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Journal articles on the topic 'EONS'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Singh, Tarun, Elizabeth H. Barnes, and David Isaacs. "Early-onset neonatal infections in Australia and New Zealand, 2002–2012." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 104, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): F248—F252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-314671.

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BackgroundThe epidemiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) varies over time, and requires regular surveillance.ObjectiveTo analyse data on EONS in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data collected longitudinally from multiple neonatal units from 2002 to 2012.ResultsOf 386 423 live births, 454 infants had EONS. The incidence rate of EONS was 1.20 per 1000 live births in 2002 and 0.83 in 2012, decreasing by 4% per year (95% CI 1% to 7%, p=0.007). Group B streptococcus (GBS) (37%) and Escherichia coli (25%) were the most prevalent organisms. The early-onset GBS (EOGBS) incidence rate was 0.43/1000 live births, with no evidence of change over time (p=0.3). Of EOGBS-infected babies, 62% were born at term compared with 8% with early-onset E. coli sepsis, p<0.0001. The mortality of E. coli early-onset sepsis (EOS) (25%) was higher than GBS (11%), but this difference in mortality was no longer significant after adjusting for gestation and birth weight. Mortality from EOS fell significantly over the study period (17% per year, 95% CI 10 to 24, p<0.0001).ConclusionsGBS was the most common cause of early sepsis, but the incidence was lower than prior to the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, and remained steady over time. The mortality of early-onset E. coli sepsis was significantly higher than GBS sepsis, but this may have been because almost all babies with E. coli were born preterm, rather than a difference in virulence.

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2

Redmond, K. "EONS core curriculum." European Journal of Cancer 35 (September 1999): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(99)80514-0.

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3

Jeengar, Balveer, Sunil Gothwal, Kailash Kumar Meena, Vijendra Kumar Garg, Vivek Athwani, Manohar Lal Gupta, Kuldeep Meena, and Ghan Shyam Bairwa. "Vitamin D Levels and Early Onset Sepsis in Newborns." Journal of Neonatology 35, no. 2 (June 2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09732179211019905.

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Aim: To find out association between vitamin D level and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methods: This case control study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Northern India during June 2018 to May 2019. Neonates with culture-proven EONS were included as case and neonates without EONS were enrolled as control. 25OH-D levels were evaluated with other routine blood samples. Statistical analysis was done by using unpaired t test and chi-square test. Results: Sixty-two infants were enrolled in each group; baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Risk of EONS increased 8 times in neonates with 25OH-D level <30 ng/mL (odds ratio = 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.08-21.82; P = .000). The 25OH-D level was significantly lower in EONS group than control group. Optimal cut-off for 25OH-D was 25 ng/mL to predict EONS with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.7% and 79%, respectively (area under the curve: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.92; P = .000). Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency is significantly associated with EONS. Vitamin D deficiency significantly increases risk of EONS. Maternal vitamin D supplementation may improve neonatal vitamin D levels and may decreases risk of EONS. Further studies including maternal vitamin D level are required for implementation.

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Febriani, Andi Dwi Bahagia, Nilam Sartika Putri, Ema Alasiry, and Dasril Daud. "Nasopharyngeal colonization at birth and the development of early-onset neonatal sepsis." Paediatrica Indonesiana 60, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi60.6.2020.287-92.

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Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Exposure to maternal bacteria during pregnancy or delivery allows for colonization of the normal upper airway. Such bacteria become the major ecological species in the infant. If the colonizing bacteria invade the bloodstream, early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) could occur. Objective To evaluate for an association between colonization of the newborn nasopharynx and EONS, as well as for agreement between nasopharyngeal swab culture and blood culture isolate results. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar, South Sulawesi. Nasopharyngeal swab culture was taken within 2 hours of life from newborns who met the inclusion criteria, then they were followed up for signs of EONS. Blood culture was taken from subject with EONS. Results Of the 100 newborns, 69 (69%) had nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization, of whom 5.8% (4/69) experienced EONS. Of the remaining 31 (31%) without colonization, 9.7% (3/31) experienced EONS. There was no significant difference in frequency of EONS between newborns with and without nasopharyngeal colonization. Although Gram-negative bacteria were predominant among colonized newborns, there was no significant difference to numbers of Gram-positive bacteria as a causative agent of EONS. Only one patient with EONS had the same bacterial species in both the nasopharynx and blood culture isolate. Conclusion Newborn nasopharyngeal colonization at birth is not associated with EONS.

