Relevant bibliographies by topics / Epidemic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Epidemic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Epidemic"

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Karpova, L. S., T. P. Stolyarova, and N. M. Popovtseva. "Parameters of the Influenza Epidemic in Russia in the 2019-2020 Season." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 19, no. 6 (January 14, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-6-8-17.

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Relevance. The National influenza center uses additional criteria: baselines and thresholds for epidemic intensity for early recognition of the onset and assessment of epidemic intensity. Aim. To characterize the parameters of the flu epidemic in the Russian Federation in the 2019-2020 season and assess the intensity of the last 2 epidemics and the effectiveness of baselines and intensity thresholds. Materials and methods. The database of the research Institute of influenza on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza and ARVI in the cities-reference bases of the National center for influenza was used. The analysis of the flu situation is based on comparing the current incidence of influenza and ARVI with weekly epic thresholds and baselines. A comparative assessment of the intensity of the last 2 influenza epidemics was carried out using intensity thresholds calculated by the moving epidemic method (MEM). Results. The main parameters of the 2019-20 influenza epidemic compared to the previous one are described. There was an increase in the incidence of clinically diagnosed «fluenza» in the pre-epidemic period and the early onset of both epidemics and reaching a peak in the 6th calendar week. This season, the epidemic started among school children, then among adults, and in the past-among the adult population, the incidence of children 0-2 years old was below the thresholds in both epidemics. This season, the average duration of the epidemic and the incidence in cities were higher among school children and adults, and over the entire period of the epidemic, the incidence was higher in all age groups across the country. This season, the epidemic started in the North Caucasus Federal district, its intensity was medium and low, in the past - it started simultaneously in the Siberian, Ural and North Caucasus districts, and its intensity was very high (in the North Caucasus) and high (in the Siberian Federal district) and the average level of 6 districts. The intensity and duration of epidemics were higher in districts with an early onset (in the North Caucasus and Siberian Federal districts). Both epidemics in the country were of moderate intensity, but there were fewer deaths from influenza in the last epidemic. Conclusion. Comparative characteristics of epidemics using baselines and intensity thresholds allowed us to identify the features of the epidemic process in the seasons 2018-19 and 2019-20: the earlier onset of both epidemics; a noticeable increase in the incidence of fluenza before the beginning of epidemics; a decrease in the intensity of epidemics and mortality from influenza; features of the epidemic process in Federal districts. The effectiveness of using additional criteria in the analysis of the influenza epidemic in Russia and this season has been confirmed. In both epidemics, the weekly epidemic thresholds for influenza and ARVI were more sensitive when determining the start of the epidemic, and the end of it, on the contrary, were baselines, and the baselines of morbidity and hospitalization with a diagnosis «influenza» determined the beginning and end of the epidemic even more precisely.
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Brierly, Joseph E. "Epidemic Cycle." Journal of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Research 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jbbr/2019(1)104.

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This article explains the natural progression of a typical viral epidemic. Epidemics historically go through a progressive cycle because once a person is victimized normally there is an immune and non-infectious period of one or more years. At this time both immunity and infectiousness has not been scientifically verified for the Covid-19 virus. However, likely the Covid-19 virus will progress the way of other past virus epidemics. At present there is much untested and possibly unreliable information regarding the Covid-19 epidemic. This article shows the most likely way the Covid-19 epidemic will progress over time.
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Shi, Zizhong, Junru Li, and Xiangdong Hu. "Risk Assessment and Response Strategy for Pig Epidemics in China." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2023): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10080485.

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Strengthening the analysis and risk assessment of the pig epidemic will help to better prevent and mitigate epidemic risks and promote the high-quality development of the pig industry. Based on a systematic understanding of live pig epidemics, a risk assessment index system was constructed, and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of pig epidemics in China were explored by the entropy method. In recent years, the overall trend in pig epidemics over time first increased and then decreased; in space, the acceleration of the spread of epidemics across the country weakened. China still faces challenges, including many types and a wide range of diseases, large total livestock breeding and weak epidemic prevention and control capacity, and a large risk of introduced foreign animal epidemics. The spatial and temporal variations in the pig epidemic risk were obvious; one high-risk area, two medium–high-risk areas and 10 medium-risk areas have been found in recent years, during which time, the epidemic risk was highest in Beijing, Hainan, Liaoning, Tibet and Zhejiang. However, there were significant differences in the regional distribution of the risk level of pig epidemics in different years. To further build a secure “defense system” for the high-quality development of the pig industry, it is recommended to improve the monitoring and early warning system of pig epidemic risk, perfect the pig epidemic prevention and control system, and strengthen the regional collaboration mechanism of epidemic prevention and control.
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Pometti Benítez, Kevin. "Clima, salud pública y sociedad: causas, gestión y efectos de la fiebre amarilla en la Barcelona de 1821." Cuadernos de Estudios del Siglo XVIII, no. 29 (December 17, 2019): 247–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/cesxviii.29.2019.247-277.

