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Academic literature on the topic 'EPICENTRAL DISTANCE'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "EPICENTRAL DISTANCE"

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Liang, Haian, Li Ping Jing, Ze Ping Yang, and Yong Qiang Li. "Effects of Epicentral Distance and Seismogenic Fault Distance on Seismic Damage of Dams in Wenchuan Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2187.

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Epicentral distance and seismogeonic fault distances as crucial ground motion parameters of attenuation relationship are widely accepted indexes for rapid assessment of seismic scenario. Based on the geographical information of 379 heavily damaged dams in Wenchuan Earthquake, 2008, China, the distribution of damaged dams is analyzed statistically. Specifically, the correlation of damage rate & epicentral distance and that of damage proportion & seismogenic fault distance are compared, and corresponding equations are developed respectively using least square methods. The investigation shows that there exists a closer relationship between seismic damage and seismogenic fault distance than between damage and epicentral distance for Wenchuan earthquake. It is concluded that the index of seismogenic fault distance is more applicable to large earthquake, while Epicentral distance is a more accurate index for small and mid-level earthquakes.
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Shayakubova, M. "ESTIMATES OF EPICENTRAL DISTANCE AND MAGNITUDE FROM ONE SEISMIC STATION." Journal of Science and Innovative Development 5, no. 5 (September 21, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2022-5-3.

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Rapid assessment of epicentral distance and magnitude has fundamental importance for earthquake early detection and warning systems. We present a new method for estimating the epicentral distance using one seismic record in short time. To quantify the difference in the observed seismic signals, we introduced a simple function of the form Bt•exp(-At) and determined A and B from the point of view of the least squares method, fitting this function to the initial part of the signal envelope. We found that log B is inversely proportional to log Δ , where Δ represents the epicentral distance. This ratio is valid regardless of the magnitude of the earthquake. Using this ratio, we can estimate approximate epicentral distance almost immediately after the arrival of the P-wave. Then we can easily estimate the magnitude from the maximum amplitude observed during a given short time interval after the arrival of the P-wave, using the empirical magnitude-amplitude ratio, which includes the epicentral distance as a parameter.
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Nelson, J. L., and M. s. De Assumpção. "Curva de Amplitude-Distância para Ondas P de Período Curto e Correção de Estação para Magnitude Mb na América do Sul." Brazilian Journal of Geophysics 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/brjg.v12i1.2285.

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Amplitudes de ondas P, de período curto de sismos rasos registrados por estações na faixa de distância epicentral de 0° - 100°, são analisadas para a determinação dos efeitos de estação, de fonte e de distância. 56 sismos foram utilizados, 12 dos quais com epicentros no território brasileiro. As correções de estações são estimadas com limites de confiança de 95%. Os resultados mostram que o padrão das isolinhas dos efeitos de estação difere do padrão para a América do Norte. Uma curva de amplitude-distância é determinada para intervalos de 5º de distância epicentral. Essa curva indica que os efeitos de distância entre 20° e 80° não são significativos, isto é, não há desvio significativo em relação a um efeito constante nessa faixa. A curva de amplitude-distância obtida é menos irregular que a de Gutenberg-Richter. Esse resultado concorda com estudos similares de outros autores.Short Period P-Wave Amplitude-Distance Curve and Station Correction For Mb Magnitude in South America Vertical short period P-waves amplitudes from shallow earthquakes recorded by stations in the epicentral distance range 0° - 100° are analysed to determine the station, source and distance effects. 56 earthquakes were used, 12 of which having epicenters in Brazilian territory. Station corrections are estimated with 95% confidence limits. The results show that the station effect isolines pattern is different from the pattern for North America. An amplitude-distance curve is derived for 5° distance intervals. This curve indicates that distance effects between 20 and 80° are not significant, i.eThere is no significant deviation from a constant effect in this range. The amplitude-distance curve obtained here is less irregular than the Gutenberg-Richter's curve. This result is in agreement with similar studies of other authors.
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Gupta, I. D., and M. D. Trifunac. "Attenuation of intensity with epicentral distance in India." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 7, no. 3 (July 1988): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-7261(88)80020-4.

