. The study focuses the following question: What are the factors that contribute and/or determine failures in the notification process of compulsory notification diseases in the hospital context? The results, which were obtained through a questionnaire presented to the personnel responsible for the Hospital Infection Control Service (Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar -SCIH), show their lack of preparedness and technical knowledge, as well as the lack of preparedness and technical knowledge of the multi-professional team in relation to the dynamics and workings of the Epidemiology Monitoring Service and the Health Information System. It also points out the failures due to the influence exerted by public and/or private institutions, and considers the possibility of commitment and responsibility failures of all the multi-professional team in maintaining the flow established by the Health Information System. As a proposal, we present the adoption of continuous educational actions, by the implementation of an Epidemiological Monitoring Post-Graduate course through Long-Distance Teaching, aiming to develop new possibilities for the teaching-learning process, characterized by the continuous quest for new knowledge and by the focus on the student. The implementation of a local and municipal Capacitating Permanent Program will complement the necessity of graduation and updating, as well as give the opportunity for real case and data discussions aiming to adopt conjunct measures to cope with the presented epidemiological situations.
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Dinis, Fátima Alexandra Ferreira. "Epidemiologia da Tuberculose em Portugal no Contexto Europeu." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/52211.

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Dinis, Fátima Alexandra Ferreira. "Epidemiologia da Tuberculose em Portugal no Contexto Europeu." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/52211.

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Santos, Debora França dos. "Apoio social e índice de massa corporal: um estudo de base populacional." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6033.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A obesidade é uma condição de saúde que representa risco para uma série de mudanças fisiológicas e sociais ao indivíduo. O aumento de sua prevalência tanto no mundo quanto na população brasileira é considerado como um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. A obesidade é associada com múltiplos fatores, como biológicos, individuais, ambientais e sociais, e a importância dos fatores sociais vêm sendo largamente discutida. O apoio social, que possui como uma de suas definições, a percepção de recursos disponibilizados por outros indivíduos no auxílio ao enfrentamento de situações adversas é um dos fatores sociais associados com obesidade e outros desfechos de saúde. Este constructo é um fator amplamente documentado que vem se mostrando ligado a vários desfechos de saúde nos últimos trinta anos, no entanto, existe uma lacuna sobre sua relação com o índice de massa corporal. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo estudar avaliar a associação entre as dimensões de apoio social e o IMC em indivíduos residentes no município de Duque de Caxias. A variável desfecho foi o IMC e as variáveis independentes, as quatro dimensões do apoio social (afetiva, material, emocional/informação e de interação social positiva). O estudo foi composto por uma amostra de 1465 indivíduos, entre 20 e 59 anos de idade, oriundos de uma pesquisa transversal de base populacional, chamada Grupo de Pesquisas sobre Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em Duque de Caxias SANDUC. O IMC foi calculado a partir das aferições de peso e altura realizadas por entrevistadores treinados. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar o apoio social foi elaborado para o Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), tendo sido previamente adaptado para o português e validado para a população brasileira. O modelo estatístico utilizado foi a regressão linear múltipla e as análises foram realizadas através do programa SAS versão 9.3, levando em conta o fator de ponderação e o desenho de amostra complexa. Pouco mais da metade dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino (54,94%) e a prevalência de obesidade em torno de 27,1% entre as mulheres (IC 95%: 22.4 31.8) e 16,0% (IC 95%: 12.4 19.7) entre os homens. Com relação ao apoio social, a média dos escores das dimensões situou-se entre 84 e 90 pontos, para as mulheres e para os homens, respectivamente. Entre os homens não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre as dimensões do apoio social e o IMC (apoio afetivo: β= -0.81 e p=0.16; apoio material: β= 0.20 e p=0.72; apoio emocional/informação: β= -0.29 e p=0.61; apoio de interação social positiva: β= -0.23 e p=0.72). Porém, entre as mulheres, tanto o apoio afetivo quanto o apoio de interação social positiva mostraram associação negativa com o IMC (apoio afetivo: β= -1.02 e p=0.04; apoio de interação social positiva: β= -1.18 e p=0.01). O presente estudo sugere que, entre as mulheres, ocorre associação inversa entre o apoio social, especificamente o apoio afetivo e o de interação social positiva, e o índice de massa corporal.
Obesity is a health condition that represents a risk to a wide range of physiological and social changes on individuals life. The increase in the prevalence of obesity both in world and in Brazilian population is considered one of the major public health problems. Obesity is associated with multiple factors, such as biological, individual, environmental and social and the importance of the socials factors has been widely discussed. Social support, which has as one of its definitions, the perception of available resources provided by others individuals to face adverse situations is one of the social factors associated with obesity and other health outcomes. This concept is a well-documented factor linked to many health outcomes over the past thirty years, nevertheless, there is a gap about its relation with body mass index (BMI). Within this context, the present study has the aim to assess an association between social support dimensions and BMI in individuals resident in the city of Duque de Caxias. Our hypothesis is that lower levels of social support are linked to highest BMI. The main outcome was BMI and the predictors were the four dimensions of social support (affective, material, emotional/information and positive interaction). This study was based on a sample of 1465 adults, from 20 to 59 years old, from a cross-sectional population-based survey called Grupo de Pesquisas sobre Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em Duque de Caxias SANDUC. BMI was calculated from the measurements of height and weight taken by trained interviewers. The instrument used to assess social support has been developed for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), having been previously adapted to the Portuguese and validated for the Brazilians. The statistical model used was multiple linear regression and the statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.3 for survey data and took into account the weighting factor and complex sampling design. About half of the subjects were female (54.94%) and the prevalence of obesity was 27% (CI 95%: 22.4 31.8) among women and 16,0% (CI 95%: 12.4 19.7) among men. In relation to social support, the mean of the scores of the dimensions stood at 84 and 90 points, for women and for men, respectively. Among men there was no association statistically significant between the dimensions of social support and BMI (affective support: β= -0.81 and p=0.16; material support: β= 0.20 and p=0.72; emotional/information support: β= -0.29 and p=0.61; positive interaction support: β= -0.23 and p=0.72). Although, among women, both affective support and support positive interaction were negatively associated with BMI (affective support: β= -1.02 and p=0.04; positive interaction support: β= -1.18 and p=0.01). The present study suggests that among women occurs inverse association between social support, specifically affective support and positive interaction support, and the BMI.
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Josefson, Anna. "Nickel allergy and hand eczema : epidemiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11855.

