Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Epidemics – History'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Epidemics – History.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Epidemics – History.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Leonard, Marie-Louise. "Plague epidemics and public health in Mantua, 1463-1577." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5704/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates how health officials sought to preserve or recover good health during plague epidemics in Mantua, from 1463-1577. Scholarship on health boards in Italy has focused primarily on larger cities such as Milan, Florence and Venice, while many smaller cities and states which formed part of the wider network of interdependent health offices have yet to receive significant attention. This study attempts to address this imbalance by focussing on Mantua, a hitherto neglected area in the heart of northern Italy. Historians have shown by the sixteenth century health offices had wide-ranging responsibilities, yet their most important function remained tackling plague outbreaks through measures including trade and travel bans, quarantine periods and lazaretti. An analysis of the Mantuan health office’s actions and reactions reveal that it does not fit neatly with the health board model historians have established elsewhere in northern and central Italy. I will argue that while the hallmarks of the ‘Italian system’ of public health procedures are evident, closer examination of their organisation and composition reveals that they were shaped by the incidence and severity of outbreaks. Above all, however, they were dependent upon and defined by the evolving state apparatus and by participation of the wider community, both lay and ecclesiastic. Contrary to the view that permanent Italian health offices enforced plague regulations uniformly, there was a degree of flexibility in application within the structures created to fight plague. Further, it will be argued that by examining in detail symbolic acts, such as processions, in conjunction with practical methods we see with greater clarity how civic and ecclesiastical authorities worked together in the attempt to restore the city to good health. By exploring the dialogues between civic authorities, the people they governed and interactions between specific health agencies across the peninsula, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the Gonzagan state-building process and concepts of public health in Renaissance Italy.
2
Atkinson, Joseph Logan. "The Upper Canadian legal response to the cholera epidemics of 1832 and 1834." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ58262.pdf.
Full text
3
Gurgel, Cristina Brandt Friedrich Martin. "Indios, jesuitas e bandeirantes : medicinas e doenças no Brasil dos seculos XVI e XVII." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309188.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Eros Antonio de Almeida, Rachel LewinsohnTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T21:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gurgel_CristinaBrandtFriedrichMartin_D.pdf: 1275536 bytes, checksum: 77133d53d149a9f5e8d593647cb11de7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Isolados durante milhares de anos, os indígenas não desenvolveram imunidade diante de vírus e bactérias originários de outros continentes. Apesar de seu habitat não ser destituído de uma grande variedade de moléstias (dentre elas o pian, a leishmaniose cutânea e a doença de Chagas), no contato com o colonizador, a deficiência de resposta imune Th2 para micro-organismos autóctones causou verdadeiras tragédias entre os brasilíndios, que sucumbiam por gripes, sarampo, disenterias e principalmente varíola. Médicos formados constituíam um grupo insignificante no Brasil colonial e diante do vazio profissional, jesuítas (os primeiros que se lançaram nas práticas médicas), curiosos, curandeiros, barbeiros, benzedeiras compunham um contingente expressivo. Todos praticavam uma medicina híbrida, formada inicialmente pela medicina popular européia e indígena; ambas possuíam uma noção materializada da doença que, uma vez instituída, deveria abandonar o organismo. Diante disso, a terapêutica baseava-se em sangrias, purgas e vomitórios, além de rituais, rezas e uso de amuletos para satisfazer o sobrenatural. Estas práticas médicas concomitantemente valeram-se da variada flora medicinal nativa e foram difundidas pelos bandeirantes, que desbravavam os sertões de norte a sul - por este motivo esta terapêutica foi denominada "Remédios de Paulistas" - e foi usada para diversos males como opilação (anemia), escrófulas, "carneiradas" (malária) e "meia-cegueira" (tracoma?), comuns nas matas e vilas incipientes. Nenhuma das medicinas, erudita ou popular - que na realidade eram muito semelhantes entre si - foi eficaz diante das epidemias. A despeito de serem os indígenas suas principais vítimas, elas matavam de senhores de engenho a escravos, faziam ruir a economia e causavam fome e desalento. Falências, crescentes dívidas para importar escravos africanos (mais caros, porém mais resistentes às doenças) constituíram por muitos anos um quadro sombrio da vida no Brasil. Num círculo cruel de causa e efeito, os escravos negros substituíram gradativamente o trabalho indígena nas lavouras, mas trouxeram mais doenças, como o maculo, a febre amarela, a malária (por P. falciparum) e a própria varíola. As tentativas indígenas na defesa de seu território resultaram em fracasso; a morte, na grande maioria das vezes, foi causada direta ou indiretamente pelas doenças infecciosas de além-mar e não por canhões e arcabuzes. Assim, na falta de uma imunidade eficaz, as guerras contra os colonizadores já estavam vencidas, antes mesmo de iniciadas.
Abstract: Isolated during thousands of years, native Brazilians did not developed immunity to microorganisms from another continent. Despite the presence of diseases in their habitat, (such as non venereal treponematosis, cutaneous leshmaniosis and Chagas' disease), with exposure to alien explorers, the deficiency of an immune response Th2 to viruses and foreign bacteria, truly decimated the native population of Brazil, which succumbed secondary to primarily small pox, but also to the flu, measles and dysentery. Trained physicians were scarce in colonial Brazil, and due to this professional void, Jesuits (the first to start medical practices), curious people, shamans, barbers and faith healers tried to replace them; all practiced a hybrid form of medicine, based initially in the popular European medicine combined with native roots. Both schools of thought had a "material" concept of the diseases; that is, once developed, it had to abandon the organism. As such, therapy was based in exsanguinations, intestinal cleansing and forced vomit, in addition to rituals, praying and use of amulets to appease the supernatural world. These medical practices made extensive use of the varied native medicinal flora, and this knowledge was spread out by the alien explorers of the north and south remote regions - as a consequence, this therapy was called " Remedios de Paulistas", i. e., Medicine of Sao Paulo - , and it was used for a variety of maladies such as anemia, scrofula, malaria, and trachoma, diseases common in the jungle and adjacent hamlets. None of the medical practices - classic or popular (very similar to each other) - was efficacious against any epidemics. Despite native Brazilians being most affected, epidemics also killed African slaves and their owners, ruining the economy and causing hunger and discouragement. Personal bankruptcy, increased debts for buying African slaves (more expensive, however more resistant to diseases) lead to, for many years, a somber lifestyle in Brazil. In a cruel circle of cause and effect, African slaves gradually replaced native Brazilians as work force in the plantations; on the other hand, they also brought in diseases such as infectious recto colitis, yellow fever and malaria - caused by P. falciparum, and even small pox. All native Brazilian resistance to colonization resulted in failure; death, in the vast majority of cases, was caused directly or indirectly by the exposure to alien diseases, and not by cannons or guns. As a consequence, due to lack of an efficient immune system, the battle against the colonizers was already lost, even before it had started.
Doutorado
Clinica Medica
Doutor em Clínica Médica
4
Pavanati, Cássia Mariane 1985. "A saúde e a doença em Campinas : 1889-1930 (re) visitando uma história." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309222.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Everardo Duarte NunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pavanati_CassiaMariane_M.pdf: 4552461 bytes, checksum: 1b0e533a61f66951f4df48cb10427e29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Este estudo reconstitui através de uma revisão das fontes historiográficas e documentais, a história da saúde, doença e do sanitarismo da cidade de Campinas durante a Primeira República brasileira, do final do século XIX às primeiras décadas do século XX. Este período de significativas transformações no Brasil, não apenas políticas, também modificaram notoriamente as questões referentes à saúde, tanto no país como na cidade de Campinas. Campinas se destacou como produtora agrícola, inicialmente, e mais tarde como centro industrial e comercial. O trabalho ressalta as diversas modificações pelas quais a cidade atravessou durante os sucessivos surtos epidêmicos que assolaram a cidade, principalmente a febre amarela; destaca a implantação e organização das primeiras instituições destinadas ao tratamento da saúde e doença. A reconstituição proveniente da revisão historiográfica compõe um cenário geral sobre a situação sanitária do período, como da estruturação do serviço de saúde na cidade em meio às mudanças políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais, intrínsecas à Primeira República brasileira
Abstract: This study reproduces through a review of documentary sources and historiography, the history of health, disease and sanitarism city of Campinas in Brazil during the First Republic, the late nineteenth century to the early decades of the twentieth century. This period of significant transformations in Brazil, not just policies also changed markedly issues relating to health, both at home and in the city of Campinas. Campinas excelled as agricultural production, initially, and later as industrial and commercial center. The work highlights the various changes which the city went through during successive epidemics that ravaged the city, especially yellow fever; highlights the organization and deployment of the first institutions for the treatment of health and disease. Reconstitution from the historiographical revision composes a scene on the general health situation of the period, as the structure of the health service in the city amid the political, economic, social and cultural, intrinsic to the First Brazilian Republic
Mestrado
Ciências Sociais em Saúde
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
5
Sendzik, Walter. "The 1832 Montreal cholera epidemic : a study in state formation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37236.pdf.
