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Adiletta, Antonio <1991>. "EPA Unione Europea Giappone." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17185.
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La firma del trattato internazionale più grande mai negoziato dall’Unione Europea avviene il 17 luglio 2018.
L’obiettivo dell’Economic Partnership Agreement tra UE e Giappone è quello di creare una zona commerciale aperta che tocca oltre 600 milioni di persone, pari a un terzo dell’intero valore degli scambi commerciali a livello globale.
Si tratta di un accordo win on win tra due mondi lontani che si avvicinano attraverso regole e obiettivi chiari e trasparenti.
Per capire gli effetti di questo accordo, è necessario approfondire il contesto nel quale viene messo in atto ed è quindi necessario capire anche il punto di vista di Cina e USA che, al contrario delle due parti contraenti dell’EPA in questione, sono in lotta per contendersi la leadership globale.
È importante capire anche quelle che sono le differenze tra iniziative come la BRI (Belt and Road Initiative), che rappresenta l’obiettivo di Pechino di unificare i mercati africani ed euroasiatici, e l’EPA.
Verrà approfondita anche quella che è la nuova politica commerciale e geopolitica degli Stati Uniti, il principale alleato di UE e Giappone, in totale contrasto con i valori espressi dall’EPA.
I negoziati dell’EPA, infatti, seppur inizialmente si concentrano sull'impatto economico, sulle barriere non-tariffarie classiche, come gli standard alimentari e sulla regolamentazione di nuova generazione, si focalizzano poi maggiormente sul progresso graduale di liberalizzazione commerciale sugli incrementi di efficienza e sulla maggiore integrazione normativa.
L'impatto più significativo a lungo termine dell’accordo di partenariato tra Unione Europea e Giappone, deriva dall’attuazione di politiche a sostegno di un'ampia gamma di settori oltre al commercio.
L’EPA è il perfetto esempio di come portare avanti trattative rispettose, caratterizzate dalla perseveranza e cooperazione tra alleati. È un accordo vantaggioso per tutti.
Lo spirito di un accordo commerciale deve portare all’allineamento degli standard di livello inferiore con gli standard più elevati come le norme internazionali, anche se questo non significa semplificare il commercio reciproco, ma rafforza a sua volta gli standard per la comunità internazionale. In questo modo si crea una sorta di manuale commerciale globale, al quale i terzi che desiderano commerciare con l'Europa o il Giappone devono attenersi, dando luogo a una formulazione di comuni regole commerciali globali.
L'EPA fornisce una base per la reciprocità che crea condizioni di parità tra Europa e Giappone.
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NYAMBI, COLLINS ENOH. "EPA, Regional Integration And Export From Africa." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12756.
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Introduction: The trade relationship between the European Union (EU) and African coun-tries based on regional groupings, under the framework of Economic Partnership Agree-ment(EPAs) came to play in most countries in January 2008. It replaces the preferential trade treatment granted by the EU under the Lomé convention and Cotonou agreement which allowed African, Carribean and Pacific countries(ACP) greater access to EU markets as a means of leveraging African exports, and encouraging the competitiveness of African economies in the global economy. Method: Conclusion:
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Amir, Alipour Mohsen. "Effect of EPA on Intercellular Lipid Droplets Degradation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36108.
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Although the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid in reducing the risk of various of human diseases, such as hypertriglyceridemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, have been demonstrated in clinical and pre-clinical studies, the mechanism of its action is poorly understood.
several studies has been reported that Dietary supplementation with fish oil induces many changes in plasma TG profile.
N-3 fatty acid found in fish oil has been reported that reduce plasma TG and VLDL lev- els. Intercellular lipid droplets is the key regulator of plasma fatty acids and lipoproteins level.
Here we show that n-3 fatty acid supplementation triggers intercellular lipid droplets degradation independent from known fatty acid mobilization pathways namely lipophagy and lipolysis .
ATGL and HSL are consider as two major lipolysis enzymes.SiRNA study of these two lipolysis enzymes did not attenuate lipid droplets degradation.
Lipophagy has been reported as a selective mechanism for degradation of lipid droplets during the starvation condition. Knock down of autophagy (macroautophagy) related pro- teins, could not block degradation of intercellular lipids by EPA.
Degradation of lipid droplets is lysosomes dependent and requires lysosomal motility machinery. Lysosomes are interacting directly with lipid droplets during the process that is similar to kiss and run pattern.
The morphological examination of this process by electron microscopy indicated its re- semblance to microautophagy like structure.
Importantly, (over expression) Arl8b which has been shown that play a role in peripheral distribution of lysosomes along with FYCO1, specifically accelerates the effect of EPA on degradation of intercellular lipid droplets independent from its role in engagement of lysosomal plus end distribution.
in particular, Arl8b recruited HOPS protein complex in EPA dependent fashion and si- lencing of HOPS complex interfered with normal lysosomal degradation of lipid droplets. Thus, this finding reveals new mechanism for intercellular lipid mobilization and offer an explanation for the therapeutic benefits of omega-3 fatty acids.
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Vibhute, Tejaswini Ajay. "EPA-RIMM-V: Efficient Rootkit Detection for Virtualized Environments." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4485.
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The use of virtualized environments continues to grow for efficient utilization of the available compute resources. Hypervisors virtualize the underlying hardware resources and allow multiple Operating Systems to run simultaneously on the same infrastructure. Since the hypervisor is installed at a higher privilege level than the Operating Systems in the software stack it is vulnerable to rootkits that can modify the environment to gain control, crash the system and even steal sensitive information. Thus, runtime integrity measurement of the hypervisor is essential. The currently proposed solutions achieve the goal by relying either partially or entirely on the features of the hypervisor itself, causing them to lack stealth and leaving themselves vulnerable to attack.
We have developed a performance sensitive methodology for identifying rootkits in hypervisors from System Management Mode (SMM) while using the features of SMI Transfer Monitor (STM). STM is a recent technology from Intel and it is a virtual machine manager at the firmware level. Our solution extends a research prototype called EPA-RIMM, developed by Delgado and Karavanic at Portland State University. Our solution extends the state of the art in that it stealthily performs measurements of hypervisor memory and critical data structures using firmware features, keeps performance perturbation to acceptable levels and leverages the security features provided by the STM. We describe our approach and include experimental results using a prototype we have developed for Xen hypervisor on Minnowboard Turbot, an open hardware platform.
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Olimpo, Patrick. "Kommunikation i matematik : så mycket mer än att bara räkna." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10176.
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Examensarbetet handlar om kommunikation i matematikundervisningen. Idag domineras matematikundervisningen av enskilt arbete i läroboken, där elever sällan får utrymme att samtala och utbyta kunskaper med varandra. Det styrks vidare av granskningar som har genomförts av bland annat Matematikdelegationen (2004) och Skolinspektionen (2009).Syftet med studien är att undersöka matematiklärares tankar kring arbetet med kommunikation i matematikundervisningen. I undersökningen har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod tillämpats där datainsamlingen har skett med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer. Totalt har fyra verksamma matematiklärare i årskurs 4-6 intervjuats.Resultatet visar att samtliga respondenter delar samma uppfattning om vad kommunikation i matematikundervisningen innebär, vilket handlar dels om att redogöra och förmedla sina tankar men även att tolka andras. Samtliga lärare beskriver vidare EPA-metoden som ett sätt att bedriva en kommunikativ matematikundervisning. Därutöver menar de intervjuade lärarna att den största möjligheten vid arbetet med kommunikation i matematikundervisningen är att eleverna lär av varandra. Slutligen har det framkommit genom undersökningen att ett tillåtande klassrumsklimat är en god förutsättning för att bedriva en kommunikativ matematikundervisning.
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Mares-Davila, Fausto Israel, Jason Green, Jun Terashima, and Toluwani Omotinugbon. "THE HYDRODESULFURIZATION OF DIESEL FUEL TO MEET NEW EPA REQUIREMENTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613264.
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In December 1, 2010 the EPA reduced the allowable sulfur content in diesel fuel to 15
ppm, which is now known as ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). In order to reach the 15 ppm sulfur
maximum, the hydrodesulfurization unit in many refineries had to be upgraded. The group has
been tasked with developing an upgrade catalytic hydrodesulfurization unit for a refinery in the
Delaware Valley that can treat 35,000 barrels per stream day (BPSD) of liquid feedstock
containing 1.9 wt % sulfur. Performance data from the existing catalytic hydrodesulfurization
unit was used to predict the performance of the upgraded unit. ChemCAD software was used for
the process calculations and the feed was modeled using boiling curve data. The desulfurization
reaction kinetics were based on the reduction of dibenzothiophene. The project goals are to
achieve a 99% recovery of diesel fuel while reducing the sulfur content below 15 ppm. The
liquid feedstock will be run through a packed bed reactor filled with CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst where
the sulfur compounds will react with hydrogen gas to form hydrogen sulfide gas. An amine
contactor will be used to remove sour gas from the recycle hydrogen stream and a distillation
column will produce diesel.
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Martin, Brad. "U.S. EPA NATIONAL HOMELAND SECURITY RESEARCH CENTER: AN INTERNSHIP REPORT." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1163622231.
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Gu, Wenjia. "Scaling up photoautotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) using microalgae." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/30065.
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Food insecurity is one of the major challenges that the world faces today. Improving food security is about not only ending hunger but also ensuring easy, affordable access to nutritious, healthy food for all people. The importance of adequate consumption of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is well recognized. EPA and DHA are essential omega-3 fatty acids that must obtained from the diet. Producing sufficient amounts of EPA and DHA to meet the global demand from their conventional sources – fish – is becoming increasingly challenging due to population growth and overfishing. To bridge the supply gap of EPA and DHA via sustainable means, the idea of sourcing these nutrients directly from their natural primary producers – microalgae – has emerged.