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RESUMENLa epidemia de fiebre amarilla que tuvo lugar en Barcelona en 1821 estuvo condicionada por la confluencia de causas endógenas y exógenas, ambientales y humanas, que fueron favorables al arraigo de una epidemia importada que generó serias repercusiones sobre la sociedad de su época. Por este motivo, en este artículo analizamos las particularidades del contexto ambiental que precedieron al inicio de la epidemia y que imperaron marcando las pautas propicias tanto para su desarrollo como para su progresiva extinción atendiendo, además, a lascondiciones de insalubridad que imperaban en la urbe. Por otra parte, centramos nuestra atención en las medidas que se implementaron en materia de salud pública para la gestión epidémica tanto para detectar su efectividad como sus repercusiones a nivel social, institucional, económico. Otro punto de interés reside en contrastar las condicionesambientales con las defunciones registradas en los puntos de observación habilitados para la contención de las personas infectadas por la fiebre amarilla.PALABRAS CLAVEFiebre amarilla, Barcelona, enfermedades vectoriales, salud pública, epidemias, clima. TITLEClimate, public health and society: causes, management and effects of Yellow Fever epidemic in Barcelona in 1821ABSTRACTThe Yellow Fever epidemic that took place in Barcelona in 1821 was a consequence of the confluence of endogenous and exogenous factors, human and environmental causes, which were favourable for the development of an imported disease that had deleterious effects over the society at that time. Because of that, in this paper we analyse the particularities of the environmental context that preceded the start of the epidemic and during its prevalence. Attending also to the insalubrity causes that characterized the city. Moreover, we centre our attention into analysing the sanitation politics applied by the authorities and medical institutions to evaluate the effectivity of those measures and to detect the repercussions over the society, the institutions and the economy. Another point of interest resides in to contrast the environmental conditions with the dead reports recovered from the observation points fitted out by authorities to contain the people affected by the epidemic.KEY WORDSYellow Fever, Barcelona, Vector Diseases, Public Health, Epidemics, Climate.
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Li, Wenjie, Yanyi Nie, Wenyao Li, Xiaolong Chen, Sheng Su, and Wei Wang. "Two competing simplicial irreversible epidemics on simplicial complex." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 9 (September 2022): 093135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100315.

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Higher-order interactions have significant implications for the dynamics of competing epidemic spreads. In this paper, a competing spread model for two simplicial irreversible epidemics (i.e., susceptible–infected–removed epidemics) on higher-order networks is proposed. The simplicial complexes are based on synthetic (including homogeneous and heterogeneous) and real-world networks. The spread process of two epidemics is theoretically analyzed by extending the microscopic Markov chain approach. When the two epidemics have the same 2-simplex infection rate and the 1-simplex infection rate of epidemic [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) is fixed at zero, an increase in the 1-simplex infection rate of epidemic [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) causes a transition from continuous growth to sharp growth in the spread of epidemic [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text], the growth of epidemic [Formula: see text] is always continuous. With the increase of [Formula: see text], the outbreak threshold of epidemic [Formula: see text] is delayed. When the difference in 1-simplex infection rates between the two epidemics reaches approximately three times, the stronger side obviously dominates. Otherwise, the coexistence of the two epidemics is always observed. When the 1-simplex infection rates are symmetrical, the increase in competition will accelerate the spread process and expand the spread area of both epidemics; when the 1-simplex infection rates are asymmetrical, the spread area of one epidemic increases with an increase in the 1-simplex infection rate from this epidemic while the other decreases. Finally, the influence of 2-simplex infection rates on the competing spread is discussed. An increase in 2-simplex infection rates leads to sharp growth in one of the epidemics.
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Garcia-Soto, M., R. E. Fullilove, M. T. Fullilove, and K. Haynes-Sanstad. "The Peculiar Epidemic, Part I: Social Response to AIDS in Alameda County." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 4 (April 1998): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300731.

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The morbidity and mortality caused by epidemics threaten social functioning of complex societies. Societies mount a social response to epidemics in order to contain the potential damage from uncontrolled disease. Despite the threat posed by epidemics, social and contextual ‘vulnerabilities’ often impede efforts to contain epidemics. The AIDS epidemic provides an example of a ‘peculiar’ epidemic, in which threat to social welfare failed to provoke adequate social efforts at containment. In order to examine the miscarriage of epidemic response, we interviewed 31 AIDS providers in Alameda County, California, about the development of their AIDS-related services. According to the people interviewed, epidemic response in the County was marred by stigma associated with AIDS, lack of adequate funding, difficulties in building collaborative effort in a fragmented care system, and other political and social problems. In spite of these obstacles, social mobilization enabled directors of a wide variety of health care agencies to incorporate care and prevention into their services. The findings support the concept that ‘vulnerabilities’ can derail epidemic response, making widespread social mobilization an essential tool for epidemic control. The discussion centers on the implication of these findings for the theoretical understanding of social response to epidemics.
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Muhsin, Sayyed Mohamed, and Murshid Muhammad. "Epidemics between Qadr and Ḥadhar: Insights from al-Nawawī (Epidemik Di antara Qadar dan Hadhar: Sorotan dari Al- Nawawi)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 18, no. 2 (October 24, 2021): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i2.1054.

