Journal articles: 'Enzymatic lipolysis'

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Panaiotov, Ivan, Margarita Ivanova, and Robert Verger. "Interfacial and temporal organization of enzymatic lipolysis." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 2, no. 5 (October 1997): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0294(97)80101-x.

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Izawa, T., T. Komabayashi, T. Mochizuki, K. Suda, and M. Tsuboi. "Enhanced coupling of adenylate cyclase to lipolysis in permeabilized adipocytes from trained rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.1.23.

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Digitonin-permeabilized adipocytes were used to study the coupling of adenylate cyclase (AC) to lipolysis in exercise-trained rats. Isoproterenol-(IPR) stimulated lipolysis in permeabilized cells was significantly greater in trained than in control rats. Under essentially identical conditions, the dose-response curve for IPR stimulation of AC activity in the absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine was similar in trained and control rats. However, the potency of stimulation by IPR as a percentage of the basal level was greater in trained rats. AC activity and lipolysis in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine were also significantly greater in trained than in control rats. Least-squares analysis by plotting the log AC vs. lipolysis values showed that the regression coefficient was about three-fold greater in trained than in control rats. The concentration of endogenous adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) needed to produce a half-maximal lipolytic response was 18.58 and 10.81 pmol.min-1.10(6) cells-1 in control and trained rats, respectively. Thus a positive relationship existed between lipolysis and AC activity, with a tighter coupling in trained rats. Lipolysis in response to exogenous cAMP tended to be greater in trained than in control rats, and the difference was statistically significant for 50 microM and 10 mM cAMP. Our finding support the concept that the major mechanism of enhanced lipolysis in trained rats was an increase in the activity of enzymatic step(s) distal to cAMP.

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Istyami, Astri Nur, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, Tirto Prakoso, and Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati. "Performance of Various Organic Solvents as Reaction Media in Plant Oil Lipolysis with Plant Lipase." Reaktor 18, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.2.71-75.

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Fatty acids are intermediate substances in synthesis of oleochemical products. Enzymatic technology of fatty acids production (also known as lipolysis) is now developing as potential substitution for the conventional production of fatty acid, i.e. thermal hydrolysis of triglyceride. It offers more economical process condition, low energy consumption, and minimal product degradation compared to the conventional process. This research aims to evaluate performance of various organic solvents as reaction media in lipolysis with plant latex lipase. Organic solvents observed were chloroform, n-hexane, diethyl ether, benzene, acetone, ethanol, methanol, n-heptane, and isooctane. Analysis of each organic solvent effect on lipolysis was described based on solvents properties. Conversion of lipolysis with organic solvents is 0,10-1,25 times fold compared to conversion of non-solvent lipolysis. We suggest that dielectric constant and viscosity are the two main organic solvent properties affecting lipase performance in lipolysis. Overall, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane are recommended to be used as reaction media in lipolysis with plant lipase because their effects to degree of lipolysis are positive. Keywords: lipolysis; lipase; organic solvent; frangipani

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Yang, Alexander, and Emilio P. Mottillo. "Adipocyte lipolysis: from molecular mechanisms of regulation to disease and therapeutics." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 5 (March 13, 2020): 985–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20190468.

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Fatty acids (FAs) are stored safely in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplet (LD) organelles by professional storage cells called adipocytes. These lipids are mobilized during adipocyte lipolysis, the fundamental process of hydrolyzing TAG to FAs for internal or systemic energy use. Our understanding of adipocyte lipolysis has greatly increased over the past 50 years from a basic enzymatic process to a dynamic regulatory one, involving the assembly and disassembly of protein complexes on the surface of LDs. These dynamic interactions are regulated by hormonal signals such as catecholamines and insulin which have opposing effects on lipolysis. Upon stimulation, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2)/adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate limiting enzyme for TAG hydrolysis, is activated by the interaction with its co-activator, alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5 (ABHD5), which is normally bound to perilipin 1 (PLIN1). Recently identified negative regulators of lipolysis include G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and PNPLA3 which interact with PNPLA2 and ABHD5, respectively. This review focuses on the dynamic protein–protein interactions involved in lipolysis and discusses some of the emerging concepts in the control of lipolysis that include allosteric regulation and protein turnover. Furthermore, recent research demonstrates that many of the proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis are multifunctional enzymes and that lipolysis can mediate homeostatic metabolic signals at both the cellular and whole-body level to promote inter-organ communication. Finally, adipocyte lipolysis is involved in various diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, and targeting adipocyte lipolysis is of therapeutic interest.

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Vakkachan, Amala Panaparambil, Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar, Reshma Kalarical Janardhanan, Anusree Velappan Nair, Sayooj P., and Vijayagopal P. "Revisiting Substrate Specificity Concept in Microbial Screening Methodologies for Fish Waste Management." Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 21, no. 07 (April 7, 2021): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v21_7_02.

