Academic literature on the topic 'Ephemeral work'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Davis, Rosemary K. J. "Ephemeral/Material." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 36, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-9349469.
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Abstract This piece examines the transfer of Barbara Hammer's archive to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. The archivist working with the collection highlights the complex emotions involved with this process and reflects on how her own archival work was influenced by Hammer.
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Jung, Sandro. "Ephemeral Spenser." Eighteenth-Century Life 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 78–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8218613.
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This essay approaches Edmund Spenser’s Renaissance masterpiece, The Faerie Queene, through a hitherto unknown series of twenty-four vignette illustrations that the eighteenth-century painter and book illustrator, Thomas Stothard, contributed to the nowadays little-known annual, The Royal Engagement Pocket Atlas, in 1794. Apart from making sense of Stothard’s visual interpretation of Spenser’s romance, the article will pay attention to how the painter creates an anthological miniature gallery of moments with which the users of the pocket diary may have been familiar. In other words, these vignettes may have conveyed mnemonically a prior reading experience of The Faerie Queene or have stimulated recall of other engagements with the moments represented. Understanding Stothard’s illustrations as iconic interventions in the reception history of Spenser’s work that, by being included in a disposable, annual pocket diary, were significantly more ephemeral than illustrations issued as part of an edition, I shall investigate how Stothard mediates the text by providing textual excerpts and how these one-line cues evoke a particular allusive experience of the text that affects the reading experience.
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Chamarette, Jenny. "The Disappearing Work: Chantal Akerman and Phenomenologies of the Ephemeral." Contemporary French and Francophone Studies 17, no. 3 (June 2013): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17409292.2013.790631.
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Hindmarsh, Jon, and Alison Pilnick. "Knowing Bodies at Work: Embodiment and Ephemeral Teamwork in Anaesthesia." Organization Studies 28, no. 9 (September 2007): 1395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840607068258.
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Demps, Kathryn, and Susan M. Glover Klemetti. "Ephemeral work group formation of Jenu Kuruba honey collectors and late 19th Century Colorado silver prospectors." Behaviour 151, no. 10 (2014): 1413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003192.
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Humans frequently form short-lived cooperative groups to accomplish subsistence and economic tasks. We explore the ecological and cultural factors behind ephemeral work-group formation in two disparate cultural contexts: groups foraging for wild honey in present day South India and groups prospecting for silver ore in the Elk Mountain Mining District of Colorado in the late 19th century. Contrary to traditional economic foraging predictions, we find little evidence that per capita yields are the most important factor in determining size and composition of ephemeral work groups. We explore factors in each of these cultures that may be of importance for group formation such as kinship, reputation, and pleasure. Models that only incorporate economic parameters will make poor predictions of how humans interact with their environments.
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Hills, Matt. "‘Live’ anniversary event TV as public service ephemera." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602017716577.
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Considering a range of recent BBC TV programme anniversaries, this article analyses how the BBC has utilised different modes or zones of ‘liveness’ to promote the value of public service television via ‘event’ TV. Such anniversary events strategically collapse together the ‘hyper-ephemeral’ (having to be there) with the ‘anti-ephemeral’ (commemorating TV history), as longer term audience memories of public service television’s trustworthiness and durability are evoked. Contra scholarly debates which have positioned media anniversaries simply as a matter of (hyper-)commodification, I address Doctor Who’s 50th, Casualty’s 30th, Match of the Day’s 50th and EastEnders’ 30th anniversary as each shaping a sense of remembered ‘public service ephemera’. Through this process, audiences’ recollections of past programmes, and their integration with memories of everyday life, are articulated with emotional attachments to the BBC, thus making an affective case for the British Broadcasting Corporation’s cultural legitimation. Very different types of TV that we might not usually think to analyse side-by-side – flagship, returning, and soap dramas, along with sports coverage – can all work coherently as programme brands to defend the BBC’s cultural standing, without surrendering to what’s been termed ‘BBC nostalgia’, and while simultaneously bidding to colonise second-screen ‘digital flows’ circulating around TV premieres.
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Baker, Camille C. "MINDtouch: Embodied Mobile Media Ephemeral Transference." Leonardo 46, no. 3 (June 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00560.
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This article reviews discoveries that emerged from the author's MINDtouch media research project, in which a mobile device was repurposed for visual and non-verbal communication through gestural and visual mobile expressivity. The work revealed new insights from emerging mobile media and participatory performance practices. The author contextualizes her media research on mobile video and networked performance alongside relevant discourse on presence and the embodiment of technology. From the research, an intimate, phenomenological and visual form of mobile expression has emerged. This form has reconfigured the communication device from voice and text/SMS only to a visual and synesthetic mode for deeper expression.
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Chowdhury, Farhan Asif, Yozen Liu, Koustuv Saha, Nicholas Vincent, Leonardo Neves, Neil Shah, and Maarten W. Bos. "CEAM: The Effectiveness of Cyclic and Ephemeral Attention Models of User Behavior on Social Platforms." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 15 (May 22, 2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18046.
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To improve the user experience as well as business outcomes, social platforms aim to predict user behavior. To this end, recurrent models are often used to predict a user's next behavior based on their most recent behavior. However, people have habits and routines, making it plausible to predict their behavior from more than just their most recent activity. Our work focuses on the interplay between ephemeral and cyclical components of user behaviors. By utilizing user activity data from social platform Snapchat, we uncover cyclic and ephemeral usage patterns on a per user level. Based on our findings, we imbued recurrent models with awareness: we augment an RNN with a cyclic module to complement traditional RNNs that model ephemeral behaviors and allow a flexible weighting of the two for the prediction task. We conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our model's performance on four user behavior prediction tasks on the Snapchat platform. We achieve improved results on each task compared against existing methods, using this simple, but important insight in user behavior: Both cyclical and ephemeral components matter. We show that in some situations and for some people, ephemeral components may be more helpful for predicting behavior, while for others and in other situations, cyclical components may carry more weight.