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Pirli, M., E. Pirlis, and N. Voulgaris. "Mislocation vectors for the Tripoli seismic array, Greece, and structural effect implications from backazimuth and slowness residual analysis." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16876.

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Tripoli Seismic Array, Greece, performance in terms of event location is restricted by its very small aperture and limited number of sensors. Detailed investigation of errors in automatic location results suggests structural and local geology effects. In order to investigate the possibility to correct for systematic errors automatically, mis location vectors were calculated for an extended data-set. Theoretical values were calculated based on earthquake catalogues compiled by the National Observatory of Athens and the ISC. Resulting mis location vectors are characterized by significant vector length, consistent with the large observed backazimuth and slowness residuals, the smaller values being met in the area NE of the array and for epicentral distance values less than 200 km. As expected, resulting corrections mostly concern backazimuth values and are not able to sufficiently affect the final epicentre solution, as the largest automatic algorithm errors are observed in epicentral distance determination. However, the possibility to automatically correct for systematic deviations is verified, and future research with an extended array configuration is expected to provide clearer results, due to significantly lower scatter.
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Su, Feng, John G. Anderson, James N. Brune, and Yuehua Zeng. "A comparison of direct S-wave and coda-wave site amplification determined from aftershocks of the Little Skull Mountain earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 4 (August 1, 1996): 1006–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860041006.

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Abstract Site amplifications of direct S waves and coda waves are studied and compared using high-quality, three-component digital data from aftershocks of the Little Skull Mountain, Neveda, earthquake. We use data from 12 stations installed on a variety of geological and topographic site conditions, distributed widely in space with different azimuths and epicentral distances. S-wave site amplifications are obtained in the frequency range from about 0.5 to over 30 Hz, while coda-wave site amplifications are obtained in a frequency range from about 1.5 to over 30 Hz. A thorough statistical analysis of these results was performed. We find that (1) for S waves, all three components at a station follow a similar frequency-dependent trend. The amplitudes of the two horizontal components match more closely, while the vertical component shows consistently lower amplification than the horizontal components at low frequencies. (2) For coda waves, all three components share both similar frequency-dependent trends and amplification level. (3) S-wave and coda-wave site amplification are consistent for stations with epicentral distance greater than about 10 km (which is about the average focal depth of the earthquakes we used). Within the epicentral distance of 10 km, however, some stations show discordant S-wave and coda-wave site amplifications. Possible factors are that the direct S waves are affected by particular wave propagation paths and that at short distance SV is partitioned with more energy on the horizontal components and less on the vertical components than at larger distances.
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Keers, H., G. Nolet, and F. A. Dahlen. "Ray theoretical analysis of Lg." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 3 (June 1, 1996): 726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860030726.

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Abstract Ray theory is used to investigate the effect that irregular crustal interfaces have on the different phases that comprise Lg. We concentrate on the effects of a variable Moho in this initial study, while keeping the surface flat. The Moho models considered are a cosinusoid, a model of the Moho below the German part of the European Geo-Traverse (EGT) and a model representing an ocean-continent transition. It is found that even slight undulations of the Moho give rise to extensive multipathing. This affects the amplitudes of the supercritically reflected crustal multiples comprising Lg in a dramatic way. Two different types of ray behavior are distinguished. The first type, corresponding to regular or weakly chaotic ray behavior, occurs at smaller values of the ray parameter and gives rise to large amplitudes at distinct epicentral distances due to focusing, accompanied by “gaps” containing very little energy due to defocusing in between. The second type, corresponding to strongly chaotic ray behavior, occurs at larger values of the ray parameter. Small changes in the take-off angle in this chaotic regime produce large fluctuations in the epicentral distance of arrivals. The Moho below Germany, for example, produces 140 supercritically reflected arrivals at an epicentral distance of 400 km. Since the amplitudes of arrivals in the chaotic region are smeared out over a large epicentral distance range, they are much less prominent than the arrivals from the regular region, even though they are supercritically reflected. Travel-time fluctuations are less sensitive to the undulations in the Moho than amplitude variations. They are more affected by the magnitude than by the wavelength of the undulations. Amplitude undulations of more than 3 km produce multiple arrivals that have differences in travel time of up to 10 sec.
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Xu, Qin, Shaofeng Chai, Shihu Zhou, Liqun Bao, and Quan Li. "Time-Frequency Characteristics of Ground Motion and Seismic Response Analysis of Typical Structures in the Yangbi Earthquake in Yunnan Province." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9998019.