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Microbial and enzymatic processing is an attractive area for production of valuable byproducts from fish waste. Functional screening methodologies for the purpose are still based on activities in non-specific substrates, and concept of substrate specificity is not yet validated. Therefore, reliability of using non-specific substrate for the purpose was checked. Results revealed the existence of a limited number of mutually inclusive positive isolates in non-specific and specific substrate based assays (13% for fish proteolysis and 22% for fish lipolysis), with no significant positive correlations (P>0.05). Further, using non-specific substrates in screening assays missed 57.1% and 53.33% of fish proteolytic and fish lipolytic microbes respectively, signifying the use of same substrates. Beyond methodological perspectives, the paper forms the first report on fish proteolytic activity of Bacillus tropicus, Bacillus vallismortis, Paenibacillus alvei, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus hominis. Similarly, fish oil hydrolyzing capacities of B. tropicus, Cronobacter sakazakii, P. alvei, Paenibacillus pinisoli, Pantoea stewartii, S. hominis and Staphylococcus caprae are recorded for the first time. Further, the paper points out 6 and 3 potential microbial species producing > 1 protease units/ml and >1 enzymatic index for fish proteolytic and lipolytic activities, without any optimization, warranting future use in fish waste management.

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Pang, Xiao-Yan, Jian Cao, Linsee Addington, Scott Lovell, Kevin P. Battaile, Na Zhang, J. L. Uma Maheswar Rao, Edward A. Dennis, and Alexander R. Moise. "Structure/Function Relationships of Adipose Phospholipase A2 Containing a Cys-His-His Catalytic Triad." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 42 (August 25, 2012): 35260–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.398859.

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Adipose phospholipase A2 (AdPLA or Group XVI PLA2) plays an important role in the onset of obesity by suppressing adipose tissue lipolysis. As a consequence, AdPLA-deficient mice are resistant to obesity induced by a high fat diet or leptin deficiency. It has been proposed that AdPLA mediates its antilipolytic effects by catalyzing the release of arachidonic acid. Based on sequence homology, AdPLA is part of a small family of acyltransferases and phospholipases related to lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT). To better understand the enzymatic mechanism of AdPLA and LRAT-related proteins, we solved the crystal structure of AdPLA. Our model indicates that AdPLA bears structural similarity to proteins from the NlpC/P60 family of cysteine proteases, having its secondary structure elements configured in a circular permutation of the classic papain fold. Using both structural and biochemical evidence, we demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of AdPLA is mediated by a distinctive Cys-His-His catalytic triad and that the C-terminal transmembrane domain of AdPLA is required for the interfacial catalysis. Analysis of the enzymatic activity of AdPLA toward synthetic and natural substrates indicates that AdPLA displays PLA1 in addition to PLA2 activity. Thus, our results provide insight into the enzymatic mechanism and biochemical properties of AdPLA and LRAT-related proteins and lead us to propose an alternate mechanism for AdPLA in promoting adipose tissue lipolysis that is not contingent on the release of arachidonic acid and that is compatible with its combined PLA1/A2 activity.

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Wang, Qingling, Guofeng Jin, Ning Wang, Yongguo Jin, Meihu Ma, and Xin Guo. "Lipolysis and oxidation of lipids during egg storage at different temperatures." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 3 (June 28, 2017): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/174/2016-cjfs.

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The aim of this study was to investigate lipolysis and lipid oxidation of stored eggs at different temperatures (4 and 22°C) by evaluating the changes in physicochemical index, lipid profiles, enzymatic activity, and oxidative index. The results showed that the changes in physicochemical index were more significant at 22°C than at 4°C. Weight loss, moisture content, and pH of egg yolk increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the yolk index decreased during storage. However, there was no significant difference in lipid profiles between 4 and 22°C storage temperature. The lipid composition analysis demonstrated that lipid hydrolysis took place during egg storage and resulted in a marked decrease of PL and increase of FFA. It was also found that the content of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) decreased significantly during storage. The correlation analysis showed that the lipid degradation is significantly positively related to lipase activity (P < 0.05), and the marked changes of lipid fractions are results of both hydrolysis and oxidation. It can be concluded that the egg physicochemical index and lipase activity were greatly influenced by temperature during storage, but the yolk lipid stability was not significantly influenced by storage temperature.

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Mishraki-Berkowitz, Tehila, Guy Cohen, Abraham Aserin, and Nissim Garti. "Controlling insulin release from reverse hexagonal (HII) liquid crystalline mesophase by enzymatic lipolysis." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 161 (January 2018): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.031.

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Siedel, J., S. Schiefer, M. Rosseneu, R. Bergeaud, W. De Keersgieter, B. Pautz, N. Vinaimont, and J. Ziegenhorn. "Immunoturbidimetric method for routine determinations of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B in normo- and hyperlipemic sera compared with immunonephelometry." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.9.1816.

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Abstract We describe a method for routine immunoturbidimetry of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B in both normo- and hyperlipemic sera. A special antiserum reagent, consisting of a highly concentrated mixture of nonionic and anionic detergents (final concentration in the assay, 36 g/L), rapidly removes intrinsic turbidities of even strongly lipemic sera without interfering with the antigen-antibody precipitation reaction. The method has good precision, and obviates the need for special sample pretreatment, extended incubation periods, and measurment of sample blanks. A comparison with established immunoephelometric assays generally showed close agreement for analytical recoveries of the three apolipoproteins. However, in samples containing greater than or equal to 18 g of triglycerides per liter, the nephelometric assays yielded about two- to threefold higher values for apo A-II and B than did the turbidimetric procedure. To elucidate this discrepancy, we used the turbidimetric methods to assay sera with and without enzymatic lipolytic pretreatment. Even for samples with triglyceride concentrations up to 60 g/L, complete enzymatic lipolysis (as evidenced by thin-layer chromatography) did not significantly alter the recoveries of apo A-II and B from those obtained with the untreated specimens. Thus the immunoturbidimetric methods yield reliable results for apo A-I, A-II, and B, not only in normo- but also in hyperlipemic sera.