Full text
6
Phoofolo, Pule. "In time of plague : the Basotho and the rinderpest, 1896-8." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002405.
Full textAbstract:
Rinderpest, the most dreaded bovine plague, struck the cattle of the BaSotho in British Basutoland early in 1897. By December the murrain had spent itself, having reduced the cattle population by half As it did so, the rinderpest claimed the primary historical significance of an epidemic. By sharpening behaviour and illuminating latent or developing tendencies, the rinderpest helped to reveal the nooks and crannies of contemporary historical processes that would have otherwise eluded historical visibility. This thesis brings out the complexities and ambiguities surrounding the epidemic. It uses the crisis occasioned by the panzootic in its multifaceted manifestations as a prism through which we might view the complex aspects of contemporary historical processes. It goes beyond the narrow limits of the crisis itself to discerning the broader and wider historical patterns that the rinderpest helped to highlight.
7
Silva, GlÃubia Cristiane Arruda. "O Tremor dos SertÃes: experiÃncias da epidemia de malÃria no Baixo Jaguaribe-CE (1937-1940)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=728.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta pesquisa busca interpretar as diversas experiÃncias vivenciadas pela populaÃÃo do Baixo Jaguaribe CearÃ, durante a epidemia de malÃria ao longo dos anos de 1937 a 1940. SerÃo analisadas as adversidades, mudanÃas e permanÃncias culturais que a peste palustre trazia para o dia-a-dia da regiÃo. Tais interferÃncias originaram uma crise na economia local, uma vez que o tempo do trabalho ficou submetido aos intervalos em que os acessos da doenÃa nÃo se manifestavam. Muitas safras, entÃo, ficaram perdidas e muito trabalho por ser realizado nas roÃas, nos carnaubais, nos pastos, nos algodoeiros, dentre outros, pois, em muitas residÃncias, a doenÃa se manifestou em todos os membros de uma mesma famÃlia. A incidÃncia da malÃria tambÃm ocasionou mudanÃas nos rituais fÃnebres: as pessoas nÃo acompanhavam os enterros, evitavam freqÃentar as sentinelas, os sinos das igrejas nÃo badalavam anunciando as mortes e, para alÃm destas, os padres da regiÃo nÃo conseguiam dar conta dos pedidos de extrema-unÃÃo aos moribundos. SerÃo ressaltadas tambÃm as diversas explicaÃÃes para o processo de erradicaÃÃo da doenÃa. Portanto, busca compreender a peste palustre para alÃm do seu carÃter patolÃgico, classificando-a como elemento responsÃvel por todo um processo de desorganizaÃÃo social. Dessa forma, ao optar por estudar a epidemia de malÃria, acabamos por tecer uma teia que envolve tanto os sentimentos, como as experiÃncias vivenciadas pelas pessoas atingidas pela mazela.
This research aims to understand the sort of experiences lived by the population of âBaixo Jaguaribeâ region, state of CearÃ, during the epidemics of malaria through 1937 until 1940. The adversities and the cultural permanency and changes the swampy plague brought to the routine of that region were analyzed. Such interferences originate a crisis in the local economy, once the time dedicated to laboring submitted itself to the intervals that the diseaseâs peak had not appeared. Sometimes the disease reached all the members of one single family, thereupon many crops were lost and also a lot of work to be done in the field (cultivated with carnaubas, cotton) and in the pasture were left behind. Due to the plague, some funeral rituais changed: people did not follow funerals and did not attend to the death-watch, the churchesâ bell did not toll to announce deaths in the community and, besides all this, the priests were not able to attend all the moribund requests to âextrema-unÃÃoâ. The whole set of explications to the process of eradication of the plague were highlighted in this research. Thus, swampy plague was understood beyond its pathologic aspect, referring to it as a component responsible for a complete social disorganization process. Therefore, as the option to study the epidemics of malaria was set, a complex network that embodies feelings as well as experiences lived by the people caught by the plague was found.
8
Dall\'Ava, João Paulo. "Sorocaba entre epidemias: a experiência de Álvaro Soares na febre amarela e na gripe espanhola (1897-1918)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-05102015-112501/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente pesquisa investiga as epidemias de febre amarela - em 1897 e 1900 - e de gripe espanhola - em 1918 - ocorridas em Sorocaba e a atuação do médico Álvaro César da Cunha Soares no seu combate, a fim de revelar as condições sanitárias de uma cidade que passava por grandes transformações, como o crescimento urbano e a industrialização, em um contexto de consolidação da medicina oficial e de acirrados debates em torno das questões relacionadas à saúde pública. Para tanto, traça-se um panorama das condições sanitárias e de saúde pública de Sorocaba entre o final do século XIX e o início do século XX, apontando o agravamento dos problemas sociais e o aumento do número de casos de determinadas enfermidades. Desse modo, pretende-se demonstrar como a condição de vida da população pobre sorocabana foi se deteriorando cada vez mais enquanto a cidade apresentava um relativo crescimento urbano e industrial. As epidemias de febre amarela são reconstituídas, abordando-se questões políticas, sociais e científicas que se desenrolaram no decorrer dos surtos epidêmicos, em um contexto de disputa entre o poder estadual, representado pelo Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, e os poderes locais, representados por médicos e autoridades públicas municipais, na condução das medidas de combate às epidemias. A epidemia de gripe espanhola na cidade representou um desafio às autoridades públicas locais e uma ameaça à estabilidade econômica local - em um momento em que o crescimento industrial da cidade era colocado em evidência. Desse modo, estudando as epidemias que assolaram Sorocaba na virada do século XIX para o XX e acompanhando a atuação de Álvaro Soares nesse contexto, pretende-se compreender melhor a relação entre a consolidação da medicina oficial no Estado de São Paulo e suas implicações nas práticas em saúde públicaThis research investigates epidemics of yellow fever - in 1897 and 1900 - and the Spanish flu - in 1918 - occurred in Sorocaba and the performance of the medical Álvaro César Soares da Cunha in combating them, in order to reveal the sanitary conditions of a city passing through major transformations, such as urban growth and industrialization, in a context of consolidation of official medicine and heated debates on issues related to public health. To this end, draws up an overview of public health and sanitary conditions of Sorocaba in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth century, pointing to the worsening of social problems and the increasing number of cases of certain diseases. Thus, it is intended to demonstrate how the living conditions of the poor in Sorocaba was deteriorating more and more as the city had a relative urban and industrial growth. The yellow fever epidemics are reconstituted, addressing political, social and scientific issues that unfolded over the outbreaks, in a dispute context between state power, represented by the State Sanitation Service of São Paulo, and local authorities, represented by physicians and municipal authorities, in the conduct of measures to combat epidemics. The Spanish flu epidemic in the city was a challenge to local public authorities and a threat to local economic stability - at a time when the industrial growth of the city was placed in evidence. Thus, studying the epidemics that ravaged Sorocaba in the late nineteenth century to the twentieth and monitoring the performance of Alvaro Soares in this context, it is intended to better understand the relationship between the consolidation of official medicine in the State of São Paulo and its implications for practice in public health
9