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Nickel allergy is the most prevalent contact allergy and has been discussed as a possible riskfactor for hand eczema. However, hand eczema is one of the most frequently occurring skindiseases and has multifactorial origin. The aim of this thesis was to study the association between nickel allergy and hand eczema in the general population. There are only a fewpopulation-based studies previously published, that include patch testing. In addition, this thesis aimed to evaluate methods to follow the prevalence of nickel allergy.The study cohort consisted of 908 women who had been patch tested for the occurrence of nickel allergy as schoolgirls. Twenty years later, they were invited to participate in a follow-up questionnaire study. The response rate was 81%. In total, 17.6% of respondents reported handeczema after the age of 15 years and there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hand eczema between those who were nickel-positive and those who were nickel negativeas schoolgirls. To further investigate possible links, another study was performed,which included a second questionnaire, a clinical investigation and patch testing. All schoolgirls from the baseline study who were still living in the area as adults were invited to participate and the participation rate was 77%. Patch test showed 30.1% nickel-positive individuals.When all participants were included in the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between nickel-positive and nickel-negative women regarding occurrence of hand eczema. The most important risk factor for hand eczema was childhood eczema. Adjusted prevalence proportion ratio (PPR) for hand eczema after age 15 in relation to nickel patch testresults was 1.03 (95% CI 0.71--1.50) and in relation to childhood eczema 3.68 (95% CI 2.45--5.54). When women with and without history of childhood eczema were analyzed separately, the hand eczema risk was doubled in nickel-positive women without history of childhood eczema. In conclusion, the risk of hand eczema in nickel-positive women may previously havebeen overestimated. Next, the validity of self-reported nickel allergy was investigated. In the established cohort; two questions regarding nickel allergy were compared with patch test results. The validity of self-reported nickel allergy was low, and the questions regarding nickel allergy overestimated the true prevalence of nickel allergy. The positive predictive values were 59% and 60%. Another method for estimating the prevalence of nickel allergy, namely self-patch testing, was validated in the last study. In total, 191 patients from three different dermatology departments participated. The validity of self-testing for nickel allergy was adequate, with sensitivity 72%and proportion of agreement 86%.
Nickelallergi är vanligt förekommande. Prevalensen i Skandinavien är 15--25% hos kvinnor och cirka 3% hos män. Sambandet mellan nickelallergi och uppkomst av handeksem har tidigare diskuterats och i vissa studier anges att 30--45% av alla individer med nickelallergi får handeksem. Det finns dock endast ett fåtal publicerade studier där personer ur normalbefolkningen har lapptestats för nickel. Handeksem ärvanligt och har ofta flera olika kombinerade orsaker. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att studera nickelallergins betydelse för uppkomst av handeksem. Detfinns ett intresse av att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi över tid, speciellt sedan det i början av 2000-talet infördes ett EU-direktiv som begränsar nickelinnehåll i klockor,smycken, metallknappar etc. Ytterligare ett syfte med avhandlingen var att utvärderaepidemiologiska metoder för att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi.Den första studien var en uppföljningsstudie av 908 flickor ur normalbefolkningen,vilka i skolåldern lapptestats med nickel. Tjugo år senare skickades en enkät till dessa kvinnor, svarsfrekvensen var hög (81%). Förekomsten av självrapporterat handeksemefter 15 års ålder var 17.6%. Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst avhandeksem mellan de kvinnor som var nickelallergiska som barn jämfört med dem som inte var nickelallergiska. År 2006 utfördes ytterligare en studie, som inkluderade de kvinnor som fortfarande bodde i Örebro län. Studien omfattade en klinisk undersökning av händerna samt ett lapptest. 30% av kvinnorna var positiva för nickel.Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst av handeksem mellan de som var positiva för nickel och de som var negativa. Vid separat analys av de kvinnor som angav tidigare barneksem jämfört med dem som aldrig hade haft barneksem visade det sig att risken för handeksem var dubbelt så stor hos nickelallergiker i den gruppen som aldrig hade haft barneksem. Båda studierna visade att barneksem var den största riskfaktorn för att få handeksem som vuxen, med en 3-4 gånger ökad risk. Den tredje studien var en validering av självrapporterad nickelallergi. Överensstämmelsen var låg mellan enkätfrågor gällande nickelallergi och lapptestverifierad nickelallergi. Av dem som själva bedömde sig vara nickelallergiska var endast 59% positiva enligt lapptest. För att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi i befolkningen behövs därför andra metoder. I den fjärde studien utvärderades ett självtest för nickelallergi. 191 patienter från tre olika hudkliniker i Sverige deltog i studien. Validiteten för metoden självtest var tillfredsställande, sensitiviteten var 72%och graden av överensstämmelse var 86%.
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Schelling, Esther. "Epidemiological study of Newcastle disease in backyard poultry and wild bird populations in Switzerland /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Sadowski, Czesław (1942 ). "Epidemiologia i zwalczanie mączniaka rzekomego kapustnych ( Peronospora parasitica / Pers. ex Fr./ Fr.) na rzepaku ozimym." Rozprawa habilitacyjna, Wydaw. Uczelniane Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej, 1989. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/512.