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Tsou, May-June, Fuh-Juin Kao, Hsi-Chi Lu, Hao-Chun Kao, and Wen-Dee Chiang. "Purification and identification of lipolysis-stimulating peptides derived from enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein." Food Chemistry 138, no. 2-3 (June 2013): 1454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.149.

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11

Peinado, Irene, Virginia Larrea, Ana Heredia, and Ana Andrés. "Lipolysis kinetics of milk-fat catalyzed by an enzymatic supplement under simulated gastrointestinal conditions." Food Bioscience 23 (June 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2018.02.011.

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Sato, Tatsuya, Shunichi Mori, Melati Septiyanti, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Chizuru Hongo, Takuya Matsumoto, and Takashi Nishino. "Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanofiber cryogels as oil absorbents and enzymatic lipolysis scaffolds." Carbohydrate Research 493 (July 2020): 108020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2020.108020.

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13

Degen, A. J. M., and J. Van Der Vies. "Enzymatic microdetermination of free fatty acids in plasma of animals using paraoxon to prevent lipolysis." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 45, no. 3 (January 1985): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365518509161007.

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Linder, Michel, Excellent Matouba, Jacques Fanni, and Michel Parmentier. "Enrichment of salmon oil with n-3 PUFA by lipolysis, filtration and enzymatic re-esterification." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 104, no. 8 (August 2002): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200208)104:8<455::aid-ejlt455>3.0.co;2-q.

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Márquez-Ruiz, G., M. C. García-Martínez, and F. Holgado. "Changes and Effects of Dietary Oxidized Lipids in the Gastrointestinal Tract." Lipid Insights 2 (January 2008): LPI.S904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/lpi.s904.

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This paper is focused on the present state-of-the art of modifications and effects of dietary oxidized lipids during their transit along the gastrointestinal tract. A survey of the literature reporting changes and effects of oxidized lipids before absorption, first in the stomach and then during enzymatic lipolysis in the small intestine, are addressed. Also, the fate of non-absorbed compounds and their potential implications at the colorectal level are discussed. Among the results found, it is shown that acidic gastric conditions and the influence of other dietary components may lead to either further oxidation or antioxidative effects in the stomach. Also, changes in oxidized functions, especially of hydroperoxy and epoxy groups, seem likely to occur. Enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase is not effective for triacylglycerol polymers, and hence they can be found as non-absorbed oxidized lipids in the large intestine. Interactions of oxidized lipids with cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and with microflora metabolism have been also observed.

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Beltrán, M. C., A. Manzur, M. Rodríguez, J. R. Díaz, and C. Peris. "Effect of mid-line or low-line milking systems on lipolysis and milk composition in dairy goats." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 6 (August 2018): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000771.

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AbstractTwo experiments were carried out to investigate how milking in mid-line (ML) affects the lipolysis level and milk composition in goat livestock, in comparison with low-line (LL) milking. The first experiment took place, in triplicate, on an experimental farm. For each replicate, a crossover design (62 goats, two treatments, ML and LL, in two periods each lasting 4 days) was used. Milk samples were taken daily at 0 and 24 h after milking. In the first experimental replicate, some enzymatic coagulation cheeses were made, which were assessed by a panel of tasters at 50 and 100 days of maturation. In the second experiment, the lipolysis level and composition of tank milk from 55 commercial dairy goat farms (25 ML and 30 LL) were analysed, in milk samples taken in three different weeks. The results of the first experiment showed that ML milking increased free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in raw goat's milk significantly (0.71 v. 0.40 mmol/l, respectively). However, in the milk samples taken from commercial farms the FFA concentration remained unaffected by the milking pipeline height (0.59 v. 0.58 mmol/l for ML and LL, respectively). No significant differences were found in the milk composition, nor in the sensory characteristics in the cured cheeses, which suggests that factors other than the milkline height are able to influence the level of lipolysis under commercial conditions. Therefore, ML milking should not be discouraged, provided that the correct functioning and management of the milking operation and milk storage on the farm is guaranteed.

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Singh, Jasmeet, Radha Ranganathan, and Joseph Hajdu. "Surface dilution kinetics using substrate analog enantiomers as diluents: Enzymatic lipolysis by bee venom phospholipase A2." Analytical Biochemistry 407, no. 2 (December 2010): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2010.08.015.

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Moya-Ramírez, Ignacio, Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga, Encarnación Jurado-Alameda, and Miguel García-Román. "Waste Frying Oils as Substrate for Enzymatic Lipolysis: Optimization of Reaction Conditions in O/W Emulsion." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 93, no. 11 (September 20, 2016): 1487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-016-2900-z.

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Hiu, Jia Jin, and Michelle Khai Khun Yap. "Cytotoxicity of snake venom enzymatic toxins: phospholipase A2 and l-amino acid oxidase." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20200110.

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The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are two major enzymes found in the venoms from most snake species. These enzymes have been structurally and functionally characterised for their pharmacological activities. Both PLA2 and LAAO from different venoms demonstrate considerable cytotoxic effects on cancer cells via induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of proliferation. These enzymes produce more pronounced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells than normal cells, thus they can be potential sources as chemotherapeutic agents. It is proposed that PLA2 and LAAO contribute to an elevated oxidative stress due to their catalytic actions, for instance, the ability of PLA2 to produce reactive oxygen species during lipolysis and formation of H2O2 from LAAO catalytic activity which consequently lead to cell death. Nonetheless, the cell-death signalling pathways associated with exposure to these enzymatic toxins are not fully elucidated yet. Here in this review, we will discuss the cytotoxic effects of PLA2 and LAAO in relationship to their catalytic mechanisms and the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic actions.