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Being a great jurist and influential scholar with seminal works on hadith, theology, biography and jurisprudence, al-Nawawī’s (d. 1277) views on epidemics are of great significance in these days of the pandemic. This article explores his views and explanations vis-à-vis epidemic to find his perspectives on balance between qadr (predestination) and ḥadhar (precaution) by conducting a content analysis of his various texts. In this article, the authors mainly referred to his texts Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn and al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. This study substantiates that in the view of al-Nawawī, Islam postulates a balanced position between taking precaution and faith in Allah’s decrees in dealing with the situations of an epidemic. Thus, it holistically complements the concepts of qadr and hadhar to guide people towards leading a faithful and safe life in the trying times of epidemic. Keywords: Qadr, Ḥadhar, Precaution, Predestination, Al-Nawawī, Hadith, Epidemic. Abstrak Sebagai seorang juri dan seorang sarjana yang terkenal dan berpengaruh dalam ilmu hadis, agama, biografi dan falsafah perundangan, pandagan Imam Nawawi [d1277] pada epidemik pada masa kini mempunyai kesan signifikan dalam waktu pandemik sekarang. Artikel ini meninjau pandangan dan penghuraian perspektif epidemik dan keseimbangan di antara qadar [takdir] dan hadhar [pencegahan] dengan mengkaji analisa kandungan pelbagai hasil penulisan. Dalam artikel ini penulis merujuk kepada penulisan Sharaḥ Muslim, Riyaḍ al-Ṣāaliḥīn, al-Majmūʿ Sharaḥ Muhadhdhab, Rawḍat al-Ṭālibīn dan al- Adhkār al-Muntakhab. Kajian ini juga membuktikan pendapat Imam Nawawi bahawa Islam mencakna keseimbangan kedudukan di antara mengambil langkah berjaga-jaga yakni pencegahan dan keyakinan kepada kekuasaan dan penentuan Allah swt dalam mengurus situasi epidemik dalam konsep Qada dan Hadhar. Kata Kunci: Qadar, Hadhar, Pencegahan, Takdir, al-Nawawi, Hadith, Epidemik.
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Yoshikura, Hiroshi. "Measles Epidemic Influenced by COVID-19 Epidemic." Epidemiology International Journal 6, no. 3 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eij-16000244.

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In Western Pacific, the number of measles cases dropped precipitously in early 2020. As the coverage of measles vaccine remained almost unchanged, the precipitous drop of the measles cases could not be attributed to measles vaccine. It was probably brought about by physical distancing and other measures to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 cases increased wave by wave, while the number of the deaths divided by that of the patients declined. The decline of the casefatality rate could not be attributable to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, because the trend emerged from the start of the epidemic, far ahead of introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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Braz, Rui Moreira, Renato Fontes Guimarães, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, and Pedro Luiz Tauil. "Spatial dependence of malaria epidemics in municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, no. 3 (September 2014): 615–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400030004.

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Introduction: In 2010, there were 305 (37.8%) municipalities with malaria epidemics in the Brazilian Amazon. The epidemics spread can be explained by the spatial distribution pattern. Objective: To analyze the spatial dependence, autocorrelation, of the malaria epidemics in the municipalities of this region. Methods: An automated algorithm was used for the detection of epidemic municipalities in 2003, 2007 and 2010. Spatial dependence was analyzed by applying the global and local Moran index on the epidemic months proportion variable. The epidemic municipalities clusters were identified using the TerraView software. Results: The global Moran index values were 0.4 in 2003; 0.6 in 2007; and 0.5 in 2010 (p = 0.01), confirming the spatial dependence among the epidemic municipalities. Box Map and Moran Map identified inter-municipal, interstate and borders clusters with spatial autocorrelation (p < 0.05). There were 10 epidemic municipalities clusters in 2003; 9 in 2007 and 8 in 2010. Discussion: The epidemic municipalities clusters may be linked to the health facilities difficulties on acting together. The structural limitations of the health services can be overcome by territorial integration to support planning and control activities, strengthening the interventions. Conclusion: The routine analysis of the epidemic municipalities clusters with spatial and temporal persistence may provide a new indicator of planning and integrated control prioritization, contributing to malaria epidemics reducing in inter-municipal, interstate and borders areas.
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Volz, Erik, and Lauren Ancel Meyers. "Epidemic thresholds in dynamic contact networks." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 32 (July 29, 2008): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0218.