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Heynold, Yael Manuela. "Clinical, epidemiological and treatement results of idiopathic epilepsy in 54 labrador retrievers : a long term study /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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Books on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Berezina, Natal'ya, Mihail Cherkashin, and Nikita Berezin. Rational use of personal protective equipment in medical organizations in an unfavorable epidemiological situation ... ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1215689.

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The training manual discusses the organization of the use of personal protective equipment in the context of a new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. It is intended for health care organizers, doctors of all specialties, and other medical professionals who provide care to patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection.
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Päivikki, Susitaival, ed. Tuohilampi questionnaire for epidemiological studies of contact dermatitis and atopy. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1996.

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Riglietta, Marco. Perspectives in alcohol and drug consumption in Europe: Social and epidemiological outlooks of three European contexts. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2010.

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1946-, Chakraborty Ranajit, and Szathmary Emöke J. E, eds. Diseases of complex etiology in small populations: Ethnic differences and research approaches : proceedings of a Symposium on Genetic Epidemiology in an Anthropological Context, held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, August 18 and 19, 1983. New York: Liss, 1985.

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Center for Research on Gender and Sexuality (San Francisco State University) and University of California, San Francisco. Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, eds. Risk across borders: Sexual contexts and HIV prevention challenges among Mexican gay and bisexual immigrant men : findings and recommendations from the Trayectos Study = Fronteras de riesgo : contextos sexuales y retos para la prevencion del VIH entre inmigrantes Mexicanos gays y bisexuales : hallazgos y recomendaciones del Estudio Trayectos. [San Francisco, CA.]: [University of California, San Francisco, Center for AIDS Prevention], 2008.

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M, Hardy Leslie, and Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Prenatal and Newborn Screening for HIV Infection., eds. HIV screening of pregnant women and newborns. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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Chen, Yuying, and Yue Cao. Epidemiological Context and Concerns. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733989.013.0005.

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Bhopal, Raj S. The epidemiological concept of population. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739685.003.0002.

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Epidemiology is a population science in several senses. First, it studies populations’ disease patterns, which are hugely influenced by the interaction of individuals living in communities. Secondly, it depends heavily upon demographic population data to achieve its goals. Thirdly, its findings are drawn from, and applied to, groups (or populations) of people. One critical yet that the causes of disease in individuals is not synonymous with the causes of disease in populations. This has implications for epidemiology and its application to public health. Populations are dynamic, changing in age structure, ethnic composition, and behaviours. Epidemiology needs to work within the context of demographic and epidemiological transitions as societies change. One prime purpose of epidemiology is applying findings in health promotion, health care, and health policy to improve the health of populations. The focus on population in epidemiology distinguishes it from other medical sciences.
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N'Guessan, Nicaise Aya. Community-Based Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil- Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Epidemiological Context of a Large Dam in Cote D'ivoire. INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2013.

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Proceedings of the Workshop: Methodology of Assessment of Occupational Exposures in the Context of Epidemiological Detection of Cancer Risks (Medicine). European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Doblhammer, Gabriele. "The Demographic and Epidemiological Context." In Demographic Research Monographs, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10349-4_1.

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Bhattacharya, Debleena, and V. K. Singh. "Climatic Change in Context with Health." In Climate Changes and Epidemiological Hotspots, 27–35. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003120629-4.

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McIvor, Claire. "The Use of Epidemiological Evidence in UK Tort Law." In Forensic Epidemiology in the Global Context, 55–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6738-0_3.

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Loue, Sana. "Epidemiological Causation in the Legal Context: Substance and Procedures." In Statistical Science in the Courtroom, 263–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1216-4_13.

