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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enzymes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Enzymes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Enzymes"

1

Stitt, M. "The Use of Transgenic Plants to Study the Regulation of Plant Carbohydrate Metabolism." Functional Plant Biology 22, no. 4 (1995): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9950635.

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Transgenic plants with decreased expression of specific enzymes provide a powerful new tool to investigate metabolic regulation. Their use is discussed in the context of theories of metabolic regulation. It is argued that an enzyme is a key site for regulation, in the strict sense, when (i) natural mechanisms exist to alter the activity of the enzyme in vivo ('regulatability'), and (ii) a change in the activity of the enzyme is able to lead to a change in flux through the pathway ('regulatory capacity'). Previous approaches to the study of regulation allow the identification of enzymes with high 'regulatability', but they do not provide consistent or valid criteria to assess their 'regulatory capacity'. They therefore do not distinguish between enzymes which actually control metabolic fluxes, and enzymes which just respond to changes initiated elsewhere in the pathway. They may also underestimate the contribution of enzymes that catalyse reversible reactions. In contrast, mutants and transgenic plants can be used to directly test the importance of different aspects of an enzyme's regulatory properties in vivo. Even more importantly, they provide a method to determine flux control coefficients which provide a quantitative measure of an enzyme's 'regulatory capacity'. Recent results are surnrnarised, and potential practical problems in measuring control coefficients are reviewed.

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Christensen, Stefan Jarl, Silke Flindt Badino, Ana Mafalda Cavaleiro, Kim Borch, and Peter Westh. "Functional analysis of chimeric TrCel6A enzymes with different carbohydrate binding modules." Protein Engineering, Design and Selection 32, no. 9 (September 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzaa003.

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Abstract The glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 6 is an important group of enzymes that constitute an essential part of industrial enzyme cocktails used to convert lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. In nature, enzymes from this family often have a carbohydrate binding module (CBM) from the CBM family 1. These modules are known to promote adsorption to the cellulose surface and influence enzymatic activity. Here, we have investigated the functional diversity of CBMs found within the GH6 family. This was done by constructing five chimeric enzymes based on the model enzyme, TrCel6A, from the soft-rot fungus Trichoderma reesei. The natural CBM of this enzyme was exchanged with CBMs from other GH6 enzymes originating from different cellulose degrading fungi. The chimeric enzymes were expressed in the same host and investigated in adsorption and quasi-steady-state kinetic experiments. Our results quantified functional differences of these phylogenetically distant binding modules. Thus, the partitioning coefficient for substrate binding varied 4-fold, while the maximal turnover (kcat) showed a 2-fold difference. The wild-type enzyme showed the highest cellulose affinity on all tested substrates and the highest catalytic turnover. The CBM from Serendipita indica strongly promoted the enzyme’s ability to form productive complexes with sites on the substrate surface but showed lower turnover of the complex. We conclude that the CBM plays an important role for the functional differences between GH6 wild-type enzymes.

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Nixon, Andrew E., Marc Ostermeier, and Stephen J. Benkovic. "Hybrid enzymes: manipulating enzyme design." Trends in Biotechnology 16, no. 6 (June 1998): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01204-9.

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Memon, Safyan Aman, Kinaan Aamir Khan, and Hammad Naveed. "HECNet: a hierarchical approach to enzyme function classification using a Siamese Triplet Network." Bioinformatics 36, no. 17 (May 25, 2020): 4583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa536.

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Abstract Motivation Understanding an enzyme’s function is one of the most crucial problem domains in computational biology. Enzymes are a key component in all organisms and many industrial processes as they help in fighting diseases and speed up essential chemical reactions. They have wide applications and therefore, the discovery of new enzymatic proteins can accelerate biological research and commercial productivity. Biological experiments, to determine an enzyme’s function, are time-consuming and resource expensive. Results In this study, we propose a novel computational approach to predict an enzyme’s function up to the fourth level of the Enzyme Commission (EC) Number. Many studies have attempted to predict an enzyme’s function. Yet, no approach has properly tackled the fourth and final level of the EC number. The fourth level holds great significance as it gives us the most specific information of how an enzyme performs its function. Our method uses innovative deep learning approaches along with an efficient hierarchical classification scheme to predict an enzyme’s precise function. On a dataset of 11 353 enzymes and 402 classes, we achieved a hierarchical accuracy and Macro-F1 score of 91.2% and 81.9%, respectively, on the 4th level. Moreover, our method can be used to predict the function of enzyme isoforms with considerable success. This methodology is broadly applicable for genome-wide prediction that can subsequently lead to automated annotation of enzyme databases and the identification of better/cheaper enzymes for commercial activities. Availability and implementation The web-server can be freely accessed at http://hecnet.cbrlab.org/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Cieśla, Joanna. "Metabolic enzymes that bind RNA: yet another level of cellular regulatory network?" Acta Biochimica Polonica 53, no. 1 (January 12, 2006): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2006_3360.