Hernandez, Tasco Aleidys 1988. "Limites das convicções científicas : as epidemias no Rio de Janeiro e em Socorro e o desencadeamento da crise nos estudos da febre amarela (1927-1948)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287239.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Cristina de CamposDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T20:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HernandezTasco_Aleidys_M.pdf: 2499047 bytes, checksum: 236f6901a7068d237ee969ad03880acc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Em 1927 a luta contra a febre amarela parecia finalizada no continente americano. A Fundação Rockefeller, instituição filantrópica estadunidense que tinha como principal objetivo o combate da febre amarela na primeira metade do século XX, assegurava que a doença estava quase erradicada. No entanto, a ocorrência das epidemias de febre amarela no Rio de Janeiro em 1928 (Brasil) e em Socorro em 1929 (Colômbia), colocou em dúvida as medidas profiláticas recomendadas e aplicadas tanto pelos órgãos nacionais de Saúde Pública como os da Fundação Rockefeller que participou da luta contra essa doença em ambos os países. Ao mesmo tempo em que ocorriam as epidemias, uma controvérsia instalou-se em torno à descoberta de Stokes, Bauer e Hudson na África, em 1927, que demonstrou que a febre amarela era facilmente inoculável no Macacus Rhesus. Tal descoberta acabou por rejeitar a concepção etiológica estabelecida em 1919 por Noguchi. A nova descoberta dos pesquisadores, as epidemias e a rejeição da teoria de Noguchi geraram uma enorme desconfiança na época, dando a sensação de que nada era seguro em assuntos relacionados à febre amarela, despertando uma crise nos estudos da doença. Esta pesquisa assume a responsabilidade de fazer um estudo comparativo a partir da ciência, da política e da técnica que ambos os países usaram no combate à doença, com intuito de conhecer as experiências desenvolvidas com o fenômeno da febre amarela. Assim, a dissertação tem dois objetivos principais. Primeiro, analisar o processo histórico da febre amarela, a fim de entender a crise que predominou nos estudos da doença entre os anos de 1927 e 1930. Para isso iremos analisar os múltiplos atores locais, nacionais e internacionais no domínio teórico e técnico da doença, durante a epidemia de febre amarela no Rio de Janeiro, em 1928-29, e em Socorro, em 1929. O segundo objetivo é analisar as manifestações científicas contra o avanço da febre amarela no Brasil e na Colômbia, a partir das duas últimas grandes epidemias registradas no Rio de Janeiro (1928-1929) e em Socorro (1929), através das tensões entre o ideal de uma ciência médica universal, representada pela Fundação Rockefeller e pelas Conferências Pan-Americanas, e as práticas de saúde pública, representadas por médicos e pesquisadores, elaboradas localmente para minimizar o alcance da febre amarela no período de 1930 a 1948
Abstract: In 1927 the fight against yellow fever seemed to have concluded in American continent. In the first half of the twentieth century, a philanthropic American organization had as primary goal the fight against that outbreak (The Rockefeller Foundation) and, they ensured that epidemic was almost completely eradicated in that time. Nonetheless, two yellow fever outbreaks recorded in Rio de Janeiro in 1928 (Brazil) and Socorro in 1929 (Colombia) put in doubt the prophylactic measures recommended and implemented by the National Agencies of Public Health and the Rockefeller Foundation. This later institution took part in the fight against the disease in both countries. A controversy was established, while those epidemics took place in both countries, due to the discovery made by Stokes, Bauer e Hudson in Africa in 1927, which demonstrated Macacus Rhesus could be easily inoculated with the virus of yellow fever. That discovery eventually rejected the etiological agent theory established by Noguchi in 1919. In this fashion, with the new discovery, the epidemics and the rejecting of Noguchi's theory, a huge distrust grew up in those days, giving the impression that nothing was safe in issues related to yellow fever, and generating a crisis in studies of disease. Therefore, a comparative study from science, policy and technical that both Colombia and Brazil used in fighting against disease is carried out in this research in order to know the experiences developed with the yellow fever. In this manner, this dissertation has two mains objectives. First, the historical process of yellow fever will be analyzed by this research to understand the crisis that prevailed in studies of that disease between 1927 and 1930. For this reason, the multiple local actors, national and international in theoretical and technical field of the disease were analyzed during yellow fever outbreak in 1928-29 in Rio de Janeiro and in 1929 in Socorro. Second, several scientific manifestations against the progress of yellow fever in Brazil and Colombia were also studied from the last two major epidemics recorded in Rio de Janeiro (1928-1929) and Socorro (1929). Thus, controversies between an ideal of universal medical science represented by Rockefeller Foundation and Pan-American Conference, and the local public health practices developed to minimize the propagation of yellow fever in the period between 1930 and 1948
Mestrado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Mestra em Política Científica e Tecnológica
10
Figueira, Junior Oseas Batista. "A ordem médica sobre o alagadiço: higienismo e epidemias na Alagoas Oitocentista (1850-1882)." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2018. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3478.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that the epidemics changed the daily life of the populations bringing the fear of death as a companion of thousands of individuals in several Provinces of Brazil in the second half of the nineteenth century. Thus a set of actions of the provinces governments having as protagonists the medical hygienists were enlarged. Through the Public Hygiene Boards, visits were made to vessels, markets, warehouses, homes and in all spaces, and establishments that could cause damage to public health in the conception of such men of science. In this sense, this study entitled: The medical order on the flood: Hygiene and Epidemics in Imperial Alagoas (1850-1882) aims to understand the impact caused by the epidemics in the Province of Alagoas in the second half of the nineteenth century, and the main actions of physicians Sanitarians, amid the epidemiological outbreaks, as well as the changes in customs proposes by medical thought in this period.FAPEAL - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
Sabe-se que as epidemias mudaram o cotidiano das populações trazendo o medo da morte como companheira de milhares de indivíduos em várias Províncias do Brasil na segunda metade do século XIX. Assim, um conjunto de ações dos governos das províncias tendo como protagonistas os médicos higienistas foram ampliados através das Juntas de Higiene Pública que buscavam operar visitas às embarcações, aos mercados, armazéns, casas e em todos os espaços, e estabelecimentos que pudessem provocar danos à saúde pública na concepção de tais homens da ciência. Neste sentido este estudo intitulado: A ordem médica sobre o alagadiço: Higienismo e Epidemias na Alagoas Imperial (1850-1882) têm como objetivo compreender o impacto causado pelas epidemias na Província de Alagoas na segunda metade do século XIX, e as principais ações dos médicos sanitaristas, em meio aos surtos epidemiológicos, como também as mudanças nos costumes propostas pelo pensamento médico neste período.
11
Sánchez, Martínez José. "Historia del Santo y Real Hospital de Caridad de Cartagena (1900-1936)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94516.
Full textAbstract:
El Hospital de Caridad de Cartagena fue fundado en 1693. Objetivo: determinar su área de influencia, los problemas sanitarios, enfermedades y lesiones más frecuentes y otros aspectos. La fuente principal ha sido el archivo del Hospital. Entre 1900 y 1936 el Hospital experimenta un gran auge. El 58% de enfermos proceden de la Ciudad, siguiéndole la zona minera (19%). Existe una correlación negativa entre los ingresos y la estancia media. Enfermedades más frecuentes: aparato digestivo (21%), respiratorias (15%), circulatorias (10%) y genitourinarias (9%). Enfermedades infecto-contagiosas más frecuentes: tuberculosis (20%), difteria (19%), paludismo (17%), sífilis (16%), fiebres tifoideas (4%) y viruela (3%). La tasa más elevada de hospitalización por paludismo corresponde a la zona húmeda de “El Hondón”. Existe una correlación negativa entre consumo de pan y de carne por estancia y número de estancias. Entre las urgencias predominan las heridas (59%), traumatismos osteoarticulares (24,3%), quemaduras (3,3%) y cuerpos extraños (2,6%).The “Hospital de Caridad” in Cartagena was founded in 1693. Objective: to determine its area of influence, health problems, most common diseases and injuries and other aspects. The archive of the Hospital has been the main information source. Between 1900 and 1936 the Hospital experiences a great development. 58% of patients are from the City followed by those from the mining zone (19%). A negative correlation was observed between admissions and average length of inpatient hospital stay. Most frequent diseases: digestive system (21%), respiratory system (15%), cardiovascular system (10%) and genitourinary system (9%). Most frequent infect-contagious diseases: tuberculosis (20%), diphtheria (19%), malaria (17%), syphilis (16%), typhoid fever (4%) and smallpox (3%). The main zone affected by malaria is the wetland area called “El Hondón”. A negative correlation was observed between bread and meat consumption per hospital stay and average length of stay. Most common emergencies are wounds (59%), osteoarticular traumatisms (24.3%), burns (3.3) and foreign bodies (2.6%).
12
Boechat, Gustavo Vargas Laprovitera. "Alerta Vermelho: a AIDS bate à nossa porta (uma história da AIDS na cidade de Itapetininga 1985-1999)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-11062018-132103/.