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Egger, Clara, and Raul Magni-Berton. "Compulsory Medical Examinations and “Green Pass”." In International Series on Public Policy, 265–78. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52096-9_15.

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AbstractTo manage the COVID-19 pandemic, European governments have combined restrictive measures with a close monitoring of the epidemiological situation. The most stringent measures—such as the imposition of lockdowns, curfews and the closure of national borders—have always been justified by epidemiological indicators, in particular the evolution of COVID-19 cases and deaths. At the same time, the relaxing of containment measures has often come with the requirement to undergo compulsory medical examinations. This chapter discusses two types of medical procedures: compulsory testing policies predating the mass roll out of COVID-19 vaccines and COVID-19 passes. We show that, compared to other types of policies, the modalities of the pass were similar in the 26 European countries surveyed. Yet, its role and the epidemiological context in which it was implemented varied. Some countries introduced it when infections or deaths were increasing, while others did so during more stable periods. The vaccination rate following the introduction of the pass also varied. In countries with high vaccination rates but low confidence in vaccines, the impact of the pass was almost nil; conversely, it was high in countries with high confidence but low vaccination rates. Overall, we show the effectiveness of the COVID-19 pass to be context-dependent and preventing a blanket use in diverse countries.
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Belladelli, Federico, Edoardo Pozzi, Giuseppe Fallara, Paolo Capogrosso, and Andrea Salonia. "Orgasm and Ejaculation Disorders." In Practical Clinical Andrology, 75–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11701-5_7.

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AbstractDisorders of ejaculations are among the most complex complaints of patients seeking first medical help for sexual dysfunction. Among these, premature ejaculation (PE), delayed ejaculation (DE), retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia are the most frequently reported, and their impact on patients’ quality of life can be major. Although numerous preclinical and clinical studies have been published over the last two decades, the true pathophysiological mechanisms behind ejaculation remain unclear. In this context, this chapter aims at providing the latest evidence regarding ejaculation physiology together with detailed epidemiological data, diagnostic work-up, and treatment options upon PE, DE, retrograde ejaculation, and anorgasmia.
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Anumba, Dilly OC. "Pregnancy Dating Guidance." In Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment, 25–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5_4.

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AbstractAccurate estimation of pregnancy duration is crucially important for the definition of term and preterm birth and informs care provision throughout pregnancy. However, this remains a challenge in many resource-limited context largely because the reliability of recall of the last menstrual period is low, and access to early ultrasound to measure foetal crown-rump length and other foetal biometry is highly limited. This chapter outlines a practical simplified approach to estimating pregnancy duration early following engagement with ANC. This forms the basis of subsequent care provision to correctly identify preterm labour/birth, improve epidemiological data on preterm low birth weight incidence, and enable proper triaging of care and its provision.
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Pignocchino, Gianmarco, Alessandro Pezzoli, and Angelo Besana. "Satellite Data and Epidemic Cartography: A Study of the Relationship Between the Concentration of NO2 and the COVID-19 Epidemic." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_5.

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AbstractSatellite data are widely used to study the spatial component of epidemics: to monitor their evolution, to create epidemiological risk maps and predictive models. The improvement of data quality, not only in technical terms but also of scientific relevance and robustness, represents in this context one of the most important aspects for health information technology that can make further significant and useful progress in monitoring and managing epidemics. In this regard, this paper intends to address an issue that is not always adequately considered in the use of satellite data for the creation of maps and spatial models of epidemics, namely the preliminary verification of the level of spatial correlation between remote sensing environmental variables and epidemics. Specifically, we intend to evaluate the contribution of exposure to the pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the spatial spread of the virus and the severity of the current COVID infection.
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Deaconu, Stefan-Marius, and Roland Olah. "Measuring Students’ Perception of COVID-19 Impact on Higher Education Through the National Student Survey in Romania." In Higher Education in Romania: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing Opportunities, 141–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94496-4_8.

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AbstractThe article presents the first National Student Survey (NSS-RO) results. The questionnaire was opened to all Romanian students between November 2020 and January 2021 and involved 23,796 respondents from 76 higher education institutions. Initially designed to be a tool to improve the quality of higher education, given the epidemiological context created with the Covid-19 pandemic, it expanded with one section to measure students’ perception of its impact on higher education. This work intends to establish a correlation between student dropout intention during the Covid-19 pandemic and the direct support received from higher education institutions regarding material resources, such as tablets, laptops, or other similar tools. Secondly, it analyses the students’ perception of the transition into emergency remote education. We measured in this sense their opinion on how easily they accessed mainly online educational resources, the information received, and the teachers’ performance during classes. These results provide one of the first steps towards understanding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Romanian higher education system. The massive interference provoked a giant leap in digitalisation and significantly changed how universities apply Student-Centred Learning (SCL) practices. Also, this study contributes to the area of national student surveys.
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Halkitis, Perry N. "Methamphetamine: Sociohistorical contexts and epidemiological patterns." In Methamphetamine addiction: Biological foundations, psychological factors, and social consequences., 3–24. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11883-001.