The overarching aim of this thesis was to develop a scalable bioprocess that used photoautotrophic microalgae to produce EPA. Such a strategy would offer the advantages of not requiring arable land or potable water, thus would avoid competition with existing food production techniques for these resources. Currently, commercial production of microalgal EPA is hindered by the process economics. One of the major hurdles is the difficulties of growing EPA-producing microalgae efficiently at large scales, hence the development of scalable, cost-effective production processes is needed. In this research, three broad avenues were taken: (1) identification of suitable strains, (2) optimization of the process operation and (3) optimization of the bioreactor design.
Microorganisms used for industrial applications need to have certain characteristics. A key metric is high product accumulation under realistic settings, others include robust growth and consistent performance in industrial systems as well as tolerance to changes in the growth conditions. Systematic evaluations using these industrial metrics have not been done for screening EPA-producing microalgae. To address this gap, a screening procedure was conducted to quantify the EPA productivity for a range of microalgae in both 300 mL flask and 5 L flat-panel photobioreactor cultures. It was found that results from the flask screening offered poor predictions of performance in photobioreactors, suggesting a need for improved screening tools, such as scale-down simulators, for selecting industrial microalgal species. In the photobioreactor cultures Phaeodactylum tricornutum displayed the highest EPA productivity, which was approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of the other species tested. The results demonstrated the potential of P. tricornutum for large scale production of EPA.
To further evaluate the suitability of P. tricornutum for scaled-up production, the effects of two key environmental factors, temperature and salinity, on the EPA production of P. tricornutum were examined in photobioreactors. It was found that P. tricornutum could tolerate relatively wide ranges of temperature (13-27 °C) and salinity (35-50 g L-1); within these ranges its EPA content was approximately constant at 5% of the dry biomass weight. These results illustrate the robustness of P. tricornutum which is an obvious advantage from the perspective of industrial production. A comprehensive nutritional analysis was also performed for the biomass of P. tricornutum. In addition to being a good source of EPA, P. tricornutum biomass was also rich in protein (45% of dry weight), iron and vitamin B12. The nutritional information here could serve as a starting point for the formulation of P. tricornutum into food products.
With P. tricornutum being identified as a suitable species, improving the EPA productivity was the next step in the process development. The use of reliable computational models could greatly facilitate the identification of optimal operating strategies, with fewer laborious, time-consuming experiments required. This research demonstrated the development of a model for the EPA production of P. tricornutum, which was the first to predict the biomass and EPA productivities along with the EPA concentrations in the biomass and fatty acid fraction for microalgae.
The model was built on a kinetic modelling framework where the system behaviour was simulated using a set of ordinary differential equations, with the integrated effect of light and nitrogen availability being accounted for. This mathematically simple model was able to produce satisfactory predictions for different reactor geometries and scales (5 L flat-panel and 50 L cylindrical reactors), light path lengths (5 cm and 19 cm) as well as operating modes (batch and repeated-batch), with the model-data mismatches being typically less than 20%. Using this model, an optimized repeated-batch strategy was developed. Implementation of this strategy over four repeated cycles led to 50% and 20% increases in the biomass and EPA productivities, respectively. The results demonstrated the usefulness of this model as a tool in the scale-up, design and optimization of microalgal EPA production.
Another avenue for improving process productivity is developing better reactor designs. A major challenge in improving the performance of photoautotrophic cultures is delivering light into high-cell-density cultures. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Lagrangian particle tracking, this work examined means of improving the frequency at which the microalgal cells were transported between the light and dark zones, something that was recognized as a way for improving light delivery but has not been sufficiently evaluated under industrially relevant conditions. Different superficial gas velocities (0.6-6.0 cm s-1), reactor diameters (0.14-0.29 m), internal structure designs (split-cylinder airlift, segmental baffles, disc-and-doughnut baffles) and sparger configurations (asymmetrical and oscillatory spargers) were investigated for their effect on the hydrodynamics in 50 L bubble column photobioreactors. It was found that the frequency increased linearly with the superficial gas velocities but did not vary appreciably with the reactor diameter within the tested range. The frequency could be increased by 160% and 50% by the installation of segmental baffles and disc-and-doughnut baffles, respectively; In comparison, using the alternative sparger configurations had smaller effect (within ±30%) on the frequency.
The work also developed a modelling approach that predicted the biomass accumulation of P. tricornutum using the simulation results from Lagrangian particle tracking. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this was the first method that could predict the effect of different reactor designs and operating conditions (e.g. superficial gas velocity on algal biomass growth). The model simulation results, together with the reactor hydrodynamics simulated by CFD, could be used to guide the design of more light-efficient photobioreactors.
In summary, this thesis presented research in three directions of the development and optimization of a scalable process for producing EPA using photoautotrophic microalgae. Substantial, novel experimental data about the EPA productivity under industrially relevant conditions was generated for a range of species. For the first time a modelling approach was developed which provided accurate predictions of the biomass, EPA and total fatty acid concentrations. This model was found to work for a range of reactor designs, scales and operating conditions, and the approach developed here could be readily applied to other microalgal processes. Finally, the kinetic model was coupled with the results from CFD simulations to develop a novel modelling tool that can be used for the in-silico design of improved photobioreactor designs. Taken together the results from this work are a substantial step towards addressing the challenges in scaling-up microalgal EPA production. Successful scale-up of microalgae EPA production is key in ensuring people have a sustainable, affordable source of EPA.
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Ciani, Renato. "Um estudo de sensibilidade da fatoração PMF - Positive Matrix Factorization - em relação às medidas de incerteza das variáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-07092017-165948/.
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A fatoração PMF - Positive Matrix Factorization - é um método de resolução de problemas em que variáveis observadas conjuntamente são modeladas como a combinação linear de fatores potenciais, representada pela multiplicação de duas matrizes. Este método tem sido utilizado principalmente em áreas de estudo em que as variáveis observadas são sempre não negativas, e quando é aplicada uma modelagem fatorial ao problema. Assume-se a premissa de que são resultantes da multiplicação de duas matrizes com entradas não negativas, ou seja, os fatores potenciais, e os poderadores da combinação linear são desconhecidos, e têm valores não negativos. Neste método além da possibilidade de restringir a busca dos valores das matrizes da fatoração a valores não negativos, também é possível incluir a medida de incerteza relacionada a cada observação no processo de obtenção da fatoração como um modo de reduzir o efeito indesejado que valores outliers podem causar no resultado. Neste trabalho é feito um estudo de sensibilidade da fatoração PMF em relação a algumas medidas de incertezas presentes na literatura, utilizando o software EPA PMF 5.0 com ME-2. Para realizar este estudo foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de simulação de base de dados a partir de perfis de fontes emissoras conhecidas incluindo valores outliers, e aplicação sequencial da fatoração PMF com o software ME-2 nas bases de dados simuladas.The PMF factorization - Positive Matrix Factorization - is a problem solving method in which jointly observed variables are modeled as a linear combination of potential factors, represented by the multiplication of two matrices. This method has been used primarily in study areas in which the observed variables are always non negative, and when it is applied a factor modeling in the problem. It is made the assumption that the variables in study come from the two matrices multiplication both having non negative components, i.e., the potential factors, and the linear combination values are unknown, and all of them have non negative values. In this method, besides the possibility of constraining the search of the matrix factorization values on non negative values, it is also possible to include the uncertainty measure related to each observation on factorization process as a way to reduce the undesired effect which outliers can cause to the outcome. This paper presents a study of the sensitivity of the factorization PMF over some uncertainties measures present in literature, using EMP PMF 5.0 with ME-2 software. To carry out this study was developed a methodology of database simulation from known emitting sources profiles including outliers values, and a sequential application of PMF factorization with ME-2 software in simulated databases.
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Bonder, Brana Sanctos Alô. "Composição corporal, status inflamatório e nutricional de cães em pós-cirúrgico alimentados com dieta formulada com altos teores de gordura, proteína e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-25082017-120929/.