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Yermolayev, Oleg, Evgeniya Platoncheva, and Benedict Essuman-Quainoo. "Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of the Ephemeral Gully Belt on the Plowed Slopes of River Basins in Natural and Anthropogenic Landscapes of the East of the Russian Plain." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050167.
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Erosion is the leading process of soil degradation on agricultural land. In the spectrum of erosion processes, the most unfavorable for soil degradation are the processes of linear (ephemeral and gully) erosion. An assessment of the dynamics of linear erosion in the intensive farming zone of the European part of Russia (EPR) is relevant due to the lack of generalized data on the development of this type of erosion in the post-Soviet period and also, due to the highest intensity of soil erosion in the ephemeral gully erosion. The development of information technologies and the availability of high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution satellite images make it possible to solve the problems of ephemeral gully erosion belts identification, and also makes it possible to trace the dynamics of development of stream erosion on arable lands over a period characterized by the greatest changes in the climate system and economic conditions in the post-Soviet period (1980s–2010s). The study was conducted on the eastern wing of the boreal ecotone of the Russian Plain within the southern border of these zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests, forest-steppe, and steppe landscapes using the basin approach. For the initial material, satellite images of medium (30 m) and high resolution (0.5–1.5 m) were used in the work. The study used methods of image interpretation such as remote sensing of the earth and geoinformation mapping. For 70 key areas (interfluve spaces of river basins), the study developed a method of geoinformation mapping of the ephemeral gully erosion belt dynamics on arable lands. In the same way, the research developed a system of quantitative indicators characterizing its development on arable slopes. The dynamics of ephemeral gully erosion was evaluated over three-time intervals: the 1980s, 2000s, and 2010s by determining the horizontal dissection (density) and density of ephemeral gully erosion. Over the past 30 years, in the direction from the south of the forest sub-zone to the forest-steppe and steppe landscapes, there was a sharp increase in the horizontal dissection and density of the ephemeral gully network: an average of 4.6 and 10 times, respectively. The ephemeral gully erosion belt advances toward the watershed because of the formation of new erosion in the upper parts of the ephemeral gully networks and its extension, while there is a noticeable reduction in the width of the erosion-weakly active belt-sheet and rill erosion.
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Reece, David A., John A. Lory, Timothy L. Haithcoat, Brian K. Gelder, and Richard Cruse. "Using Google Earth Imagery to Target Assessments of Ephemeral Gully Erosion." Journal of the ASABE 66, no. 1 (2023): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.15254.
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Highlights Tested the utility of Google Earth and other imagery to target the location of ephemeral gullies. Developed a targeting methodology and tested it based on a ground truth obtained using a UAV. Quantified the overlap of targeted areas with observed ephemeral gullies. These publicly available sources of imagery had a high degree of success in identifying where ephemeral gullies form. Abstract. Sustaining civilizations requires preventing the loss of agricultural topsoil through processes such as water and wind erosion. Ephemeral gully erosion contributes an estimated 40% of the total water-erosion soil loss from row-crop fields. The identification and tracking of gullies require monitoring fields over time; Google Earth provides high-quality imagery that can potentially meet both the temporal and spatial criteria for ephemeral gully monitoring. Our primary objective was to determine the probability that an ephemeral gully erosion feature could be reliably identified as an area of concern based on Google Earth imagery and/or other publicly available remotely sensed imagery. To develop the ground truth, we visited 72 fields in seven Missouri counties between mid-April and mid-June in 2018 (n = 26), 2019 (n = 21), and 2020 (n = 25) to verify the presence of erosion features. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to collect aerial imagery with an estimated ground sampling distance of 2.1 to 2.7 cm pixel-1 from all locations. From this imagery, ephemeral gullies were observed in 24 of the fields, and all ephemeral gullies in those fields were delineated. We then reviewed all imagery available in Google Earth from 2010 to 2020 for the 24 fields where ephemeral gullies were observed, delineating ephemeral gully features using a “definitive” and a “less stringent” criterion; we also evaluated 2008 and 2015 imagery from a second public source. In the first analysis, one random erosion feature was chosen from each field, and the percentage overlap of lines derived from publicly available information with the ground truth was determined. Combining all imagery sources, using the less stringent method of delineation, and applying a 15-m buffer resulted in a mean overlap rate of 91%. These results were superior to the definitive approach, as well as using a 3-m buffer. In a second analysis, we tested definitive and less stringent criteria in the field for simple intersection with the ground truth. The less stringent strategy, coupled with using a 15-m buffer, had a true positive rate of 81% and identified 100% of the ephemeral gullies at 63% of the locations. There were false positives in 38% of the fields, with a mean rate across locations of 15%. Adding public data from other sources improved the true positive rate while also increasing the false negative rate. At one location, all publicly available image sources failed to identify the single ephemeral gully in the field. This research represents a proof of concept that Google Earth and other publicly available imagery of sufficient quality can be used to target in-field ephemeral gully assessment in row crop fields in the humid regions of the US. Validation work is needed before this approach can be broadly adopted with confidence, given the many uncontrollable factors that can affect the efficacy of this approach. Keywords: Aerial imagery, Conservation compliance, Ephemeral gully, Remote sensing, Soil erosion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Golphin, Peter. "Ephemeral work? : Louis MacNeice, broadcasting and poetry." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594844.