Full textAbstract:
Para além de um fenômeno biológico, as enfermidades são fenômenos históricos, pois a forma que a sociedade a prova é demonstrada por meio como pensam e agem em preveni-las, transmiti-las, estudá-las, compreendê-las e curá-las, e que estão calcadas pelas práticas e discursos da medicina, pelas políticas públicas desenvolvidas pelo Estado em saúde e pelos aspectos socioculturais e econômicos presentes em diferentes comunidades. A historiografia elaborou diversos estudos sobre a epidemia de AIDS (Síndrome da ImunoDeficiência Adquirida) que procuravam compreendê-la perante sua repercussão na sociedade, as comparações com outras experiências epidêmicas vividas pelas diferentes coletividades, as particularidades geográficas de infecção, a mortalidade pela enfermidade, as respostas, os preconceitos e as metáforas construídas em torno da doença por diferentes grupos sociais. Este texto apresenta o projeto de mestrado sobre como se deu a epidemia na cidade de Itapetininga (1985-1999). O presente estudo de dimensão histórica busca compreender, pelos fios dos documentos, como foram incorporados discursos e práticas sobre a AIDS no universo de uma cidade do interior paulista. Por meio da leitura da produção jornalística local e do levantamento dos projetos e requerimentos propostos na Câmara Municipal de Itapetininga, farar-se-á uma reconstrução das representações históricas sobre a doençaBeyond a biologic phenomenon, illnesses are historical fact, because of the society rehearses experience is demonstrated by show it thinks and acts to prevent, to transmit, to study, to understand, to represent and to heal. All those elements are guided by the practices and discourses of medicine, of public health policy developed by Estate and by sociocultural and economical aspects presents in many different communities. The historiography elaborated several studies about AIDS epidemic aiming at understanding it before it repercussion in society, as comparison with other epidemics by many different collectivities, the geographic infection particularities, the mortality by the illness, the answers, the preconceptions and metaphors built around of the disease by many different social groups. This work presents a master\'s degree project about how was the AIDS epidemic in Itapetininga city during the early period (1989-1996). By means of documents, the present study of historical dimension search to understand, how speeches and practices about AIDS were incorporated in the universe of a city from São Paulo State countryside. Through the reading of the local journalistic production and the survey of the projects and requirements proposed in the Municipality of Itapetininga, a reconstruction of the historical representations about the disease will be made
13
Weinstein, Philip. "Changing representations of mosquito borne disease risk in Reunion." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. French Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0174.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] In March 2005, the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, a former colony and now overseas department of France, saw the first cases of what was to become a massive epidemic of the mosquito borne viral infection Chikungunya. More than 250,000 people, one third of the Island's population, were subject to high fevers, rash, and joint and muscle pains over the next 18 months, yet the public health authorities in metropolitan France were arguably slow to take the epidemic seriously. The research presented here explores attitudes underlying the management of the epidemic by examining both metropolitan and local representations of mosquito borne disease from historical, epidemiological and media perspectives. The research seeks to answer the general question Does colonial history continue to influence the representation and management of mosquito borne disease in Reunion? Three parallel approaches are taken to answering this question, using a common framework of tropicality (a Western discourse that exalts the temperate world over its tropical counterpart, and overlaps with colonialism and orientalism). ... Several factors are likely to have contributed to the persistence of tropicality in public health practice in Reunion: Othering as a universal phenomenon; the cost of administering interventions to combat tropical diseases in the remote environments of French overseas departments and territories; the denial of a serious public health risk as a cultural trait in Reunion; and the significant role of the colonies in forming and maintaining the French national identity. It has to be acknowledged that historically, tropicalism does appear to have played one positive role in the management of mosquito borne disease:
14
Furbring, Adam. "Farsotens kväsande : Smittkoppsvaccinets introduktion i Sverige 1798-1805." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-184837.
Full textAbstract:
This study treats the topic of smallpox prevention in Sweden during the nascent phase of vaccination between 1798–1805. The aim is to examine how Swedish physicians sought to establish trustworthiness for a new medical treatment as well as to analyse the relation between professional physicians and the unlicensed actors involved in the practice, i.e. the clergy and their assistants. The source material consists of pamphlets, articles in daily papers and annual reports written by Swedish physicians. By drawing upon theories on boundary-work and epistemic authority, this study has found that several boundaries were drawn within the medical space by the physicians who strived to retain the elements of the practice that were considered the most crucial, while delegating others. More importantly, the study has found that the physicians attempted to engage the clergy in the dissemination of knowledge due to their influence over the public. According to the physicians, the clergy were able to establish a credibility for the vaccine which could induce the population to undergo the treatment without coercion or laws made by the government.
15
De, Araújo Barros e. Silva Sebastião Nuno. "The land of flies, children and devils : the sleeping sickness epidemic in the island of Príncipe (1870s-1914)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669806.
Full text
16
Darberg, Sandra. "När koleran kom till stan : En studie kring antalet döda i koleraepidemier i Döderhults socken åren 1834-1866." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100618.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this essay is to examine the extent to which the cholera epidemics that prevailed in Sweden during the nineteenth century affected Döderhult parish during the period 1834-1866. The study aims first to examine the total number of cholera deaths in Döderhult parish. Additionally, it examines the individuals who died of cholera concerning gender, age and occupation. The essay also aims to examine whether Döderhult parish was more affected by the cholera epidemic than other nearby parishes were and if so, why? In accordance to this, the death rate of Döderhult parish is thus studied in comparison with Mönsterås parish and documented cholera deaths in Fliseryd parish during the period. The results show that of the 68 people who died in Döderhult parish between 1834 and 1866, 35 were men and 33 were women. The examination of the deceaseds’ age showed that the most vulnerable groups in the parish were the children and the elderly. The results regarding the deceased’s occupation showed that most men, women and children belonged to the working class. Last but not least, the comparative examination between Döderhult parish and the nearby parishes showed that Döderhult parish was worse affected by the cholera epidemic due to factors such as potential trade agreements, overcrowding, lack of public health measures, the industries’ impact on population and the spread of infection through relocation from the town of Döderhultsvik to the parish.
17
Chilcote, Jonathan. "Epidemic and Opportunity: American Perceptions of the Spanish Influenza Epidemic." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/39.
Full textAbstract:
During the final months of the Great War, the loss of human life was not confined to the battlefields of Western Europe. The Spanish influenza virus was rapidly spreading around the globe¸ and would ultimately leave millions dead in its wake. Some American groups, both public and private, saw the pandemic as a blessing in disguise. They interpreted the pandemic as a sign that their work, whether religious, political, commercial, or health, was more vital to the world than ever before. Influenza reinforced their existing beliefs in the rightness and necessity of their causes, and used the pandemic as a call to increase their activities. American missionaries interpreted the pandemic and its spread as a sign of the backwardness of native peoples, and they argued that the United States and Americans had an increased duty after the War and pandemic to help foreign populations with education, sanitation, and religion. For American diplomats, the pandemic was a nuisance to their work of promoting and expanding American trade. Although it devastated societies, it was not destructive to international commerce. It did, though, provide an opportunity for Americans to teach foreign peoples about better health to protect them from future diseases, and to strengthen commercial ties with the rest of the world. The U.S. Government was greatly distracted with the war effort when the epidemic hit, and refused to take it seriously. They appropriated a small amount of money to the United States Public Health Service (PHS) to deal with the epidemic. This appropriation, although small, continued a trend of the federal government becoming more involved in health efforts at the expense of states, and was used as a justification for later federal health initiatives. The PHS actively used the influenza epidemic to push for their own expansion, arguing that their success in combatting influenza showed their merit, and used it to ensure that they would maintain their power and authority after the epidemic ceased. For all of these groups, the Spanish influenza epidemic provided an opportunity for their work, and reinforced their beliefs that their efforts were needed and vital to the nation and world.
18
Castele, Daniel S. "Designing Within Historic Guidelines: an American Epidemic." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1554211323496614.
Full text
19
MacGillivray, Neil. "Food, poverty and epidemic disease, Edinburgh, 1840-1850." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1898.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis first examines the link between nutrition and disease, focusing on the poor of Edinburgh during the 184Os, a time of economic depression and food shortage. The development of nutritional science and the level of dietary knowledge amongst the medical profession are considered in the light of current nutritional guidelines. An assessment is made of the relationship between the 1947 scurvy epidemic and nutritional deficiency amongst the poor whose diet is then analysed. Institutional diets from contemporary tables of nutrition are subjected to computer analysis and their significance in terms of nutritional status discussed. There follows a description of the living conditions of the poor in the Old Town, emphasising the degree of overcrowding from inward migration and loss of housing stock following the demolition of streets and wynds in the course of city improvements and industrial developments. The history of the city’s water supply is explored and the absence of sewage provision is described in conjunction with an account of the foul bum controversy stressing the fact that the lack of water in the Old Town was critical in creating the fetid and hazardous environment where only the most primitive and inadequate methods of sanitation existed. Finally epidemic disease is studied, concentrating on the fever epidemics of 184 1- 44, 1847-49 and the cholera outbreak of 1848-49 but reviewing also the lesser epidemics of measles, whooping cough and scarlet fever. The history of the identification of typhus fever, relapsing fever and typhoid fever and their causation is described and the contagion-miasma debate is examined, assessing the contribution of Edinburgh physicians to the question. The lack of statistical information on Edinburgh’s morbidity and mortality is one of the factors discussed in a critical appraisal of the reaction of the medical profession and the city administration to these epidemics and to the social conditions in the midst of which they worked but few lived. In studying the cholera outbreak a database of 740 cholera victims has been prepared from the cholera returns maintained by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and the information contained therein evaluated.
20
Tomkins, Sandra M. "Britain and the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272611.
Full text
21
Dalledone, Márcia Teresinha Andreatta. "Condições sanitárias e as epidemias de varíola na província do Paraná (1853-1889)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27082.
Full text
22
Peterson, Rachel. "Why Swaziland? how colonial history, nationalism, and cultural identity contribute to a national epidemic /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1991050401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
23
Hile, Elizabeth. ""Like Brave Soldiers:" Nursing and the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 in the United States." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522409688878777.
Full text
24
Silva, Felipe Nascimento da. "Os debates médicos sobre as epidemias de febre amarela em Campinas (1889-1890)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-08012013-120133/.