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The ground motion records obtained by the CDSMON during the Ms6.4 earthquake in Yangbi, Yunnan Province, on May 21, 2021, were subjected to routine processing such as baseline correction and filtering. The nonstationary time-frequency characteristics of ground motion signals were analysed by the wavelet transform, and the acceleration response spectrum characteristics of typical stations under different epicentral distances, magnitudes, and site conditions were analysed. Finite element software was used to establish a model to analyse the seismic response of a typical three-span continuous beam bridge. The maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) of this earthquake (720.29 gal) was obtained from 53YBX in the NS direction at the epicentral distance of 8.6 km. The energy at station 53YBX was mainly concentrated in 0–15 Hz range, and the low-frequency component energy caused great damage to buildings with natural frequencies in this frequency band. The Sa value near the origin of the earthquake is relatively large, as the distance from the epicentre increases, the predominant period of Sa also gradually increases, and the high-frequency component diminishes. With the increase in earthquake magnitude, the Sa peak increased, and the long-period component became more obvious. The soil station had more obvious long-period components than the bedrock station, which is consistent with the amplification result of the response spectrum of overburden thickness to surface acceleration. The earthquake had little influence on the pier displacement of the three-span continuous beam bridge with a fundamental period of 0.77 s but had a great influence on the bending moment at the bottom of the piers.
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Muratov, Pavel, Oleg Rulenko, and Yuriy Marapulets. "Manifestation features of near-surface sedimentary rock electric and acoustic responses on seismic waves from earthquakes." E3S Web of Conferences 127 (2019): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912702015.

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The results of analysis of near-surface sedimentary rock electric and acoustic responses on seismic waves from five Kamchatka earthquakes with the magnitudes of 4.9 – 7.3 at the distances of 79 – 498 km from epicenters are presented. Manifestation features of these responses, depending upon earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, source depth and direction to an epicenter, are considered.
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Casado, C. L. "Attenuation of Intensity with Epicentral Distance in the Iberian Peninsula." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 90, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0119980116.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EPICENTRAL DISTANCE"

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KUMAR, RAJESH. "DETERMINATION OF K-T PARAMETERS USING BUTTERWORTH FILTER." Thesis, 2013. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14200.

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The spectral content and duration of some major Indian earthquake time-histories or strong-motion accelerogramshave been studied with an aim of quantifying the uncertainty of ground motion. Ground motions are characterized by Kanai-Tajimiparameters based on spectral density function which has been computed using Butterworth filter. Parameters are estimated for each record based on the method of spectral moments. The statistics and dependencies of the parameters are evaluated, and in particular, correlations between the Kanai-Tajimi parameters, maximum ground acceleration, epicentral distance, and magnitude of earthquake are investigated. The estimated parameters by using correlation can be used for purposes during seismic consideration of design.
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Book chapters on the topic "EPICENTRAL DISTANCE"

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"epicentral distance." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 476. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_51379.

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Grandori, G., F. Perotti, and A. Tagliani. "On the Attenuation of Macroseismic Intensity with Epicentral Distance." In Ground Motion and Engineering Seismology, 581–94. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-98956-7.50043-x.

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Zverovich, Vadim. "Emergency Response: Navigable Networks and Optimal Routing in Hazardous Indoor Environments." In Modern Applications of Graph Theory, 109–212. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856740.003.0003.