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This thesis is the is the first detailed study of the unpublished radio work of the poet, Louis MacNeice, who worked for BBe radio as a scriptwriter and producer from 1941 until his death in 1963. lts overall timeframe is from the early 1930s until the publication of his 1948 collection, Holes in the Sky, but its main focus is on the between his propagandising radio work and his poetry during the war and its aftermath. Historically situating scripts and poems enriches parallel readings of contemporaneous texts producing new interpretations and identifies areas cross-fertilisation between the gemes. Chapters One and Two draw on MacNeice's work of the 1930s to establish a fiitical context for explicating political aspects of his work ofthe 1940s. Tbey involve his sponses to political tension at borne and abroad and to the rise of mass culture, both of which complicated any idealistic notion of the individual and the exercise of free will. Four succeeding chapters uncover the modifications to his political view against the changing backdrop of the events of the war: Chapter Three focuses on 1941, the blitz and the urgent need to encourage America to join the allies; Chapter Four covers 1942, transatlantic convoys, opposed landings and MacNeice's reception of the Beveridge report; Chapter five concentrates on 1943-1944, with Greece as an abiding interest of Mac Neice's; and Chapter Six deals extensively with D-Day. Finally, Chapter Seven analyses his work in the few months of the peace, including his increasing interest in parable as a means of discussing the individual's place in a complex post-war world. Cumulatively, this thesis traces the evolution of Mac Neice's political views, and counters the tendency in influential criticism to posit MacNeice as politically detached. It concludes that MacNeice was a politically engaged 'Writer whose complicated views remained radically socialist throughout these years.
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Asalia, Nour. "La fragilité dans la sculpture contemporaine : réflexions théoriques et expérimentations artistiques à partir de Marcel Duchamp et Pablo Picasso." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080076.
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La fragilité est une notion importante dans la sculpture contemporaine. Cette thèse s’interroge sur ses aspects chez deux des plus influents artistes de l'histoire de l'art au XXe siècle : Pablo Picasso et Marcel Duchamp. Nous nous interrogeons dans ce sens sur les facteurs qui ont favorisé l’avènement de la fragilité dans leurs pratiques : contexte historique, traditions populaires revisitées par la modernité, évolution du regard porté sur les matériaux, pratiques artistiques novatrices, contraintes et techniques de conservation. Notre recherche aborde bien entendu la question de la fragilité/la vanité de l’être humain que nous traitons dans les champs historique et philosophique – à travers ses dimensions esthétique, philosophique et spirituelle – mais dans les champs du sacré et de la science à partir du corps et de la mémoire tels que nous les observons se manifester dans le champ artistique. Pour montrer la prégnance de ce qui nous paraît relever du concept de fragilité, tel que nous l’aurons auparavant défini chez Duchamp et Picasso et des formes qu’il revêt, nous nous appuyons sur leurs œuvres en verre et papier. Notre étude analyse ces œuvres tant à travers le concept de fragilité qui s’y déploie qu’à l’aune de leur matérialité. Par ailleurs, l’usage des matériaux fragiles amène les artistes à privilégier certaines techniques qui ont pour objectif de protéger et d’assurer la conservation de leur travail : un tel processus aboutit au nouage serré, voire parfois inextricable, de leur démarche artistique et de leur pratique. Les modes de conservation de l’œuvre fragile constituent donc également l’un des axes de notre thèse. ---Pour finir, nous présentons notre propre pratique artistique, nourrie de notre approche de la fragilité et, bien sûr, de toutes les œuvres et références que nous aurons étudiées tout au long de notre rechercheFragility is an important notion in contemporary sculpture. This thesis examines its aspects in two of the most influential artists in the history of art in the 20th century: Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp. In this sense, we question the factors that have favored the advent of fragility in their practices: historical context, popular traditions revisited by modernity, changes in the way we look at materials, innovative artistic practices, constraints and conservation techniques. Our research of course addresses the question of the fragility/vanity of the human being that we deal with in the historical and philosophical fields - through its aesthetic, philosophical and spiritual dimensions - but in the fields of the sacred and of science from of body and memory as we observe them manifesting themselves in the artistic field. To show the significance of what seems to us to fall under the concept of fragility, as we have previously defined it with Duchamp and Picasso and the forms it takes, we rely on their works in glass and paper. Our study analyzes these works both through the concept of fragility that unfolds there and in terms of their materiality. Furthermore, the use of fragile materials leads artists to favor certain techniques whose objective is to protect and ensure the conservation of their work: such a process results in the tight, even sometimes inextricable knotting of their artistic approach and their practice. The modes of conservation of the fragile work therefore also constitute one of the axes of our thesis. ___Finally, we present our own artistic practice, nourished by our approach to fragility and, of course, by all the works and references that we will have studied throughout our research
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Périot-Bled, Gaëlle. "Des œuvres éphémères devenues mémorables : modalités et enjeux d’une transmission fragile." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080107.