Full textAbstract:
Durante os anos de 1889 e 1890 uma forte epidemia se abateu sobre Campinas. Alguns médicos diziam ser a temida febre amarela, outros, no entanto, não concordavam com o diagnóstico e supunham ser alguma outra das tantas febres que reinavam na cidade. E a doença voltaria a se manifestar em 1890, colocando na pauta do dia antigas discussões. Mesmo considerando que as epidemias que se abateram em Campinas foram realmente de febre amarela, as discórdias entre os médicos evidenciavam o quanto alguns aspectos da doença ainda eram desconhecidos da comunidade médica; essas desavenças sugerem também que, ao contrário do que indica a bibliografia sobre a história da cidade de Campinas, nem sempre a classe médica daquela cidade superou suas discórdias particulares em favor da erradicação da doença na cidade. O tema da febre amarela em Campinas é pouco comentado na bibliografia sobre a história daquela cidade, e, em tais exceções, a perspectiva das narrações sempre recaia sobre os esforços de médicos e sanitaristas em vencer a doença e livrar Campinas dos infortúnios da febre amarela, prevalecendo sempre a figura de determinados personagens. Dessa maneira, ao invés de seguir essa linha costumeira e considerar apenas os esforços considerados efetivamente válidos no combate à febre amarela, interessa-nos mais observar, no próprio contexto, quais eram as percepções que aqueles clínicos possuíam sobre a doença e como essas percepções ditavam suas práticas médicas.During the Years of 1889 and 1890, a swift epidemic outbrake stroke the city of Campinas. Even though some physicians argued that it was in fact the \"dreaded\" Yellow Fever, many doctors disagreed, assuming it was just one of the many other illnesses that had previously hunted the town. By the year of 1890, the disease was back in the hospitals and in the medical agenda. Even considering that the epidemics that fell upon Campinas in the course of those years were endeed Yellow Fever outbrakes, these opposing diagnostics clearly show that some aspects of this condition were still unknown to the medical community. They also suggest that, contrary to what the majority of the bibliography concearning Campinas\'s history states, the medical community of that area wasn\'t always able to overcome personal issues in favor of the erradication of this disease. The topic of the Yellow fever outbrake in Campinas has never been sufficiently explored by historians. In the few cases where that happened, the narratives exlusively focus on the medical and hygienical efforts to overcome the epidemic burst of the fever in the city, prevailing the image and accomplishes of some specific characters. Therefore, instead of seeing this through tradicional angles, considering just the approved measures taken back then to fight the disease, it\'s more in our interest to explore what perceptions these physicians had about this particular ilness and, more importantly, how these perceptions defined their medical practice.
25
Nasser, Latif Shiraz. "Spasms of the Soul: The Tanganyika Laughter Epidemic in the Age of Independence." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11693.
Full textAbstract:
1962. Tanganyika, East Africa. In a rural boarding school on the shore of Lake Victoria, dozens of adolescent girls began to laugh and cry uncontrollably. After trying to stem these mysterious breakouts for a month and a half, school officials gave up and sent everyone home. As the girls fanned out to their homes across the region, their behaviors spread too. Over 1000 people were affected. Families and governments enlisted all kinds of experts to give them a clue about what was going on. Eventually, an official diagnosis: mass hysteria. About two years after it began, the epidemic petered out. Nobody died. Everybody recovered.History of Science
26
Jones, Kelly H. "Vaccination : who should decide when doctors disagree? : the Muncie smallpox epidemic of 1893." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1397376.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the events and controversies surrounding the smallpox epidemic that hit Muncie, Indiana, in the summer and fall of 1893. The disease struck 150 individuals and left 22 dead, but it also raised broad questions regarding the authority of local and state public health officials to force vaccination upon citizens. Following recent historiographical trends that interpret anti-vaccinationist sentiment in Progressive-Era America as an important part of the political dialog, it argues that anti-vaccinationists in connection with the Muncie epidemic were not simply anti-modem, but had reasonable concerns as to the safety of smallpox vaccination and the government's authority to enforce it.Department of History
27
Derin, Alan. "När det gäller epidemier har man oddsen emot sig : En komparativ historisk undersökning mellan spanska sjukan och Coronaviruset." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-46126.
Full textAbstract:
More than a hundred years ago, the world was affected by the infamous pandemic virus, the Spanish flu, which lasted from 1918 to 1920. During this period, the First World War broke out. In the spring of 2020, the world was affected by a new pandemic virus called the Coronavirus (COVID-19). For the people who lived during 1918–1920 and the present, each virus has had enormous repercussions on their own lives and safety. For each epidemic, it has meant the political and economic stability in the world has been exposed. The world from then and now differs immensely from each other. Today, there are alternative opportunities to replace the regular lessons with digital connection. This study will make a historical comparative study between the Spanish flu and the coronavirus. In this study, two magazines aimed at teachers will be selected for each pandemic. This is done to see how the schools were affected by each epidemic, what measures were taken against the infection and what difficulties arose with it.
28
Hollenback, Kacy LeAnne. "Disaster, Technology, and Community: Measuring Responses to Smallpox Epidemics in Historic Hidatsa Villages, North Dakota." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268574.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are prevalent phenomena in the human experience and have played a formative role in shaping world cultures. Contemporary and popular conceptions of disasters as events, such as hurricanes, droughts, or earthquakes, fail to fully capture the social dimensions of these complex processes. Building on theoretical models and research in sociology, geography, and anthropology, this research explores one community's experience with and reaction to disaster over the longer-term--primarily through the lens of archaeology. The anthropology of disaster recognizes that these processes have the potential to affect every facet of human life, including biological, technological, ritual, political, social, and economic aspects of a society. How groups react to and cope with these processes dramatically shapes their cultural histories and in some instances their cultural identities. Using theoretical assumptions from the anthropology of technology, my research explores the social impacts of disaster at community and sub-community levels by drawing on method, theory, and information from across subdisciplinary boundaries to incorporate archaeological, ethnohistoric, and ethnographic datasets to better understand the entire disaster process or cycle. Specifically, I investigate how Hidatsa potters located near the Knife River of North Dakota responded to the smallpox epidemics of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and how these women maintained or modified their daily practice in light of these catastrophes. In addition, I examine oral tradition and contemporary discourse on these subjects to explore the lasting legacies and impacts of catastrophe. The objective of my research is to contribute new theory to the anthropology of disaster by examining disasters over the long-term, investigating the relationship between disaster and motivations for the production or reproduction of material culture--the focus of most archaeological studies--and by exploring the role of materiality and traditional technology in coping strategies.
29
Oropeza, Ruth Alejandra. "The Politics of Epidemic: Spain, Disease Management and Hygiene, 1803-1902." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337269.
Full textAbstract:
Utilizing medical manuals, medical records, newspapers, and letters, the history of the management of epidemics from 1803-1902 will be explored. This thesis weaves together and explores the political history of the nineteenth century by analyzing the contribution of doctors and reformers in the management of diseases. This thesis explores the intersection between the construction of a public health system and the implementation of these practices by political actors and physicians. The history of the management of disease is analyzed from the introduction of the mass vaccination campaign, in Spain, in 1803. This thesis first analyzes the development of a public health system focused on prevention. It then challenges the system created by examining how effective these measures were against the multiple waves of cholera to hit Spain. It then addresses the important role reformers had in the late nineteenth century. It was through their efforts that doctors and reformers became explicitly linked to new ideas of citizenship and responsibility. This paper emphasizes both continuity in the importance of health care, but also the transformations in the discourse of public health responsibility. Ultimately, it centers liberalism and an emerging middle class within the discussion of a health policy.
30
Westin, Tim. ""Folk äro också rädda för den smygande sjukdomen [...]" : en studie om spanska sjukans förlopp i Karlskoga kommun år 1918." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83215.
Full textAbstract:
The swedish local history research on the spanish flu is relatively scarce. The research that is available today seems to be largely centered around accounts for morbidity and mortality as a result of the epidemic. This however, has also been an important part of the research, to provide a demographic depiction of the mortality. Another important element in the present study has also been to account for the authorities' actions during the epidemic, something that is largely lacking in research. In light of the prevailing Corona epidemic and the lack of local historical research on the course of the Spanish flu in Sweden, the present study has aimed to examine the course of the epidemic in the undersigned home municipality of Karlskoga, during the epidemic in 1918. With the use of the death and funeral books of the Karlskoga parish, old issues of the newspaper ”Karlskoga Tidning” and the Health Care Board's statistics and protocols, the undersigned has, through this case study, tried to provide a quantitative aswell as a qualitative depiction of the epidemic year. The study evince that at least 43 people died in the municipality, the majority of whom were men under 40 years old. It also turned out that the workers' areas in Bofors were home to 36% of those who died during the epidemic months, no other area in the municipality had such high mortality rate. The study also indicates that the authorities in Karlskoga considered the epidemic to be of great danger. Hence, they seemed to have used the available information channels at the time, as to prevent the spread of infection. In this research it is noteworthy that as of today, a hundred years later, similar approaches are used to limit the spread of infection.
31
Gruenberg, James R. "The Yellow Fever Epidemic in Savannah, Georgia of 1876: A Case for Applied Historical Analysis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1331645851.
Full text
32
Silva, Gláubia Cristiane Arruda. "O tremor dos sertões: experiências da epidemia de malária no Baixo Jaguaribe-CE (1937-1940)." www.teses.ufc.br, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2873.