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The extreme importance of emergency response in complex buildings during natural and human-induced disasters has been widely acknowledged. This chapter studies algorithms for safest routes and balanced routes in buildings where an extreme event with many epicentres is occurring. In a balanced route, a trade-off between route length and hazard proximity is made. Another algorithm is proposed for finding the optimal indoor routes for search and rescue teams. This is based on a novel approach integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the propagation of hazard and other techniques, and where three criteria are used: hazard proximity, distance/travel time, and route complexity. The important feature of the algorithm is its ability to generate an optimal route depending on the user’s needs. Finally, a novel automated construction of the Variable Density Network (VDN) for determining egress paths in dangerous environments is discussed.
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Heron, Mal. "Detection and Warning of Tsunamis Generated by Marine Landslides." In Landslides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99914.

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Seismic signals provide an effective early detection of tsunamis that are generated by earthquakes, and for epicentres in the hard-rock subduction zones there is a robust analysis procedure that uses a global network of seismometers. For earthquakes with epicentres in soft layers in the upper subduction zones the processes are slower and the seismic signals have lower frequencies. For these soft-rock earthquakes a given earthquake magnitude can produce a bigger tsunami amplitude than the same earthquake magnitude in a hard rock rupture. Numerical modelling for the propagation from earthquake-generated tsunamis can predict time of arrivals at distant coastal impact zones. A global network of deep-water pressure sensors is used to detect and confirm tsunamis in the open ocean. Submarine landslide and coastal collapse tsunamis, meteo-tsunamis, and other disturbances with no significant seismicity must rely on the deep-water pressure sensors and HF radar for detection and warning. Local observations by HF radar at key impact sites detect and confirm tsunami time and amplitude in the order of 20–60 minutes before impact. HF radar systems that were developed for mapping the dynamics of coastal currents have demonstrated a capability to detect tsunamis within about 80 km of the coast and where the water depth is less than 200 m. These systems have now been optimised for tsunami detection and some installations are operating continuously to provide real-time data into tsunami warning centres. The value of a system to warn of hazards is realised only when coastal communities are informed and aware of the dangers.
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Conference papers on the topic "EPICENTRAL DISTANCE"

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Chen, Yanjun, Yuwen Cao, Lanxin Zhu, Wenbo Wang, Yan He, Huimin Huang, Xiangdong Ma, and Zhengbin Li. "A Bias-instability-enhanced Dual-polarization Fiber-optic Gyroscope for Precision Measurement." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2023.jtu2a.30.

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A dual-polarization fiber-optic gyroscope with a delay coil is realized. The bias instability reaches 5 × 10 -6 °/h. An earthquake with an epicentral distance of 4200 km has been recorded, indicating the ability for precision measurement.
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Kim, Gwantae, Bonhwa Ku, Yuanming Li, Jeongki Min, Jimin Lee, and Hanseok Ko. "Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Earthquake Epicentral Distance Estimation Using Single-Channel Seismic Waveform." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323360.

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Yu, Chiu Hsien, Tomoe Oikawa, Wataru Miyazaki, Takeo Kondo, Kazukiyo Yamamoto, and Kazuya Egami. "An Experimental Study on the Waterway Rescue System for Natural Disasters in the Tokyo Metropolis." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49858.

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When the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake struck Japan in 1995, water transportation effectively supported rescue operations. Subsequently, Tokyo metropolitan government created a plan for a series of disaster relief piers in preparation for the Tokyo Metropolitan Epicentral Earthquake. In this study, we carried out field surveys for nine disaster relief piers which were established by the Japanese government, the Tokyo metropolitan government, and the wards in Tokyo, in order to find out issues of disaster relief piers for wheelchair users in case of a disaster. In the surveys, we checked the actual conditions of barrier-free implementation of the disaster relief piers, and analyzed the accessibility from the shelters to the disaster relief piers in terms of the shortest distance and travel time. As a result, we elucidated various mobility barriers for wheelchair users when they evacuate to the disaster relief piers.
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Buddee, Samard. "Seismic Performance Evaluation of an Existing Vertical Irregularity Reinforced Concrete Building using Nonlinear Time-history Analysis." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1387.