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Sharma, Deepak, and Suresh Kumar. "Evaluation of Network Blocking Probability and Network Utilization Efficiency on Proposed Elastic Optical Network using RSA Algorithms." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0204.

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AbstractElastic optical networks (EONs) are new generation optical networks that provide flexible bandwidth and spectrum assignment characteristics to accommodate diverse demand range over traditional dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)-based networks. While overcoming spectrum contiguity and continuity constraints, Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) is a challenging task in EONs. In this article, we have proposed an EON network model. Using existing RSA techniques we have analyzed the performance of the proposed model on the basis of Network Blocking Probability (NBP) and Network Utilization Efficiency (NUE) under variable load conditions. It has been found to be working optimally even at a load of 200 Erlangs.

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Pereira, Suzette L., Marni E. Shoemaker, Susan Gawel, Gerard J. Davis, Menghua Luo, Vikkie A. Mustad, and Joel T. Cramer. "Biomarker Changes in Response to a 12-Week Supplementation of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Enriched with Protein, Vitamin D and HMB in Malnourished Community Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia." Nutrients 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061196.

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Malnutrition and sarcopenia commonly overlap and contribute to adverse health outcomes. Previously, chronic supplementation with two oral nutritional supplements (ONS), control (CONS) and experimental ONS enriched with protein, vitamin D and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) (EONS), improved muscle strength and quality in malnourished sarcopenic older adults, with EONS demonstrating early strength benefits at 12 weeks. To understand the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to the observed early strength benefits of EONS, we examined serum biomarker changes in response to 12-week supplementation. Serum samples (EONS (n = 90) and CONS (n = 103)) collected at baseline and 12 weeks were analyzed. Biomarkers (n = 243) were measured using multiplexed immunoassay, commercial immunoassays and ELISAs. Sixty markers were excluded with levels below assay detection limits. Sixteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to both interventions including nutritional and metabolic markers. Thirteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to EONS but not CONS. Increases in immunoglobulins, myoglobin, total protein, vitamin E and magnesium were observed with EONS. Inflammation-related ferritin and osteopontin decreased, while soluble receptors for cytokines increased, suggesting decreased inflammation. Sex hormone-binding globulin associated with sarcopenia also decreased with EONS. Biomarkers reflective of multiple biological systems were impacted by nutritional intervention in sarcopenic older adults. Incremental biomarker changes were observed in response to EONS containing HMB that possibly link to improvements in skeletal muscle health.

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7

Wiens, John J. "PISSING AWAY THE EONS." Evolution 61, no. 7 (July 2007): 1788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00142.x.

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8

Klymenko, Tetiana, and Kateryna Kosenko. "CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EARLY-ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS IN PRETERM INFANTS." EUREKA: Health Sciences 3 (May 31, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001284.

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Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among premature infants. Conducting high-quality epidemiological monitoring is an important condition for effective tactics treatment neonatal infections and improving the quality of medical care for this category of newborn. The aim. Determination of the value of microbiological triggers in the blood in various clinical options for EONS in preterm infants. Materials and methods. Clinical and microbiological data on 50 prematurely born newborns with EONS were selected. The analysis of the frequency of detected bacteremia, the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and the clinical characteristics of neonatal sepsis. Results. In the study, sources of infection were detected in 94 % of cases. Positive blood cultures were obtained in 17 (34 %) newborns with EONS. 61.5 % of all cases of bacteremia were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Gram-negative pathogens were detected in 23.5 % of positive blood cultures, representatives of this group were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. The overall mortality rate from EONS was 30 %. Conclusions. The incidence of sepsis confirmed by a positive blood culture was 34 %. The most common cause of EONS is CoNS, low incidence of group B Streptococcus sepsis has been established. The most frequent septicopymic sources of infection were the lungs, which is expressed in the high incidence (94 %) of X-ray pneumonia in the structure of the EONS.

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Del Rosario-Famadico, Sheryl, Ma Esterlita Uy, and John Anthony Tindoc. "Duration of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes as Predictor of Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Cohort Study." Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 20, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001006.