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Ce travail de recherche part de la description d’événements artistiquescontemporains, réexposant ou rejouant des oeuvres éphémères du passé, afin d’analyser lesmodalités de leur transmission. Dans un premier moment, il s’agit de montrer que l’éphémèreopère une réduction temporelle qui met en crise une conception de l’oeuvre que la tradition desarts plastiques a fondée sur la conservation de l’objet et de la trace. Or, lorsque les oeuvreséphémères nous sont données a posteriori, dans le corps du vestige ou de l’archive, la questionest de savoir si leur reconnaissance par l’institution ne coïncide pas avec l’inexorable perte deleur discours. Dans son second moment, ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence une modalitéessentielle de la transmission que les oeuvres éphémères ont contribué à inscrire dans lespratiques : une forme de théâtralité dont les signes manifestes sont la requalification du muséecomme scène et du commissaire comme scénographe et metteur en scène. Plus profondément,cette modalité révèle un nouvel ethos né de la relation fragile entre l’oeuvre et des spectateursdevenus témoins. Car le devenir des oeuvres éphémères se fonde sur la conversion d’uneémotion mémorable en devoir de transmettre. C’est à la mise au jour de cette opération que cetravail doctoral se consacre finalement, pour montrer comment le devenir mémorable engagetoujours un sens de la communauté humaineThis research work starts from the description of contemporary artistic events, reexposingor replaying ephemeral mankind's past achievements, in order to analyse the modalitiesof their transmission. In a first moment, it is intended to show that the ephemeral carries out atime-based reduction that puts in crisis a conception of the work of art that the tradition of thevisual arts has founded on object and trace conservation. However, when ephemeral worksreach us a posteriori, in the frame of the vestige or archive material, the question is to know iftheir recognition by the institution does not coincide with the inexorable loss of their speech.In its second moment, this work seeks to highlight a key modality for transmission thatephemeral works have contributed to graft onto established practices : a type of theatricalpresence the obvious signs of which being the requalification of the museum as a stage and ofthe curator as a set designer and stage manager. At a deeper level, this modality reveals a newethos arising out of the fragile relationship between the work and spectators having becomewitnesses. For, the destiny of ephemeral works is based on the conversion of an unforgettableemotion into a duty of transmission. It is with the updating of this operation that this doctoralwork is ultimately devoted to, to show how the memorable becoming always engages a sense of thehuman community
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Malewitz, Raymond Joseph. "Cybernetic textuality : ephemeral works of contemporary American literature /." 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3282477.
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Serban, Sara. "Exhibition related to ephemeral art practices : philosophical and practical issues presented by organic-based works of art." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976178/1/MR45328.pdf.
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Postwar artists have been using ephemeral materials such as food, bodily fluids, and contemporary, yet constantly changing technological devices previously not intended for artistic use. What are curators and conservators to do when faced with a work that is meant to decay and deteriorate, or that has been destined to be consumed and constantly remade? At the time of her death in 1970, many of Eva Hesse's latex sculptures had already started to deteriorate, and at present many cannot be exhibited. While aware that the latex was not a stable material, she continued to incorporate it into many of her works. Questions remain as to her intent for these sculptures. Zoe Leonard's installation piece Strange Fruit (for David) (1992-97) did not begin as a deteriorating piece, but upon its completion, the artist decided that she did not wish to have it preserved, and the slow decay of the organic elements are central to the idea of the work. Situated within the artistic practices current at the time that Hesse and Leonard created these works, this thesis will present a discussion on works of art that represent both planned and unplanned impermanence, and the options available to curators and conservators when making decisions about preservation and exhibition.
Books on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Bennett, Andrew. Preserving the ephemeral: Selected works. San Antonio, Tex: Finesilver Gallery, 1998.
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Press, Kat Ran. Ephemera, job work, odds & ends & misc. ... Florence, Massachusetts: Kat Ran Press, 1997.
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Andrew, Bennett. Preserving the ephemeral: Selected works by Andrew Bennett. San Antonio, Tex: Finesilver Gallery, 1998.
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Ephemeron: Poems. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 2011.
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Company, Royal Shakespeare, ed. Shakespeare: His life and work in paintings, prints and ephemera. London: Studio Editions, 1990.
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Klanten, Robert. Playful type: Ephemeral lettering and illustrative fonts. Berlin: Die Gestalten Verlag, 2008.
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The world of jazz: In printed ephemera and collectibles. London: Studio Editions, 1990.
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Opie, Robert. Edwardian scrapbook. London: New Cavendish, 2002.
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Town, Harold Barling. Works of art and eclectic ephemera from the studio of the late Harold Town. Toronto: Ritchies, 2003.
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Joachim Schmid: Books, editions, and ephemera published 1982-2015. Berlin: Joachim Schmid, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Wilton, Jayne. "Visualising the Ephemeral." In The Life of Breath in Literature, Culture and Medicine, 485–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74443-4_23.
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AbstractThis essay investigates breath as a fundamental unit of exchange between people and their environment as shown in two collections of Jayne Wilton’s work. The first is a series of technologically empowered portrayals of the breath using innovative scientific techniques to translate universal breathing gestures (the sigh, the laugh, the gasp) into images and objects which allow viewers to re-experience the often-overlooked breath in visual forms. The second, created through participatory workshops with patients and staff in a London hospital, explores the visualisation of breath to highlight ways in which meeting the breath visually can enhance breath awareness and help to articulate the experience of breathlessness. As context and background for this work the essay also discusses a range of depictions of breath in art from the images of the Cueva de las manos (ca. 7300 BCE) to Philippe Rahm’s ‘Pulmonary Space’ (2009).
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Stoker, David. "4. Popular Print in a Regional Capital: Street Literature and Public Controversy in Norwich, 1701–1800." In Cheap Print and Street Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century, 77–112. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0347.04.
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The chapter provides a case study of the popular, controversial, and ephemeral items printed and published in Norwich during the century after the establishment of printing there. For three quarters of this period Norwich was either the largest or second largest provincial city in England and enjoyed considerable prosperity. The chapter considers the types and subject matter of street literature and controversial items produced and the individuals and businesses that printed and sold them. It considers such items as controversial sermons and religious works, popular chapbooks, execution broadsides, pamphlets associated with the coming of Methodism, poll books, and literature associated with elections. During the 1790s there was also a growth in popular literature calling for political reform.
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Cangiano, Serena, Davide Fornari, and Azalea Seratoni. "Re-search, Re-enactment, Re-design, Re-programmed Art." In Cultural Inquiry, 141–50. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-21_15.