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Several enzymes that were originally characterized to have one defined function in intermediatory metabolism are now shown to participate in a number of other cellular processes. Multifunctional proteins may be crucial for building of the highly complex networks that maintain the function and structure in the eukaryotic cell possessing a relatively low number of protein-encoding genes. One facet of this phenomenon, on which I will focus in this review, is the interaction of metabolic enzymes with RNA. The list of such enzymes known to be associated with RNA is constantly expanding, but the most intriguing question remains unanswered: are the metabolic enzyme-RNA interactions relevant in the regulation of cell metabolism? It has been proposed that metabolic RNA-binding enzymes participate in general regulatory circuits linking a metabolic function to a regulatory mechanism, similar to the situation of the metabolic enzyme aconitase, which also functions as iron-responsive RNA-binding regulatory element. However, some authors have cautioned that some of such enzymes may merely represent "molecular fossils" of the transition from an RNA to a protein world and that the RNA-binding properties may not have a functional significance. Here I will describe enzymes that have been shown to interact with RNA (in several cases a newly discovered RNA-binding protein has been identified as a well-known metabolic enzyme) and particularly point out those whose ability to interact with RNA seems to have a proven physiological significance. I will also try to depict the molecular switch between an enzyme's metabolic and regulatory functions in cases where such a mechanism has been elucidated. For most of these enzymes relations between their enzymatic functions and RNA metabolism are unclear or seem not to exist. All these enzymes are ancient, as judged by their wide distribution, and participate in fundamental biochemical pathways.

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Page, Michael I. "Past times: The efficiency of enzyme catalysis." Biochemist 25, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02504052.

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Understanding enzyme catalysis on a molecular and energetic basis has fascinated scientists for more than half a century. In addition to their obvious physiological involvement, the incredible efficiency of enzymes continues to intrigue us. In the absence of enzymes, many reactions of biological interest, e.g. the hydrolysis of proteins, carbohydrates and DNA, have half-lives of hundreds to millions of years. After a substrate is bound at an enzyme's active site, its halflife is usually milliseconds. The low concentration of enzymes in cells, which is often at or below the micromolar level, means that a rapid turnover is necessary to produce a significant rate of reaction and many reactions occur at near the diffusion controlled limit. The high catalytic efficiency of enzymes has not been emulated by artificial systems and therefore many have wondered if they could even be understood by ordinary chemistry.

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March, John B., and Jason Clark. "Enzymes by post—restriction enzyme stability." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 3 (March 2000): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/73590.

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Städler, Brigitte, and Alexander N. Zelikin. "Enzyme prodrug therapies and therapeutic enzymes." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 118 (September 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.006.

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Howell, Matthew, Daniel G. Dumitrescu, Lauren R. Blankenship, Darby Herkert, and Stavroula K. Hatzios. "Functional characterization of a subtilisin-like serine protease from Vibrio cholerae." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 25 (May 10, 2019): 9888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.007745.