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Abstract Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has been associated with chorioamnionitis but studies are inconsistent on the relationship between PPROM latency and the risk of chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis. Objective: To define the association of PPROM latency and the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at a public tertiary hospital on 569 mothers with spontaneous rupture of membranes and with fetuses EONS was defined using test of association and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The association of HCA with maternal and neonatal characteristics as well as adverse neonatal outcomes were also determined. Results: A total of 569 mothers with PPROM were included. Incidence of HCA and EONS were 13% and 24% respectively. PPROM latency was significantly associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA (AUC = 0.7013; 76% accuracy at 31.5-hour cut-off) but failed as a predictor of EONS (AUC = 0.4799). PPROM, platelet count, CRP, and neutrophil count were ndependent predictors of HCA. HCA was associated with EONS and mortality. Mortality was higher in the presence of both HCA and EONS. Conclusion: Longer PPROM is associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA at a cut-off of 31.5 hours. PPROM fails as a predictor of EONS.

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10

Iyer, Sridhar, and Shree Prakash Singh. "Performance Analysis of Translucent Space Division Multiplexing Based Elastic Optical Networks." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 8, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v8i1.270.

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The required upgradation of the network capacity of the single-mode fiber which is constrained by the non-linear Shannon’s limit, and the capacity provisioning needed by the future diverse Internet traffic can be resolved by the adoption of the Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) based Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) (SDM-b-EONs). In the current work, we focus on the performance analysis of a SDM-b-EON in which translucent lightpaths are routed through the spectral super-channels over the spatial single-mode fiber(s) bundle(s) links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate three scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats according to transmission route characteristics. We conduct extensive simulations considering an online traffic case and two realistic network topologies with different numbers of (i) fibers in every link, and (ii) transceivers available within SDM-b-EON. The obtained results demonstrate that when regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and simultaneously the modulation format conversion is also permitted at every SDM-b-EON node both, largest traffic volume amounts can be provisioned, and significant SDM-b-EON performance scaling can be obtained with a corresponding increase in the utilized fibers amount.

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11

Ojha, Maitreyi, Ashish Pradhan, Sudip Dutta, and Anamika Jaiswal. "Use of umbilical cord blood culture in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis among high risk mothers." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i12.39724.

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Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Its early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential and any delay in the diagnosis can have serious consequences including neonatal death. Blood culture is the gold standard test for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) is a painless procedure and technically less challenging. We conducted this study to evaluate use of UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of peripheral venous blood culture (PVBC) reports. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of PVBC reports. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study consisting of 100 neonates who were at risk of EONS. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Gangtok between January 2018 and December 2019. Neonates found to be at risk of development of EONS were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after birth blood samples were collected from both umbilical cord and peripheral vein and were sent to bacteriology lab. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of both the samples were analyzed. Results: Out of 100 neonates in 32 (32%) EONS could be confirmed with positive sepsis screening results and/or demonstration of organisms on blood culture. Among the 32 neonates with EONS, 17 were found to be premature. The mean gestational age of newborns with EONS was found to be 35.2 weeks. The umbilical blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 74.4%, respectively, whereas peripheral vein blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 77.7% and 72.5%, respectively. The most common organism grown in our study was Escherichia coli. Conclusion: UCBC is painless and technically less challenging method of blood sampling. It has been found to have a higher sensitivity as well specificity for the diagnosis of EONS as compared to peripheral venous blood sample.

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Mithal, Leena B., Nirali Shah, Anna Romanova, and Emily S. Miller. "Antenatal Screening for Group B Streptococcus in the Setting of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: Empiric versus Culture-based Prophylaxis." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 10, no. 01 (January 2020): e26-e31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401807.

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Abstract Objective Imperfect culture sensitivity and increase of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) risk in preterm neonates raise concern that culture-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) may be insufficient after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Our objective was to compare rates of EONS after empiric versus culture-based IAP in PPROM. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women with a singleton gestation and PPROM between 23 and 33 weeks. Outcomes after culture-based IAP were compared with empiric IAP. The primary outcome was EONS. Secondary outcomes included group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteremia, bacteremia, and neonatal GBS infection. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses were performed. Results Of the 270 women who met inclusion criteria, 136 (50%) had culture-based IAP of whom 36 (26.5%) were GBS positive. There was no significant difference in bacteremia (2.2 vs. 4.5%, p = 0.30), GBS infection (0.8 vs. 0.7%, p = 1.00), or EONS (11.8 vs. 12.7%, p = 0.82) in infants of women with culture-based IAP compared with empiric IAP. Multivariable analysis confirmed a lack of advantage to empiric versus culture-based IAP in EONS risk (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–1.93). Conclusion In pregnancies complicated by PPROM, infants of women who received culture-based IAP had no significant difference in EONS or GBS infection compared with infants of women with empiric IAP.