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<p>On 5th May 2014, the Mw 6,1 Mae Lao earthquake occurred at a depth of approximately 6 km in the northern Thai province of Chiang Rai, which caused extensive damage to the community, and spread to Bangkok, an epicentral distance of 670 km, where tall buildings swayed. This paper evaluates the seismic performance of an existing 26-storey reinforced concrete (RC) building with vertical irregularity located in Bangkok, Thailand. The understanding gained from this evaluation can be used to propose effective control measures for similar existing high-rise RC buildings. As the building was constructed in 1990, the structure no longer meets the new Thai regulation. As a result, the building may have sustained significant damage, and an assessment had to be conducted according to the Thai Ministerial Regulation B.E. 2564 (2021). A seismic safety evaluation was applied by using the nonlinear time-history analysis (NLTHA) which was performed by the software ETABS 18.1.1.</p>
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Yazdi, Pouye, Jorge Miguel Gaspar Escribano, and Miguel Angel Santoyo. "STRESS TRANSFERE AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF 2012 AHAR-VARZEGHAN SEISMIC SEQUNCE, NORTHWESTERN IRAN." In 1st Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2017.2017.6662.

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In 11 of August 2012, two destructive earthquakes with Mw= 6.4 and 6.2 occurred between cities Ahar and Varzeghan (Northwest Iran). They had a close epicentral distance of 6 Km and also had a short time lag of 11 minutes. Following that, a high-rate of aftershock activity began where during the first month more than 2000 events (M≥0.7) affected several villages in the area. The seismic released energy induced significant damage and losses in an extensive zone. Right after the seismic doublet occurrence, a surface rupture with a primarily east-west orientation was observed. The idea of having an almost vertically dipped fault plane for the first shock is more consistent with the trace of the upper edge on the surface and the focal mechanism solutions which propose a steady dipping EW. Previous studies propose different geometries for the generating faults of the second earthquake. In this study, we associate the surface rupture with the first mainshock and both nodal plane explaining the relationship between the two main seismic events are discussed after Coulomb failure stress calculation due to the first shock. Then the stress transfer because of the doublet is analyzed in order to determine its consistency with the statistical modeling prediction for the aftershock population and spatial distribution. For statistical modeling a temporal version of Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) is applied on one-year seismicity including events with minimum magnitude of 2.5.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6662
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Stanko, Davor, Tvrtko Korbar, Jakov Stanislav Uglešić, Iva Lončar, Mario Gazdek, and Snježana Markušić. "EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL SITE EFFECTS OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE OLD CITY OF DUBROVNIK (CROATIA)." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.35.

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The most seismically active region in Adriatic part of Croatia is the SE coastal region that have numerous cultural heritage sites. Therefore, it is important to estimate seismic risk for cultural heritage sites and to develop procedures for seismic risk assessment. These are the goals of the research project Seismic Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Croatia (SeisRICHerCRO) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. Local site effects, a known problem in earthquake engineering, play significant role in earthquake damage distribution. The old town of Dubrovnik is particularly vulnerable in terms of local site effects because the old city is built on three geomorphological and geological entities: southern bedrock ridge, central filled and flattened part (former sea embayment), and northern bedrock ridge. Apart from the last devastating historical earthquake in Dubrovnik area in 1667 of M~7), instrumentally recorded strong earthquake on 15 April 1979 M6.8 with mainshock at the epicentral distance of 105 km from Dubrovnik caused strong damage effects in the wider Dubrovnik area (intensity of VII °MSK) with incalculable damage to cultural and historical objects the old town Dubrovnik The main aim of this study is mapping of local site effects variations in the old city of Dubrovnik using old investigation data as a starting point from 1980’s, after 1979 Reconstruction of Dubrovnik. Data quality and spatial uncertainty brough by older equipment used in 1980’s compared to using novel and sophisticated geophysical research methods followed by new geological investigations will significantly improve planning and reconstruction of Dubrovnik following new microzonation maps. Definition of the seismicity and variations of the local site conditions are one of the inevitable phases of the complex process of repair and strengthening of existing structures in the old town Dubrovnik together with design seismic parameters and the seismic risk level of building inventory as a basis to define the necessary preventive measures against expected strong earthquakes in the future.
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Svetlitskaya, T., N. Konstantinovskaya, T. Danilova, S. Volosov, and S. Tarasov. "ONE OF THE POSSIBLE APPROACHES TO THE DISCRIMINATION OF SEISMIC EVENTS IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PLATFORM." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2597.s-n_history_2021_44/142-148.