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The reproductive ratio, R 0 , is a fundamental quantity in epidemiology, which determines the initial increase in an infectious disease in a susceptible host population. In most epidemic models, there is a specific value of R 0 , the epidemic threshold, above which epidemics are possible, but below which epidemics cannot occur. As the complexity of an epidemic model increases, so too does the difficulty of calculating epidemic thresholds. Here we derive the reproductive ratio and epidemic thresholds for susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) epidemics in a simple class of dynamic random networks. As in most epidemiological models, R 0 depends on two basic epidemic parameters, the transmission and recovery rates. We find that R 0 also depends on social parameters, namely the degree distribution that describes heterogeneity in the numbers of concurrent contacts and the mixing parameter that gives the rate at which contacts are initiated and terminated. We show that social mixing fundamentally changes the epidemiological landscape and, consequently, that static network approximations of dynamic networks can be inadequate.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epidemic"

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Sun, Lan. "Epidemic Content Distribution in Mobile Networks : A study of epidemic content distribution characteristic with social relationship evaluation." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118470.

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With the growing popularity of integrating mobile networks and social networks, people now enjoy a freer and more efficient means of communication. Smarter mobile devices facilitate modern human life. In the information age, various new types of information have begun to appear. How to disseminate content to people in a swift and fair way has long been a question. Choosing the right strategy for content distribution is especially crucial for mobile social networks. In this thesis project we use epidemic models for content distribution in mobile social networks. Stochastic mobility models and an SIR epidemic model are set up in the evaluation. We analyze the impact of various parameters of mobility models and epidemic model on content distribution’s success rate and delivery delay. Also, we exploit the social relationships to facilitate content distribution and show the impact of social relationships on content distribution. Simulations have shown that increasing speed and node number in the mobility models will have positive impact on content distribution success rate as well as decreasing the delay. The infect time limit and infect count limit of the epidemic model are also important for swiftly distributing content while considering energy consumption and fairness for nodes. In the social relationship simulation, nodes’ meeting times during a period of time are calculated and a threshold based on a certain level of meeting times is used for categorizing the friendship relationships between nodes. The results show that it will be easier for a successful distribution to be achieved as the social relationship between nodes gets stronger. Also, the delay shows a decreasing trend until reaching the ideal distribution delay time.
Med den växande populariteten för att integrera mobila nätverk och sociala nätverk, människor njuta nu en friare och effektivare sätt att kommunicera.  Smartare mobila enheter underlättar moderna människans liv. I den information som ålder, har olika nya typer av information börjat visas. Hur sprida innehåll till människor påett snabbt och rättvist sätt har länge varit en fråga. Att välja rätt strategi för distribution av innehåll är särskilt viktigt för mobila sociala nätverk. I den här avhandlingen projekt använder vi epidemiska modeller för distribution av innehåll i mobila sociala nätverk. Stokastiska rörlighet modeller och en SIR-epidemi modell sätts upp i utvärderingen.  Vi analyserar effekterna av olika parametrar rörlighet modeller och epidemisk modell påinnehållsdistribution s framgång och leveransförsening. Dessutom utnyttjar vi de sociala relationerna för att underlätta distribution av innehåll och visa hur sociala relationer pådistribution av innehåll. Simuleringar har visat att ökad hastighet och nodnummer i rörlighet modellerna kommer att ha en positiv inverkan pådistribution av innehåll framgång samt att minska fördröjningen. Den infektera tid och infektera räkna gräns epidemin modellen är ocksåviktiga för att snabbt distribuera innehåll och samtidigt överväga energiförbrukning och rättvisa för noder. I den sociala relationen simulering är noder möte tid under en tidsperiod beräknas och en tröskel baserad påen viss nivåav mötestiden används för att kategorisera vänskap relationer mellan noder. Resultaten visade att det blir lättare för en lyckad spridning uppnås som den sociala relationen mellan noder blir starkare. Dessutom visar fördröjningen en nedåtgående trend tills den når fördröjningen av en ideal fördelning.
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Chilcote, Jonathan. "Epidemic and Opportunity: American Perceptions of the Spanish Influenza Epidemic." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/39.

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During the final months of the Great War, the loss of human life was not confined to the battlefields of Western Europe. The Spanish influenza virus was rapidly spreading around the globe¸ and would ultimately leave millions dead in its wake. Some American groups, both public and private, saw the pandemic as a blessing in disguise. They interpreted the pandemic as a sign that their work, whether religious, political, commercial, or health, was more vital to the world than ever before. Influenza reinforced their existing beliefs in the rightness and necessity of their causes, and used the pandemic as a call to increase their activities. American missionaries interpreted the pandemic and its spread as a sign of the backwardness of native peoples, and they argued that the United States and Americans had an increased duty after the War and pandemic to help foreign populations with education, sanitation, and religion. For American diplomats, the pandemic was a nuisance to their work of promoting and expanding American trade. Although it devastated societies, it was not destructive to international commerce. It did, though, provide an opportunity for Americans to teach foreign peoples about better health to protect them from future diseases, and to strengthen commercial ties with the rest of the world. The U.S. Government was greatly distracted with the war effort when the epidemic hit, and refused to take it seriously. They appropriated a small amount of money to the United States Public Health Service (PHS) to deal with the epidemic. This appropriation, although small, continued a trend of the federal government becoming more involved in health efforts at the expense of states, and was used as a justification for later federal health initiatives. The PHS actively used the influenza epidemic to push for their own expansion, arguing that their success in combatting influenza showed their merit, and used it to ensure that they would maintain their power and authority after the epidemic ceased. For all of these groups, the Spanish influenza epidemic provided an opportunity for their work, and reinforced their beliefs that their efforts were needed and vital to the nation and world.
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Hjerpe, Adam, and Linus Jägrell. "Epidemic Spreading of Messages." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-129323.