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13

Kearney, N. "Overview of EONS educational initiatives." European Journal of Cancer 37 (April 2001): S384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(01)81873-6.

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14

Cotrim, H. "EONS Young Researchers Award Lecture." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 10, no. 3 (July 2006): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2006.04.009.

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15

Tabbah, Sammy, Catalin Buhimschi, Katherine Rodewald-Millen, Christopher Pierson, Vineet Bhandari, Philip Samuels, and Irina Buhimschi. "Hepcidin, an Iron Regulatory Hormone of Innate Immunity, is Differentially Expressed in Premature Fetuses with Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 09 (February 2, 2018): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626711.

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Objective Hepcidin, a mediator of innate immunity, binds the iron exporter ferroportin, leading to functional hypoferremia through intracellular iron sequestration. We explored hepcidin–ferroportin interactions in neonates clinically diagnosed with early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Study Design Hepcidin and interleukin (IL)-6 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 92 paired cord blood–maternal blood samples in the following groups: “Yes” EONS (n = 41, gestational age [GA] 29 ± 1 weeks) and “No” EONS (n = 51, GA 26 ± 1 weeks). Placental hepcidin and ferroportin expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Liver hepcidin and ferroportin expression patterns were ascertained in autopsy specimens of neonates (n = 8) who died secondary to culture-proven sepsis. Results Cord blood hepcidin was significantly elevated (GA corrected, p = 0.018) and was positively correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.379, p = 0.001) in EONS. Hepcidin localized at syncytiotrophoblast and fetal vascular endothelium. Placental ferroportin, but not hepcidin mRNA correlated with cord blood hepcidin levels (r = 0.46, p = 0.039) and funisitis severity (r = 0.50, p = 0.018). Newborns who died from sepsis (n = 4) had higher hepatic hepcidin and iron sequestration, but lower ferroportin staining than those who died of nonsepsis causes (n = 4). Conclusion Premature fetuses with EONS have elevated circulating hepcidin, likely related to lower placenta and liver ferroportin expression. Fetal hepcidin–ferroportin interaction appears to play a role in EONS pathophysiology independent of maternal response to intrauterine inflammation.

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Simanjuntak, Sherly Karolina, Sianny Herawati, Made Sukmawati, I. Wayan Putu Sutirta Yasa, Ni Kadek Mulyantari, Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari, I. Nyoman Wande, and I. Made Ady Wirawan. "Diagnostic test of Immature Granulocyte Ratio (IG Ratio) to detect Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS)." Bali Medical Journal 11, no. 3 (November 17, 2022): 1565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3795.

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Background: Based on the onset of events, the most common neonatal sepsis is early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), which occurs within the first 72 hours of life. Blood culture is the gold standard for EONS, but this examination takes a long time to provide the results. However, the latest method is obtained to determine the shift to the left granulocytic image by counting Immature Granulocyte (IG). This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the IG Ratio for diagnosing EONS in neonates suspected of having sepsis. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 60 EONS patients consecutively, who met the inclusion criteria from January to June 2022 at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali. Variables assessed in this study included age, gender, delivery methods, birth status, birthweight, blood culture, complete blood count (CBC), I/T ratio, and IG ratio. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The cut-off point of the IG Ratio was 2.21 (AUC=0.670 (0,490-0,851); p=0.041; OR: 8.021 (2.283-28.185); p=0.001), which had a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 81.4% for diagnosing EONS in neonates suspected of having sepsis. The results also obtained a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 85.35 and a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 57.89. Conclusion: The cut-off point of the IG Ratio of 2.21 has a risk factor of 8.021 times higher for diagnosing EONS in neonates with sepsis.

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Sobieraj, Maciej, Piotr Zwierzykowski, and Erich Leitgeb. "Determination of Traffic Characteristics of Elastic Optical Networks Nodes with Reservation Mechanisms." Electronics 10, no. 15 (August 1, 2021): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151853.

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With the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth, appropriate mechanisms that would provide reliable and optimum service level to designated or specified traffic classes during heavy traffic loads in networks are becoming particularly sought after. One of these mechanisms is the resource reservation mechanism, in which parts of the resources are available only to selected (pre-defined) services. While considering modern elastic optical networks (EONs) where advanced data transmission techniques are used, an attempt was made to develop a simulation program that would make it possible to determine the traffic characteristics of the nodes in EONs. This article discusses a simulation program that has the advantage of providing the possibility to determine the loss probability for individual service classes in the nodes of an EON where the resource reservation mechanism has been introduced. The initial assumption in the article is that a Clos optical switching network is used to construct the EON nodes. The results obtained with the simulator developed by the authors will allow the influence of the introduced reservation mechanism on the loss probability of calls of individual traffic classes that are offered to the system under consideration to be determined.