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Carr, R. E., S. M. Humphreys, and K. N. Frayn. "Catecholamine interference with enzymatic determination of nonesterified fatty acids in two commercially available test kits." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.3.455.

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Abstract We present evidence that catecholamines, which are commonly used to stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue in vitro, interfere with the enzymatic determination of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in two commercially available kits. Measurement of a 100 mumol/L standard with the Wako "NEFA C" test kit was 60% inhibited by 100 mumol/L norepinephrine and was completely inhibited by 100 mumol/L isoproterenol or by 1 mmol/L norepinephrine or epinephrine. Measurement with the Boehringer Mannheim "Free Fatty acids, Half-micro test" was completely inhibited by 100 mumol/L norepinephrine and was also affected by concentrations as low as 0.1 mumol/L. We propose that this effect is due to the catecholamines interfering with a step common to the two kits, the generation of hydrogen peroxide and oxidation of a chromagen; furthermore, this interference appears to be stoichiometric. We also give details of an alternative in-house method, which does not depend on the generation of hydrogen peroxide and is not affected by catecholamines.

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Bauer, Vernon W., Teresa L. Squire, Mark E. Lowe, and Matthew T. Andrews. "Expression of a chimeric retroviral-lipase mRNA confers enhanced lipolysis in a hibernating mammal." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): R1186—R1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.4.r1186.

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Hibernating mammals can survive several months without feeding by limiting their carbohydrate catabolism and using triacylglycerols stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) as their primary source of fuel. Here we show that a lipolytic enzyme normally found in the gut, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PTL), is expressed in WAT of hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels ( Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). PTL expressed in WAT is encoded by an unusual chimeric retroviral-PTL mRNA ∼500 bases longer than the predominant PTL message found in other ground squirrel tissues. Seasonal measurements detect the chimeric mRNA and PTL enzymatic activity in WAT before and during hibernation, with both showing their lowest observed levels 1 wk after hibernation concludes in mid-March. PTL is expressed in addition to hormone-sensitive lipase, the enzyme typically responsible for hydrolysis of triacylglycerols in WAT. Because of the distinct catalytic and regulatory properties of both enzymes, this dual-triacylglycerol lipase system provides a means by which the fuel requirements of hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels can be met without interruption.

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Mishra, A., E. V. Tsypandina, A. M. Gaponov, S. A. Rumyantsev, R. A. Khanferyan, and A. V. Shestopalov. "EFFECT OF MYOKINES ON THE QUANTITY OF HORMONE SENSITIVE LIPASE IN MSCS AND THE PRODUCTS OF THEIR ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 10, no. 4 (2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2224-6444-2020-10-4-29-35.

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The basic metabolic process associated with white and beige/brown adipose tissues is lipolysis – the sequential enzymatic process of the hydrolysis of triglycerides in the adipose tissue. It has been repeatedly shown that physical activity activates lipolysis. It has recently been shown that skeletal muscles have an endocrine role; producing a host of myogenic hormones – myokines. Current literature has an incomplete understanding of the interdependent relationship between skeletal muscles and adipose tissue. We researched the influence of myocyte secreted cytokines (myokines) – meteorin-like protein (METRNL) and β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), and the adrenergic agonist isoproterenol on the levels of total and phosphorylated (Ser552) hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and the cellular products of their adipogenic differentiation. The MSCs were obtained from 5 healthy donors. The adipogenic differentiation protocol was carried out for a span of 21 days. After procuring the adipocyte cultures, the following stimulators were added – 5 μM METRNL, 5 μM BAIBA, and 5 μM isoproterenol. With the help of western blot, the change in the amount of total and activated levels of HSL were monitored in cells of three different adipogenic differentiation protocols in MSCs. We observed that HSL and its activated form are produced in cell cultures induced with factors for white, beige, and brown adipogenic differentiation.

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Lee, Hak Yong, Young Mi Park, Dong Yeop Shin, Kwang Hyun Park, Min Ju Kim, Sun Myung Yoon, Keun Nam Kim, et al. "Potential Effect of Enzymatic Porcine Placental Hydrolysate (EPPH) to Improve Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) by Promoting Lipolysis in the Liver." Biology 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11071012.

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Alcoholic liver disease is associated with the production of highly reactive free radicals by ethanol and its metabolites. Free radicals not only induce liver oxidation and damage tissues, but also stimulate an inflammatory response in hepatocytes, leading to severe liver disease. In order to improve alcoholic liver disease, enzymatic porcine placenta hydrolysate was studied by exploring various materials. Enzymatic porcine placenta hydrolysate (EPPH) contains various amino acids, peptides, and proteins, and is used as a useful substance in the body. In this study, changes were confirmed in indicators related to the antioxidant efficacy of EPPH in vitro and in vivo. EPPH inhibits an EtOH-induced decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity through inhibition of free radicals without endogenous cytotoxicity. EPPH has been observed to have a partial effect on common liver function factors such as liver weight, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT. In addition, EPPH affected changes in fat regulators and inflammatory cytokines in blood biochemical assays. It was confirmed that EPPH was involved in fat metabolism in hepatocytes by regulating PPARα in an alcoholic liver disease animal model. Therefore, EPPH strongly modulates Bcl-2 and BAX involved in apoptosis, thereby exhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP)-inhibitory effects in alcoholic liver disease cells. As a result, this study confirmed that EPPH is a substance that can help liver health by improving liver disease in an alcoholic liver disease animal model.