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Rapidly growing popularity of mobile devices such as smartphones and digital tablets has changed the way people obtain information. Cellular and wireless local area networks provide almost ubiquitous connectivity. However, many scenarios threaten to leave us disconnected for extended periods of time. We study how peer-to-peer communication with mobile devices can be used without network infrastructure. With epidemic models for opportunistic content spreading we investigate the performance of such systems and compare them to simulated results. Real life mobility traces are used as a base to simulate how information is spread between the devices and two different types of spreading were studied in more detail. In particular, we investigate how fast a percentage of the total number of devices can receive the information. The results are displayed for the best performing device and indicate that these models does not necessarily have to agree with what actually happens. Nevertheless, we argue that the models provide a good mathematical framework for analyzing systems of this sort and conclude that these models can be extended to incorporate more general assumptions.
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Lloyd, Michael. "Nearest neighbour epidemic processes." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/747.

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Павличева, Світлана Володимирівна, Светлана Владимировна Павлычева, Svitlana Volodymyrivna Pavlycheva, and O. Udoka. "Malaria epidemic in Nigeria." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15950.

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The incidence of malaria is very high in Nigeria due to its tropical location. A number of factors appear to be contributing to the resurgence of malaria: rapid spread of resistance of malaria parasites to chloroquine and the other quinolines; frequent armed conflicts and civil unrest in many countries, forcing large populations to settle under difficult conditions, sometimes in areas of high malaria transmission When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15950
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Clancy, Damian. "Epidemic models in heterogeneous populations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357928.

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McLean, Cory Y. (Cory Yuen Fu). "Epidemic modeling techniques for smallpox." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33148.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-121).
Infectious disease models predict the impact of outbreaks. Discrepancies between model predictions stem from both the disease parameters used and the underlying mathematics of the models. Smallpox has been modeled extensively in recent years to determine successful response guidelines for a future outbreak. Five models, which range in fidelity, were created for this thesis in an attempt to reveal the differences inherent in the mathematical techniques used in the models. The disease parameters were standardized across all models. Predictions for various outbreak scenarios are given, and the strengths and weaknesses of each modeling technique are discussed. The mixing strategy used greatly affects the predictions of the models. The results gathered indicate that mass vaccination should be considered as a primary response technique in the event of a future smallpox outbreak.
by Cory Y. McLean.
M.Eng.
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Ford, Ashley P. "Epidemic models and MCMC inference." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/66495/.

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Statistical inference and model choice for partially observed epidemics provide a variety of challenges both practical and theoretical. This thesis studies some related aspects of models for epidemics and their inference. The use of the matrix exponential to facilitate exact calculations in the General Stochastic Epidemic (GSE) is demonstrated, most usefully in providing the exact marginal likelihood when infection times are unobserved. The bipartite graph epidemic is defined and shown to be a flexible framework which encompasses many existing models. It also provides a way in which a deeper understanding of the relation between existing models could be obtained. The Indian buffet epidemic is introduced as a non-parametric approach to modelling unknown heterogeneous contact structures in epidemics. Inference for the Indian buffet epidemic is a challenging problem, some progress has been made. However the algorithms which have been studied do not yet scale to the size of problem where significant differences from the GSE are apparent. Evidence confirming and demonstrating the importance of understanding the tail behaviour of proposals in importance sampling is presented. The adverse impact of heavy tailed proposals on the Grouped Independence Metropolis-Hastings (GIMH) and Monte Carlo within Metropolis (MCWM) algorithms is demonstrated. A new algorithm, the Kernel Metropolis Hastings (KMH), is proposed as an approximate algorithm for low dimensional marginal inference in situations where the GIMH algorithm fails because of sticking. The KMH is demonstrated on a challenging 2-d problem.
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Pushmina, J. "The world economic crisis “epidemic”." Thesis, Ukrainian Academy of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61316.

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Kostrygin, Anatolii. "Precise Analysis of Epidemic Algorithms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX042/document.