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Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human diarrheal disease cholera, exports numerous enzymes that facilitate its adaptation to both intestinal and aquatic niches. These secreted enzymes can mediate nutrient acquisition, biofilm assembly, and V. cholerae interactions with its host. We recently identified a V. cholerae-secreted serine protease, IvaP, that is active in V. cholerae-infected rabbits and human choleric stool. IvaP alters the activity of several host and pathogen enzymes in the gut and, along with other secreted V. cholerae proteases, decreases binding of intelectin, an intestinal carbohydrate-binding protein, to V. cholerae in vivo. IvaP bears homology to subtilisin-like enzymes, a large family of serine proteases primarily comprised of secreted endopeptidases. Following secretion, IvaP is cleaved at least three times to yield a truncated enzyme with serine hydrolase activity, yet little is known about the mechanism of extracellular maturation. Here, we show that IvaP maturation requires a series of sequential N- and C-terminal cleavage events congruent with the enzyme's mosaic protein domain structure. Using a catalytically inactive reporter protein, we determined that IvaP can be partially processed in trans, but intramolecular proteolysis is most likely required to generate the mature enzyme. Unlike many other subtilisin-like enzymes, the IvaP cleavage pattern is consistent with stepwise processing of the N-terminal propeptide, which could temporarily inhibit, and be cleaved by, the purified enzyme. Furthermore, IvaP was able to cleave purified intelectin, which inhibited intelectin binding to V. cholerae. These results suggest that IvaP plays a role in modulating intelectin–V. cholerae interactions.

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Jimoh, Abdulhameed, and Job Atteh. "Improving the metabolisable energy value of brewers’ dried grains with enzyme cocktails in poultry nutrition." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 63, no. 4 (2018): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1804409j.

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The determination of the positive effects of exogenous enzymes is essential to ensure their inclusion in poultry feed formulation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of enzymes on the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of brewers? dried grain (BDG). Xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzymes were used in a completely randomised design to determine the effects of individual exogenous enzymes and their cocktails on poultry metabolisable energy using adult cockerels. There were eight treatments comprising a control and seven experimental treatments with BDG and one, two or three enzymes. The AME values were determined using the intubation method. Data collected were analysed using the statistical analysis system. Enzymes individually and as a cocktail improved the AME value of BDG compared to the control. An increase in the AME value was 3.48%, 5.39%, 5.92%, 14.29%, 18.13%, 23.21% and 29.58% respectively for phytase, xylanase, cocktail of xylanase and phytase, multipurpose enzyme, cocktail of multipurpose enzyme and phytase, cocktail of xylanase and multipurpose enzyme and cocktail of xylanase, phytase and multipurpose enzyme. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better (P?0.05) than individual enzymes in their effects on apparent metabolisable energy of BDG. Phytase gave a marginal increase in AME of the studied feedstuff. It has been concluded that the cocktail of enzymes is better than individual enzymes in their effects on AME of BDG. If different enzymes are available, it is recommended that the enzyme with higher units should be used.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enzymes"

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Ekici, Özlem Doğan. "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel irreversible inhibitors for caspases." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04062004-164633/unrestricted/ekici%5Fozlem%5Fd%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Ekici, Ozlem Dogan. "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel irreversible inhibitors for caspases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5333.

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Müller, Roger. "Artificial enzymes: from catalytic antibodies toward de novo enzyme design /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17897.

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Ghadge, G. D. "Microbial enzymes." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1986. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3251.

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Qian, Yuhui. "Study of Basic Wood Decay Mechanisms and Their Biotechnological Applications." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/QianY2008.pdf.

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Zhao, Xueyan. "Nanoscale biocatalysts for bioelectrochemical applications." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1164149161.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2006.
"December, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 06/27/2007) Advisor, Ping Wang; Committee members, Lu-Kwang Ju, Steven S. C. Chuang; Department Chair, Lu-Kwang Ju; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Moore, Robert Goodwin Douglas C. "Towards the understanding of complex biochemical systems the significance of global protein structure and thorough parametric analysis /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1766.

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Epstein, Todd Matthew. "Structural and kinetic studies of two enzymes catalyzing phospholipase A2 activity." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 2.39 Mb., 186 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3200538.

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Kita, Keiko. "STUDIES ON NEW RESTRICTION ENZYMES AND MODIFICATION ENZYMES FROM BACTERIA." Kyoto University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78227.

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Ewing, Erin. "In vacuo glycation of enzymes: A novel approach for increasing enzyme stability." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27129.

