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Academic literature on the topic 'Enzymes actives sur les sucres'
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Journal articles on the topic "Enzymes actives sur les sucres"
Olaniyan, O. A., A. K. Olowookere, A. A. Adelakun, J. O. Olaniyi, T. O. Zakariyau, T. W. Adeniji, A. M. Olaniyan, A. M. Oguntola, and S. S. Taiwo. "Assessment of selected liver enzyme activity in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis receiving treatment at a tertiary healthcare facility, southwest Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 23, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v23i2.12.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Enzymes actives sur les sucres"
Bernard, Thomas. "Annotation et prédiction de la spécificité de substrat des enzymes actives sur les sucres." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22068.pdf.
Full textEnzymes acting on sugar, or cazymes, are implied in a vast variety of biological process and are widely used in the industry. Nowadays, the amount of cazymes' sequences is so large that it has became impossible to experimentally characterize all. Their annotation is thus mostly based on bioinformatic approaches using the dedicated CAZy classification. The work of this thesis consists on designing a set of tools allowing the creation and the integration of a sub-familly level to this classification in order to enable the substrate prediction of a cazyme from sequence alone. Thus have been developed: an interactive tool allowing the definition of sub-families, a tool for the automatic modular annotation of new cazymes sequences and a method aiming at the detection of residues responsible for the functional specificity of a given subgroup of cazymes
El, Kaoutari Abdessamad. "Exploration des enzymes du microbiome intestinal humain impliquées dans la dégradation des sucres complexes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5067/document.
Full textThe bacterial communities that inhabit our gut ensure their growth and survival by extracting their carbon source from the food that transits through the intestines. The complex carbohydrates included in the human diet are almost exclusively degraded by the gut microbiota using CAZymes. We built a minimicrobiome model using 177 genomes associated to gut microbiota. The CAZyme content analysis revealed their huge diversity and abundance in our minimicrobiome model. At the phylum level, the Bacteroidetes genomes showed the greatest CAZyme diversity and abundance. Interestingly, as most of CAZymes found in Bacteroidetes genomes contain a signal peptide allowing their secretion in the intestinal lumen and/or in periplasmic space, members of this phylum are suggested to be the primary degraders of complex carbohydrates. Further, we developed a microarray containing probes to target more than 6,500 CAZyme genes. We then validated the CAZyme microarray by the hybridization of bacterial DNA extracted from the stool samples of individuals. Our results suggest that a microarray-based study can detect genes from low-abundance bacteria better than metagenomic-based studies. A striking example was the detection of gene encoding a GH6-family in all subjects examined, whereas metagenomic studies have consistently failed to detect this gene in both human and animal gut microbiomes. In addition, an examination of eight stool samples allowed the identification of a corresponding core CAZome containing 46 CAZymes families that suggests a functional stability of the gut microbiota despite large taxonomical variations between individuals and independently of health state
Li, Xiaoqian. "Caractérisation et ingénierie de transporteurs d'oligosaccharides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEI008.