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Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados da família Ω-3 são classificados como possíveis agentes anti-inflamatórios devido à formação de eicosanóides inflamatórios menos potentes. Cães no período pós-cirúrgico ou com câncer podem desenvolver resposta inflamatória exacerbada, o que pode ser danoso ao organismo. Assim, a intervenção nutricional é parte da terapia para suporte do sistema imune e da modulação da inflamação. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a modulação da resposta inflamatória, o status nutricional e a composição corporal de cadelas no período pós- cirúrgico consumindo dieta com alto teor de proteína, gordura, EPA e DHA. Doze animais foram incluídos e divididos em dois grupos experimentais que receberam dietas distintas: grupo A - ração para cão adulto em manutenção sem EPA e DHA; grupo B - ração teste com alto teor de proteínas, gordura e EPA/DHA por meio de enriquecimento da dieta com óleo de peixe. Mensurações séricas de TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IGF-1, proteína C reativa (PCR); determinação da composição corporal por deutério; e parâmetros nutricionais laboratoriais foram realizados em intervalos periódicos ao longo de 51 dias. Testes estatísticos paramétricos e não paramétricos foram utilizados para comparar a quantidade de nutrientes ingeridos e efeito da ingestão de óleo de peixe nos parâmetros inflamatórios, nutricionais e na porcentagem de massa muscular (MM) e gordura corporal (GC). Não foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de citocinas (pgt;0,05) nem de PCR (p= 0,51) entre as dietas. Quando considerado o tipo de dieta independente do tempo de análise, pôde-se constatar que o grupo B teve maior concentração de IGF-1 (p=0,04), MM (p<0,01) e menor GC (p<0,01), no qual os dois últimos parâmetros tiveram correlação positiva com escore de condição corporal e muscular avaliados no exame físico. Conclui-se que o teor de EPA e DHA na concentração avaliada neste estudo não foi suficiente para modular a inflamação, mas apresenta potencial efeito benéfico na manutenção da massa muscular.Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids family are said to be anti-inflammatory agents due to the formation of less potent inflammatory eicosanoids. Dogs in the post-surgical or with cancer can develop an unwanted inflammatory response, which can be harmful to these. Thus, nutritional intervention is part of the therapy for the support of the immune system and the modulation of inflammation. The objective of this study was to verify the inflammatory response modulation, nutritional status and body composition of bitches in the post-surgical period consuming diet with high protein, fat, EPA and DHA content. Twelve bitches were included and divided into two groups receiving different diets: group A extrused dry feed for adult dogs in maintenance without EPA and DHA; Group B - extrused dry feed with high protein, fat and EPA/DHA levels through dietary enrichment with fish oil. Serum measurements of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IGF-1, C-reactive protein (CRP); determination of body composition by deuterium; and nutritional laboratories parameters were performed at periodic intervals over 51 days. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used to compare the amount of nutrients ingested and the effect of fish oil intake on inflammatory, nutritional parameters and percentage of muscle mass (MM) and body fat (BF). There were no differences in cytokines (p> 0.05) or CRP (p = 0.51) concentrations between diets. When considering the type of diet independent of the time of analysis, it can be seen that group B had a higher concentration of IGF-1 (p = 0.04), MM (p < 0.01) and lower BF (p <0.01), which the last two parameters had a positive correlation with body and muscle condition score assessed on physical examination. It is concluded that the EPA and DHA content of this study can not modulate the inflammation, but has a potential beneficial effect on the maintenance of the body composition.
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Newfang, Daniel A. "A Historical Assessment of Asbestos Exposure, Abatement Methods and Containment Efficacy During Asbestos Containing Material Removal Activities at a Large Federal Facility." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7429.
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Asbestos sampling and monitoring data, starting from 2003, located in a large federal facility’s Asbestos Air Database Management (AADM) repository will be queried and analyzed on airborne asbestos fiber concentrations generated from abatement activities of asbestos-containing materials (ACM) and asbestos-containing building materials (ACBM). Historically, concerns expressed by personnel outside of the containment areas, whether adjacent to or quite a distance from the asbestos abatement activities present operational challenges for the project manager, potential angst and uneasiness to personnel residing next to the abatement activity as well as programmatic concerns to the building/facility managers. The concerned individuals working outside the abatement enclosure, in an unrelated activity to the abatement often believe there is a high probability for personal exposures of asbestos fibers based on their proximity to the abatement activities. Perceptions regarding containment performance, the uncertainty surrounding the long latency period between asbestos fiber exposure and onset of disease, and the lack of understanding about containment efficacy are just some of the elements that can generate worry. Using statistical analysis tools, such as regression analysis, relationships between one or more predictor variables relative to a response variable were investigated. This research reviewed and compared airborne asbestos fiber sample data relative to the specific activities, whether abatement or other, that were performed. In an effort to establish a holistic awareness to the reader as to why individuals are concerned about being located near asbestos abatement activities, the history of asbestos regulation and epidemiology is also discussed.
The dataset contained 5534 sampling records made up of 3738 area samples (1426 outside containment structure and 2312 inside containment structure) and 1796 personal samples. Analysis identified that 1779 (>99%) out of the 1796 total personal exposure samples in the dataset indicated the asbestos workers were appropriately protected from overexposures. Only seventeen (<1%) of the 1796 total personal exposure samples exceeded the respective Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs):
• Fifteen of the 17 exceeded the 8-hr TWA, 0.1 f/cc OEL. These exceedances were positively correlated with work tasks identifying that no respirators were required due to a Negative Exposure Assessment (NEA).
• Two of the 17 exceeded the Assigned Protection Factor for the Half Face APR (10x the OEL protection) adjusted 8-hr TWA OEL, 1 f/cc.
• There were no OEL exceedances identified for any 30-min Excursion personal sampling events.
The focus for this assessment was to determine the efficacy of the asbestos abatement process and increased health risks to personnel. The findings suggest there is performance variability in the containment structures; however, the abatement process was effective and protective of the non-asbestos personnel outside of the abatement work area. It can also be concluded that the abatement process of containment structures, negative air, work methods (e.g. wet methods) and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) have provided a protective environment for both workers and non-asbestos personnel outside of the containment structures.
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Ames, Robin W. "Analysis of a 2007 EPA compliant diesel particulate matter sampling system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5245.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 133 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95).
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Luca, Marciani Laurea. "EPA of gastric function : the effects of physical factors in food." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368241.
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Nentrup, Randall. "Emergency Hazardous Materials Incidents: Case Studies for EPA Federal OnScene Coordinators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1989. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8562.
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Inglese, Gaia <1992>. "Made in Italy e EPA. Tutela dei prodotti italiani in Giappone." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16704.
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In data 1 Febbraio 2019 è entrato in vigore il nuovo Economic Partnership Agreement, siglato da Unione Europea e Giappone.
L’accordo prevede semplificazioni di regolamentazioni, scambi di persone e servizi, armonizzazione di standard di sicurezza tra Europa e Giappone, ma soprattutto l’abbattimento di gran parte del miliardo di euro di dazi doganali pagati ogni anno dalle aziende europee che esportano in Giappone.
La liberalizzazione più significativa riguarda i prodotti del settore food&beverage. Infatti la tassazione di vini e prodotti alcolici, che si attestava intorno al 15%, è stata immediatamente azzerata, mentre quella di prodotti caseari che si attesta intorno al 30%, verrà portata allo 0% attraverso un calo progressivo nell’arco di 15 anni .
Questo nuovo accordo riporta in superficie un problema che da tempo affligge l’economia dell’export italiano: la protezione dei prodotti Made in Italy dall’utilizzo dell’Italian Sounding da parte di aziende non italiane.
In questo accordo viene infatti riconosciuta la protezione di alcuni prodotti a livello di indicazione geografica. Sono 205 i prodotti Dop e Igp a livello europeo che godranno in Giappone dello stesso livello di tutela attualmente riconosciuto nell’UE. Tuttavia, sono solo 19 le Dop/Ig alimentari italiane protette, e solo 26 quelle relative ai nostri vini e alcolici .
Ad essere maggiormente afflitti da questo tipo di problematica sono soprattutto i prodotti del settore lattiero caseario.
Nell’accordo, infatti, per quanto riguarda i formaggi con nome composito come il Grana Padano o il Parmigiano Reggiano, i marchi godranno di protezione esclusivamente nel loro insieme. In Giappone sarà quindi possibile commercializzare un formaggio chiamandolo Grana Cheese o Parmigiano Cheese, nonostante non abbia alcuna similarità con il Parmigiano Reggiano o il Grana Padano. Non solo, continuerà anche ad essere possibile utilizzare il termine Parmesan, registrare marchi che lo contengano, e commercializzare prodotti con quella dicitura a patto che sia indicata sulla confezione la reale origine del prodotto.
Le aziende di tutta Europa potranno quindi avvalersi come strategia di marketing dell’Italian Sounding per promuovere vini e formaggi che nulla hanno a che vedere con i prodotti ai quali nomi si ispirano.
Questa situazione ha sollevato diverse e discordanti opinioni tra gli esportatori italiani riguardo a questo EPA.
Si procederà innanzitutto ad inquadrare il concetto di Brand Identity e come le aziende necessitino di costruire un’identità del proprio marchio in un determinato mercato. Si analizzerà l’uso da parte delle aziende italiane del valore aggiunto all’estero del Made in Italy e dell’”italianità”.
Considerato l’uso dell’italianità come strategia di marketing, si è reso necessario nel tempo un certo grado di protezione delle specificità di alcuni prodotti Made in Italy, attraverso IGP e DOP. Si andrà quindi a definire il concetto di indicazione geografica, del suo ruolo nella protezione dei prodotti nazionali e si andrà ad analizzare la problematica della protezione dei prodotti italiani all’estero.
Verrà analizzato il fenomeno del “Fake Made in Italy” e dell’Italian Sounding, descrivendone i suoi effetti negativi sull’esportazione dei prodotti italiani.
Infine si analizzerà l’EPA in funzione della protezione dei prodotti italiani in Giappone e si tenterà di capire se l'accordo sarà funzionale alla protezione dei prodotti Made in Italy.
Si procederà con delle raccolte di dati relative all’esportazione in Giappone di prodotti italiani d’eccellenza con indicazione geografica certificata, come per esempio il Grana Padano ed il Parmigiano Reggiano.
Si prenderà poi in considerazione la posizione di Agriform, una cooperativa di secondo grado che si occupa di associare alcuni tra i più importanti caseifici cooperativi italiani, tramite un’intervista al suo Consigliere Delegato.
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Lím, Vojtěch. "Mexiko v regionálních integracích." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11900.
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This thesis focuses on description and analysis of Mexico in regional integrations. We assess agreements NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), MEUFTA (Mexico-European Union Free Trade Area) and Japan-Mexico EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement). These agreements are crucial for Mexico in terms of trade volumes of goods, services and capital. In the second part of the thesis we describe company 2N Telekomunikace a.s. and its expansion on the mexican telecommunications market with respect of MEUFTA effects. Trade effects analysis and future implications for individual countries are the outputs of the thesis.