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A novel approach for the thermostabilization of proteins was investigated. It is well established that proteins that are naturally highly glycosylated show an increased resistance to inactivation at high temperatures. However, non-enzymatic attachment of carbohydrate to proteins, otherwise known as protein glycation, under aqueous conditions is very difficult and has not been used as a general approach for increasing the thermostability of proteins. In the present study, advantage was taken of the in vacuo protein glycation procedure recently developed by Kaplan and his co-workers by which proteins can be extensively glycated in the absence of water and chemical reagents. In this procedure, reducing sugars react with the epsilon-amino groups of lysine side-chains to form a stable ketoamine derivative. The primary objective of the research presented in this thesis, was to determine the extent to which the thermostability of proteins can be increased by in vacuo glycation with reducing monosaccharides such as glucose. Another objective of this study was to investigate possible practical applications of this thermostabilization technology. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Books on the topic "Enzymes"

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Dressler, David. Discovering enzymes. New York: Scientific American Library, 1991.

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Kirby, Anthony J. From enzyme models to model enzymes. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009.

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Welch, Mary F., Anna Docktor, and Dawn J. Trebec. Enzymes. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2001.

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Bedford, Michael R., Gary G. Partridge, Milan Hruby, and Carrie L. Walk, eds. Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0000.

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Abstract This third edition explores considerable advances such as the use of enzymes in fish and shrimp diets, new understanding of how phytases function in the animal, NSPase research and enzymes' extended use in ruminant markets. This book also provides comprehensive coverage of all topics relating to the production, use, cooperativity and analysis of feed enzymes. It is fully updated throughout, revealing significant developments such as new methods to deliver enzymes (formulations, encapsulations, and liquid spray systems) and advances in enzyme analysis. It also includes brand new chapters on combinations of enzymes, antibiotic-free diets and how to measure response in feed-enzyme trials. Covering biochemistry, enzymology and characteristics relevant to animal feed use, this book forms a valuable resource for academics and students of animal nutrition and production, as well as professionals in the animal feed industry.

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Morrison, J. M. Virus induced enzymes. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley, 1991.

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Boulton, Alan A., Glen B. Baker, and Peter H. Yu. Neurotransmitter Enzymes. New Jersey: Humana Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0896030792.

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Maddela, Naga Raju, Narasimha Golla, and Rangaswamy Vengatampalli. Soil Enzymes. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42655-6.

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Wong, Dominic W. S. Food Enzymes. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2349-6.

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Bott, Richard, and Christian Betzel, eds. Subtilisin Enzymes. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0319-0.

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Sterchi, Erwin E., and Walter Stöcker, eds. Proteolytic Enzymes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59816-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enzymes"

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Ceballos, Ruben Michael. "Engineered enzymes and enzyme systems." In Bioethanol and Natural Resources, 93–115. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154299-4.

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Hopp, Vollrath. "Enzyme – Biokatalysatoren [E. enzymes – biocatalyts]." In Chemische Kreisläufe in der Natur, 535–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55860-7_18.

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Breslow, Ronald. "Artificial Enzymes and Enzyme Models." In Advances in Enzymology - and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 1–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470123041.ch1.

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Dale, Douglas, Todd Becker, Michael Reichman, and Sam Maurer. "Delivery and stabilization of enzymes in animal feed." In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 207–19. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0012.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the market for pelleting-stable feed enzymes; application of enzymes in feed; feed production process and impact on enzyme activity; other sources of stress in animal feed production; protein stabilization through molecule selection and modifcation; preventing thermal degradation; preventing other failure modes through engineering; stability during formulation and processing; solid and liquid enzyme formulation and stability in diluted, premix and pelleted feeds.

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Owusu-Ansah, Y. J. "Enzymes." In Food Additive User’s Handbook, 120–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3916-2_6.

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Smith, Jim. "Enzymes." In Food Additives Data Book, 365–454. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444397741.ch5.

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Gupta, Anil. "Enzymes." In Comprehensive Biochemistry for Dentistry, 185–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1035-5_9.

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DeMan, John M. "Enzymes." In Instructor’s Manual For Principles of Food Chemistry, 20–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0815-1_11.

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Kurochkina, Natalya. "Enzymes." In Protein Structure and Modeling, 63–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6601-7_3.

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Sutton, Julian. "Enzymes." In Biology, 88–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15201-8_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Enzymes"

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Lee, Hyeseung, Dean Ho, Benjamin Chu, Karen Kuo, and Carlo Montemagno. "Reconstituting Membrane Proteins Into Artificial Membranes and Detection of Their Activities." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46016.