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La dissémination collaborative d'une information d'un agent à tous les autres agents d'un système distribué est un problème fondamental qui est particulièrement important lorsque l'on veut obtenir des algorithmes distribués qui sont à la fois robustes et fonctionnent dans un cadre anonyme, c'est-à-dire sans supposer que les agents possèdent des identifiants distincts connus. Ce problème, connu sous le nom de problème de propagation de rumeur , est à la base de nombreux algorithmes de communication sur des réseaux de capteurs sans-fil [Dimakis et al. (2010)] ou des réseaux mobiles ad-hoc. Il est aussi une brique de base centrale pour de nombreux algorithmes distribués avancés [Mosk-Aoyama et Shah (2008)].Les méthodes les plus connues pour surmonter les défis de robustesse et d'anonymat sont les algorithmes basés sur les ragots ( gossip-based algorithms ), c'est-à-dire sur la paradigme que les agents contact aléatoirement les autres agents pour envoyer ou récupérer l'information. Nousproposons une méthode générale d'analyse de la performance des algorithmes basés sur les ragots dans les graphes complets. Contrairement aux résultats précédents basés sur la structure précise des processus étudiés, notre analyse est basée sur la probabilité et la covariance des évènements correspondants au fait qu'un agent non-informé s'informe. Cette universalité nous permet de reproduire les résultats basiques concernant les protocoles classiques de push, pull et push-pull ainsi qu'analyser les certaines variantions telles que les échecs de communications ou les communications simultanés multiples réalisées par chaque agent. De plus, nous sommescapables d'analyser les certains modèles dynamiques quand le réseaux forme un graphe aléatoire échantillonné à nouveau à chaque étape [Clementi et al. (ESA 2013)]. Malgré sa généralité, notre méthode est simple et précise. Elle nous permet de déterminer l'espérance du temps de la diffusion à une constante additive près, ce qu'il est plus précis que la plupart des résultatsprécédents. Nous montrons aussi que la déviation du temps de la diffusion par rapport à son espérance est inférieure d'une constante r avec la probabilité au moins 1 − exp(Ω(r)).À la fin, nous discutons d'une hypothèse classique que les agents peuvent répondre à plusieurs appels entrants. Nous observons que la restriction à un seul appel entrant par agent provoque une décélération importante du temps de la diffusion pour un protocole de push-pull. En particulier, une phase finale du processus prend le temps logarithmique au lieu du temps double logarithmique. De plus, cela augmente le nombre de messages passés de Θ(n log log n) (valeur optimale selon [Karp et al. (FOCS 2000)]) au Θ(n log n) . Nous proposons une variation simple du protocole de push-pull qui rétablit une phase double logarithmique à nouveau et donc le nombre de messages passés redescend sur sa valeur optimal
Epidemic algorithms are distributed algorithms in which the agents in thenetwork involve peers similarly to the spread of epidemics. In this work, we focus on randomized rumor spreading -- a class of epidemic algorithms based on the paradigm that nodes call random neighbors and exchange information with these contacts. Randomized rumor spreading has found numerous applications from the consistency maintenance of replicated databases to newsspreading in social networks. Numerous mathematical analyses of different rumor spreading algorithms can be found in the literature. Some of them provide extremely sharp estimates for the performance of such processes, but most of them are based on the inherent properties of concrete algorithms.We develop new simple and generic method to analyze randomized rumor spreading processes in fully connected networks. In contrast to all previous works, which heavily exploit the precise definition of the process under investigation, we only need to understand the probability and the covariance of the events that uninformed nodes become informed. This universality allows us to easily analyze the classic push, pull, and push-pull protocols both in their pure version and in several variations such as when messages fail with constant probability or when nodes call a random number of others each round. Some dynamic models can be analyzed as well, e.g., when the network is a random graph sampled independently each round [Clementi et al. (ESA 2013)]. Despite this generality, our method determines the expected rumor spreading time precisely apart from additive constants, which is more precise than almost all previous works. We also prove tail bounds showing that a deviation from the expectation by more than an additive number of r rounds occurs with probability at most exp(−Ω(r)).We further use our method to discuss the common assumption that nodes can answer any number of incoming calls. We observe that the restriction that only one call can be answered leads to a significant increase of the runtime of the push-pull protocol. In particular, the double logarithmic end phase of the process now takes logarithmic time. This also increases the message complexity from the asymptotically optimal Θ(n log log n) [Karp, Shenker, Schindelhauer, Vöcking (FOCS 2000)] to Θ(n log n). We propose a simple variation of the push-pull protocol that reverts back to the double logarithmic end phase and thus to the Θ(n log log n) message complexity
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Books on the topic "Epidemic"

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Lampton, Christopher. Epidemic. Brookfield, CT: Millbrook Press, 1992.

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Trier, Lars von. Epidemic. [Illinois]: Public Media Inc., 2004.

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Ward, Brian R. Epidemic. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000.

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Ward, Brian R. Epidemic. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000.

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Azaceta, Luis Cruz. The AIDS epidemic series =: Serie epidemica del SIDA. New York: Queens Museum of Art, 1990.

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Shaw, Robert. The Epidemic. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Final epidemic. New York: Signet, 2002.

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Engel, Jonathan. The Epidemic. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.

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Mansfield, John. Asthma epidemic. London: Thorsons, 1997.

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Jost, Kenneth. Diabetes Epidemic. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqresrre20010309.