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Conference papers on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Stefanov, Radkov Rosen, Vankova Desislava Ivanova, Radkova Zhaneta Grigorova, and Petkova Yulka Petkova. "E-learning in the COVID-19 context - epidemiological and educational challenges." In 2020 International Conference Automatics and Informatics (ICAI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icai50593.2020.9311307.

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Gimishyan, Liliana S. "The Anti-Epidemiological Legislation Of Russia In The 19Th Century." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «State and Law in the Context of Modern Challenges. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.01.37.

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Ma, Dui-Xia, and William Zhu. "A matroidal structure for formal context and its applications on epidemiological study." In 2015 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2015.7340904.

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Waraxe, I. "Organization of school educational process in the context of a complex epidemiological situation." In Pedagogical comparative studies and international education – 2020: a globalized space of innovation. NAES of Ukraine; Institute of Pedagogy of the NAES of Ukraine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32405/978-966-97763-9-6-2020-56-58.

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Naron, Steven, and Segev Wasserkrug. "Utilizing model characteristics to obtain efficient parallelization in the context of agent based epidemiological models." In 2007 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2007.4419772.

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Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, and Gabriella Ferreira Hautequestt. "Conservative treatment of rachimedular trauma: a state epidemiological analysis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.118.

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Background: Spinal cord injury is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is highly relevant in the context of neurological emergencies. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of conservative treatment procedures for spinal trauma performed in the State of São Paulo and to correlate the current epidemiology with the results obtained. Methods: Literature review and observational, descriptive and transversal data collect on treatment for spinal trauma, available at DATASUS from January 2008 to December 2020 and articles available in Scielo, Lilacs and PubMed. Results: There were 11,402 hospitalizations for the performance of conservative treatment procedures for spinal trauma with a total expenditure of R$ 13,422,685.10, with 2013 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,031) and the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 1,216. 410.34). 234 procedures were performed on an elective basis and 8,129 on an urgent basis, with 2,921 occurring in the public sector and 4,215 in the private sector. All 11,402 considered highly complex. The total mortality rate was 4.99 (569 deaths), with 2017 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 5.95, while 2011 had the lowest rate, 3.51. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 6.84 compared to 5.19 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 5.31 compared to 4.34 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 8.8 days, with an average cost of R$ 1,177.22. Conclusion: The conservative treatment of spinal trauma presents a predominance of emergency care, with a low average cost of hospitalization.
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Karpova, O. A., V. A. Semenikhin, and B. A. Balandovich. "HYGIENIC INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION FACTORS ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DERMATOSES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT WORKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-241-245.

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Abstract: Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to look for new approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in the working population. Study objective. To study the hygienic influence of harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment and the severity of the labor process on the structure of the general dermatological morbidity in railway transport workers who ensure the safety of train traffic in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods. The complex of harmful production factors affecting railway transport workers was studied according to the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of the working conditions of employees of the Altai region of the West Siberian Railway of JSC "Russian Railways". The structure of the general dermatological morbidity was studied according to the statistical coupons of outpatient patients who applied to a dermatovenerologist in the CHUZ " CB "Russian Railways-Medicine" Barnaul for the period 2019-2020. Results. The conducted complex of hygienic, epidemiological and statistical studies showed that the combined impact of chemical, meteorological, physical, biological harmful production factors and the severity of the labor process (class 3.1-3.5) in railway transport workers who ensure the safety of train traffic leads to the development of such production-related skin diseases as contact dermatitis and psoriasis. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, skin infections (62.8%) predominate over non-infectious dermatoses in the structure of the total dermatological morbidity. The share of primary morbidity increased to 90.8%. The first rank is occupied by pyoderma (47.5%), the second – allergodermatoses (20.0%), the third – mycoses (11.6%). Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic leads to changes in the epidemiological and clinical features of dermatoses in the working population, which must be taken into account in their prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Boldyrev, N. D., N. P. Kolosova, A. V. Danilenko, S. V. Svyatchenko, G. S. Onkhonova, M. E. Starchevskaya, V. Yu Marchenko, and A. B. Ryzhikov. "GENETICAL ANALYSIS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS AND SARS-COV-2 FROM COINFECTION CASES IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SEASON 2022–2023." In OpenBio-2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-233.

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In the pandemic context of a novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, after a year break, the seasonal circulation of influenza continues. With such cocirculation, there is a risk of a mixed infection, which can lead to a more severe course of the disease. Monitoring of respiratory infections in the epidemic season 2022-2023 showed the presence of mixed influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 infection cases. Most specimens were received from people at risk group. Among detected cases of coinfection, a higher incidence of cases with a fatal outcome was detected than among detected cases of influenza and COVID-19 separately. Cases of coinfection require special attention in epidemiological monitoring, diagnosis and treatment. Identified cases of coinfection are associated with higher severity and mortality than cases of influenza and COVID19 separately. Such cases require special attention in epidemiological monitoring, diagnosis and treatment.
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Innocencio, Giovanna de Camargo, Paulo Roberto Hernandes Júnior, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Juliana de Souza Rosa, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Epidemiological analysis, risk factors and therapeutic plan for post-stroke depression." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.176.