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Gah, Dadehys Noellie Prisca. "How ECOWAS negotiating team can strenghen the legal provisions of Cote D'Ivoire EPA as to benefit the whole region : a legal analysis of the Cote D'Ivoire interim EPA." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28472.
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The paper examines through a legal analysis of some articles of the Cote d’Ivoire Stepping Stone Agreement, how ECOWAS can strengthened its approach in negotiating a comprehensive EPA for the region. These articles are scrutinized with a special focus on market access as to point out fields that need to be re-thinked with regard objectives set out in the agreement. It is argue that current bilateral and multilateral Trade and Investment Agreements are shrinking in their legal framework the policy space need for development in countries that need it the most. This study, underlines the fact that the legal provisions contain in the Cote d’Ivoire IEPA do reduce actually its ability to set up policies tool aim at achieving development goals. It is the sustainability of the IEPA legal provisions that is questioned under this topic with regard to sensitive issues such as the safeguard measures, the stand still clause, the MFN clause, the Rules of Origin etc….. In so doing, the analysis reveals as well the ambiguity of the IEPA relationship with the Cotonou Agreement and the multilateral trade rules of the WTO. This ambiguity is highlighted in an attempt to drawn the attention of the region on the fact that; if there is indeed a need to update the Economic Partnership Agreement currently negotiating with the EC, this cannot be done without first of all updating the negotiating approach of the region. In fact, its weak bargaining approach coupled with that overwhelming of the EC has resulted in the agreement currently on the table. Substantial changes can be made with this regard by acknowledging the insufficiencies in the legal framework of the IEPA but also in learning lesson from mistakes the region itself and Cote d’Ivoire have done in negotiating EPAs and its Interim version. Thus, since EPAs often triggered the debate on liberalization and what it may carry in terms of consequences on developing countries’ economies, examples of countries that took a different step toward liberalization and whose current situation may be use as a testimony by ECOWAS are quoted. Finally, propositions are made to ECOWAS region as to enlarge current development space while battling for more flexibility under the EPA.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Van, der Holst Marieke. "EPA negotiations between the EU and SADC/SACU grouping: partnership or asymmetry?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1931.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Europe and Africa share a long history that is characterized both by oppression and development. The relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries is a particularly important aspect of EU development cooperation policy. The developmental history between the EU and Africa started with the Yaoundé Conventions of 1963 and 1969, which were replaced by the Lomé Convention. Unfortunately, the favourable terms and preferential access for the ACP countries to Europe failed and the Lomé Convention was replaced by the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) in 2000. As a result of a WTO-waiver, the discriminatory non-reciprocal trade preferences, which were previously enjoyed under the Lomé Convention, continued until December 2007. The Cotonou Agreement points out that these trade preferences will be replaced by joint WTOcompatible Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). During the EPA negotiations, the EU preferred to negotiate on a regional basis instead of negotiating with the ACP as a whole or with individual countries. Consequently, Sub-Saharan Africa formed two negotiation groups; the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) EPA group and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA group, represented by the five Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries, together with Mozambique and Angola. Although Southern Africa is the region that leads the continent; from an economic perspective, the Southern African states show considerable disparities. Due to the economic differences between South Africa and the BLNS countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland), the interests of the individual SACU countries are diverse and often contradictory, which resulted in complicated EPA negotiations. However, maintaining a favourable long-term trading relationship with the EU is of great importance to the economic and political well-being of the SADC, since the EU is the main trading partner of most African countries. By December 2007, an interim EPA (IEPA) was initialled by the BLNS countries as a result of the pressure to fall back to the unfavourable Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Due to the bilateral Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) that is in force between South Africa and the EU, South Africa was not negatively influenced by the expiry of the WTO-waiver. The EPA will have a negative impact on regional integration within SADC and will promote distinction within the regional economic communities. Duty free, quota free access was offered to the BLNS countries, but the EU did not extend this offer to South Africa because of the developmental status of the country and the pre-existing TDCA. Consequently, South Africa will be required to export at higher prices and will experience increased competition within the region. The downside of the removal of import tariffs for the BLNS countries is that government revenues will decrease, which might result in income losses and will accentuate poverty. The standstill-clause of the IEPA prevents the SACU countries from diversifying economically and from developing new industries. The Most- Favoured Nation clause primarily impacts negatively on South Africa, since it prevents South Africa from negotiating freely with other countries such as Brazil and China. Furthermore, the strict intellectual property rules of the IEPA undermine access to knowledge and hereby fail to support innovation. The content of a chapter on liberalization of services, that will be included in the full EPA, is still being negotiated. Liberalization of services might lead to more foreign investments in the BLNS countries, as a result of which the quality of services will increase, leading to better education, infrastructure and more job opportunities. However, foreign companies will gain power at the expense of African governments and companies. South Africa is the main supplier of services in the BLNS countries and will therefore be confronted with economic losses when the services sector is liberalized. From an economic nationalist perspective, the EU included numerous provisions in the IEPA that were not necessary for WTO compatibility. However, the EU is aware of the importance of trade agreements for the BLNS countries and found itself in the position to do so to fulfil its own interests. By making use of the expiry date of the WTO waiver; the IEPA was initialled by the BLNS countries within a relatively short period of time. South Africa, in its own national interests, opposed the provisions of the IEPA, which has led to the negotiations deadlock. Because of the economic power and negotiating tactics of the EU and the selfinterested attitude of South Africa in this respect, regional integration is undermined and the poorest countries are once again the worst off. Although Economic Partnership Agreements have to be established, the partnership-pillar is, in my opinion, hard to find.
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Zacharyasz, Kevin Scott. "A Collection of Model Recycling Program Case Studies for the Ohio EPA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1430413263.
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Bělicová, Marie. "Porovnání analytických metod ČSN vůči metodám US EPA při rozboru vodných vzorků." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216577.
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The theses compares analytical methods according to current norms used in the Czech Republic to the methods based on the principle according to US EPA. A new device the automatic photometer Aquakem 250 makes use of the US EPA methods. Prior to its laboratory use in the Institute of Public Health in the town of Ostrava the photometer had to be validated. For the comparsion of the analytical methods ion chromatographic, isotachophoresis, spectrophotometric,titrimetric methods were used. The validation process, which was documented (in validation protocols), was time consuming and technically challenging. It was confirmed that the new Aquakem 250 analyzer provides result that are verified by methods which are in accordance with norms applicable in the Czech Republic. After a successful completion of validation and obtained accreditation the new automatic analyzer was put into regular operation in the chemically laboratory.
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Whyte, Claire Susan. "The effect of DHA and EPA on fibrosis-related factors in vascular cells." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted access until May 19, 2010, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25877.
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Vonya, Qamani. "A critical analysis of the impact of Brexit on the SADC-EU EPA." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6992.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe United Kingdom (UK) is one of the largest Member states within the European Union (EU) that receive export goods from developing countries. The UK has successfully voted to exit the EU through a referendum and this may impact the already existing developing countries’ markets that depend on their exports to the UK. On the one hand, the UK has promised that it intends on maintaining the existing trade agreements with most of its trade partners including the Southern African Development Community (SADC)-EU Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA). On the other hand, the UK is concerned of its independence from the EU and at this point in time, it can only be anticipated that, agreements if any, relating to Brexit will only suffice once the entire exiting process has been completed.
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Leger, Thibault. "Influence de l'acide eicosapentaénoïque sur l'activité cardiaque et sa modulation par le stress oxydant - Perspectives pour l'obésité et l'endocardite aigüe humaines." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS012.
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Les maladies cardiovasculaires constituent la première cause de mortalité dans le monde. De nombreuses situations conduisent à une insuffisance cardiaque généralement associée à une altération mitochondriale. Le stress oxydant est un acteur majeur favorisant ces dysfonctionnements. Les acides gras polyinsaturés de la famille 3 et, en particulier l’EPA, ont été souvent associés à des effets cardio-protecteurs. Cependant, dans certains cas, l’impact engendré était délétère. L’hypothèse qui a porté cette thèse soutient que l’EPA devient nocif dans les situations où le stress oxydant est trop intense : l’association avec un agent antioxydant adapté permettrait de maintenir les propriétés cardioprotectrices. Divers modèles de situations pathologiques, d’un stress oxydant faible vers une situation où il est sévère et chronique, ont été étudiés. L’EPA a montré des effets bénéfiques pour le cœur en modulant le collagène, la réactivité coronaire, la fonction mitochondriale, le statut oxydant, l’inflammation, le métabolisme énergétique, l’homéostasie calcique et le profil lipidique. Cependant, dans le cas d’un stress oxydant intense et chronique modélisé par un diabète sucré associé à un régime obésogène, l’EPA a entraîné un accroissement radical de la mortalité. Cet effet a été contrecarré par un enrichissement en extrait de thé vert grâce aux propriétés anti oxydantes et hypolipémiantes de ce dernier. L’association de l’EPA à un agent antioxydant adapté à la situation et administré à doses adéquates est indispensable dans les situations où le stress oxydant est suffisamment sévère pour induire une peroxydation lipidique. L’impact bénéfique de l’EPA est lié à des acteurs mitochondriaux tels que la SOD2, l’UCP3 et la Sirt3. Les observations récoltées au cours de ces travaux nous incitent à étudier la fonction mitochondriale chez l’Homme afin de déterminer si l’effet cardioprotecteur de l’EPA combiné à un antioxydant est maintenu. Cette thèse décrit également une méthode fiable pour extraire des mitochondries cardiaques humaines à partir de rejections atriales obtenues lors de circulations extracorporelles. Des analyses omiques sur le plasma permettraient également de découvrir des biomarqueurs du fonctionnement mitochondrial permettant la mise en lumière d’altérations éventuelles survenant en amont du développement de l’insuffisance cardiaque et l’adaptation précoce d’un traitement adéquatCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Many situations trigger heart failure which is usually associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to these dysfunctions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the 3 family, in particular EPA, have often been associated with cardioprotective effects, but in some cases their impact is deleterious. The hypothesis behind this thesis is that EPA becomes harmful in situations in which the oxidative stress is too high: an appropriate combination with an antioxidant would maintain the cardio-protective properties. Several models of pathological situations characterized by a low or severe and chronic oxidative stress were studied. EPA displays beneficial effects on the heart by modulating collagen, coronary reactivity, mitochondrial function, oxidative status, inflammation, energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and lipid profile. However, in case of a high and chronic oxidative stress triggered by diabetes mellitus and an obesogenic diet, EPA results in a dramatic increase in animal mortality. This effect is countered by enriching the diet with green tea extract thanks to the antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties of this last. The combination of EPA with an antioxidant adapted to the situation and administered in adequate doses is essential when the oxidative stress is severe enough to induce lipid peroxidation. The beneficial impact of EPA is related to mitochondrial actors such as SOD2, UCP3 and Sirt3. The findings obtained in these animal studies need to be verified in humans to determine whether the cardioprotective effect of EPA combined with an antioxidant is maintained. This thesis also describes a reliable method allowing the extraction of human cardiac mitochondria from atrial rejection obtained during extracorporeal circulation. Omic studies on the plasma would also allow the discovery of new biomarkers of mitochondrial function permitting clinicians to highlight possible dysfunctions prior to onset of the heart failure and to adapt a precocious treatment to the particular patient situation
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Houston, Edward Brian. "The Use of Stormwater Modeling for Design and Performance Evaluation of Best Management Practices at the Watershed Scale." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34850.