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Samyn, N., A. Christophe, and J. Demeester. "Separation and Quantitation of Low Amounts of Enzymatic Lipolysis Products Obtained in the Presence of High Triglyceride Concentrations." Analytical Letters 31, no. 7 (May 1998): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00032719808002852.

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Corvis, Yohann, Beata Korchowiec, Gerald Brezesinski, Sébastien Follot, and Ewa Rogalska. "Impact of Aluminum on the Oxidation of Lipids and Enzymatic Lipolysis in Monomolecular Films at the Air/Water Interface." Langmuir 23, no. 6 (March 2007): 3338–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0629429.

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Bourgeois, Christine, Leslie Couëdelo, Muriel Subirade, and Maud Cansell. "Canola Proteins Used as Co‐Emulsifiers with Phospholipids Influence Oil Oxidability, Enzymatic Lipolysis, and Fatty Acid Absorption in Rats." European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 122, no. 9 (August 5, 2020): 2000134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.202000134.

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Shahzadi, Iram, Andrea Fürst, Patrick Knoll, and Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch. "Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) for Oral Peptide Drug Delivery: About the Impact of Surface Decoration." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (August 22, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081312.

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This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of surfactants used for nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) to provide enzymatic protection for incorporated peptides. Insulin as a model peptide was ion paired with sodium dodecyl sulfate to improve its lipophilicity. Three NLC formulations containing polyethylene glycol ester (PEG-ester), polyethylene glycol ether (PEG-ether), and polyglycerol ester (PG-ester) surfactants were prepared by solvent diffusion method. NLCs were characterized regarding particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. Biocompatibility of NLCs was assessed on Caco-2 cells via resazurin assay. In vitro lipolysis study was performed using a standard lipid digestion method. Proteolytic studies were performed in simulated gastric fluid containing pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid containing pancreatin. Lipophilicity of insulin in terms of log Poctanol/water was improved from −1.8 to 2.1. NLCs were in the size range of 64–217 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.2–0.5 and exhibited a negative surface charge. PG-ester NLCs were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 0.5%, PEG-ester NLCs up to a concentration of 0.25% and PEG-ether NLC up to a concentration of 0.125% (w/v). The lipolysis study showed the release of >90%, 70%, and 10% of free fatty acids from PEG-ester, PG-ester, and PEG-ether NLCs, respectively. Proteolysis results revealed the highest protective effect of PEG-ether NLCs followed by PG-ester and PEG-ester NLCs for incorporated insulin complex. Findings suggest that NLCs bearing substructures less susceptible to degrading enzymes on their surface can provide higher protection for incorporated peptides toward gastrointestinal proteases.

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Prentki, Marc, and S. R. Murthy Madiraju. "Glycerolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Health and Disease." Endocrine Reviews 29, no. 6 (July 7, 2008): 647–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2008-0007.

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Abstract Maintenance of body temperature is achieved partly by modulating lipolysis by a network of complex regulatory mechanisms. Lipolysis is an integral part of the glycerolipid/free fatty acid (GL/FFA) cycle, which is the focus of this review, and we discuss the significance of this pathway in the regulation of many physiological processes besides thermogenesis. GL/FFA cycle is referred to as a “futile” cycle because it involves continuous formation and hydrolysis of GL with the release of heat, at the expense of ATP. However, we present evidence underscoring the “vital” cellular signaling roles of the GL/FFA cycle for many biological processes. Probably because of its importance in many cellular functions, GL/FFA cycling is under stringent control and is organized as several composite short substrate/product cycles where forward and backward reactions are catalyzed by separate enzymes. We believe that the renaissance of the GL/FFA cycle is timely, considering the emerging view that many of the neutral lipids are in fact key signaling molecules whose production is closely linked to GL/FFA cycling processes. The evidence supporting the view that alterations in GL/FFA cycling are involved in the pathogenesis of “fatal” conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer is discussed. We also review the different enzymatic and transport steps that encompass the GL/FFA cycle leading to the generation of several metabolic signals possibly implicated in the regulation of biological processes ranging from energy homeostasis, insulin secretion and appetite control to aging and longevity. Finally, we present a perspective of the possible therapeutic implications of targeting this cycling.

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Yamamoto, Chieko, Daisuke Tsuru, Naoko Oda-Ueda, Motonori Ohno, Shosaku Hattori, and Sung-Teh Kim. "Trimeresurus flavoviridis (Habu Snake) Venom Induces Human Erythrocyte Lysis through Enzymatic Lipolysis, Complement Activation and Decreased Membrane Expression of CD55 and CD59." Pharmacology and Toxicology 89, no. 4 (October 2001): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0901-9928.2001.890408.x.

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Câmara, SP, A. Dapkevicius, C. Riquelme, RB Elias, CCG Silva, FX Malcata, and MLNE Dapkevicius. "Potential of lactic acid bacteria from Pico cheese for starter culture development." Food Science and Technology International 25, no. 4 (January 15, 2019): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013218823129.