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Background: the stroke is defined by the OMS as the rapid development of neurological symptoms and/or focal signs that last for more than 24 hours, resulting from the sudden change in blood flow to the region. Major depressive disorder is one of the main complications that exist after a stroke. Objectives to correlate the occurrence of depression and stroke, to analyze the risk factors and the best therapeutic approach for the condition. Methods: a literature review was carried out from the Scielo and PubMed database, using as descriptors “Stroke”, “Depression” and “Post-stroke depression”, where 13 articles between 2003 and 2018 were selected. Results: the major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric complication after strokes. A meta-analysis identified a cumulative incidence of depression from 29% to 52% in the first five years after stroke, although several studies have shown that post-stroke depression is diagnosed in only 10% of cases. When not diagnosed or treated, it is associated with a reduction in the patient’s active participation in the rehabilitation process, a decrease in quality of life and an increase in mortality. Risk factors include previous functional and cognitive impairment, history of depressive disorder, sex, age, previous stroke, hypercortisolemia, poor social support network, neuroanatomical characteristics of the stroke and high serum levels of IL-6. The pharmacological management can be carried out prophylactically or therapeutically, with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most indicated and tricyclic antidepressants as an alternative. Conclusion: the frequency of depressive disorder after stroke is relatively high and characterized as a predictor of poor prognosis. The importance of attention to the multifactorial context in which depression arises and the early treatment of psychiatric comorbidities in post-stroke individuals should be reinforced, since this strategy may reflect on better quality of life and reduction in morbidity and mortality rates that occur after the condition.
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Bondarenko, Yulia, Tatyana Azarnova, and Tatyana Nedikova. "Models and Algorithms to Support the Coordination of Socio-Economic Indicators of Regional Development in the Context of Epidemiological Restrictions." In 2023 Applied Mathematics, Computational Science and Mechanics: Current Problems (AMCSM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/amcsm59829.2023.10525921.

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Reports on the topic "Epidemiological context"

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Cifuentes, Luis A. Economic Valuation Applied to Air Quality and Pollution Management: Examples of Experiences, Political Implications and Application in a Regional Context. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006679.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Environment Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the III Hemispheric Meeting celebrated on March 9th and 10th, 2004. Objective: Economic valuation of the Third Program of Air Quality 2000-2010 (PROAIRE). Focused on health benefits associated to reductions of PM10 and Ozone: 4 scenarios against a baseline 1995-99, but considers also social effects of environmental contingencies. Time Horizon: 2000-2010, results shown for 2010 Uses local and international studies to estimate the change in health effects (Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in México City). Uses one US Study to estimate the long-term exposure effects on premature mortality. Uses unit values derived in the US and transferred to México, and Human Capital to value mortality reductions Performed by the Environmental Studies Institute (IVM, The Netherlands) and The National Center for Environmental Health (CENSA) supported by many other institutions.
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КЛЕАНДРОВ, Михаил Иванович. О ПРАВОВОМ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИИ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В СФЕРЕ "ЗЕЛЕНОЙ" ЭКОНОМИКИ ПРИ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ПАНДЕМИИ 2020 Г. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2021-02888.

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The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of public relations in the field of “green” economy in the extreme conditions of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. It is noted that this pandemic is another in a series of other pandemics, and certainly not the last, and therefore the general – extreme – legal regulation of public relations, including in the field of “green” economy, should also provide for future catastrophes of an epidemiological nature that may occur, negatively and on a large scale affecting the economy. In the meantime, the article concludes that no effective legislative and regulatory acts of an extreme nature have been adopted to ensure the sustainability of the “green” economy in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Proposals are being made to address this problem.
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Hakmeh, Joyce, Emily Taylor, Allison Peters, and Sophia Ignatidou. The COVID-19 pandemic and trends in technology. Royal Institute of International Affairs, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784134365.

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Focusing on the dynamics between governments and big tech, on cybercrime, and on disinformation and fake news, this paper examines some of the risks that have been highlighted and aggravated as societies have transitioned at speed to a more virtual way of living. The COVID-19 pandemic has been called the ‘great accelerator’ of digital transformation, with technology at the forefront of countries’ response to the crisis. The experience of the past year has underscored that tech governance must be based on human-centric values that protect the rights of individuals but also work towards a public good. In the case of the development of track-and-trace apps, for instance, a successful solution should simultaneously be both respectful of individual privacy and robust from a cybersecurity perspective, while also effectively serving essential epidemiological goals. Ensuring a sound approach to tech policy has been made all the more complex by the context of the pandemic, as decision-makers have found themselves having to respond swiftly and decisively in a public health emergency. While there is considerable uncertainty as to the long-term consequences of their responses, the paper’s authors emphasize that a whole-of-society approach is needed that will restore and build greater public trust in the ability of governments and public-serving bodies to protect them, respect their rights and ensure the information they receive is solid and reliable.
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Hrynick, Tabitha, and Megan Schmidt-Sane. Roundtable Report: Discussion on mpox in DRC and Social Science Considerations for Operational Response. Institute of Development Studies, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.014.