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The use of best management practices or BMPs to treat urban stormwater runoff has been pervasive for many years. Extensive research has been conducted to evaluate the performance of individual BMPs at specific locations; however, little research has been published that seeks to evaluate the impacts of small, distributed BMPs throughout a watershed at the regional level. To address this, a model is developed using EPA SWMM 5.0 for the Duck Pond watershed, which is located in Blacksburg, Virginia and encompasses much of the Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute's campus and much of the town of Blacksburg as well. A variety of BMPs are designed and placed within the model. Several variations of the model are created in order to test different aspects of BMP design and to test the BMP modeling abilities of EPA SWMM 5.0. Simulations are performed using one-hour design storms and yearlong hourly rainfall traces. From these simulations, small water quality benefits are observed at the system level. This is seen as encouraging, given that a relatively small amount of the total drainage area is controlled by BMPs and that the BMPs are not sited in optimal locations. As expected, increasing the number of BMPs in the watershed generally increases the level of treatment. The use of the half-inch rule in determining the required water quality volume is examined and found to provide reasonable results.
The design storm approach to designing detention structures is also examined for a two-pond system located within the model. The pond performances are examined under continuous simulation and found to be generally adequate for the simulated rainfall conditions, although they do under-perform somewhat in comparison to the original design criteria.
The usefulness of EPA SWMM 5.0 as a BMP modeling tool is called into question. Many useful features are identified, but so are many limitations. Key abilities such as infiltration from nodes or treatment in conduit flow are found to be lacking. Pollutant mass continuity issues are also encountered, making specific removal rates difficult to define.
Master of Science
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Jordan, Page C. "United States Environmental Protection Agency Technical Member of The Engineering Technical Support Center." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1544382977066234.
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Frietas, Tara Nicholle Lynn. "The examination of EPA, DHA and total polyunsaturated fat intake on adult depression scores." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527930.
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Over the past two decades, Americans' omega-3 FA intake has been decreasing while the U.S. rate of depression diagnoses and antidepressant prescriptions have been increasing. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationship between dietary omega-3 FA intake and depression scores using a sample data set of U.S. adult survey participants in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Specifically, this study examined the relationship between depression scores and dietary EPA, dietary DHA and total 30-day supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between each independent variable and total depression scores; furthermore, indicating that as dietary EPA, DHA and 30-day PUFA intakes increase, depression scores decrease. Although results were statistically significant, the R 2 values suggest low predictive power; thus, results are not generalizable to the entire population.
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Harrison, Jeff. "It Takes a Village to Test Your Water: A New EPA Homeland Security Center." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622175.
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Hagar, Jennifer Linn. "An ORISE Fellowship with the U.S. EPA: Advanced Water Quality Modeling for Water Security." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1314299119.
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Coleman, Danielle Nicole. "The effects of supplementing EPA and DHA during late gestation on ewes and lambs." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1498824557998868.
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Parsons, William Grant. "A re-evaluation of the US EPA radon risk categorization for Unicoi County, Tennessee." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0717103-133239/unrestricted/ParsonW08062003.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.E.H.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0717103-133239. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Farooq, Muhammad Akmal. "Potential of omega-3 EPA/DHA 6/1 to ameliorate ageing-related endothelial dysfunction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ107/document.
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La présente étude évalue la capacité de la formulation d’oméga-3 EPA:DHA 6:1, une formulation capable d’induire la formation continue de monoxyde d’azote par la NO synthase endothéliale, à améliorer la dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge établie chez le rat. La dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge est caractérisée par une altération des composantes de la relaxation et une augmentation des réponses contractiles dépendantes de l’endothélium. L’âge augmente le stress oxydant vasculaire, l’expression de la NADPH oxydase, COX-2, eNOS, ACE, AT1R, et des marqueurs de senescence, alors que la COX-1 est sous-exprimé. La formulation EPA:DHA 6:1 améliore la composante NO, diminue l’EDCF et le stress oxydant vasculaire, et normalise l’expression des protéines cibles. En conclusion, la consommation chronique de EPA:DHA 6:1 améliore la dysfonction endothéliale liée à l’âge chez le rat, probablement en prévenant l’activation du système angiotensine locale et le stress oxydant en résultantEPA:DHA 6:1 omega-3 formulation has been shown to induce a sustained endothelial NO synthase-derived formation of nitric oxide. This study examined if the intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improves an established ageing-related endothelial dysfunction. Ageing-related endothelial dysfunction was characterized by a blunted NO-mediated component of relaxation, abolished EDH-mediated component and increased COX-derived endothelium-dependent contractile responses. Ageing increased vascular oxidative stress, expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, COX-2, eNOS, ACE, AT1R, and senescence markers, whereas COX-1 was down-regulated. Chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 improved the NO-mediated relaxations, reduced EDCFs, vascular oxidative stress and normalized the expression of protein markers. In conclusion, chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the ageing-related endothelial dysfunction in old rats, most likely by preventing activation of the local angiotensin system and the subsequent vascular oxidative stress
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Carrapeiro, Mariana de Magalhães. "Efeito do uso combinado de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3 e estatinas sobre biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo em mulheres com dislipidemia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-05072010-153956/.
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Alimentos e suplementos adicionados de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega 3, tais como os ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosaexaenóico (DHA), tem sido comercializados com a alegação funcional de reduzir as concentrações de triacilgliceróis (TG) e, assim, reduzir o risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Entretanto, pelo fato desses ácidos graxos apresentarem uma cadeia carbônica altamente insaturada, o consumo crônico em doses elevadas poderia levar a um aumento da susceptibilidade do organismo ao estresse oxidativo. O desequilíbrio nos processos oxidativos pode ser um agravante em indivíduos dislipidêmicos, uma vez que essa população normalmente controla as altas concentrações de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) com medicamentos como as estatinas, e a oxidação da LDL é um dos fatores mais importantes para o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose. Uma vez que a proposta dos alimentos funcionais e suplementos nutracêuticos é de agir como coadjuvantes à prescrição terapêutica, indivíduos sob tratamento a base de estatinas seriam um público-alvo para produtos adicionados de ácidos graxos ômega 3. Desta forma, a proposta deste estudo foi de avaliar o efeito de uma suplementação contendo EPA e DHA sobre alguns biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo em mulheres com dislipidemia controlada por estatinas. Seguindo delineamento crossover duplo cego, 45 indivíduos foram distribuídos em 4 grupos e receberam a seguinte suplementação: cápsulas de óleo de milho/soja, sem estatina (Placebo); cápsulas de milho/soja, com estatina (Estatina); cápsulas de óleo de peixe, sem estatina (Omega 3); cápsulas de óleo de peixe, com estatina (Combinado). Os indivíduos foram orientados a consumir 4 cápsulas (2,3 g de EPA e DHA) por dia durante 42 dias. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue antes e após o período de intervenção para analise das concentrações séricas de glicose, lipoproteínas, perfil de ácidos graxos no plasma e marcadores do estresse oxidativo. A suplementação com EPA e DHA na dosagem de 2,3 g/dia foi efetiva na redução das concentrações séricas de LDL e TG apenas na presença de estatinas, confirmando o uso combinado desses compostos para melhoria do perfil lipoprotéico. Por outro lado, essa suplementação parece induzir um aumento do estresse oxidativo, evidenciado pelo aumento da concentração plasmática de malondialdeído, provavelmente decorrente da redução da expressão da catalase promovida pelos AGPI n-3.Food and supplements that contain n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, have been commercialized using functional claim to reduce triacylglycerol (TG) concentration and, hence, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, as these fatty acids are highly unsaturated, the chronic consumption in high doses could raise the susceptibility of the organism to oxidative stress. Oxidative processes imbalance can be a problem in dyslipidemic individuals, once this population usually controls the high concentration of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with drugs such as statins, and oxidation of LDL is one of the most important factors to the atherosclerosis development. Since functional foods and nutraceutical supplements are supposed to contribute to the therapeutic prescription, dyslipidemic individual under statins treatment could be the target to products containing n-3 fatty acids. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation containing EPA and DHA on some biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with dyslipidemia controlled by statins. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study was carried out with 45 women who were distributed into 4 groups that received the following supplementation: corn/soy oil capsules, no statin (Placebo); corn/soy oil capsules, with statin (Statin); fish oil capsules, no statin (Omega 3); fish oil capsules, with statin (Combined). The individuals were instructed to consume 4 capsules (2.3 g of EPA and DHA) every day during 42 days. Blood samples were collected before and after the supplementation to evaluate serum glucose and lipoprotein concentrations, plasma fatty acid profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress. N-3 PUFA supplementation (2.3 g/day) was effective in reducing serum LDL and TG concentrations only when combined with statins, confirming the combined use of these compounds for improvement of lipoprotein profile. On the other hand, this supplementation seemed to induce an increase of the oxidative stress, evidenced by the higher malondialdehyde plasma concentrations, probably due to the reduction in catalase expression promoted by n-3 PUFA.