Full textAbstract:
SILVA, Gláubia Cristiane Arruda. O tremor dos sertões: experiências da epidemia de malária no Baixo Jaguaribe-CE (1937-1940). 2007. 172 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2007.Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-25T14:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_GSASilva.pdf: 7860329 bytes, checksum: 096b9a75bea62c768d21e05684add430 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T16:22:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_GSASilva.pdf: 7860329 bytes, checksum: 096b9a75bea62c768d21e05684add430 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T16:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_Dis_GSASilva.pdf: 7860329 bytes, checksum: 096b9a75bea62c768d21e05684add430 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
This research aims to understand the sort of experiences lived by the population of “Baixo Jaguaribe” region, state of Ceará, during the epidemics of malaria through 1937 until 1940. The adversities and the cultural permanency and changes the swampy plague brought to the routine of that region were analyzed. Such interferences originate a crisis in the local economy, once the time dedicated to laboring submitted itself to the intervals that the disease’s peak had not appeared. Sometimes the disease reached all the members of one single family, thereupon many crops were lost and also a lot of work to be done in the field (cultivated with carnaubas, cotton) and in the pasture were left behind. Due to the plague, some funeral rituais changed: people did not follow funerals and did not attend to the death-watch, the churches’ bell did not toll to announce deaths in the community and, besides all this, the priests were not able to attend all the moribund requests to “extrema-unção”. The whole set of explications to the process of eradication of the plague were highlighted in this research. Thus, swampy plague was understood beyond its pathologic aspect, referring to it as a component responsible for a complete social disorganization process. Therefore, as the option to study the epidemics of malaria was set, a complex network that embodies feelings as well as experiences lived by the people caught by the plague was found.
Esta pesquisa busca interpretar as diversas experiências vivenciadas pela população do Baixo Jaguaribe Ceará, durante a epidemia de malária ao longo dos anos de 1937 a 1940. Serão analisadas as adversidades, mudanças e permanências culturais que a peste palustre trazia para o dia-a-dia da região. Tais interferências originaram uma crise na economia local, uma vez que o tempo do trabalho ficou submetido aos intervalos em que os acessos da doença não se manifestavam. Muitas safras, então, ficaram perdidas e muito trabalho por ser realizado nas roças, nos carnaubais, nos pastos, nos algodoeiros, dentre outros, pois, em muitas residências, a doença se manifestou em todos os membros de uma mesma família. A incidência da malária também ocasionou mudanças nos rituais fúnebres: as pessoas não acompanhavam os enterros, evitavam freqüentar as sentinelas, os sinos das igrejas não badalavam anunciando as mortes e, para além destas, os padres da região não conseguiam dar conta dos pedidos de extrema-unção aos moribundos. Serão ressaltadas também as diversas explicações para o processo de erradicação da doença. Portanto, busca compreender a peste palustre para além do seu caráter patológico, classificando-a como elemento responsável por todo um processo de desorganização social. Dessa forma, ao optar por estudar a epidemia de malária, acabamos por tecer uma teia que envolve tanto os sentimentos, como as experiências vivenciadas pelas pessoas atingidas pela mazela.
33
Bjoershol, Haakon. "Fighting the Germans. Fighting the Germs. Cleveland’s Response to the 1918-19 Spanish Flu Epidemic." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1369232140.
Full text
34
GERARD, GILLES. "Peuplement humain et epidemies a l'ile de la reunion." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20285.
Full text
35
Grimley, Evans Corrinne Jane. "Divine providence and epidemic cholera : a contribution to the study of secularization of thought in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1995. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/75b02f60-e4e8-4c32-9f89-330ad83fd59e/1/.
Full textAbstract:
The idea of providence was a prominent and pervasive theme in public discourse on subjects of national importance, and upon momentous occasions in nineteenthcentury England. Perceptions of divine involvement and purpose in human affairs embodied in the notion of providence seemed to be at the heart of a religious world view in the Christian tradition, and thus essential elements for study in any historical investigation of religious change. The midcentury years, ostensibly a period of high religious consciousness, provide an opportunity to explore processes which were eventually to lead to the more secular nature of society apparent by the end of the century. The recurring cholera epidemics between 1831 and 1854 were alarming events which provoked reactions throughout society; they provide a means of tracing developments in perceptions of providential involvement in calamitous events during a critical twenty-four year period. Systematic surveys of a broad range of sources, including newspapers, periodicals and sermons were carried out to document the responses of different sections of society, and facilitated investigation of cross-sectional and longitudinal patterns in religious attitudes. It was hypothesised that changing ideas about the nature and extent of providential action in relation to epidemic disease could provide an index of the process of secularization of thought, and thus contribute to the wider debate on secularization. The results vindicated the use of the concept of providence to explore religious consciousness. They have confirmed the mid-nineteenth century to be a critical period for religious change. Analysis of religious perceptions of cholera at three points in time produced a complex picture of changing attitudes, including an unexpected peaking of providential interpretations by some observers during the second epidemic. However, the variation between different sources and social groups did not obscure a significant longer-term trend of decline in providential attitudes, consistent with a secularization of thought during the quarter of a century studied.
36
Cartwright-Jones, Catherine Jane. "The Geographies of the Black Henna Meme Organism and the Epidemic of Para-phenylenediamine Sensitization: A Qualitative History." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427633329.
Full text
37
COSTA, Magda Nazaré Pereira da. "Caridade e saúde pública em tempo de epidemias. Belém 1850-1890." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4307.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-23T14:03:40Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5)
Dissertacao_CaridadeSaudePublica.pdf: 739021 bytes, checksum: 817e9fc96d286e88df842c07c9f9fa05 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-30T14:29:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_CaridadeSaudePublica.pdf: 739021 bytes, checksum: 817e9fc96d286e88df842c07c9f9fa05 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T14:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_CaridadeSaudePublica.pdf: 739021 bytes, checksum: 817e9fc96d286e88df842c07c9f9fa05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Obrigados a enfrentar uma grave crise epidêmica desencadeada ao longo de quase toda a segunda metade do século XIX, os habitantes de Belém assistem, a partir daquele momento, a uma intensa mobilização social em prol da preservação da saúde pública, que há muito deixara de ser objeto de interesse do Governo Provincial e que agora se via ameaçada pela fúria da febre amarela, da cólera e da varíola, que vinham desordenadamente fazendo suas vítimas pela cidade. Diante disso, esta dissertação procura analisar alguns mecanismos empregados para conter o aumento dos casos das doenças na Capital da Província do Pará, destacando as estratégias sanitárias propostas pelos facultativos ligados à ciência médica, levadas a cabo, muitas vezes sem resultado, pelo poder público, mas que interferiram e modificaram significativamente as práticas de assistência aos enfermos mais necessitados, que geralmente eram socorridos em nome da caridade no Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia. A falta de conhecimento sobre a etiologia das moléstias trouxe à tona ainda um acirrado conflito ideológico entre os médicos, que divergiam quanto aos possíveis fatores que motivaram as epidemias e o tipo de terapêutica a ser aplicada aos doentes, ao mesmo tempo em que o perigo da contaminação aguçou também a “compaixão” e a “caridade” de todos que se viram direta ou indiretamente ameaçados por aqueles males.
Forced to face a serious epidemic crisis that started nearly throughout the second half of the XIX century, the inhabitants of Belém witness, from that moment on, an intense social mobilization that sought to preserve public health in the city. Public health had long ceased being object of interest to the “governo provincial” and now felt the rage of yellow fever, cholera and chickenpox which were erratically making victims around town. Based on these factos this paper seeks to analize some ways used to contain the spread of cases of these cliseases in the capital of the “Província do Pará”, by stressing the sanitary strategies put fort by the people connected to medical science. Such strategies, in most cases carried out by public administration, did not yield worthwhile results; but they interfered with and significatly modified the ways of providing assistance to the most needy patients who were in general helped in the name of charity at the “Santa Casa de Misericórdia” Hospital. The lack of knowledge concerning the etiology of those diseases brought up an even bitterer ideology conflict among medical doctors who disagreed about the possible sources of the epidemic and about the kind of therapeutic methods to be provided to patients at the same time that the risk of contamination also increased “compassion” and “charity” of al who had been direct or indirectly threatened by those diseases.
38
Antuñano, Colpaher Rosario Del Pilar. "Salubridad y epidemias en la ciudad de Lima 1535-1590." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3828.
Full textAbstract:
Los virus, bacterias y otros microorganismos están evolucionando y transformándose para sobrevivir, para ello necesitan de un huésped, donde poder replicarse, por lo tanto cuando el hombre aparece sobre la faz de la tierra se convierte en uno más, provocando las diversas epidemias que se han dado a través de la Historia, como las mencionadas por Tucídides o las descritas en la Biblia .
El presente trabajo de investigación sobre el tema de “Salubridad y Epidemias en la Ciudad de Lima 1535-1590” tiene por objetivo demostrar que las condiciones de insalubridad influyeron en las altas tasas de mortalidad causadas por las enfermedades contagiosas, que terminaron diezmando a la población, especialmente la indígena.