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A method of data interpretation based on the ratio of spectral amplitudes is proposed, which can be applied as one of the possible approaches, not only as an explosion/earthquake discriminant, but also for confident identification of the analyzed explosion belonging to a specific quarry. The possibility of applying the criterion associated with a change in the trend sign lg(P(f)/Lg(f)) with an increase in frequency is considered for identifying seismic events recorded by the unique scientific installation of the IDG RAS by the small-aperture seismological group of the MSG "Mikhnevo" occurring in the central part of the East European Platform. Studies have been conducted on the possibility of reliable interpretation of seismic data with a small magnitude threshold, of the order of ML=1.5, in order to identify errors in the recognition of explosion/earthquake signals. The results of the application of this technique for the analysis of wave forms obtained from both regional earthquakes and quarry explosions for various epicentral distances recorded at the MSG "Mikhnevo" are described.
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Kuźniar, Krystyna, and Tadeusz Tatara. "IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF EPICENTRE DISTANCES AND ENERGIES OF MINING SHOCKS ON THE TRANSMISSION OF FREE-FIELD VIBRATIONS TO THE BUILDING FOUNDATIONS." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5750.17189.

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Petrovic, Bojana, Chiara Scaini, and Stefano Parolai. "DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FOR RAPID RESPONSE: THE CENTRAL ITALY 2016 M6 EVENT." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.56.

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In case of a seismic event, building damage is one of the causes of casualties. For this reason, the rapid estimation of expected structural damage in near-real time is of greatest importance to improve and support rapid response life-saving actions of emergency managers. Within this framework, we have developed the Damage Assessment for Rapid Response method that allows us to estimate the expected damage by using earthquake recordings in real or near-real time, and the knowledge of the fundamental frequency and the damping of the building. We simulate the linear dynamic behavior of buildings in a first order approximation as single-degree-of-freedom oscillators. We are not interested in a precise reconstruction of the dynamic behavior including the non-linear one, but in the exceeding of the relative displacement of predefined damage thresholds. The relative displacement at the top of the buildings is compared with damage thresholds defined in literature for different building typologies to assess the expected damage. The method can be applied to single buildings or building typologies in target areas using earthquake recordings of sensors installed at the basement or on the soil. In this study, we show the estimation of the expected damage for the dominant building typologies (low to mid-rise unreinforced masonry and low to high-rise reinforced concrete buildings) for four selected target areas (Amatrice, Norcia, Sulmona and Visso) for the M6 August 24 event of the Central Italy 2016-2017 seismic sequence. The considered towns are located at diverse epicentral distances and are characterized by different building typologies for which varying damage patterns have been observed. The fundamental frequencies are estimated using specific building-soil period-height relationships obtained from empirical measurements. The expected damage is compared with the observed one for the dominant building typologies and is in accordance with it for most of the considered building typologies in the four target areas.
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Reports on the topic "EPICENTRAL DISTANCE"

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Lamontagne, M. Focal depth of earthquakes of the St. Lawrence Valley based on crustal phases recorded within 100 km epicentral distance. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/299138.

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Lamontagne, M. Développement d'un système d'alerte précoce pour les tremblements de terre du Québec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328951.