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Autochthonous lactic acid bacteria may provide a means of promoting the quality and safety of traditional fermented food products, in particular, artisanal cheeses. Pico cheese is an artisanal, dairy specialty of the Azores in risk of disappearing. Efforts to maintain its quality to the requirements of the modern markets are, thus, necessary. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from artisanal Pico cheese, identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and their potential as starter cultures was evaluated by studying their acidification ability, enzymatic activities (caseinolysis, lipolysis and API-ZYM profile), diacetyl and expolysaccharide production, autolysis, antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7466, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29523, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 8357, sensory evaluation of odour formation in milk, syneresis and firmness of the curd. Several of the studied lactic acid bacteria isolates showed interesting properties for practical application as starters in artisanal cheese production. The isolates with the highest number of positive traits and, therefore, the most promising for starter development were Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis L1C21M1, Lactobacillus paracasei L1B1E3, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides L1C1E6, Lactobacillus casei L1A1E5 and L1C1E8.

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Cialiè Rosso, Marta, Federico Stilo, Steven Mascrez, Carlo Bicchi, Giorgia Purcaro, and Chiara Cordero. "Shelf-Life Evolution of the Fatty Acid Fingerprint in High-Quality Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) Harvested in Different Geographical Regions." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030685.

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Hazelnuts are characterized by a relatively high abundance of oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which give this fruit a high nutritional value. As a counterbalance, such a lipid profile is more susceptible to autoxidation and/or degradation reactions under enzymatic catalysis. Lipid oxidation occurs on fatty acids (FAs), both esterified on triacylglycerols and in free form (after lipolysis), but with favorable kinetics on the latter. In this study, the quali-quantitative changes in FA profiles (both free and esterified) were monitored during the shelf life (time 0, 6, and 12 months) as a function of different drying and storage conditions and different cultivars and geographical areas. A derivatization/extraction procedure was performed to quantify the profile of free and esterified fatty acids accurately. The overall profile of the free and esterified fatty acids concurred to create a biological signature characteristic of the cultivar and of the harvest region. The free and esterified forms’ characterization enabled the efficient monitoring of the effects of both the hydrolytic activity (increment in overall free fatty acids) and the oxidative process (decrease in unsaturated free fatty acids versus esterified fatty acids) over the 12 months of storage.

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Wiȩcław, Katarzyna, Beata Korchowiec, Yohann Corvis, Jacek Korchowiec, Hassan Guermouche, and Ewa Rogalska. "Meloxicam and Meloxicam-β-Cyclodextrin Complex in Model Membranes: Effects on the Properties and Enzymatic Lipolysis of Phospholipid Monolayers in Relation to Anti-inflammatory Activity." Langmuir 25, no. 3 (February 3, 2009): 1417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la8033897.

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Tappi, Silvia, Ana Cristina De Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro, Dario Mercatante, Gianfranco Picone, Francesca Soglia, Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada, Massimiliano Petracci, Francesco Capozzi, and Pietro Rocculi. "Quality Changes during Frozen Storage of Mechanical-Separated Flesh Obtained from an Underutilized Crustacean." Foods 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101485.

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Despite their high nutritional value, high quantities of fish caught in the Adriatic Sea are underused or discarded for their insignificant economic value. Mechanical separation of flesh represents an opportunity for developing innovative semi-finished products, even if it can promote an increased quality degradation rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate physico-chemical modifications of mechanically separated mantis shrimp flesh during deep-freezing storage. Flesh samples obtained using a belt-drum separator, frozen and vacuum-packed, were stored at 3 temperatures (industrial: −26 °C; domestic: −18 °C and abuse: −10 °C) for 12 months. During storage, qualitative (color, water content, pH, fatty acids (FA) and lipid oxidation) were evaluated. Fish freshness parameters (e.g., trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA) and amino acids) were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The mechanical separation process accelerated the initial oxidation phenomena, promoting color alterations, compared to manual separation. The main degradation phenomena during storage were significantly affected by temperature and were related to changes in luminosity, oxidation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), increased lipolysis with release of free FA, production of TMA and DMA by residual enzymatic activity, and changes in amino acids due to proteolysis. The inter-disciplinary approach permitted important findings to be made, in terms of the extent of different degradative phenomena, bound to processing and storage conditions of mechanically separated mantis flesh.

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Blasco, Josefina, Emilio J. Vélez, Miquel Perelló-Amorós, Sheida Azizi, Encarnación Capilla, Jaume Fernández-Borràs, and Joaquim Gutiérrez. "Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone-Induced Metabolic Remodelling Enhances Growth of Gilthead Sea-Bream (Sparus aurata): Insights from Stable Isotopes Composition and Proteomics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 13107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313107.

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Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGF axis) regulate somatic growth in mammals and fish, although their action on metabolism is not fully understood in the latter. An intraperitoneal injection of extended-release recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH, Posilac®) was used in gilthead sea bream fingerlings and juveniles to analyse the metabolic response of liver and red and white muscles by enzymatic, isotopic and proteomic analyses. GH-induced lipolysis and glycogenolysis were reflected in liver composition, and metabolic and redox enzymes reported higher lipid use and lower protein oxidation. In white and red muscle reserves, rBGH increased glycogen while reducing lipid. The isotopic analysis of muscles showed a decrease in the recycling of proteins and a greater recycling of lipids and glycogen in the rBGH groups, which favoured a protein sparing effect. The protein synthesis capacity (RNA/protein) of white muscle increased, while cytochrome-c-oxidase (COX) protein expression decreased in rBGH group. Proteomic analysis of white muscle revealed only downregulation of 8 proteins, related to carbohydrate metabolic processes. The global results corroborated that GH acted by saving dietary proteins for muscle growth mainly by promoting the use of lipids as energy in the muscles of the gilthead sea bream. There was a fuel switch from carbohydrates to lipids with compensatory changes in antioxidant pathways that overall resulted in enhanced somatic growth.