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We have successfully purified BR from purple membrane of Halobacterium Salinarium and Cox from the genetically engineered plasmid inserted in Rhodobacter Sphaeroides. The activities of the purified enzymes have shown in lipid vesicles as well as in polymer vesicles and planar membranes. Phosphatidylcholine derived lipid vesicles created the most nature like environment for the enzymes. Triblock copolymer membrane was the alternative choice for membrane protein reconstitution since polymers are more durable, ideal for industrial applications and support enzyme activities better. We also demonstrated the backward function of Cox in vitro by changing proton concentration in the surrounding medium. Langmuir-Blodgett method was used to reconstitute the enzymes into the planar lipid or polymer membranes. The enzyme activities of the enzymes in planar membrane system were tested by impedance spectroscopy.

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Liamwirat, Chalothorn, Supapon Cheevadthanarak, Asawin Meechai, and Sakarindr Bhumiratana. "Enzyme Relational Network Reveals Target Enzymes within Metabolic Submodules." In 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and BioEngineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2009.32.

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Byers, Chad M., Betty H. C. Cheng, and Philip K. McKinley. "Digital enzymes." In the 13th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2001576.2001610.

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Oshkin, M. E. "HONEY ENZYMES." In Молодежная наука: инновации и технологии, 187–90. НовГУ им. Ярослава Мудрого, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/978-5-89896-872-4/2023.young.31.

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HUSSAIN, Zainab Khidhair, and Bushra Rashid Ibrahim. "COMPARISON BETWEEN CARDIAC ENZYMES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM AND HYPERTHYROIDISM." In III.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress3-2.

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Thyroid hormones modify each cardiovascular system component, it's essential for the function and development off the cardiac system. Thyroid hormones and the cardiac enzyme were measured in (120) Iraqi women aged (20-65) years in three groups: patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and control. Thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4) were measure by ELISA by using a procedure of TOSOH,CHINA, also, cardiac enzymes were determined by biochemical assay of Biosystem company, Barcelona. The results showed the level of CK enzyme increasing non significantly (53.61) between groups in hyperthyroidism (G1), hypothyroidism(G2) and was (151.40 ±8.86uk) and (127.80 ±21.82uk) respectively compared with control was (G3) (100.60 ±18.80 uk),also the level of Troponin- I enzyme increasing non significantly (213.42) between groups was in(G1) (430.20 ±53.38) (Pg/UL), (G2) was (369.20 ±75.75) (Pg/UL) and (G3) (275.60 ±76.18).In comparison the study showed decreasing non significantly in cardiac enzymes as AST and ALT. It concluded that non-significant effect of thyroid hormones on the level of cardiac enzyme in both patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Key words: Hyperthyroidism, Cardiac Enzyme, Hypothyroidism, Hormones, Troponin I.

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Carey, P. C. "Studies of enzymes by resonance Raman spectroscopy." In International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thg3.

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By creating a resonance Raman probe in the active site of an enzyme, it is possible to obtain the vibrational spectrum associated with those bonds undergoing catalytic transformation. The approach involves reacting thionoesters RC(= S)OCH3 with a class of enzymes known as cysteine proteases which have an essential SH group in their active sights HS-enzyme. The reaction produces an intermediate RC(= S) S-enzyme which is a dithioester with a λmax near 315 nm. The 324-nm excited RR spectra of the dithioester provide a wealth of detail on the substrate during catalysis; the confirmation of the substrate in the active sight can be monitored and characterized, structure rate constant relationships developed, reaction pathways mapped, and evidence sought for geometric distortion. The novel findings stemming from the RR data are difficult to reconcile with the conventional view of enzyme mechanism.

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Qingfang, Zhang, and Yu Zonglian. "Researching ligninolytic enzymes." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep130021.

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Iltchenko, Nikita, Jesse Beam, and Ying Zha. "Applications and benefits of phospholipase A enzymes in seed oil processing." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/rrjs3474.