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Christopher, Usha, Goldy S. J., Bewin Oral J., and Adlin Rose C. "Multiple vaginal examinations and early neonatal sepsis." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190848.

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Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is caused mainly by organisms present in the genital tract. Maternal risk factors increase the incidence of EONS. This study was done to find out the association between one such risk factor i.e., multiple vaginal examinations and EONS.Methods: Case control study. 114 patients with three or more vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes were taken as cases and 114 patients with less than three vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes were taken as controls. All these babies were followed up for the development of EONS.Results: Of the 114 cases, 6 babies developed EONS. None of the babies in the control group developed EONS. So, 3 or more vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes in labour is significantly associated with early onset neonatal sepsis with p-value of 0.01305.Conclusions: Multiple vaginal examinations after rupture of membranes is a risk factor for early onset neonatal sepsis.

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Sgro, Michael, Douglas M. Campbell, Kaitlyn L. Mellor, Kathleen Hollamby, Jaya Bodani, and Prakesh S. Shah. "Early-onset neonatal sepsis: Organism patterns between 2009 and 2014." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, no. 7 (August 9, 2019): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxz073.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate trends in organisms causing early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Congruent with recent reports, we hypothesized there would be an increase in EONS caused by Escherichia coli. Study Design National data on infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units from 2009 to 2014 were compared to previously reported data from 2003 to 2008. We report 430 cases of EONS from 2009 to 2014. Bivariate analyses were used to analyze the distribution of causative organisms over time and differences by gestational age. Linear regression was used to estimate trends in causative organisms. Results Since 2003, there has been a trend of increasing numbers of cases caused by E coli (P<0.01). The predominant organism was E coli in preterm infants and Group B Streptococcus in term infants. Conclusions With the majority of EONS cases now caused by E coli, our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of causative organism patterns and developing approaches to reduce cases caused by E coli.

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Arya, Sunil, Gagandeep Shukla, Prachi Goyal, and Urvashi Channa. "Comparative assessment of umbilical cord blood with peripheral venous blood using hematological scoring system as an early predictive screening method for the detection of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the tertiary care center of Central India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i1.40594.

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Background: Sepsis is one of the major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is difficult because of the variable and non-specific clinical presentation of this condition. Hence, there is a need for early predictive screening method for EONS. Aims and Objectives: To compare the umbilical cord blood Haematological Scoring System (HSS) with peripheral venous blood as an early predictive screening method for detection of EONS. Materials and Methods: 100 inborn neonates with two or more risk factors for EONS, chosen by sequential sampling method were included in this prospective analytical study. Blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord and peripheral vein analyzed for hematological parameters, sepsis screen, and peripheral smear for HSS of Rodwell et al., send for blood culture. Blood cultures were performed as gold standard for diagnosing neonatal sepsis and sepsis screen was done to corroborate the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Results: Of 100 neonates, 21 belongs to sepsis; 14 to probable sepsis; 65 to no sepsis. HSS in umbilical cord blood (UCB) had Sensitivity-74.28%, Specificity-92.30%, PPV-83.87%, NPV-86.95% and HSS in PVB had Sensitivity-62.85%, Specificity- 87.69%, PPV-75.86%, NPV-81.69%. Conclusion: HSS score in UCB can be used as a simple, quick, cost-effective, and readily available screening test with decent sensitivity and high specificity, for the detection of EONS.

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Tigabu Kebede, Zemene, Yohannes Hailu Matebe, Abayneh Girma Demisse, Mulugeta Ayalew Yimer, Amha Mekasha, Alemayehu Worku, Asrat Demtse Gebremedhin, et al. "Hematologic Profiles of Ethiopian Preterm Infants With Clinical Diagnoses of Early-Onset Sepsis, Perinatal Asphyxia, and Respiratory Distress Syndrome." Global Pediatric Health 7 (January 2020): 2333794X2096026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x20960264.