Full textMammals host very diverse microbial communities. Among these, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health. Gut bacteria utilize various polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as carbon sources, using complex protein machineries to degrade these substrates into assimilable monosaccharides. Bacteroidota represents one of the dominant phyla in mammal gut microbiomes. They produce a series of proteins necessary for the sensing, capture, transport and degradation of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These complex machineries are encoded by polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Among the proteins encoded by PULs, cell surface glycan-binding proteins (SGBPs) are essential for the efficient capture of substrates surrounding the cells. In this thesis work, we focused on the characterization and engineering of Bacteroidota transporters, in particular their SGBP components, identified from the human and bovine gut microbiomes. The aim was to elucidate the structure-function relationships of the different protein elements of these transporters, involved in the utilization of dietary or microbial glycans in gut microbiomes. We first characterized the function and crystallographic structure of a SusD-like protein (referred to F5_SusD-like here) encoded by a xylooligosaccharide (XOS) PUL from an uncultured human gut Bacteroides species, which is conserved in the prominent Bacteroides vulgatus species. Despite its inability to bind to XOS, that are the cognate substrates of the F5_PUL, the F5_SusD-like protein is essential for the uptake functionality. Structural analysis revealed disordered loops and misaligned key residues, which could be responsible for the inability of this SGBP-like protein to bind XOS. Then, we investigated the specificity of F5_SusC/D and F5_MFS transporters towards XOS by introducing aβ-mannosidase into the periplasm of the recombinant E. coli strains harboring these transporters. This approach aimed at determining if the transporters could uptake mannotriose, which would be degraded to monosaccharides by the β-mannosidase and support E. coli growth. Using F5 variants previously constructed by Tauzin et al., we complemented the F5 oligosaccharide utilization system with the BT_0458 β-mannosidase from the GH2 CAZy family. Our preliminary data suggest that the F5 transporters cannot recognize and transport mannotriose, indicating a probable strict specificity towards XOS. Subsequently, we explored the potential of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to engineer the recombinant F5_XOS utilization pathway in E. coli. After serial sub-cultures of the F5_XOS containing E. coli strains, the mutation rates and positions were assessed by next-generation sequencing. This preliminary study indicated that ALE could serve to improve transporter functions and provided the basis for further investigation of the structure-function relationships of oligosaccharide transporters under evolutionary pressures. Finally, we characterized another SusD-like protein (referred to 41O1_SusD) encoded by a β-glucan utilization locus from a metagenomic clone isolated from the bovine rumen microbiome. Functional characterization showed that the 41O1_SusD-like protein exhibits binding affinity for β-1,6 branched β-1,3-glucans. Structural comparison with homolog SusD-like proteins highlighted a similar pattern of substrate recognition, involving three tryptophan residues. Our findings provided advances in the understanding of the role played by SusD-like proteins in plant cell wall and/or fungal polysaccharide utilization in the cow rumen. Overall, this thesis generated advances in the understanding of the structure-function relationships of SusD-like proteins. In the long term, the findings will contribute to the development of potential applications in synthetic biology and microbial engineering for enhanced polysaccharide utilization
Lombard, Vincent. "Structuration et exploration d'informations génomiques et fonctionnelles des enzymes actives sur les glucides." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10037/document.
Full textCarbohydrates are widely distributed in nature, where they are involved in a multitude of important biological events. Saccharides and glycoconjugates constitute the main component of the biomass produced on earth, therefore they represent a plentiful source of renewable energy. The diversity of complex carbohydrates is created and controlled by a panel of enzyme activities involved in their assembly, degradation and modification. The structural and functional study of Carbohydrate Active enZymes on (CAZymes) has been the basis for many applied research efforts in biotechnology. For exemple, the biotechnology industry is currently searching enzymes with enhanced activities and specificities. The identification of new enzymes is potentially facilitated by the large-scale accumulation of gene sequences, particularly from current genomic studies.This thesis aimed at developing tools for the classification and identification of new enzymes involved in biomass degradation. To this end, a new structure of the CAZy database was developed and applied to mining genomic, metagenomic and biochemical data. A complete reorganisation of the structure of the existing database and its interface has been achieved. In this effort the analysis of all known families of polysaccharide lyases has been validated and subfamilies were created, which revealed functional homogeneity. In addition, the systematic identification of modular proteins containing plant cell wallbinding modules allowed the identification of new proteins potentially targeting plant biomass. Finally, I show that it is indeed possible to analyze large volumes of (meta)genomic data by automated methods in order to understand their CAZyme contents
Matard-Mann, Maria. "Recherche et caractérisation de nouvelles enzymes de bactéries marines actives sur les polysaccharides algaux par une approche biochimique et structurale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066659.