Para el mejor análisis del tema, se ha dividido en dos partes:
La primera parte trata sobre las bases teóricas de la investigación, donde planteo el problema y la sustentación de la misma.
En la segunda parte desarrollo el tema de la investigación el cual dividí en tres capítulos a considerar:
Primer Capítulo: trabajo sobre salubridad y sus indicadores para el siglo XVI, en el cual se describen las características de las viviendas de aquella época y las limitaciones con las cuales contaban especialmente la población indígena, cuyos espacios fueron muy reducidos; donde convivían con animales domésticos menores (aves, cuyes, etc.) y mayores (vacas, caballos, etc.) cuando laboraban en los solares y corrales de los españoles.
En las viviendas se generaban una serie de desperdicios que eran desechados por los pobladores en las acequias, solares abandonados, calles y al río Rímac, de donde tomaban el agua que utilizaban para su higiene y consumo.
Otro indicador fundamental fue el nivel socio-económico en la época; los españoles formaban parte de la clase dominante, quienes gozaban de todos los privilegios, con una economía que les permitía satisfacer sus necesidades básicas: vivienda, alimentación, vestido, salud y educación, fueron los que menos sufrieron por las epidemias; mientras los indígenas y esclavos, quienes se hallaban sometidos al poder español, eran las principales víctimas de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas, por las condiciones de explotación y desnutrición en que vivían.
Segundo Capítulo: “Hospitales, Médicos y Curanderos”, en este punto de la investigación, describo a los hospitales existentes en el primer siglo de dominación española, la formación de los médicos, la cual se dio en Europa, porque recién en la colonia se impartieron clases de medicina en la Universidad de San Marcos en el siglo XVII; y los roles que cumplían los galenos con el apoyo de los cirujanos, boticarios y barberos. También se trabajó la medicina tradicional, propia de nuestra cultura andina y el papel de los curanderos para tratar las enfermedades de la época.
Tercer Capítulo: se realiza el análisis de las epidemias que se dieron en Lima, como sus causas, manejo y consecuencias en el desarrollo económico y social.
Para la realización de la Tesis visité el Archivo Arzobispal de Lima (AAL), el Archivo de la Municipalidad de Lima (AML), el Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) y bibliotecas especializadas como la Biblioteca Nacional, que me proporcionaron las fuentes primarias para esta investigación.
Las epidemias del siglo XVI fueron producto de los nuevos microorganismos patógenos que llegaron con los españoles hacia América, atacando a los naturales que carecían de inmunidad natural para estos, por ser nuevos agentes infecciosos.
La hecatombe originada por estas enfermedades fueron devastadoras para la población, debido a las condiciones de insalubridad en la que vivían los habitantes de la Ciudad de los Reyes, especialmente la indígena y los esclavos negros, quienes aparte de ser explotados y recibir un mísero jornal, no contaban con viviendas y alimentación adecuadas, haciéndolos presa fácil de las epidemias.Tesis
39
SANTOS, Alcineia Rodrigues dos. "O processo de dessacralização da morte e a instalação de cemitérios no Seridó, séculos XIX e XX." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1223.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:14:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
tese Alcineia Rodrigues dos Santos.pdf: 2107648 bytes, checksum: 02d1f969d2c15d06a421febc4a845a41 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-05-03The beginning of this research lies at the wish of understanding the relation among the population from the region of Seridó, the death and the dead when cholera morbus, smallpox and yellow fever‟s epidemic outbreak exterminated part of the population from that region, causing deep modifications in the funeral culture. Thus, our aim is to analyze how this epidemic impact contributed to a changing action towards people‟s funeral habits and attitudes concerning death and the dead in Seridó as from 1850. During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, the attitudes of the inhabitants from the Province of Rio Grande do Norte regarding life‟s finite limit were based on the familiarity between the living and the dead, which led to a relation characterized by rituals after the death and the burial inside churches. This procedure was largely used by the Catholic Christians and it allowed a close contact between the dead and the living because when the congregation was inside the church they would walk around, sit and pray on the grave. The impact of the epidemic was fundamental to change the funeral culture. The diseases were responsible for a high mortality rate and consequently the burial inside the churches turned out being unfeasible because there was no time enough to the bodies‟ decomposition. As a result, the hygienist discourse that, under European influence, struggled against the ad sanctos burial was enhanced in order to prevent from other diseases and in favor of public hygiene. Under this perspective, a secularizing process takes place in Seridó, alike other Brazilian regions such as in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is this process we want to comprehend, based on official documents produced by the Presidents of the Province and Municipal Counties, wills and parochial obituary registers, besides visual resources like ground plans, photographs and videos, so that the secularized cemeteries of the region are analyzed.
Esta pesquisa surgiu a partir do desejo de compreender a relação que a população do Seridó manteve com a morte e com os mortos no momento em que os surtos epidêmicos de cólera-morbo, varíola e febre amarela grassaram na região, provocando modificações na cultura fúnebre. Assim, nosso objetivo é analisar como o impacto dessas epidemias, que atingiram esse espaço a partir de 1850, contribuiu para a ação transformadora sobre os costumes fúnebres e as atitudes da população para com a morte e os mortos. As atitudes dos habitantes da capitania do Rio Grande do Norte quanta à finitude da vida tinham como eixo central, durante toda a extensão do século XVIII e a primeira metade do século XIX, a familiaridade entre vivos e mortos, relação definida pelos rituais efetivados no momento pós-morte e pelas inumações no interior das igrejas. Essas inumações, utilizadas pelos cristãos católicos, permitiam o contato direto entre vivos e mortos: os fiéis que frequentavam as igrejas passavam, sentavam-se e faziam suas orações sobre as sepulturas. O impacto das epidemias nas transformações na cultura funerária foi fundamental. As doenças provocavam alto índice de mortalidade, tornando inviável o enterramento no interior das igrejas, uma vez que não havia tempo suficiente para a total decomposição dos corpos. Logo, constituíram-se em um dos elementos catalisadores do discurso higienista, que há tempos lutava, sob influência europeia, contra o enterramento ad sanctos, com base na prevenção de males e a favor da higienização pública. Dentro dessa conjuntura, o Seridó, a exemplo de outras regiões brasileiras, como São Paulo e o Rio de Janeiro, iniciou o processo de secularização da morte. É esse processo que pretendemos compreender, tendo como base o uso de documentação oficial produzida pelos Presidentes de Província e os de Comarcas Municipais, testamentos e registros paroquiais de óbito, além de recursos visuais, como plantas baixas, fotografias e vídeos, para análise dos cemitérios secularizados da região.
40
França, Martha San Juan. "Ciência em tempos de Aids: uma análise da resposta pioneira de São Paulo à epidemia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13399.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Martha San Juan Franca.pdf: 1361631 bytes, checksum: e5d6649463705b1407ade34e19f6dc43 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-10-10This thesis aims to show how and why Brazil developed its internationally acclaimed model for fighting Aids. This model is based on Latin America s pioneer program, created in the Brazilian state of São Paulo in 1983, two years after the epidemic officially began in the United States. Based on reports by doctors and other healthcare professionals who started the São Paulo program, this study aims to present the ethical, political, and scientific references that gave rise to the Brazilian model for fighting AIDS and to show how these references have influenced the majority of public positions adopted in Brazil. The reports and complimentary research have shown how the ideas of the sanitary reform movement of the 1980s influenced the São Paulo program for fighting AIDS. This movement proposed the expansion and improvement of health coverage in Brazil, and, above all, an increase of public participation in matters related to health and illness. Given the period of history in which the epidemic appeared, in São Paulo it was possible to carry out a constructive dialogue between medicine and society, that is to say, between the creation of knowledge and the application of knowledge. Should this dialogue be furthered, it can serve as a tool to evaluate the role of science in the politics of health, and vice-versa, thus incorporating important social considerations into the scientific process of identifying options and making decisions. In this thesis, we aim to follow the methodology of the Simão Mathias Center / History of Science Post-Graduation Studies Program (Cesima/PEPGHC) of PUCSP. According to this methodology, the History of Science represents an opportunity to reflect upon and give context to multiple areas of knowledge today Natural Sciences and Human Sciences among them. Considering that the interests of these two areas have become more integrated, we have been able to explore aspects formerly neglected by Science History, such as the various institutions that intermediate between knowledge and society with the goal of showing how knowledge is produced, organized, and measured
A presente tese pretende mostrar como e por que o Brasil desenvolveu um modelo de combate à Aids elogiado internacionalmente a partir do programa pioneiro na América Latina, criado no Estado de São Paulo em 1983, dois anos depois do início oficial da epidemia nos Estados Unidos. A partir do relato dos médicos e de outros profissionais de saúde que deram início ao programa em São Paulo, o estudo pretende apontar os referenciais éticos, políticos e científicos que deram origem ao modelo brasileiro de combate à Aids e como esses referenciais influenciaram a maioria das posições públicas assumidas pelo país. Esses relatos e as pesquisas complementares apontam para a influência das idéias do movimento da reforma sanitária, em andamento na década de 1980, no programa de Aids desenvolvido em São Paulo. O movimento propunha a expansão e melhoria da cobertura de saúde no país, mas principalmente uma ampliação do espaço de participação popular nas questões ligadas à saúde e doença. Em São Paulo, devido ao momento histórico em que a epidemia começou a se manifestar, foi possível realizar um diálogo profícuo entre medicina e sociedade, entre produção de conhecimento e sua aplicação. Esse diálogo, se for levado adiante, pode servir para avaliar o papel da ciência na política de saúde e, vice-versa, para a incorporação de importantes aspectos sociais no processo de opções e decisões em ciência. Para essa tese, procuramos seguir a metodologia do Centro Simão Mathias/Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em História da Ciência (Cesima/PEPGHC) da PUCSP, segundo a qual a História da Ciência representa hoje um espaço de reflexão e contextualização de múltiplas áreas do conhecimento, entre elas tanto as Ciências Naturais como as Humanas. Como as preocupações desses dois campos se tornaram mais integradas, foi possível explorar aspectos antes negligenciados da História da Ciência, como as várias instituições que fazem a mediação entre conhecimento e sociedade com o objetivo de mostrar como o conhecimento é produzido, organizado e dimensionado
41
Rewinski, Zachary D. "Dostoevsky and Tolstoy's Oblique Responses to the Epidemic of Chernyshevskian Philosophy." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1277852390.