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Fowler, Jason D., Nathan D. Johnson, Thomas A. Haroldson, Joy A. Brintnall, Julio E. Herrera, Stephen A. Katz, and David A. Bernlohr. "Regulated renin release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 6 (June 2009): E1383—E1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00025.2009.

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Whereas adipose tissue possesses a local renin-angiotensin system, the synthesis and regulated release of renin has not been addressed. To that end, we utilized differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and analyzed renin expression and secretion. Renin mRNA expression and protein enzymatic activity were not detectable in preadipocytes. However, upon differentiation, renin mRNA and both intracellular and extracellular renin activity were upregulated. In differentiated adipocytes, forskolin treatment resulted in a 28-fold increase in renin mRNA, whereas TNFα treatment decreased renin mRNA fourfold. IL-6, insulin, and angiotensin (Ang) II were without effect. In contrast, forskolin and TNFα each increased renin protein secretion 12- and sevenfold, respectively. Although both forskolin and TNFα induce lipolysis in adipocytes, fatty acids, prostaglandin E2, and lipopolysaccharide had no effect on renin mRNA or secretion. To evaluate the mechanism(s) by which forskolin and/or TNFα are able to regulate renin secretion, a general lipase inhibitor (E600) and PKA inhibitor (H89) were used. Both inhibitors attenuated forskolin-induced renin release, whereas they had no effect on TNFα-regulated secretion. In contrast, E600 potentiated forskolin-stimulated renin mRNA levels, whereas H89 had no effect. Neither inhibitor had any influence on TNFα regulation of renin mRNA. Relative to lean controls, renin expression was reduced 78% in the epididymal adipose tissue of obese male C57Bl/6J mice, consistent with TNFα-mediated downregulation of renin mRNA in the culture system. In conclusion, the expression and secretion of renin are regulated under a complex series of hormonal and metabolic determinants in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

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Kupczyński, R., M. Adamski, D. Falta, G. Chládek, and W. Kruszyński. "The influence of condition on the metabolic profile of Czech Fleckvieh cows in the perinatal period." Archives Animal Breeding 54, no. 5 (October 10, 2011): 456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-54-456-2011.

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Abstract. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of Czech Fleckvieh cow‘s condition before parturition on chosen blood biochemical indices in perinatal period and at the beginning of lactation. The study was conducted on 38 multiparous cows 3–14 days prepartum. The cows were selected with respect to body condition score (BCS): BCS>4 points (group I, n=18) and BCS<4 points (group II, n=20). Blood was collected at 3–14 and 1–2 days prepartum and 1–2, 21 days postpartum and analyzed for lipid-carbohydrate, protein parameters and enzymatic activity. Cow‘s condition, milk yield and composition were also estimated. Changes in Czech Fleckvieh cow‘s condition in a transition period do not have any clear influence on milk yield and composition. An excessive BCS before calving leads to its higher decrease at the beginning of lactation and may indirectly point to a higher energy deficiency in the first period of lactation. It is confirmed by glucose concentration in blood serum decrease (P<0.01) in 3rd week of lactation when compared to cows with a proper condition before calving (3.39 vs. 2.45 mmol/l). Overnormative condition before calving also negatively influences the content of triacylglycerols, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in blood serum in the first days postpartum. TAG transport from liver to blood is impaired at the beginning of lactation in cows with high condition prepartum. The study demonstrated that in Czech Fleckvieh dairy type cows intensified lipolysis and ketogenesis in perinatal period do not take place pointing to high adaptation possibilities of their metabolism.

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Matias, Rosiane Rodrigues, Juliana Gisele Corrêa Rodrigues, Rudi Emerson de Lima Procópio, Carla Roberta Matte, Sergio Duvoisin Junior, Marco Antonio Zachia Ayub, Rosane Michele Duarte Soares, and Patrícia Melchionna Albuquerque. "Lipase production from Aniba canelilla endophytic fungi, characterization and application of the enzymatic extract." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 12 (September 10, 2022): e180111234326. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34326.

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Endophytic fungi (EF) have a notable capacity to produce active molecules of industrial importance, such as hydrolytic enzymes. In this study we investigated the production of lipase by EFs isolated from the Amazonian species Aniba canelilla (Lauraceae), characterized the enzymatic extract obtained from the most promising fungus, and applied the lipolytic extract as a biocatalyst in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production. The fungi were submitted to enzymatic screening in solid medium and in submerged fermentation to assess their lipase production. A total of 292 fungi were tested in solid media. Lipolytic activity was detected in 74% of the fungi cultivated in liquid media, 18 of which showing promising enzymatic production. The best lipase producer, Endomelanconiopsis endophytica QAT_7AC, was identified by sequencing of the ITS region. After adjusting the bioprocess conditions, E. endophytica QAT_7AC produced 2,415.5 U/mL of lipase after 72 h. The enzymatic extract showed higher lipolytic activity under pH 8.0 and 40 oC. The extract was applied as a biocatalyst in a transesterification reaction performed at 40 oC, with ethanol and waste cooking oil (3:1). The biodiesel yield was found to be 87% after 2 h rection when the fungal enzyme was used and 89% with the commercial biocatalyst. The endophytic fungi isolated from A. canelilla proved themselves to be biotechnologically relevant, as they can be explored as potential producers of lipases. The lipolytic extract can be applied in the synthesis of biodiesel using waste cooking oil.