Full textAlgal polysaccharides are marine resources valorization of which is hindered by the lack of proper tools to modify their structure. Marine bacteria living associated to macroalgae synthesize enzymes acting on these polysaccharides. They represent a great opportunity for the development of bleu biotechnology. This thesis project resulted in the successful cloning and soluble protein production of several dozen new bacterial enzymes active on algal polysaccharides. Four of them have been studied in detail. The first two are involved in carrageenan degradation pathways. The first one, ZgCgkA, is a κ-carrageenase from family 16 of glycoside hydrolases (GH), synthesized by Zobellia galactanivorans. Its biochemical and structural study, by X-ray crystallography, provided a link between structural features and different interaction modes with the substrate in this GH16 sub-family. The second enzyme, a β-carrabiose hydrolase from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, is active on hybrid oligosaccharides of β/κ-carrageenan. Its biochemical and phylogenetic study suggests the creation of a new GH family, distantly related to the GH42 family. The last two enzymes, a GH29 and a non-classified GH, are encoded in a locus of Z. galactanivorans probably dedicated to the degradation of sulfated fucans. GH29 was biochemically characterized on synthetic substrate, and its structural study is ongoing. These results raise the possibility to use these enzymes as tools for the valorization of algal polysaccharides, particularly carrageenans
Barbi, Florian. "Impact de l’essence forestière sur les processus de dégradation et d’assimilation des polysaccharides végétaux par la communauté fongique des sols forestiers." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10347.
Full textThe degradation of plant biomass is an essential process for the proper functioning of forest soils and terrestrial carbon cycling. Mechanisms involved in these processes are strongly controlled by saprotrophic fungi which secrete several hydrolytic enzymes to access at their primary nutrient sources found under the form of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses). Enzymatic hydrolysis of plant polymers releases a high diversity of low molecular weight compounds (mono- and oligosaccharides). These molecules enter in fungal cell using transmembrane transporter systems. Consequently, the presence/absence and the substrate specificity of these transporters might contribute to the metabolic versatility of soil fungi. Several studies have demonstrated that tree species strongly affect diversity and composition of fungal communities. In this context, we hypothesized that the fungal communities selected by the different tree species expressed specific lignocellulolytic enzymes and sugar transporters; and thereby each fungal community was specifically adapted to the nature of litter produced by the tree species considered. We assessed, by the high-throughput sequencing of gene-fragments amplified from soil cDNA, the impact of tree species (Beech vs Spruce) on the diversity of genes encoding either lignocellulolytic enzymes or sugar porters expressed by soil fungi in two mono-specific forests. Our results revealed that most detected genes, encoding either lignocellulolytic enzymes or sugar transporters, have an unknown origin and are specifically found (for more than 80% of them) in one of the two forest soils. This work showed a significant “tree species effect” on the composition of functional genes expressed by soil fungi and suggests that beyond the species level, functional diversity of fungal communities must be addressed to better understand ecosystem functioning. Moreover, by using a functional metatranscriptomic approach, we identified functional transporter sequences differing with respect to their substrate specificities. From a spruce cDNA library, and for the first time, we identified high affinity or mannose specific transporters. Coincidently, as opposed to beech, spruce is indeed a tree species with a large proportion of mannose in its hemicelluloses
Le, Thao Nhi. "Le frelon asiatique (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) : Stratégies d’études sur l’identification de nouvelles molécules actives pour la dermacosmétique." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3143.
Full textThe search for new compounds to prevent or attenuate skin aging is a priority in current research in cosmetics. In this context, Asian Hornet venom (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) has been studied as a particular source of potentially bioactive molecules for dermacosmetic interest.The first study focused on the implementation of a reliable venom extraction and sampling protocol. Then, the peptide - small molecules fraction was selected to evaluate, in comparison with crude venom, the presence of active molecules with respect to antioxidant, anti-microbial (C. acnes) and enzyme inhibition (tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase) activity in-tubo and in-cellulo. These studies led to the identification in crude venom, by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS/MS, of one molecule responsible for antioxidant activity on HaCaT keratinocytes.In a second study, a peptidomic approach based on UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-HRMS/MS followed by statistical processing (PCA, PLS-DA) was applied to the differential study of venom, according to the collection period, castes and behavior. The latter aims at evaluating the influence of these different factors on the venom molecular heritage. At the same time, in a third study, a ligand/enzyme interaction screening approach by mass spectrometry on solid-supported elastase enzymes was developed. The aim of this method is to detect the presence of inhibitors or substrates in more or less complex fractions. Two hornet venom peptides presenting in the hornet venom were identified to be capable of interacting with the enzyme elastase. Their peptide sequences were then partially obtained by de novo sequencing