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Kinetic and programmed art has been a trend of contemporary arts that flourished in the 1950s and 1960s. Kinetic artworks often incorporated technology, at that time still immature, and involved the audience in the production of visual, sound, and somatic effects. Gruppo T was the pioneering group at the forefront of this groundbreaking vision of art as reproducible, participatory, and interactive. Through an action research project and the methodological tool of reenactment, a group of researchers, designers, and artists has proposed an alternative way to conserve Gruppo T artworks. The project ‘Re-programmed Art: An Open Manifesto’ originated from the ephemeral and experimental features, as well as fragility, of the works by Gruppo T — that is, from the difficulties of practice, conservation, technology, and market that have confined them for far too long to the margins of mainstream art history. We conceive reenactment not just a mere restaging but as re-designing, re-thinking, updating, and re-programming a series of works by Gruppo T.
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Owusu, Kwadwo, and Peter Bilson Obour. "Urban Flooding, Adaptation Strategies, and Resilience: Case Study of Accra, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2387–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_249.
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AbstractDespite massive flood controlling investments, perennial flooding continues to be a major challenge in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Assembly in Ghana. Previous studies have mostly considered the vulnerability of Accra to flooding induced by urbanization and climate change. This chapter examined the impacts of and adaptation strategies to flooding in two flood-prone residential areas in Accra. A survey was conducted among 320 household heads to ascertain local impacts of floods and community adaptation strategies. To obtain a broader picture of government interventions and challenges, key stakeholders such as personnel from ministries, departments, and agencies who are involved in city planning, and private urban planning consultants were interviewed. The study found that a notable driver of floods in Accra is blocked waterways, and flawed and ad hoc engineering works. About three-quarters of the households interviewed have suffered flood-related losses over the past decade such as housing damage, income, and even a death of a relative. Key flood control interventions included dredging prior to start of rains and sporadic demolition of unauthorized buildings on or near waterways to allow free flow of water. However, these interventions only seem to be ephemeral due to the rapid rate of littering and re-siltation of the waterways after few rain events. The study highlights the need for more pragmatic and robust engineering solutions to build resilience of Accra to floods.
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"4. Presence: The Work and Workings of Ḥāẓirī." In The Powerful Ephemeral, 129–71. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520950450-009.
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Vélez-Serna, María A. "A desire for the civic: Community cinemas and volunteer work." In Ephemeral Cinema Spaces. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986541_ch03.
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This chapter explains how film exhibition works as a civic amenity, by examining the community cinema sector. Going back to the itinerant beginnings of film exhibition, this chapter considers specific examples of non-theatrical screening in the 16mm era in Scotland, as a vanguard of ‘useful’ cinema and a point of reference for contemporary phenomena. Focusing on exhibition activity in Scotland’s rural areas, this chapter foregrounds the village hall or public hall as a screening space, and discusses the organizational models that tend to produce it. The focus on provision and access to first-run films challenges metropolitan perspectives on pop-up exhibition which have tended to frame it in the context of a saturated cultural market.
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"3. A desire for the civic: Community cinemas and volunteer work." In Ephemeral Cinema Spaces, 59–90. Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048537822-005.
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Trumper, Camilo D. "Of Spoons and Other Political Things." In Ephemeral Histories. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520289901.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 examines the connections between urban planning and political theory, with particular attention to how the state’s urbanization and industrial design programs of the 1960s and 1970s shed light on the era’s political debates over citizenship. It looks especially closely at the work of the state-sponsored industrial design team that was charged with reshaping both everyday objects like spoons, plates, and chairs, and the larger processes that underwrote the integration of industry into a national socialist economy. This chapter examines the connections between seemingly mundane or innocuous everyday objects, and the era’s most ambitious projects. It ends with a study of the building designed for and built to host the Third United Nations Congress on Trade and Development (UNCTAD III), which acted as a symbol of Popular Unity socialist modernity and a stage upon which its residents and visitors could practice an inclusive vision of Popular Unity socialism. The UNCTAD building was, in short, a public sphere rooted or grounded in public space and action. This chapter offers a unique view into multilayered visions for an “ideal” socialist city, and a model for the practice of a particular, modern socialist citizenship.
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Lund, Christian. "Ground Work." In Nine-Tenths of the Law, 26–51. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300251074.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the longue durée reproduction of the material agrarian structure and the violently and radically changing political regimes. It operates at two levels. First, on the large scale of time and space, the chapter shows how the political contexts over time have supported and undermined various land claims at different junctures — from the first Dutch land acquisition in the 1860s in North Sumatra through Japanese occupation, social revolution, “guided democracy,” the “New Order,” and reformasi. It also demonstrates how the patterns of claims and counterclaims, acquisitions and evictions, occupations and retreats, have emerged. Second, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of a single, emblematic, enduring conflict. The local case shows how legalization, in connection with the other nine-tenths of the law, allowed plantation agriculture to hold off smallholder challenges for decades. Some claims in this land struggle challenged the status quo, but proved to be ephemeral and short-lived. Other claims, however, reproduced effectively. They hardened and institutionalized, propped up by statutory law, regulation, force, and other practices.
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Lennard, John, and Mary Luckhurst. "Performance: process and the ephemeral." In The Drama Handbook, 9–14. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198700708.003.0002.
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Abstract Drama is not like poetry or prose, though it contains both. If you read a poem or passage of prose silently to yourself your reading is not necessarily incomplete. With drama it will be, for plays and other dramatic texts do not simply exist on paper to be read but are written to be performed, and for most dramatists written text is a by-product, necessary for production and a vital means of disseminating work and generating income but secondary to what happens in rehearsal and on stage.