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On 28 May 2024, the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) organised a roundtable discussion on the mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak which has been spreading in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) since early 2023.1 The objective was to appraise the current situation, with a particular focus on social science insights for informing context-sensitive risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) and wider operational responses. The roundtable was structured into two sessions: 1) an overview of the situation in DRC, including the current knowledge of epidemiology and 2) contextual considerations for response. This was followed by an hour-long panel discussion on operational considerations for response. Each session was initiated by a series of catalyst presentations followed by a question-and-answer session (Q&A). Details of the agenda, speakers and discussants can be found below. Despite estimates that less than 10% of suspected cases in DRC are being laboratory screened, the country is currently reporting the highest number of people affected by mpox in sub-Saharan Africa. It is notable that clade 1 of mpox is linked to this outbreak, which results in more severe disease and a higher fatality rate. While early cases of mpox were reported to be in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), the disease is now being detected more widely in DRC. The majority of those affected are children (up to 70% by some estimates2), which is a cause for concern. The outbreak is occurring on top of an overall high burden of disease and significant challenges to the health system and humanitarian interventions. The apparently heterogeneous picture of mpox across DRC – affecting different geographies and population groups – is shaped in part by social, economic and political factors. For instance, in South Kivu, accounts indicate that transmission via intimate and sexual contact is significant in mining areas, with an estimated one third of cases of disease reported in female sex workers. This raises questions about transactional sex and related stigma in these areas, as well as the implications of cross-border mobility linked to mining livelihoods for the spread of disease. A history of conflict and militia activity has additional implications for humanitarian intervention and is a factor in uptake and implementation of control strategies such as vaccination. Severe limitations in government health facilities in remote areas and a plural landscape of biomedical and non-biomedical providers are additional factors to consider for patterns of care-seeking and the timely provision of biomedical care. The limited reach of formal healthcare, including surveillance, makes it difficult to estimate the extent of cases and control disease spread through conventional epidemiological strategies. There are likely further challenges in accessing less visible populations such as GBMSM, as research in Nigeria has suggested.3,4 These complex contextual realities raise significant questions for mpox response. The roundtable convened a diverse range of expertise to offer perspectives from existing research and knowledge, with an emphasis on social science evidence. This roundtable report presents a synthesised version of the roundtable discussion with additional context as needed.
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FEDOTKINA, S. A., O. V. MUZALEVA, and E. V. KHUGAEVA. RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/978-0-615-67320-2-4-22.

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Introduction. The economic losses associated with disability due to diseases of the circulatory system, as well as the costs of providing medical care to patients suffering from heart and vascular diseases, are increasing annually. The state preventive measures currently being carried out are of a delayed nature. The results of the medical examination of the population of the Russian Federation in recent years (2015-2019) indicate that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, is at a fairly high level. In the middle of the last century, the Concept of risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases were formulated, in the structure of which cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension, occupies one of the primary positions. The concept is based on the results of promising epidemiological studies, and, at present, is a methodological basis for planning and organizing primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study. Based on the analysis of literary sources (including foreign ones) containing experience in the use of telemedicine technologies, to assess their significance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, as well as forecasting improvements in the quality of medical care when adapting to the use of clinical recommendations. Materials and methods. The article provides an analytical review of the use of modern telemedicine technologies in the prevention of hypertension. The results of the study and their discussion. The analysis of literary sources has shown that in the context of the progress of information and telecommunication technologies in the healthcare system, a fundamentally new direction has appeared in the organization and provision of medical care to the population - telemedicine, which will ensure the modern level of prevention, detection and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases, and also determines positive medical, social and economic performance indicators. To date, updates in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation are aimed at ensuring that medical care with the use of telemedicine technologies is more widespread, taking into account the standards of medical care and clinical recommendations. Conclusion. Based on a review of literature sources, it has been established that the modern solution to the problem of improving the quality of medical care for patients, including those with hypertension, diseases is medical care using telemedicine technologies that prove their medical, social and economic effectiveness.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, John Rodgers, Daisy Duncan, Joanna Lawes, Charles Byrne, and Craig Swift. Levels and trends of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from chicken in the UK. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dud728.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle of transmission for this organism. It is estimated there are 500,000 cases of campylobacteriosis in the UK annually, with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) accounting for approximately 91% and 8 % of infections, respectively. Although severe infection in humans is uncommon, treatment is seldom needed for human infection but usually involves the administration of a macrolide (e.g., azithromycin) or a fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin). An increased rate of resistance in Campylobacter in chicken to such antimicrobials could limit effective treatment options for human infections and it is therefore important to monitor changes in rates of resistance over time. In this report we analysed trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chicken in the UK. The chicken samples were from chicken reared for meat (ie. broiler chicken as opposed to layer chicken (ie. egg-laying chicken)) and included chicken sampled at slaughterhouses as well as from retail stores in the UK. Datasets included AMR results from retail surveys of Campylobacter spp. on chicken sampled in the UK from various projects in the time period from 2001 to 2020. In the retail surveys, samples were obtained from stores including major and minor retail stores throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each nation) and Campylobacter spp. testing was performed using standard methods with the majority of isolates obtained from direct culture on standard media (mCCDA). Data from national scale surveys of broiler chicken, sampling caecal contents and carcase neckskins at slaughterhouses, undertaken by APHA in 2007/2008, and between 2012 and 2018 were also included in the study. In the APHA-led surveys, Campylobacter were isolated using standard culture methods (culture onto mCCDA) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a standard microbroth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. Care was taken when comparing data from different studies as there had been changes to the threshold used to determine if an isolate was susceptible or resistant to an antimicrobial in a small number of scenarios. Harmonised thresholds (using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values) were employed to assess AMR with appropriate adjustments made where required to allow meaningful comparisons of resistance prevalence over time. Data from additional isolates where resistance to antimicrobials were predicted from genome sequence data were also considered.
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Aguiar Borges, Luciane, Lisa Rohrer, and Kjell Nilsson. Green and healthy Nordic cities: How to plan, design, and manage health-promoting urban green space. Nordregio, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:11403-2503.