Full text
42
Low, Michael Christopher. "Empire of the Hajj pilgrims, plagues, and pan-Islam under British surveillance,1865-1926 /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07082007-174715/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Stephen H. Rapp, committee chair; Donald M. Reid, committee member. Electronic text (210 p. : ill. (some col.), maps, facsim.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Dec. 20, 2007; title from file title page. Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-210).
43
Siqueira, Marcia Teresinha Andreatta Dalledone. "Saude e doença na provincia do Parana." [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/27169.
Full text
44
Shackelford, Maggie. "Unsung Heroes: Lesbian Activists in the AIDS Epidemic in North Carolina and California, 1981-1989." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539624393.
Full text
45
Wojton, Margaret Anne. "LOVE AND LOSS: THE WORKS OF FELIX GONZALEZ-TORRES, THE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND POSTMODERN ART." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1277860830.
Full text
46
Harvat, Zachary. "Histories beyond Hurt: Queer Historical Literature and Media since the AIDS Epidemic." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555503462022072.
Full text
47
Santos-Granero, Fernando. "Epidemias y sublevaciones en el desarrollo demográfico de las misiones amuesha del cerro de la sal, siglo XVIII." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122077.
Full textAbstract:
La presente ponencia es resultado de un largo trabajo de recopilación documental que comenzó en 1978 cuando el Ing. Bernardo Morawsky (entonces residente en el Convento Franciscano de Ocopa, Perú) me proporcionó el primer padrón de las misiones de la Conversión del Cerro de la Sal al cual tuve acceso.
48
Valdivia, Rey Milagros del Pilar. "Sensacionalismo, prejuicios y estereotipos en los diarios limeños durante la epidemia de cólera de 1991." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5591.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es identificar cuáles fueron los estereotipos
y prejuicios que la prensa escrita limeña reprodujo y reforzó en torno a los
enfermos de cólera durante la epidemia de 1991. A través de sus páginas,
los diarios promovieron la idea de que quienes se contagiaban de esta
enfermedad eran personas pobres, sucias e ignorantes. Estas nociones se
vincularon también con los provincianos y migrantes, de quienes además se
cuestionaron sus costumbres poco higiénicas. Los diarios sensacionalistas,
además, buscaron llamar la atención sobre diferentes aspectos de la
enfermedad, lo que generó confusión y pánico entre la población.
Para el estudio de las epidemias es fundamental comprender que estas
distan de ser simples hechos biológicos, pues ayudan también a revelar,
como explica Cueto, “dimensiones del tejido social que no aparecen claras
en la vida cotidiana” (Cueto 1997: 17-18). En efecto, gracias a ellas es
posible apreciar la relación entre el sistema económico y las condiciones de
vida, además de mentalidades, ideologías, creencias religiosas, prejuicios,
estereotipos sobre los enfermos, grupos étnicos y clases sociales. Esta idea
ha sido crucial para el desarrollo de la presente investigación, porque la
epidemia de cólera permitió dar cuenta de los prejuicios que ya existían
sobre los pobres y los provincianos, pero que se vieron reforzados por la
enfermedad.
Otro historiador que trata el tema es Charles Rosenberg (1989), quien objeta
que se entienda solamente una dimensión en las enfermedades: que atacan
el cuerpo y que causan dolor o incapacidad. Por el contrario, explica que
2
cada generación construye un repertorio verbal en torno a ellas, además de
que reflejan la historia intelectual e institucional de la medicina y la sociedad.
A su vez, son aspectos de legitimación de políticas públicas, permiten definir
roles sociales y son un elemento estructural en las relaciones entre médicos
y pacientes.
La epidemia de cólera del año 1991 ha generado, hasta el momento, poco
debate en la historiografía nacional y solo son dos trabajos que la tienen
como tema de investigación. El primero es una crónica escrita en julio de ese
mismo año por el sociólogo Carlos Reyna y por el historiador Antonio Zapata
(1991). Un análisis posterior fue realizado por el historiador Marcos Cueto en
un capítulo de su libro El regreso de las epidemias (1997). En constraste,
son abundantes las publicaciones del entorno médico.
La fuente principal para la tesis la constituyen los diarios limeños El
Comercio, La República, El Peruano, Ojo y El Popular. Se optó por revisar
los ejemplares de estos diarios desde febrero de 1991, cuando inició la
epidemia, hasta marzo de 1992. Se hizo necesario tener esta mirada amplia
para poder tener una mejor comprensión de los temas a investigar. Fue por
esta razón que la fecha de corte se tomó al final del verano de 1992, pues
también se tuvo en cuenta que las altas temperaturas de esta estación
favorecen la rápida expansión del cólera.
Esta tesis se encuentra dividida en tres capítulos. El primero de ellos tiene
como propósito analizar el estado del saneamiento a inicios de 1991. El
segundo capítulo busca comprender el impacto que tuvo la llegada del
cólera. Finalmente, el tercer capítulo tiene por objetivo examinar el discurso
de la prensa limeña frente a la epidemia. En este último se tratan los
estereotipos en torno a los enfermos de cólera, la controversia en torno al
consumo de alimentos marinos que afectó a consumidores, pescadores y
restaurantes y finalmente las noticias presentadas en los diarios
sensacionalistasTesis
49
DAMACENA, NETO Leandro Carvalho. "A Influenza espanhola de 1918/1919 na Cidade de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2313.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Leandro Carvalho Damacena Neto.pdf: 5860174 bytes, checksum: d2948cd4bdd56c4fd40f454247f3de60 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Research on the Spanish flu in Goiás aimed to understand the impacts and meanings which accounted for the population. We analyze its symptoms Spanish flu, as well as highlight the imprecision of medicine to define and characterize it, the multiple symptoms diagnosed and the variety of treatments and therapeutic measures. For this, the research is anchored in the records of the press Goiás, in the context of 1918/1919 were lodged with the population and called Advice to people: that is, they were indications of health authorities to combat the Spanish flu. More than a biological problem, the Spanish flu became a social problem, and as such has been analyzed here, from its social representation - ie, the disease constituted a problem that requires an explanation by the company attacked, it is imperative that has a social and cultural. Historicize diseases is one of the ways to understand a society.
A pesquisa sobre a gripe espanhola em Goiás teve como principal objetivo compreender os impactos e os significados que representou para a população. Buscamos analisar a sintomatologia da doença de gripe espanhola, bem como ressaltar a imprecisão da medicina ao defini-la e caracterizá-la, os múltiplos sintomas diagnosticados e a variedade de tratamentos e medidas terapêuticas. Para tanto, a pesquisa ancorou-se nos registros da imprensa goiana, que, no contexto de 1918/1919, foram dirigidos à população e denominados Conselhos ao povo;ou seja, eram indicações das autoridades sanitárias para o combate da gripe espanhola. Mais que um problema biológico, a gripe espanhola se tornou um problema social, e como tal foi aqui analisada, a partir da sua representação social ou seja, a doença constituiu-se um problema que exige uma explicação pela sociedade atacada; é imperativo que tenha sentido social e cultural. Historicizar as doenças é um dos caminhos para se compreender uma sociedade.
50
Kelsey, Hugh J. ""Bright, Aggressive, and Abrasive:" A History of the Chief Epidemic Intelligence Service Officer of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1951 – 2006." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11102006-092322/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Stuart Galishoff, committee chair; Clifford M. Kuhn, J. Lyle Conrad, committee members. Electronic text (157 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-157).