Conference papers on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Cavalcanti, Luiz Henrique C. B., Alita Pinto, Jed R. Brubaker, and Lynn S. Dombrowski. "Media, Meaning, and Context Loss in Ephemeral Communication Platforms." In CSCW '17: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998266.
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Crespo Claudio, Yazmín M., and Omayra Rivera Crespo. "WORKSHOP : Collective Architectures." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.16.
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A design-build workshop organized by Taller CreandoS in Encargos a collective founded by four female architecture professors; Yazmín M. Crespo, AndreaBauzá, Irvis González y Omayra Rivera, at La Perla, a community outside the northern historic city-wall of old San Juan, Puerto Rico. Together the professors share interests to revitalize deteriorated and abandon urban spaces with ephemeral interventions and participative workshops in an effort to redefine the conventional way of understanding the professional practice of architecture. The workshop invited students from the three architecture and design schools in Puerto Rico; Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico, University of Puerto Rico School of Architecture, Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico and the school of Visual Arts in Old San Juan to work together with international architecture collectives Todo porla Praxis from Madrid, Spain; Arquitectura Expandida from Bogotá, Colombia; and FG Studio from New YorkCity in three design-build projects together with the community. The workshop included lectures by the three international architects’ collectives, a design charrette, community presentations, final review, a round table and construction of the interventions from August 31to September 7, 2013.
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Davidson, Stephanie. "PULP: Research and Experimentation in BiodegradableThin Shell Structures." In 2020 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.fallintercarbon.20.21.
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This presentation documents in-progress design research in temporary, biodegradable structures. The experimental, thin-shell monocoque structures have been cast using a variety of cellulose-based materials, and represent a sampling of the outcome of a studio taught at three different architecture schools. The work and the process of making the work serves as an example of how designers can take responsibility for both where the materials that they choose come from, and also, where they end up. Made of exclusively recycled paper and fabric pulp, the structures have the capacity to biodegrade completely. The idea for the experimental structures came from witnessing the dumpsters overflowing with models and scrap material at the end of each semester. The conviction underlying the work is that mindful handling of resources should begin in architectural education if it is going to successfully make its way further into the discipline, profession and construction industry.Beyond handling the materials directly, students gained insight into the microstructures of the materials through the tools and knowledge offered by Peter Bush, material scientist and director of the microscopy lab at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The design task shows students how materials are responsive and constantly changing; they are not static, fixed objects. Paper is a particularly ephemeral material, highly vulnerable to moisture. Designing something with an intentionally short lifespan, and witnessing how it can break down and decay, introduces students to the transformative nature of materials, and shows how degradation and eventual decay could be a design strength. The projects are unique in that they expose students to an entire lifecycle of a full-scale spatial project, from conception through fabrication and finally, decay and complete disintegration. The process of decay and disintegration is studied with the same rigor and emphasis as the fabrication methods, through cast swatches. Because the work – both process and final, full-scale structures – is completely biodegradable, the studio avoids the creation of needless waste.
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Barcelos Jorge da Silveira, Victoria, Diego Moreira Souza, and Fabrício Peixoto Alvarenga. "Urban Landscape in the Historic Center of Campos dos Goytacazes:the effect of oil royalties on the use of public and private spaces between 1996 and 2020." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Perspectivas Online: Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8876113220212431.
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The analysis of space comes from its importance in people's daily lives, to carry out their optional, necessary and social activities. In addition to the geographic field, with its divisions and connections, space also influences social bonds, due to its imposition on segregating aspects imposed on society, reproducing it and supporting its relationships, being dynamic and ephemeral according to time . Thus, it is unquestionable that the historic center of a city is commonly defined by its ability to seduce its users, being a central place in relation to the rest of the built area, still remaining as commercial attraction areas and with a large number of developments. This demand causes an increase in the value of properties located in this region and also a dispute for space where the private ends up overtaking the public, for personal interests or groups of people. This dispute for space by non-equivalent forces has resulted directly in the urban landscape. The analysis of public spaces in the historic center of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the period in which its budget had a high bias, especially fostered by the amounts received from the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, aims to verify the changes that occurred in these spaces. The methodology developed for this work involves the review of scientific literature, the collection of primary sources such as users, permit holders and concessionaires of public spaces and a detailed on-site survey of some urban elements such as walkways and roads;number of private spaces for vehicles, kiosks and stalls in public areas. Based on the suggested surveys, it will be possible to verify if the last relevant economic cycle that occurred in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes -the transfer of royalties for oil exploration, was responsible for the modification of the urban landscape in its Historic Center.
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Bertol-Gros, Ana, and Fco Javier Álvarez Atarés. "ATBP." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11531.
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Fact-based knowledge prevails in the teaching of technical subjects, but the professional practice of architecture requires that we give the same importance to know-how. This paper presents a proposal that seeks to emulate architectural practice by developing a project from the technical approach of four subjects: Geometry I (1º), Installations I (2º), Structures I (2º) and Structures III (3º). The proposal received funding thanks to the university's own teaching innovation grants. The project required students to design and calculate an ephemeral pavilion with a wooden structure. Working collaboratively and vertically, that is, in groups with at least one student from each subject, the final work was evaluated in the four participating subjects. The aim of this proposal was to increase the motivation of the students by making them see the connection between the knowledge of the technical subjects in an architectural project. El conocimiento basado en hechos prevalece en la enseñanza de las asignaturas técnicas, pero la práctica profesional de la arquitectura requiere que demos la misma importancia al saber hacer. Esta comunicación presenta una propuesta que busca emular la práctica de la arquitectura desarrollando un proyecto desde el enfoque técnico de cuatro asignaturas: Geometría I (1º), Instalaciones I (2º), Estructuras I (2º) y Estructuras III (3º). La propuesta recibió financiación gracias a las becas de innovación docente de la propia universidad. El proyecto requería que los alumnos diseñaran y calcularan un pabellón efímero con estructura de madera. Trabajando de forma colaborativa y vertical, es decir, en grupos con al menos un alumno de cada asignatura, el trabajo final fue evaluado en las cuatro asignaturas participantes. Con esta propuesta se buscaba aumentar la motivación de los alumnos haciéndoles ver la conexión entre los conocimientos de las asignaturas técnicas en un proyecto de arquitectura.