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Current market conditions have further driven focus on efficiency for oilseed producers. Phospholipases use for enzymatic degumming and refining has, therefore, become more attractive than ever. Since its introduction a decade ago, enzyme assisted seed oil processing has been demonstrated at many plants around the globe for its benefit on yield increase. With the learnings gained from the field, enzyme producers have brought out new generations of products to improve performance, as well as meeting new requirements of the oil plants, such as lower chemical usage, less byproducts and higher ease of use. We would like to demonstrate the applications and benefits of two new phospholipase A enzymes, being Phospholipase A1 (Purifine® PLA1) and Phospholipase A2 (Purifine® LM), which offers these new benefits to producers, crushing and refining. Often the biggest hurdle encountered in implementing enzyme technology is capital expenditure. DSM has worked to develop options for nearly all plants to ensure benefits from enzymatic degumming can be appreciated across the industry. The applications of these enzymes, including efforts needed to make plant changes to accommodate enzyme usage, are demonstrated herein.

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Ferdes, Mariana, Mirela-Nicoleta Dinca, Mariana Ionescu, and Elena-Madalina Stefan. "Biosynthesis and use of laccases produced by basidiomycetes for treatment of agri-food waste: review." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf199.

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Recently, due to global concerns regarding the growing accumulation of waste, increased attention is directed towards new ways of using lignolytic enzymes, as a means of reducing environmental pollution coupled with obtaining new useful products. Valorization of lignocellulosic food waste and its components into different value-added products requires disruption of the recalcitrant structure of the lignocellulosic component. In this paper lignolytic enzymes produced by phyllum Basidiomycota, as well as other enzymes that participate in the degradation of agri-food waste are summarized. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the biosynthesis and use of laccases for enzymatic treatment applied to agri-food waste. The methodology consisted in the research of the most representative sources from the literature of recent years and the synthesis of the respective studies, for an overall study. There are presented different types of agri-food waste generated by the fruit and vegetable, grain, wine, and beer processing industries. The main species of basidiomycetes that produce lignocellulosic enzymes are mentioned, as well as the conditions for their cultivation. The methods of selecting the producing fungal strains by screening on chromogenic media, the analysis of the enzyme activity, the stages of the biosynthesis process, the factors that influence the accumulation of the enzyme are described. The article includes information related to the structure and treatment of lignocellulosic materials from vegetable food waste, the mechanism of action of laccase, as well as the current state of research in the direction of using these enzymes for the treatment of food waste.

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Doković, Vladimir, and Snežana Bogosavljević-Bošković. "ENZIMI U ISHRANI BROJLERA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.229d.

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The paper presents the most important aspects of the action of exogenous enzymes (amylase, xylanase, glucanase, cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, phytase and protease) added to broiler feed. The addition of broiler feed enzymes has nutritional, health, economic and environmental justification. The use of complexes of exogenous enzymes (enzyme cocktails) as additives to complete mixtures for feeding broiler chickens in different phases of fattening, significantly increases the availability of reserve polysaccharides, fats, proteins and some minerals, better energy efficiency from food, better health of chickens, better quality carcasses and chicken meat, reducing the cost of feeding fattening chickens (and thus the total cost of production), as well as reducing environmental pollution and is one of the easiest feasible alternatives to improve the profitability of production in poultry.

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Reports on the topic "Enzymes"

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Stewart, John M., Karl Hahn, and Wieslaw A. Klis. Synthetic Helizyme Enzymes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211789.

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Ingram, Lonnie O'Neal. Ethanologenic Enzymes of Zymomonas mobilis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7217.

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Ingram, L. O. Ethanologenic enzymes of Zymomonas mobilis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7246138.

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Jonathan S. Dordick, Douglas Clark, Brian H Davison, and Alexander Klibanov. Oxidative Reactions with Nonaqueous Enzymes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793356.

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Heller, Adam. Electrical Microengineering of Redox Enzymes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279015.

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Blake, R. II. Enzymes of respiratory iron oxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5620317.

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Rempe, Susan, and Juan Vanegas. Fundamental Properties of Confined Enzymes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1505461.

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Blake, R. II. Enzymes of respiratory iron oxidation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6558600.

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Wolfe, N. L. Biochemical Remediation Using Plant Enzymes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351092.

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Library, Spring. Where Does Current Quorum Sensing Research Stand. Spring Library, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/sl.blog.16.

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Quorum quenching is achieved by inactivating signalling enzymes, by introducing molecules that mimic signalling molecules and block their receptors, by degrading signalling molecules themselves, or by a modification of the quorum sensing signals due to an enzyme activity.

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