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This handbook is the culmination of the NORDGREEN project, which develops and implements smart planning and management solutions for well-designed, high-quality green spaces that promote health and well-being. Researchers and practitioners worked alongside one another in six Nordic cities: Aarhus (Denmark), Espoo and Ii (Finland), Stavanger (Norway), and Täby and Vilhelmina (Sweden). Together, the researchers and practitioners applied methods including GIS data analysis, statistical analysis, PPGIS surveys and analysis, policy document analysis, interviews, and evidence-based design models. The handbook uses an innovative framework based on the multi-disciplinary approach of the project, using epidemiological studies, environmental psychology, policy and management, and citizen participation. These fields of study and their respective methodologies are divided into the four so-called NORD components—NUMBERING, OBSERVING, REGULATING, and DESIGNING—which, accompanied by a BACKGROUND section reviewing the evidence linking green space and human health, form the bulk of the handbook. Some key take-away messages from these chapters include: There is a fairly broad consensus that access to, and use of, natural and green areas have a positive influence on people’s health and well-being. Both perceived and objective indicators for access to green space and for health are needed for making a more comprehensive evaluation for how people’s health is influenced by green space. Citizens’ experiential, local knowledge is a vital component of urban planning, and PPGIS can offer practitioners the opportunity to gather map-based experiential knowledge to provide insights for planning, designing, and managing green spaces. Alignment, both vertically across the political, tactical, and operational levels, as well as horizontally across departments, is critical for municipal organisations to foster health-promoting green spaces. Evidence-based design models can provide important categories and qualities for diagnosing the gaps in existing green spaces and designing green spaces with different scales and scopes that respond to the various health and well-being needs of different people. Based on the research and lessons learned from the six case study cities, the handbook provides practitioners with a TOOLBOX of adaptable methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green spaces to consider in their own contexts. By reading this handbook, planners and policymakers can expect to gain (1) a background on the evidence linking green spaces and health, practical tools for planning, designing, and managing green spaces, (2) tips from researchers regarding the challenges of using various methods, models, and guidelines for delivering health-promoting green space, and (3) inspiration on some success stories emerging from the Nordic Region in this area of study. The handbook covers a wide range of health and urban green space topics. Landscape architects will find evidence-based design models for enhancing existing green space design processes. Planners will find methods and guidelines for identifying, collecting, and analysing both qualitative and quantitative green space and health data from statistical databases, national citizen surveys, and map-based participatory surveys. And all practitioners will find guidelines for achieving programmatic alignment in their work for delivering health-promoting green space.
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What would a data framework for policy responses to pandemic diseases look like? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2023/050.

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This scoping paper discusses how information on government policy responses to pandemic diseases (e.g. non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and public health and social measures (PHSMs), and including behavioural rules, testing and contact tracing systems, policies to incentivise vaccination, etc.) have, can, and should be collected, analysed, and incorporated into the broader array of pandemic data (e.g. epidemiological, virological, behavioural, etc.) to build preparedness. It draws on both the academic and policy literature, as well as a series of interviews with policymakers and researchers, as well as a guided stakeholder workshop held in December 2022.
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Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies - Recommendations for field application and integration into dog rabies control programmes. WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/woah.3398.

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This technical report replaces or supersedes issue-related contents in previous WHO foundational documents on oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs (see the Preamble). In contrast to the 2007 WHO recommendations [1], this report will shift focus from the development of suitable vaccines and baits for dogs towards providing guidance for practical implementation of ORV as a tool integrated into national strategies to control rabies in dog populations. This report therefore mainly addresses basic regulatory considerations for licensing and selection of appropriate oral vaccine candidates, logistics, distribution strategies in the field, communication, activities to be implemented in relation to ORV campaigns, and monitoring of campaigns. It should be emphasised that it is impossible to establish a universally valid and applicable blueprint for the integration of ORV into national strategies for the control of canine rabies. This is not least due to country-specific circumstances, including sociocultural aspects, epidemiological situation, local dog population structures, funding and available resources. Therefore, countries should use this guiding document to find their own strategic and practical approach.
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