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Villalonga Munar, Pablo, and Sérgio Padrão Fernandes. "UNA CALLE-MERCADO INFRAESTRUCTURAL. La Féria do Relógio en Lisboa." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12728.
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Feira do Relógio on Avenida de Santo Condestável in Lisbon, is a "feira de levante" that is set up and dismantled every Sunday on the road. The road for cars becomes pedestrian, and is revealed as a support contrasted with the fabrics, poles and removable tables that house goods on the asphalt. This work investigates the relationship between the specific conditioning factors of the context and the generative operatives of the case from its varied formalizations. The research focuses on the relationship between the detail of the objects and their production of other bodies, at other scales. Feira do Relógio is read as a street-market, in which its ephemeral condition of the program produces a rapid transformation: from fast lane to pedestrian street. This case study has an infrastructural component, capable of absorbing contingencies, the result of the dynamics of its materialization and design. Keywords: infrastructure, street-market, Lisboa, Feira do Relógio Feira do Relógio en la Avenida de Santo Condestável en Lisboa, es una “feira de levante” que se monta y desmonta cada domingo sobre la carretera. La vía para coches pasa a ser peatonal, y se revela como soporte contrastado con las telas, palos y mesas desmontables que albergan mercancías sobre el asfalto. Este trabajo investiga la relación entre los condicionantes específicos del contexto y las operativas generativas del caso desde sus formalizaciones variadas. La investigación se fija en la relación entre el detalle de los objetos y su producción de otros cuerpos, a otras escalas. Feira do Relógio se lee como una calle-mercado, en la que su condición efímera del programa produce una rápida transformación: de la vía rápida, a calle para el peatón. Este caso de estudio posee una componente infraestructural, capaz de absorber contingencias, fruto de las dinámicas de su materialización y diseño. Palabras clave: infraestructura, calle-mercado, Lisboa, Feira do Relógio.
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dos Santos, Camila, and Andreia Machado Oliveira. "Communication Action Zones in Art and Technology - ZACAT." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.101.
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Communication Action Zones in Art and Technology, in portuguese Zonas de Ações Comunicacionais em Arte e Tecnologia – ZACAT – is a master's research developed in Brazil, made before and during the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, which causes the New Coronavirus disease. This artistic and academic work includes a set of sound and visual poetics based on an investigation of artistic communicational practices of an activist character, with the mediation of several questions about the current Brazilian history. Firstly, through diversified strategies and proposals for different interlocutors, with experiments in 2019, in different spaces in the city of Santa Maria, state of Rio Grande do Sul - streets, museums, art galleries, university, school, social networks, radio wave space. Subsequently, as a result of the world scenario presented from 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the poetic undergoes significant transformations. In addition to the artistic and communicational strategies undergoing changes in approach, the Santa Maria space moves to that of the Clube Naturista Colina do Sol (CNCS), a naturist community located in the municipality of Taquara, also in Rio Grande do Sul. Not urbanized and immersed with the wild environment the least interfered by human action, which provides other forms of listening and connection, in addition to the relationship with the body, communication and technology, such as the use of online virtual reality platforms to share the work carried out. To approach the construction of this research, studies on methodology by the researcher and artist Sandra Rey (1953) are used. As a theoretical foundation, reference is made to the idea of micropolitics, a concept that refers to philosophers Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) and to art critic Suely Rolnik (1948). Activist artistic practices are based on the experiences of Brazilian collectives from the 1990’s to the present, as seen under the historiography of Art Activism from the 1950’s, with Italian autonomist philosophers such as Giorgio Agamben (1942) and Franco Berardi (1949). To support the notion of Art and Communication, authors such as Mario Costa (1936), Fred Forest (1933), Mônica Tavares, Priscila Arantes, Christine Mello and Giselle Beiguelman are based on. The concept of device emerges from theoretical research and mediates artistic practices, having as reference Agamben, Foucault, Vilém Flusser (1920-1991) and Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989). From performances, through installations, through audio, video and face-to-face interactivity experiments or via virtual networks, this research seeks to give visibility to everyday micropolitics, with their memories, affections, formalized or ephemeral life impulses in moments of encounters. And how the artistic works can unfold in different contexts, in front of different audiences and under challenging conditions in terms of a larger historical context.
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Erthal, Claudia. "Notions of Shock and Attention in Tik Tok videos." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.102.