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Book chapters on the topic "Epidemic"

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Nahler, Gerhard. "epidemic." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 66. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_495.

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya, et al. "Epidemic." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1354. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3628.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Epidemic." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 891. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13680.

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Quarteroni, Alfio. "Epidemic." In Algorithms for a New World, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96166-4_1.

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Song, Wenyan, and Xing Wang. "Epidemic Parotitis." In Radiology of Infectious Diseases: Volume 1, 115–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9882-2_16.

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Swishchuk, Anatoly, and Jianhong Wu. "Epidemic Models." In Evolution of Biological Systems in Random Media: Limit Theorems and Stability, 87–115. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1506-5_3.

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Hannon, Bruce, and Matthias Ruth. "Epidemic Modeling." In Dynamic Modeling, 212–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0211-7_19.

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Hannon, Bruce, and Matthias Ruth. "Epidemic Modeling." In Dynamic Modeling, 129–31. New York, NY: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0224-7_17.

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Vermund, Sten H. "HIV Epidemic." In Challenges in Infectious Diseases, 3–46. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4496-1_1.

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Brauer, Fred, Carlos Castillo-Chavez, and Zhilan Feng. "Epidemic Models." In Texts in Applied Mathematics, 117–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9828-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Epidemic"

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Schwartz, Ira B., and Lora Billings. "Stochastic epidemic outbreaks: why epidemics are like lasers." In Second International Symposium on Fluctuations and Noise, edited by Zoltan Gingl. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.547642.

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Tareq HAMMOODI, Zeyad. "CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVD 19) BETWEEN SHARIA AND MEDICINE." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-7.

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The Corona epidemic is a wide group of viruses that include viruses that can cause a group of illnesses in humans, ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome, as there is no definitive and specific treatment for the epidemic. The medicines used are helpful and supportive, and they mostly aim to reduce the patient’s temperature with the use of pulmonary resuscitation devices, as the body’s resistance depends on autoimmunity, as it is the main factor in preventing this epidemic, and here we must know the role of medical and forensic scholars in preventing and treating With what appears from this epidemic and other epidemics, we do not know when and how they will appear to the world. The emergence of this disease is an extension of several diseases before it and the so-called (contemporary diseases), which are contagious communicable diseases, including bird flonza disease, swine flonza, sass and AIDS, mad cow disease, Ebola, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, yellow fever, and many others These diseases are epidemic.
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Taylor, Nicholas, Jennifer Jenson, and Suzanne de Castell. "Epidemic." In the International Academic Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1920778.1920794.

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Öksüz, Hatice. "Measures Against the Pandemic as the Panoptical Eye of the Power: The Example of Coronavirus Pandemic." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.019.

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Epidemics threatened the daily life activities of human societies in certain periods of history. Epidemic diseases, known as disasters that resulted in the death of millions of people, have always been issues that occupy humanity, to be detected from the moment they emerged and to seek solutions to end the epidemic. Having knowledge means having power. Therefore, the easiest way to retain information is through surveillance. Considering the history of epidemic diseases, it is seen that surveillance practices are frequently used. In the information society that emerged with new communication technologies, it is seen that individuals voluntarily participate in surveillance and the walls of the prison have changed by demolishing. Covid-19, which rapidly increased in coronavirus cases and turned into a global epidemic, is known to increase the use of surveillance practices by all states globally to control the epidemic. Fear of the epidemic in societies has become considerable than the privacy of personal data, and their voluntary participation in these practices has been a matter of concern. This consent-based process brings with it criticisms of legitimizing the surveillance society, which has been at the center of discussions since the past. Surveillance played an important role in the rise of totalitarian regimes. The legitimacy of a supervised social structure will accelerate the rise of totalitarian regimes, depriving people of living in an unlimited but self- controlled prison.
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Pinto, Conrado C., and Daniel R. Figueiredo. "Identifying Asymptomatic Nodes in Network Epidemics using Betweenness Centrality." In Workshop em Desempenho de Sistemas Computacionais e de Comunicação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wperformance.2024.2414.

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Epidemics of certain viruses in a population can have major impact effects, as is the case in the recent global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. Identifying infected individuals during the course of an epidemic is extremely important for measuring spread and designing more effective control measures. However, in some epidemics infected individuals do not exhibit clear symptoms despite being infected and contributing to the contagion of others (called asymptomatic). This work addresses the problem of identifying asymptomatic individuals in network epidemics based on the observation of infected (symptomatic) individuals. The main contribution of this work is the evaluation of different centrality measures to identify asymptomatic individuals when a fraction of the infected nodes in a network epidemic is observed at a given moment in time. In particular, a variation of the betweenness centrality measure is proposed in this work. An evaluation using different network models and different asymptomatic rates shows that the proposed centrality measure outperforms other centrality measures in many scenarios. Furthermore, the performance of centrality measures increases as the fraction of asymptomatic decreases, showing an interesting trade-off.
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Li, Yunna. "Impact of inter-city population mobility and public transportation policies on infectious epidemics." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/aoto6191.