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Cerqueira, Sara Raquel Peixoto. "Os ácidos gordos ómega-3 e os seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4162.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências FarmacêuticasOs ácidos gordos ómega-3, nomeadamente o ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), são necessários ao ser humano, não só como componentes estruturais das membranas celulares, mas também como precursores de mediadores bioquímicos de respostas inflamatórias e imunológicas, os eicosanóides, como as prostaglandinas (PG), os tromboxanos (TX) e os leucotrienos (LT), e de outros mediadores com efeito anti-inflamatório, as resolvinas, protetina e maresina. Para além disso, estes ácidos gordos têm ainda um papel importante na diminuição da produção de proteínas inflamatórias, como as citocinas e as quimiocinas. Os ácidos gordos ómega-3 são, portanto, compostos bioativos fisiologicamente envolvidos em patologias, como as doenças cardiovasculares e doenças inflamatórias e imunológicas, como a artrite reumatoide, a asma, a doença inflamatória do intestino, a psoríase e o lúpus, modulando a sua evolução de forma positiva. Nos últimos anos verificaram-se profundas alterações na alimentação dos povos ocidentais, com um enorme aumento do consumo de ácidos gordos ómega-6, associado a um baixo consumo de ómega-3, que tem sido correlacionado com o aumento de patologias inflamatórias, como as atrás referidas. É, por isso, fundamental divulgar a importância de incrementar a ingestão destes ácidos gordos na dieta humana. Omega-3 fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential to humans, not only as structural components of cell membranes, but also as precursors of biochemical mediators of inflammatory and immunological responses, the eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins (PG), thromboxanes (TX), prostacyclins (PG) and leukotrienes (LT) and other mediators with anti-inflammatory effect, such as resolvins, protectin and maresin. Besides that, these fatty acids have also an important role by reducing the production of inflammatory proteins, as cytokines and chemocytokines. Therefore, omega-3 fatty acids are bioactive compounds physiologically involved in pathologies such as cardiovascular disease and inflammatory or immunological diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and lupus, modulating its evolution in a positive way. In last years, profound changes in Western people diet occurred, with a huge increase in omega-6 fatty acids consumption, combined with a low consumption of omega-3, that has been correlated with an increase in inflammatory diseases such as those mentioned above. It is therefore fundamental to transmit the importance of increasing the intake of these fatty acids in the human diet.
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Ferreira, Maria Antónia Valentim Ventura Ermitão. "De memória de espaço régio a Escola Prática de Artilharia: um património a conhecer, preservar e valorizar." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15339.
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A presente dissertação inscreve-se no Mestrado de Gestão e Valorização do Património Histórico e Cultural da Universidade de Évora, privilegiando a história local e as temáticas da memória coletiva e do património.
Como objeto de estudo selecionamos o antigo Palácio das Passagens mandado construir por D.João V, hoje Escola Prática de Artilharia situado na zona central da cidade de Vendas Novas e o Polígono de Tiro, situado na zona noroeste da cidade. O período de estudo situa-se entre os anos de 1728, data da construção do Palácio e a atualidade. Do ponto de vista metodológico, foi crucial, entre a bibliografia e fontes disponíveis, o levantamento e análise das memórias acerca deste espaço que foram escritas ao longo do tempo por várias pessoas. Tratámos o Património edificado, fazendo o levantamento do mesmo e apontamos sugestões para uma requalificação no Polígono de Tiro, contribuindo desta forma para a sua defesa e preservação; ABSTRACT: The present dissertation is inscribed in the Management and Enhancement of Historical and Cultural Heritage at the University of Évora, master´s degree, focusing local history and collective memory themes and heritage.
As a subject of study, we select the ancient Passages Palace built under D. JoãoV reign, today is Practical School of Artillery located in city centre of Vendas Novas and the Polygon shot of that school, situated in the northwest city. The period study is set between 1728, date of the Palace construction, and the present days. From the methodological point of view, was crucial, between the bibliography and the sources available, a research and analysis of memories about this space, which were written over time by several people.
We explore the heritage buildings making a survey of it and pointed suggestions for the Polygon shot rehabilitation, thus contributing to its defense and preservation.
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Rodrigues, Afonso Fernando Marques Bordalo de Madeira. "Incorporação da microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica na alimentação de cavalos. Uma nova fonte de ácido eicosapentaenóico." Master's thesis, ISA, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21308.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal / Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade de LisboaUm dos maiores desafios na nutrição de cavalos de desporto é a formulação de uma dieta equilibrada que mantenha o bem-estar, saúde e adicionalmente permita a melhoria da performance. Os PUFA ómega-3 ao estarem envolvidos num grande número de funções fisiológicas despertam um grande interesse, proporcionando benefícios como melhoria do sistema reprodutivo e da resposta inflamatória. Nos últimos anos, as microalgas marinhas têm sido utilizadas na alimentação humana e animal como fonte de PUFA ómega-3, devido ao seu alto conteúdo em ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA, 20: 5n-3) e docosahexaenóico (DHA, 22: 6n-3). Este trabalho visa explorar a introdução da microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, como fonte de EPA para equinos. Durante 112 dias, 8 cavalos Lusitanos saudáveis adultos foram divididos em dois grupos: um de controlo (C) e um grupo suplementado com a microalga (A). A introdução da microalga na dieta foi progressiva, tendo havido amostragens de sangue e fezes no período de adaptação (28 dias), no período de alimentação com a alga (28 dias) e no período após a remoção da alga (“Washout” - 56 dias). A Nannochloropsis oceanica (contendo 4.8 g de EPA) foi fornecida diariamente aos cavalos, na quantidade de 200 g, misturada com o alimento composto comercial. Com a introdução da microalga na dieta, o teor de EPA, subiu de 0 para 1.71 % do total de ácidos gordos no plasma, tendo-se verificado igualmente uma subida do EPA de 0 para 0.76 % no total de ácidos gordos, ao nível dos eritrócitos. Após a remoção da microalga da dieta, os teores de EPA decresceram rapidamente. Através do cálculo da digestibilidade aparente do EPA, obteve-se um valor de 95%, este que indica que o EPA contido na Nannochloropsis oceanica é absorvido e digerido no trato gastrointestinal. Dependendo do preço e da disponibilidade, considera-se que esta microalga, poderá vir a ser uma fonte alternativa de EPA para equinos
N/A
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Nair, Arjun Ayillath 1978. "Implementation of the IWA River Water Quality Model no. 1 in US EPA WASP 5.0." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84798.
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Hart, Nicholas R. "Evaluation at EPA| Determinants of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Capacity to Supply Program Evaluation." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10149373.
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Since the inception of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), considerable emphasis has been placed on the use of prospective policy analysis tools that aim to inform environmental decisions, including cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment. However, compared to the prevalence of ex ante analysis at the EPA to inform decisions, relatively little evaluation of these same environmental policies is conducted after implementation, to inform future policy development or to modify existing policies.
This dissertation applied accountability, organizational learning, evaluation capacity, and institutionalism literature in consideration of processes and determinants that affect evaluation supply at the EPA. The dissertation relied on archival documents, semi-structured interviews, and three embedded case studies of EPA’s ambient air, hazardous waste, and performance partnership programs. Ten key factors were identified across the three case studies in this research that affect EPA's production of program evaluation to inform decision-making, and a new emergent model of evaluation capacity was proposed for EPA given the agency's regulatory structure. This research concludes that evaluation has much to offer EPA decision-makers, and efforts to improve evaluation capacity will present organizational learning opportunities that can further support the agency's evidence-building practices, specifically improving the application and use of program evaluation at EPA.
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Paschoal, Vivian Almeida. "Efeito comparativo dos ácidos eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e docosa-hexaenóico (DHA) sobre a função de neutrófilos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-10022012-111330/.