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Objective. To determine the hematologic profile of preterm infants with regard to different diseases. Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, conducted in 5 hospitals in Ethiopia from July 2016 to May 2018. Preterm babies <7 days of age were included and investigated with complete blood counts (CBC) and other investigations, accordingly. Results. Out of 4919 preterms, 3852 (78.3%) were admitted to a newborn intensive care unit, and of these, 68.3% had a CBC performed. The mean values of hemoglobin, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were 17.9 mg/dL; 12 685 cells/mm3, and 159 340 cells/mm3, respectively. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) 1433 (37%), asphyxia 266 (6.9%), and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) 1738 (45.3%) were common reasons for admission. The WBC count was <5000 cells/mm3 for 8.8%, 9.0%, and 11.1% of neonates with EONS, asphyxia and RDS, respectively. The hemoglobin value was <7 mg/dL for 0.6%, 1.7%, and 0.4% of preterm infants with EONS, asphyxia, and RDS, respectively. The platelet count was <50 000 cells/mm3 for 16.8%, 17.7%, and 19.8% of preterms admitted with a diagnosis of EONS, asphyxia, and RDS, respectively. Conclusion. WBC and platelet counts were the most common to be associated with EONS, asphyxia, and RDS. Further study is recommended to determine the effect of abnormal hematologic profile on the outcome of preterm babies.

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Tewari, Vishal Vishnu. "Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tool ‘STOPS’ and Serum Procalcitonin for optimizing antibiotic therapy in Neonatal Sepsis." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 13, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): e2021019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2021.019.

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Background: Antibiotic therapy is initiated in neonates on suspicion of sepsis. Optimizing therapy is a felt need of clinicians as injudicious prolonged use increases mortality and morbidity risk. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tool ‘STOPS’ and serum procalcitonin (PCT) for identifying neonates with early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) or late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) and early discontinuation in those with no sepsis. Methods: The study had a prospective analytical design conducted at a tertiary care hospital. All neonates with suspected EONS or LONS were enrolled. The ‘STOPS’ tool comprising of sensorium, temperature, oxygenation, perfusion, skin color and blood sugar was applied at 6 and 12 hr of enrollment. Serum PCT was sent at 12 hr. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR) were estimated. Results: The study enrolled 380 neonates of which 330 were given antibiotics for EONS and 50 for LONS. Temperature recording in the EONS group at 12 hr showed a PPV of 100% and a PLR of 9.1 (7.7 – 18). Perfusion assessment at 12 hr had a PPV of 77% and PLR of 8.25 (2.3 – 29). Skin color assessment at 12 hr it had a PPV of 100% and PLR of 13.5 (9.7 – 27). The diagnostic accuracy of PCT in the EONS group was unremarkable. In the LONS group, skin color at 12 hr had a PPV of 100% and PLR of 11.2 (8.6 – 19.5). The diagnostic accuracy of PCT in the LONS group showed a PPV of 82% and PLR of 7 (1.7 – 29). Conclusion: Identifying abnormal STOPS parameters was superior to PCT alone in EONS and as good as PCT in LONS. The ‘STOPS’ tool allows early identification of neonates with no sepsis thereby optimizing antibiotic use.

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Sgro, M., *A Kobylianskii, K. Sankaran, D. Tran, M. Yudin, and D. Campbell. "Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Canada: 2011-2012." Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (June 1, 2016): e49a-e49a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e49a.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Canadian and US studies suggest that the organisms responsible for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) are changing, with an increase in Escherichia coli (EC) as well as antibiotic-resistant organisms. Current Canadian guidelines for prevention and treatment of EONS are based on Group B streptococcus (GBS) as the likely organism. Population-level data may inform updates to these national strategies. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, types of organisms and corresponding resistance patterns involved in EONS in Canada. To identify how the organisms are affected by maternal antibiotic prophylaxis and other factors. DESIGN/METHODS: Cases of EONS (defined as positive blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture at <7 days of age) between January 2011 and December 2012 were identified through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP). Neonates were excluded if they were asymptomatic with a positive culture likely to be a contaminant, or if the CSF culture was positive as a result of an intracranial procedure. RESULTS: Over the 2-year period, 127 cases meeting our criteria were identified, and there were 754,849 total Canadian live births. The incidence for EONS was 0.17/1000 live births. 79.5% of cases presented within the first 24 hours of life, while 15% presented between 72 h-7 days. GBS accounted for 41.7% of cases, while EC accounted for 35.4%. Resistance was noted in 33.9% of cases overall. 55.6% of EC were resistant, with ampicillin resistance being the most common. The species of infecting organism was significantly associated with gestational age, very low birth weight, age at presentation, the mother having received GBS prophylaxis, and rupture of membranes lasting more than 18 h. GBS was most common in term and EC in preterm neonates. The overall EONS case fatality rate was 11%, with most of these being deaths from EC. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests a lower rate of EONS than historically suggested, with differing dominant organisms based on gestational ages of the neonates. Later ages at presentation and high rates of resistance especially among EC cases further complicate the picture. We recommend a review of the Canadian prevention and treatment guidelines based on our findings.