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This work seeks to understand how and if the entertainment experience obtained by watching videos on the Tik Tok social platform that uses editing and design tools, such as distortion filters for physical appearance and voice, is also an immersive experience that causes a shock to the user as understood by Walter Benjamin (2010) when this communicational subject is crossed by a sensation of the modern and that has, as a consequence, the disintegration of the aura in the experience of shock. According to Rouanet (1990) "the psychic instance in charge of capturing and absorbing the shock starts to dominate over the instances in charge of storing memory impressions”. In this case awareness has the function of "serving as protection against stimuli, sublimating impacts, maturing the fright into anguish or fun, so as not to succumb to amazement" (PEIXOTO, 1983) and can be linked to the production of content of fast circulation and absorption, made exclusively for social networks and platforms such as Tik Tok. Platforms that work with such design are also guided by the hands of users with content creation to shock an audience immersed in what is called Snack Culture (SCOLARI, 2020). As for a culture that develops a sensorial audiovisual content format, these contents provoke a sensory effect, a brief and ephemeral experience within a project that can be understood as artistic and created in a dynamic between playful and entertainment. The sensorial effect of these contents offers a unique and unprecedented experience, typical of an avant-garde work of art. In the 'contemporary arcades' of the Internet, videos from both Tik Tok and other platforms – with similar features - have similar tools created daily increasing the number of accesses, seeking to retain the media user and seem to attempt to lead the user to an immersive experience in an Attention Economy system as described by Jonathan Crary (2015) as something that “dissolve the separation between the personal and the professional, between entertainment and information, displaced by a compulsory functionality of communication inherently and inescapably 24/7.” Altogether with these ideas is the view of Simon Reynolds (2010) that popular culture has become a remix or rereading of something done before, based on any type of information available. Therefore, from this point of view, the reappropriation becomes infinite – something you see in Tik Tok videos. This text is built applied to the communicational practice of the use of platforms and is an attempt to understand the contemporary media paths that are outlined with the platform of culture. The platforms, a communication event in itself, raise questions about a new circulation of goods and gestures by communicational subjects who act on this frequency. It is a work that positions itself in the face of the contemporary urgency of the online life, its fast transformations and society's pursuits in a time that requires critical thinking about the moment we live in. to account for the moment in which we live.
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Romãozinho, Mónica. "Somewhere Between Architecture and Jewelry." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001366.
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Our projects talk about knowledge and experience accumulated through time, so they work like powerful memory boxes. All that information reappears when we start sketching our first exploratory drawings. Architecture always influenced the way we see and understand the world and things in general, the “real” architecture which surrounds us every day, but maybe in a particular way the imaginary one that we can discover through set design projects, ephemeral exhibition design, even visionary drawings related to unbuilt ideas. We aim to demonstrate that jewels and architecture can share fundamental principles. When we look at a jewellery piece, we can observe its volumetric, how does light and shadow model the piece, the scale, the contrast between full and empty spaces, the composition, the sense of horizontality or verticality, its symmetry or asymmetry, its ergonomics, among other aspects but how can we relate to this intriguing object, what kind of emotions can it arouse in us? Perhaps we can play with similar feelings in other scales. In this perspective, our article focuses on the relation between architecture and jewellery applied research considering the philosophy “learning-by-doing” pursued by Charles and Ray Eames, inspiring and timeless references from the past. We follow a design methodology that implies continuous research about other authors and movements, the continuous selection of waste objects and materials, the development of sketches along with all the processes, and experimental prototyping. On the other hand, we incorporate specific goals related to product sustainability since the beginning of the present projects, namely upcycling. The main goals transversal to these experimental series consists of exploring space as a concept, interaction, and, at last, wearability. The jewel itself can have a strong presence in a certain way very close to the artwork but it is created and materialized for real people so we prefer to think about it as design because it is supposed to be owned and appropriated by someone and to contribute simultaneously to communicate their personality, to break with typified and mass fashion design, to conquer an immaterial dimension, to provoke emotion the moment we “dress” it.
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Egorova, Maia, and Tamara Ruiz. "STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AT DIFFERENT PHASES OF GETTING HIGHER EDUCATION (THE CASE OF RUSSIA)." In NORDSCI Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2021/b1/v4/13.
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"The problem of motivation is one of the most important in determining the driving mechanisms that force a person to learn, work, master something new. Motivation to work is one of the key elements of challenging yourself on the way to self-development. Motivation has deep psychological and moral roots and is a complex multifaceted phenomenon that often defies logical comprehension. In addition, it is an ephemeral, elusive thing; it is not a permanent feature of a person in one or another area of his activity. Accordingly, it is the problem of origin, retention, and in a good scenario of strengthening the motivation that is in one of the first place among the tasks that modern teachers face. Rapid scientific and technological development and progress in various fields of knowledge, new scientific and technical discoveries and the need for new high-tech developments require specialists with a high level of education and high-quality professional training. This applies not only to scientific and technical spheres, but also to natural-applied and humanitarian areas. All this makes higher education today a prestigious and extremely attractive goal for most young people, making young people use their studies at a university as a social lift for further personal development and career development. At the same time, a situation is observed when entering universities, many young people are faced with a serious problem of lack of motivation to learn, or they are demotivated in the learning process, which often leads to a very low level of quality of their studies, and sometimes makes them interrupt study for academic leave or give it up completely. Pedagogical science has accumulated a wealth of experience in studying this problem, however, the modern challenges of a changing world require pedagogy to constantly monitor changes and search for new approaches to solving the problems that students have in the course of obtaining higher education. The authors study this problem, taking as an example Russia, which is a country at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, where features of European and Eastern culture are combined in people. The authors approached the issue from several important angles. The article analyzes the socio-economic and political characteristics that affect the motivation for learning among young people. Particular attention is paid to the state of the current Russian society, spiritual and moral guidelines of young people, their goals and views on life and their own future. The authors emphasize the importance of family, religion and spiritual and moral development in the issue of motivation to work and study. The authors come to the conclusion that the problem of lack of motivation is based on a combination of reasons, but its root is primarily in the family upbringing of the student, as well as in his moral component and emotional and psychological maturity of the individual. The article provides an overview and some of the changes in student motivation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and online learning. It is important to note that in the course of their research, the authors relied on their many years of experience in teaching at higher educational institutions in Russia."
Reports on the topic "Ephemeral work"
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.