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Several regions of the world already have or are in the process of developing an early warning system (EWS) for earthquakes. As is well known, earthquakes cannot be predicted in the short term. However, an EWS is based on the principle that when a strong earthquake occurs, the initial seismic waves detected by seismographs near the epicentre can be quickly analysed. Once analyzed automatically, an alarm signal can be sent to more distant areas before damaging seismic waves arrive. This alert can then be used to take action before the seismic waves arrive (such as stopping industrial activities for example). In Canada, these technologies are being developed for the Pacific region and Eastern Canada. Quebec is particularly interesting because earthquakes of magnitude 5 are felt at great distances, which increases the warning time when an earthquake occurs. Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) will lead this initiative, in partnership with provincial collaborators. The private sector will also be involved through the development of software and applications. NRCan is therefore reaching out to potential partners in such an earthquake warning system.
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Farahbod, A., and J. F. Cassidy. Spatial and temporal variations in seismic coda Q attenuation in the lower St. Lawrence region, southeastern Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332027.

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We investigate seismic attenuation characteristics of the Lower St. Lawrence seismic zone in southeastern Quebec. This zone is located ~400 km downstream from Quebec City and is between the Quebec North Shore and the Lower St. Lawrence. We used earthquake recordings from 5 broadband and 5 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 847 earthquakes recorded between 1985 and 2022 with magnitudes ranging from 2.0 to 5.1, depths from 0 to 30 km and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 446 high signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N?5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that the lowest overall average of Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) values are at the three stations (GSQ, ICQ and SMQ) within 100 km of a moderate earthquake of mN 5.1 in 1999 (e.g., Q0 of 81, 88 and 80, respectively). We determined temporal variations in attenuation following the 1999 earthquake. The overall average of Q0 decreased from 87 (before the mainshock) to 77 (GSQ, D=96 km), from 92 to 85 (ICQ, D=69 km) and from 88 to 82 (SMQ, D=73 km). These results are in agreement with global studies that show a decrease in Q0 following a significant earthquake, (e.g., M &amp;gt; 5) likely the result of increased fracturing and fluids in the epicentral region. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 86f1.07 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.
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4

Farahbod, A. M., and J. F. Cassidy. An overview of seismic attenuation in the Eastern Canadian Arctic and the Hudson Bay Complex, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nunavut, Ontario, and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330396.

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In this study we investigated coda-wave attenuation (QC) from the eastern Canadian Arctic in Nunavut and the Hudson Bay complex including portions of northern Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Labrador. We used earthquake recordings from 15 broadband and 3 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN) and 29 broadband stations of the POLARIS network across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 637 earthquakes recorded between 1985 and 2021 with magnitudes ranging from 1.3 to 6.1, depths from 0 to 20 km and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 246 high signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N[lesser/equal]5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that in the northern section of the study area, the highest Q0 values (e.g., Q0 of 110 and 112) are at station POIN and station RES, respectively, which are located in the older Archean province. The lowest Q0 values that we find (e.g., Q0 of 55 and 61) are at station AKVQ and IVKQ respectively, located in northern Quebec. Smaller Q0 values for stations in the south are explained by the younger age of the rocks and proximity to the main fault systems. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 82f1.08 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.
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5

Farahbod, A. M., and J. F. Cassidy. An overview of seismic attenuation in the Northern Appalachians Seismic Zone, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329702.

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In this study we investigated coda-wave attenuation (QC) from the northern Appalachian region of eastern Canada in the two provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. We used earthquake recordings from 8 broadband and 2 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 476 earthquakes recorded between 1983 and 2021 with magnitudes ranging from 1.5 to 4.1, depths from 0 to 20 km (with the vast majority being &amp;lt;10 km) and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 261 high signalto- noise (S/N) traces (S/N greater than or equal to 5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that in the northern New Brunswick, the lowest Q0 values (e.g., Q0 of 61) are at station KLN which is the closest station to the epicenter of the 1982 Miramichi earthquake (M 5.8). The highest Q0 values that we find (e.g., Q0 of 178) are at station GGN, located in the southern New Brunswick. Smaller Q0 values for stations in the north (closer to the Charlevoix-Kamouraska seismic zone or Miramichi source area) is explained by Jin and Aki's (1988) finding that Q0 is lower in the vicinity of large earthquakes. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 99f0.96 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.
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