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Os efeitos de EPA e DHA sobre a função de neutrófilos foram comparados. Para isso, foram realizados experimentos em neutrófilos isolados de ratos. Foram analisadas células com a membrana plasmática íntegra e fragmentação de DNA com o intuito de determinar as concentrações não tóxicas de EPA e DHA. Aumento da produção de peróxido de hidrogênio ocorreu a partir de concentrações menores de DHA (50 mM comparado com 100 mM de EPA). Já para a produção de ânion superóxido, EPA estimulou em doses menores (12.5 mM e o DHA em 100 mM). Ambos AGs aumentaram a síntese e liberação das citocinas CINC-2 e TNF-α e não modificaram a produção de IL1-b e óxido nítrico após incubação das células por 18 horas. Somente DHA elevou a capacidade fagocitária e a atividade fungicida dos neutrófilos. EPA e DHA apresentaram efeitos distintos na produção de citocinas, fagocitose e atividade fungicida dos neutrófilos. Já na produção das EROS, EPA e DHA apresentaram efeitos similares, embora em concentrações diferentes.The effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) on neutrophil function were compared. For this purpose, experiments were performed in isolated rat neutrophils. Cells with intact plasma membrane and DNA fragmentation were analyzed in order to determine the non-toxic concentrations of EPA and DHA. Production of H2O2 was increased in lower concentrations of DHA (50 mM compared to 100 mM of EPA). For production of O2 -, EPA stimulated at lower doses (12.5 mM compared to 100 mM of DHA). Both FAs increased synthesis and release of cytokines, CINC-2 and TNF-α, and did not change the production of IL-1b and nitric oxide after incubation of the cells for 18 hours. Only DHA increased the phagocytic capacity and fungicidal activity of neutrophils. These FAs showed distinct effects on cytokine production, phagocytosis capacity and fungicidal activity by neutrophils. For production of ROS, both EPA and DHA had similar actions, although at different concentrations.
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Eynard, Thierry. "Synthèses d'isomères géométriques des acides α-linolénique, eicosapentaénoïque (EPA) et docosahexaénoïque (DHA) marqués au 14C." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10222.
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L'acide alpha-linolenique, acide gras essentiel, est le precurseur obligatoire des acides eicosapentaenoique (epa) et docosahexaenoique (dha), acides gras polyinsatures superieurs qui entrent dans la prevention des maladies cardiovasculaires. L'acide alpha-linolenique, abondant dans l'huile de lin et a un degre moindre dans les huiles de colza, de soja et de noix, est isomerise partiellement en positions c-9 et c-15 au cours des operations de raffinage, en particulier lors de la desodorisation. Il a ete montre que l'isomere delta15trans est metabolise chez le rat en epa delta 17trans et dha delta 19trans, comme l'est l'isomere naturel. Dans le but de preciser le metabolisme de ces composes mono-trans, ainsi que leurs effets physiopathologiques, nous avons synthetise dans un premier temps les isomeres delta15 trans et delta9trans de l'acide linolenique marques au #1#4c en position c-1. Dans un deuxieme temps nous avons mis au point les syntheses de l'epa, de l'epa delta 17trans, du dha et du dha delta 19trans marques. Le marquage isotopique des chaines longues a ete prevu en position n-3 terminale, afin d'eviter une perte de la radioactivite lors de la retroconversion du dha en epa ou par beta-elimination, une des etapes du catabolisme des acides gras. La stereochimie z ou e de la double liaison en bout de chaine de l'epa, du dha et de leurs analogues mono-trans, est obtenue stereoselectivement suivant les conditions operatoires a partir d'un seul derive propylique marque au #1#4c
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Ondich, Gregory George. "New Role Orientations for U.S. EPA Officials in the Next Generation System of Environmental Protection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27490.
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At the start of the twenty-first century, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials can look back on nearly thirty years of meaningful accomplishments. Toxic releases are down, the air and water are cleaner, and waste disposal methods are greatly improved. Although this is a record of which EPA officials should be proud, is it sufficient to carry them into the next century? Conventional wisdom among scholars, environmental policy advocates, and even EPA officials indicates that it is not.
The new century is bringing complex challenges and, in some cases, the changing conditions are threatening the progress EPA has struggled to achieve. Some of the tools and approaches this agency has relied upon historically, such as notice and comment rulemaking, single stakeholder consultations, and positional leadership, are no longer adequate to address existing environmental challenges and new emerging environmental problems.
The Common Sense Initiative (CSI) was launched by EPA in mid-1994 as a fundamentally different approach to environmental protection. Its sector-based, multistakeholder, consensus decision-making process was counter to EPA's traditional command-and-control approach. CSI was created with the intent to heal the growing dysfunctional relationships that exist among government co-regulators (i.e., EPA and state and local agencies), the regulated industry, and non-governmental organizations (i.e., environmentalists and environmental justice organizations). Even though EPA officials realized the limitations of the existing regulatory approach, they had trouble "giving up control."
Nonetheless, during the four-year history of the CSI process, EPA personnel had an opportunity to see themselves in a different light and to operate in a new organizational regime. Rather than being just regulators, they were able to become solvers of environmental problems. Rather than being position-oriented, they were able to become person-oriented. Instead of seeking ownership and control, they were able to obtain leverage through partnerships and collaboration. In short, EPA officials were building social capital and a new style of management"facilitative leadership. A facilitative leader leads without controlling, communicates without being condescending, and uses synergism to help groups achieve "win-win" results. This new paradigm has the potential to help EPA better adapt in the next generation system of environmental protection.Ph. D.
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Gillilan, Jo Anna. "IMPROVEMENT OF U.S. EPA MINIMUM RISK ESSENTIAL OILS’ PESTICIDE ACTIVITY THROUGH SURFACTANT ENHANCEMENT AND SYNERGY." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343666756.
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Bernardo, Iris Andreia Soares. "Avaliação de riscos e benefícios da população portuguesa, crianças em idade pré-escolar e adultos, associados ao consumo de espécies de peixe alvo." Master's thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14852.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar / Instituto Superior de AgronomiaPortugal é o país da União Europeia com o consumo per capita de pescado mais elevado, cerca de 147 g/dia. Apesar do consumo de peixe ser cada vez mais recomendado numa alimentação equilibrada, não só pela diversidade de espécies, mas também pelos importantes benefícios para a saúde dos consumidores, é importante considerar alguns dos riscos mais relevantes associados ao consumo destes produtos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os principais riscos (metilmercúrio, MeHg) e benefícios (ácido eicosapentaenóico + ácido docosahexaenóico, EPA+DHA e selénio, Se) associados ao consumo das espécies de peixe mais consumidas em Portugal, nos refeitórios escolares e com interesse comercial/nutricional. A metodologia usada nesta avaliação foi baseada na mais avançada modelação matemático-estatística e nos teores de MeHg, EPA+DHA e Se proveniente do peixe cru e/ou cozinhado bem como na bioacessibilidade/biodisponibilidade dos compostos estudados. Para os cenários propostos, considerou-se que uma dose é a porção de parte edível de peixe recomendada nutricionalmente, numa refeição, sendo 50g para adultos e 25g para crianças em idade pré-escolar. A metodologia permitiu avaliar o binómio risco-benefício para diferentes cenários de consumo, incluindo efeitos do consumo de peixe na prevenção de doenças coronárias e na alteração do QI de crianças. Portanto, este trabalho permitiu avanços na avaliação dos níveis de consumo recomendáveis das principais espécies de peixe consumidas. A nível do EPA+DHA e Se, espécies como o salmão e a sardinha, oferecem o máximo benefício na prevenção de doenças coronárias, razão molar Se:MeHg e Se-HBV superior. Relativamente ao MeHg, espécies como a tintureira, podem representar um risco mesmo apenas considerando uma refeição/semana, apesar de não conferirem perdas de pontos no QI de crianças como resultado da frequência do consumo materno de peixe
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Hricik, Laurel Brooke. "AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1200069965.
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Shubinski, Barbara Lynn Raeburn John Rigal Laura. "From FSA to EPA project documerica, the dustbowl legacy, and the quest to photograph 1970s America /." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/434.
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Andegiorgis, Sara. "Paradoxen i Västafrika : En jämförande studie mellan Elfenbenskustens och Ghanas agerande i EPA-förhandlingarna med EU." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90877.
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Varför har Elfenbenskusten och inte Ghana skrivit på ett interimsavtal med EU mellan 2008 och 2013? Utifrån ovanställda frågeställning utreder föreliggande uppsats paradoxen om två förhållandevis lika länder som har agerat olika i förhandlingar med EU om ekonomiska partnerskapsavtal (EPA). Frågan besvaras med hjälp av förhandlingsteoretiska förklaringar som belyser varför avtal sluts eller ej. För uppsatsen ändmål sammanfattas dessa som inrikespolitiska, miljömässiga och strukturella aspekter. Resultatet visar att inrikespolitiska förändringar i Ghana föranledde landets beslut att avstå från att underteckna interimsavtal med EU. För Elfenbenskustens del förelåg miljömässiga aspekter som kunde förklara varför landet beslöt sig för att underteckna ett interimsavtal med EU.
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Niazi, Zahid Rasul. "Optimized EPA/DHA 6/1 formulation prevents Angiotensin-II induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ029/document.