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This study takes the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020 as the research object, and obtains the population outflow data of Wuhan from January 1 to February 1, 2020 based on the Baidu Migration Big Data system, and compares the data on the number of epidemics in each city published on the official website, studies the relevance of population movement between cities and epidemic infection, and analyzes the role of policy-oriented epidemic control by controlling public transportation during special periods of infectious diseases. The results show that the spread of the infectious epidemic between cities in the early outbreak stage is strongly correlated with the population outflow from the source city of the infection. After the traffic connection is cut off in the later stage, it is more related to crowd gathering and prevention and control measures; During the special epidemic period, we should not blindly advocate the “public transportation priority” policy. We should distinguish between passenger and freight transportation, formulate rough rules at the inter-regional and intra-city traffic levels, and specify corresponding safeguards under the framework of the “Healthy City”.
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A. Costa Jr., Jorge, Amanda C. Martinez, and José C. Geromel. "On an Alternative Susceptible-Infected-Removed Epidemic Model in Discrete-time." In Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.995.

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This paper presents a new probabilistic dynamic model of the SIR class that describes, with appropriate precision, the temporal behavior of epidemics in discrete-time. Determination of the set of invariance and convergence conditions towards equilibrium are established. For numerical analysis, data of daily number of new diagnosed cases provided by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and World Health Organization of COVID-19 epidemic that currently occurs in Brazil is used. Illustrations and model prediction analysis are provided and discussed from full data of Italy, a country where the epidemic has already ended. The same ideas used on the development of the proposed model formulated in discrete-time may be adopted for continuous-time modelling as well. Three different and complementary strategies for parameter identification using the daily data available are considered.
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Rojas Duque, Luz, and José Cardona Toro. "El modelo casos y controles para una epidemia llamada matemáticas básicas." In Advances in Statistics Education: Developments, Experiences, and Assessments. International Association for Statistical Education, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.15212.

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El fracaso de los estudiantes que llegan al primer semestre de las carreras universitarias en Colombia se ha vuelto una epidemia, pues estos jóvenes presentan problemas conceptuales muy grandes en aritmética y álgebra, ocasionando con ello una enorme deserción, El presente trabajo muestra mediante un modelo epidemiológico de casos y controles la gravedad de este problema. Se tomaron para ello datos reales de las universidades de la región cafetera y se proponen al final estrategias que han demostrado reducir esta epidemia. The failure of students arriving to the first semester of university courses in Colombia has become an epidemic, as these young people have very large conceptual problems in arithmetic and algebra, thereby causing a huge desertion this paper shows by an epidemiological model the seriousness of this problem. It takes real data from universities in the coffee region and intend to end strategies that have been shown to reduce this epidemic.
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Shalak, Alexander. "The Extrapolation of Experience Neutralization Epidemic Diseases in the 1940s. On the Coronavirus in Modern Russia (on the Example of the Irkutsk Region)." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.11.

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The purpose of this article is to understand the historical experience of the Soviet state in neutralizing epidemic diseases during the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period. Extrapolation of this experience to the current situation associated with the coronavirus epidemic makes it possible to understand the complex of required measures for the successful neutralization of such diseases. It was in the 1940s that, despite the critical situation in the social sphere, it was possible not only to prevent mass epidemics in the Irkutsk region, but also to reduce mortality in comparison with the pre-war period. Effective public management was the main factor in the successful solution of problems in this area.
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Pajevic, Ljubica, Gunnar Karlsson, and Ólafur Helgason. "Epidemic content distribution." In MSWiM '13: 16th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2507924.2507998.

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Reports on the topic "Epidemic"

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Scofield, Thomas C., Elizabeth Walter, and Samuel J. Livingstone. Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance (EOS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada483621.

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Barnett, Michael, Greg Buchak, and Constantine Yannelis. Epidemic Responses Under Uncertainty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27289.

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Bongaarts, John, Thomas Buettner, Gerhard Heilig, and Francois Pelletier. Has the HIV epidemic peaked? Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy3.1003.

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Bombardt, Jr, and John N. Synopsis of Epidemic Modeling Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460299.

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Vandenbroucke, Guillaume. Endogenous Social Distancing in an Epidemic. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2020.013.

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Birinci, Serdar, Kurt See, Fatih Karahan, and Yusuf Mercan. Labor Market Policies During an Epidemic. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2020.024.

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Ito, Takatoshi. Japanization: Is it Endemic or Epidemic? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21954.

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Ruhm, Christopher. Taking the Measure of a Fatal Drug Epidemic. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22504.

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Bloom, David, and Ajay Mahal. Does the AIDS Epidemic Really Threaten Economic Growth? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5148.

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Sandy, Robert, Gilbert Liu, John Ottensmann, Rusty Tchernis, Jeffrey Wilson, and O. T. Ford. Studying the Child Obesity Epidemic With Natural Experiments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14989.

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