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Goldblatt, C., K. J. Zahnle, N. H. Sleep, and E. G. Nisbet. "The Eons of Chaos and Hades." Solid Earth Discussions 1, no. 1 (November 24, 2009): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-1-47-2009.

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Abstract. We propose the Chaotian Eon to demarcate geologic time from the origin of the Solar System to the Moon-forming impact on Earth. This separates the solar system wide processes of planet formation from the subsequent divergent evolution of the inner planets. We further propose the division of the Hadean Eon into eras and periods and naming the proto-Earth Tellus.

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Goldblatt, C., K. J. Zahnle, N. H. Sleep, and E. G. Nisbet. "The Eons of Chaos and Hades." Solid Earth 1, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-1-1-2010.

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Abstract. We propose the Chaotian Eon to demarcate geologic time from the origin of the Solar System to the Moon-forming impact on Earth. This separates the solar system wide processes of planet formation from the subsequent divergent evolution of the inner planets. We further propose the division of the Hadean Eon into eras and periods and naming the proto-Earth Tellus.

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WEBB, D. J. "Earth's Rotation from Eons to Days." Geophysical Journal International 105, no. 3 (June 1991): 807–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1991.tb00817.x.

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Redmond, Kathy, Nora Kearney, Rita Collins, Jan Foubert, Faith Gibson, and Giel Vaessen. "The EONS core curriculum revision project." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 5, no. 1 (March 2001): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0122.

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Westwood, Adam. "Danish wind project to take eons." Renewable Energy Focus 9, no. 2 (March 2008): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(08)70056-8.

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Merz, Beverly. "Paleontologist Offers Lessons From Other Eons." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 261, no. 21 (June 2, 1989): 3068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1989.03420210012004.

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Merz, B. "Paleontologist offers lessons from other eons." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 261, no. 21 (June 2, 1989): 3068b—3068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.261.21.3068b.

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Masanja, Pendo P., Stephen M. Kibusi, and Mkhoi L. Mkhoi. "Predictors of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis among Neonates in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Case Control Study." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz062.

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Abstract Objective To assess the predictors of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) among neonates in Dodoma Tanzania. Methods A hospital-based case-control study of randomly selected 105 cases and 217 controls in three hospitals in Dodoma region. Cases were neonates diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. Controls were matched to the cases by mother’s age and parity at a ratio of 1 case to 2 controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the potential mother, neonate and interventional predictors of EONS. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were employed to test for independent association Results Most (92.5%) of neonates were born at term (≥37 weeks) and 84% had normal birth weight of ≥3 kg. After adjusting for confounders, the maternal factors which showed significant association with EONS were maternal history of chorioamnionitis [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.910, p = 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0223.56], HIV status (AOR = 2.909, p = 0.012, 95% CI: 1.020–8.296), prolonged rupture of membrane (AOR = 2.857, p = 0.014, 95% CI: 1.233–6.619) and multiple digital vaginal examinations during labor (AOR = 5.178, p = 0.026, 95% CI: 1.220–21.986). The neonatal history of perinatal asphyxia was observed to have a significant association with EONS (AOR = 6.781, p = 0.006, 95% CI: 1.725–26.652). Conclusion Both maternal and neonatal predictors had significant contribution to EONS. Results shed light on critical factors for consideration to prevent this disease and poor outcomes.

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Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J., Cielo Cabanillas-Ramirez, Carlos Quispe-Vicuña, Jose A. Caballero-Alvarado, Darwin A. León-Figueroa, Nicolás Cruces-Tirado, and Joshuan J. Barboza. "Mean Platelet Volume in Neonatal Sepsis: Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies." Children 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9121821.