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La présente étude évalue la capacité de EPA:DHA 6:1, une formulation d’omega-3 capable d’induire la formation continue de monoxyde d’azote par la NO synthase endothéliale, à prévenir l’hypertension et la dysfonction endothéliale induites par l’angiotensine II (Ang II) chez le rat. L’hypertension induite par l’Ang II est associée à une dysfonction endothéliale caractérisée par une altération des composantes de la relaxation et une augmentation des réponses contractiles dépendantes de l’endothélium. L’Ang II augmente le stress oxydant vasculaire et l’expression de NADPH oxydase, COXs, eNOS, et AT1R, alors que SKCa et connexin 37 sont sous-exprimés. EPA:DHA 6:1 prévient l’hypertension, la dysfonction endothéliale et la surexpression des protéines cibles. En conclusion, la consommation chronique de EPA:DHA 6:1 prévient l’hypertension et la dysfonction endothéliale induites par l’Ang II chez le rat, probablement en prévenant le stress oxydant dû à la NADPH oxydase et aux cyclooxygénasesEPA:DHA 6:1 has been shown to be a superior omega-3 formulation inducing a sustained endothelial NO synthase-derived formation of nitric oxide. This study examined whether chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevents hypertension and endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in rats. Ang II-induced hypertension was associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by blunted components of relaxation and increased endothelium-dependent contractile responses. Ang II increased the vascular oxidative stress, and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, COXs, eNOS, and AT1R whereas SKCa and connexin 37 were down-regulated. Intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the Ang II-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction, and improved expression of target proteins. In conclusion, chronic intake of EPA:DHA 6:1 prevented the Ang II induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats, most likely by preventing NADPH oxidase and cyclooxygenase-derived oxidative stress
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Allca, Castillo Yenny Maribel. "Evaluación de la estabilidad del EPA contenido en el aceite extraído de la microalga Nannochloropsis Oceánica." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6796.
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El presente trabajo de investigación, se realizó con el fin de estudiar la estabilidad oxidativa del EPA en el tiempo del aceite extraído de la especie Nannochloropsis oceanica.
Se comparó la eficiencia de extracción del aceite a partir de la biomasa seca por dos métodos, uno en frio y otro en caliente, para contrastar la importancia del empleo de un método en frio, que permitiría una mejor extracción de carotenoides y la preservación de otros antioxidantes. Se evaluó determinando el rendimiento del método de extracción y el contenido de ácidos grasos presentes, confirmando que el método en frio, es más adecuado para un análisis de estabilidad.
Se analizó cualitativamente su capacidad antioxidante total por voltametría estimando la señal característica de los carotenoides para la muestra. Se analizó el efecto del β-caroteno en la muestra, para lo cual se realizó adiciones sucesivas de estándar y se observó su influencia positiva en la capacidad antioxidante total.
A la matriz se le realizó un test de almacenamiento a 37°C, por lapsos de tiempo de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 días, en los cuales se le realizó los análisis respectivos de cuantificación de EPA por GC, evaluación del contenido de β- caroteno por HPLC, un análisis cualitativo de la capacidad antioxidante total por voltametría y determinación del índice de peróxido. Los estudios que se realizaron en los carotenoides por las técnicas de HPLC y voltametría, por presentar contenido muy bajo en la matriz, no mostraron señales significativas.
Para el estudio de estabilidad oxidativa del EPA en el tiempo, se analizó como variable de estudio la concentración del EPA respecto al análisis del índice de peróxido, mediante un análisis de correlación observando que existía una alta correlación inversa entre las dos metodologías. Esto indicaría que el análisis de índice de peróxido sería un buen indicador de la estabilidad del EPA en la matriz.Tesis
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Munnell, Charles Howard. "Government by contract: Bureaucracy, contract law, and the procurement of professional services at EPA, 1980-1995 /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487946776023256.
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Lopes, Rafael Garcia. "Análise molecular da produção do ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) pela microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum em um contexto ecofisiológico." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2017. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/180896.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Florianópolis, 2017.Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T03:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 348744.pdf: 2197516 bytes, checksum: 31e87183b524275798bb8e4777c7375c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017
Os ácidos graxos poli-insaturados de cadeia longa (PUFA), especialmente os ácidos Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e Docosahexaenoico (DHA) da família ?-3 são reconhecidos como nutracêuticos e desempenham papéis importantes na sanidade animal e humana. Entretanto, existe uma crescente preocupação tanto em relação à possível contaminação, quanto à sustentabilidade no fornecimento da matéria-prima fonte desses ácidos graxos. Nesse cenário, as microalgas (produtoras naturais de PUFA) podem se tornar uma fonte alternativa à produção de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados. Uma espécie, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, naturalmente acumula elevadas concentrações de EPA, o que faz dessa diatomácea uma espécie promissora como fonte de PUFA ?-3. Contudo, ainda não é bem compreendido qual é a possível interação ambiental na biossíntese de EPA em um nível molecular. Em um primeiro estudo, foi avaliada a possível modulação nos níveis de transcrição de seis genes envolvidos na biossíntese de EPA ? as desaturases PTD15, PTD6, PTD5 alfa e beta e as elongases ELO6 b1 e b2 ? em diferentes razões N/P (21/1, 14/1 e 7/1) e em diferentes fases de cultivo. Todos os níveis de transcrição foram dependentes da fase de cultivo, enquanto somente dois genes (PTD6 e PTD5 alfa) foram modulados por uma razão N/P. O perfil de expressão gênica (PTD5 alfa) pode estar associado aos níveis de EPA em pelo menos em uma razão N/P (21/1). Com os dados dos níveis de transcritos, concentrações de EPA e a falta de alguns intermediários da via poderiam indicar algum tipo de regulação entre a transcrição gênica e a biossíntese de EPA. Já em um segundo trabalho, foi verificada a influência de três diferentes fotoperíodos (24:0, 16:8 e 12:12) na transcrição dos mesmos seis genes da via de síntese de EPA. Os níveis de transcrição foram distintos entre os três regimes de iluminação empregados, com um padrão de sobre-expressão no fotoperíodo 12:12 em relação aos outros dois tratamentos. No fotoperíodo 16:8, os perfis dos transcritos atingiram um pico de expressão ao final do período escuro. Já as culturas iluminadas continuamente não apresentaram mudanças nos perfis de expressão relativa dos genes associados. Por último, os genes PTD5 alfa e PTD6 apresentaram um padrão de coexpressão em todos o tratamentos, possivelmente indicando a importância de ambos na biossíntese de EPA.
Abstract : The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), notably the Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids of the ?-3 family are acknowledged as nutraceuticals and play important roles in human and animal health. However, there is a crescent concern in a possible contamination, as well as the sustainability in the fatty acids natural sources supply. In this scenario, microalgae (natural PUFA producers) could become an alternative source at PUFA production and supply. One species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, naturally accumulates high EPA contents, which makes this diatom a promising species as a ?-3 PUFA source. Nevertheless, it is still not well understood the possible environment interaction on EPA biosynthesis on a molecular level. In the first study, it was evaluated the possible modulation of six gene transcript levels involved in EPA biosynthesis ? desaturases PTD15, PTD6, PTD5 alfa, beta and elongases ELO6 b1, b2 ? in different N/P ratios (21/1, 14/1 and 7/1) and in different cultivation phases. All gene transcription levels were growth phase dependent, while only two genes (PTD6 and PTD5 alpha) were modulated by N/P ratios. At least in one N/P ratio (21/1), one gene expression profile (PTD5 alpha) might be associated with the EPA levels. Data from gene transcripts, EPA concentration, and the lack of some EPA intermediates might indicate some type of regulatory step between gene transcription and actual EPA biosynthesis. In the second work, it was verified the influence of three different photoperiods (24:0, 16:8 and 12:12) in the transcription levels of the same six genes involved in EPA biosynthesis. The transcription levels were distinct among the three illumination regimes employed, with a 12:12 photoperiod upregulation pattern in relation to the other two treatments. In the 16:8 photoperiod, the transcript profiles presented an upregulated expression peak at the end of the dark period. While the cultures with continuous illumination did not present changes at the relative associated gene expression levels. Lastly, the PTD5 alpha and PTD6 genes showed a co-expression pattern in all treatments, which possibly indicates the importance of both expression products in the EPA biosynthesis.
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Shubinski, Barbara Lynn. "From FSA to EPA: project documerica, the dustbowl legacy, and the quest to photograph 1970s America." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/434.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation interprets the images and archival records of Project Documerica, the Environmental Protection Agency's photography project that ran from 1971 to 1977. Directed by Gifford Hampshire, a former National Geographic editor, Documerica was modeled on 1930s Farm Security Administration photography, which had helped establish the documentary genre through iconic images of Depression-era America. Whereas the FSA had shown the human costs of the Dust Bowl, Documerica aimed to reveal the natural and social costs of the environmental crisis. Vocal public environmental concern made Documerica appealing to EPA officials, and this new agency's still-forming bureaucracy enabled Hampshire's ambitious plan to remount an FSA-style initiative.
Documerica's mission included: creating a “visual baseline” of the U.S. environment from which future progress could be measured; documenting the EPA's successes in ameliorating the crisis; chronicling the environmental movement, including non-activist Americans in relationship to their environment, broadly defined; and compiling a visual encyclopedia of American life in the 1970s, as the FSA had done in the 1930s. The urge to revive a national, FSA-style undertaking expressed widespread nostalgia for a mythic American past in the 1970s, an era fraught with social upheaval over Civil Rights and Vietnam.
In its time, Documerica failed to achieve recognition comparable to the FSA's, and folded prematurely. Yet its 22,000 images, housed at the National Archives, nonetheless provide a complex portrait of the U.S. during a moment of significant cultural transition. This dissertation interprets Documerica's photographs, its bureaucratic struggles, and its nostalgia in the context of the massive social, political, and economic shifts of the 1970s. In particular, it examines Documerica's focus on the post-industrial landscape, exploring why the project emphasized the changing aesthetics of the built environment as much as threats to the natural environment. The dissertation centers on visual conceptions of American small towns, cities and suburbs in six specific series by photographers Ken Heyman, Danny Lyon, Yoichi Okamoto, Kenneth Paik, Suzanne Szasz, and Arthur Tress. Encapsulating Documerica's central preoccupation with preservation, these images of architectural and social environments evince the era's deep-seated anxieties about fragmentation, degradation, suburban sprawl, urban decline, and proliferating car culture.