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Introduction: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), particularly in preterm sepsis, is a potentially fatal issue. Evaluation of mean platelet volume (MPV) as an EONS predictor was the goal. Methods: Four databases were used to conduct a systematic evaluation of cohort and case–control studies. Up till the end of October 2022, 137 articles were found utilizing the search method. Following the review, 12 studies were included. Leukocytes, MPV, platelets, gender, birth weight, gestational age, mortality, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were all taken into account while analyzing the prediction of EONS. Inverse-variance methodology and the random-effects model were used. Using GRADE, the evidence’s quality was evaluated. Results: Neonatal patients with sepsis had significantly higher MPV levels than do neonates without sepsis (MD 1.26; 95% CI 0.89–1.63; p < 0.001). An increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum was associated with high CRP values and high risk of neonatal mortality. In the investigations, the MPV cutoff for sepsis patients was 9.95 (SD 0.843). Overall certainty of the evidence was very low. Conclusions: The increased MPV during the first 24 h postpartum may be predictive of EONS and mortality. Future studies are warranted.

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Sirivunnabood, Thitiporn, Prapat Wanitpongpan, and Piengbulan Yapan. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes before 34 Weeks of Gestation." Siriraj Medical Journal 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/smj.2022.21.

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Objective: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a leading cause of newborn morbidity and mortality, particularly in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 34 weeks of gestation, in which expectant management was performed until reaching 34 weeks of gestation, evidence of maternal chorioamnionitis, or unfavorable fetal conditions. The interval between membrane rupture and delivery has a positive correlation with neonatal sepsis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of EONS in PPROM.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The medical records of pregnant women who gave birth between 2005 and 2018 and their newborns were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation. Multifetal pregnancies, fetal malformation, stillbirths, and records with incomplete data were excluded. PPROM was diagnosed by obstetricians while EONS was diagnosed by neonatologist.Results: The incidence of EONS in with PPROM was 24%. Risk factors included excessive maternal weight gain based on IOM (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.16-4.94), extremely preterm at admission (before 28 weeks of gestation) (OR = 3.38, 95% CI 1.12-10.21) and very low birth weight (≤ 1,500 g) (OR 3.68, 95% CI = 1.86-7.30). Maternal hematologic laboratory results were not associated with neonatal sepsis.Conclusion: The incidence of EONS in PPROM was similar to data provided by other studies. Obstetricians and pediatricians should be cautious about neonatal sepsis, especially in cases of excessive maternal weight gain, extremely preterm admissions, and very low birth weight.

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He, Shufang, Yang Qiu, and Jing Xu. "Invalid-Resource-Aware Spectrum Assignment for Advanced-Reservation Traffic in Elastic Optical Network." Sensors 20, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 4190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154190.

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Elastic optical networks (EONs) can make service accommodation more flexible and precise by employing efficient routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) algorithms. In order to improve the efficiency of RSA algorithms, the advanced-reservation technique was introduced into designing RSA algorithms. However, few of these advanced-reservation-based RSA algorithms were focused on the unavailable spectrum resources in EONs. In this paper, we propose an Advanced-Reservation-based Invalid-Spectrum-Aware (AR-ISA) resource allocation algorithm to improve the networking performance and the resource alignment of EONs. By employing a new index, Invalid Spectrum Rate (ISR), to record the proportion of unavailable spectrum resources in EONs, the proposed AR-ISA algorithm set a network load threshold to trigger the postponement of an arriving service. Compared with the traditional slack-based AR mechanism, the proposed algorithm has more concerns about the current spectrum usage of the path designated by the service than the conflicts between AR services and other existing services. To further increase the networking performance, the proposed algorithm adopts defragmentation to increase the number of available spectrum resources when postponing a service. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed AR-ISA algorithm has obvious effectiveness in reducing the service blocking rate and increasing the spectrum alignment rate.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 4, no. 1 (March 2000): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0076.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 4, no. 2 (June 2000): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0087.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 4, no. 3 (September 2000): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0097.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 4, no. 4 (December 2000): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0110.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 5, no. 1 (March 2001): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2000.0125.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 6, no. 2 (June 2002): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2002.0192.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 6, no. 3 (September 2002): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2002.0210.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 6, no. 4 (December 2002): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2002.0222.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 7, no. 1 (March 2003): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ejon.2003.0229.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.01.002.

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"EONS news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 2 (June 2005): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.03.003.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 3 (September 2005): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.06.003.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 9, no. 4 (December 2005): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.09.008.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 10, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2005.12.002.

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"EONS News." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 10, no. 2 (April 2006): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2006.02.002.

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"EONs news." European Journal of Oncology Nursing 10, no. 4 (September 2006): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2006.08.001.

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