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Deng, Yijie, Bo Yeon Kim, Kyeong Yong Lee, Hyung Joo Yoon, Hu Wan, Jianhong Li, Kwang Sik Lee, and Byung Rae Jin. "Lipolytic Activity of a Carboxylesterase from Bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) Venom." Toxins 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040239.

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Bee venom is a complex mixture composed of peptides, proteins with enzymatic properties, and low-molecular-weight compounds. Although the carboxylesterase in bee venom has been identified as an allergen, the enzyme’s role as a venom component has not been previously elucidated. Here, we show the lipolytic activity of a bumblebee (Bombus ignitus) venom carboxylesterase (BivCaE). The presence of BivCaE in the venom secreted by B. ignitus worker bees was confirmed using an anti-BivCaE antibody raised against a recombinant BivCaE protein produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant BivCaE protein was optimal at 40 °C and pH 8.5. Recombinant BivCaE protein degrades triglycerides and exhibits high lipolytic activity toward long-chain triglycerides, defining the role of BivCaE as a lipolytic agent. Bee venom phospholipase A2 binds to mammalian cells and induces apoptosis, whereas BivCaE does not affect mammalian cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that BivCaE functions as a lipolytic agent in bee venom, suggesting that BivCaE will be involved in distributing the venom via degradation of blood triglycerides.

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Hantsis-Zacharov, Elionora, and Malka Halpern. "Culturable Psychrotrophic Bacterial Communities in Raw Milk and Their Proteolytic and Lipolytic Traits." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 22 (September 21, 2007): 7162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00866-07.

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ABSTRACT During cold storage after milk collection, psychrotrophic bacterial populations dominate the microflora, and their extracellular enzymes, mainly proteases and lipases, contribute to the spoilage of dairy products. The diversity, dynamics, and enzymatic traits of culturable psychrotrophs in raw milk from four farms were investigated over a 10-month period. About 20% of the isolates were found to be novel species, indicating that there is still much to be learned about culturable psychrotrophs in raw milk. The psychrotrophic isolates were identified and classified in seven classes. Three classes were predominant, with high species richness (18 to 21 species per class) in different seasons of the year: Gammaproteobacteria in spring and winter, Bacilli in summer, and Actinobacteria in autumn. The four minor classes were Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, and Sphingobacteria. The dominant classes were found in all four dairies, although every dairy had its own unique “bacterial profile.” Most but not all bacterial isolates had either lipolytic or both lipolytic and proteolytic activities. Only a few isolates showed proteolytic activity alone. The dominant genera, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter (Gammaproteobacteria), showed mainly lipolytic activity, Microbacterium (Actinobacteria) was highly lipolytic and proteolytic, and the lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus and Leuconostoc) displayed very minor enzymatic ability. Hence, the composition of psychrotrophic bacterial flora in raw milk has an important role in the determination of milk quality. Monitoring the dominant psychrotrophic species responsible for the production of heat-stable proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes offers a sensitive and efficient tool for maintaining better milk quality in the milk industry.

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Siódmiak, Tomasz, Gudmundur G. Haraldsson, Jacek Dulęba, Marta Ziegler-Borowska, Joanna Siódmiak, and Michał Piotr Marszałł. "Evaluation of Designed Immobilized Catalytic Systems: Activity Enhancement of Lipase B from Candida antarctica." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080876.

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Immobilized enzymatic catalysts are widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. As Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the more commonly used biocatalysts, we attempted to design an optimal lipase-catalytic system. In order to do that, we investigated the enantioselectivity and lipolytic activity of CALB immobilized on 12 different supports. Immobilization of lipase on IB-D152 allowed us to achieve hyperactivation (178%) in lipolytic activity tests. Moreover, the conversion in enantioselective esterification increased 43-fold, when proceeding with lipase-immobilized on IB-S861. The immobilized form exhibited a constant high catalytic activity in the temperature range of 25 to 55 °C. Additionally, the lipase immobilized on IB-D152 exhibited a higher lipolytic activity in the pH range of 6 to 9 compared with the native form. Interestingly, our investigations showed that IB-S500 and IB-S60S offered a possibility of application in catalysis in both organic and aqueous solvents. A significant link between the reaction media, the substrates, the supports and the lipase was confirmed. In our enzymatic investigations, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the titrimetric method, as well as the Bradford method were employed.

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Valencia-Guerrero, María Fernanda, Balkys Quevedo-Hidalgo, Marcela Franco-Correa, Hugo Diez-Ortega, Claudia Marcela Parra-Giraldo, and María Ximena Rodríguez-Bocanegra. "Evaluación de actividades enzimáticas de Fusarium spp., aislados de lesiones en humanos, animales y plantas." Universitas Scientiarum 16, no. 2 (June 2, 2011): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc16-2.aoec.

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Objective. To determine amylolytic, cellulolytic, lipolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic activities in 32 Fusarium spp. isolates from humans, animals and plants. Materials and methods. Qualitative determination of enzymatic activities was done by measuring hydrolysis halos in agar plates with their corresponding substrate. Quantitative determination was done by colorimetric techniques, using liquid culture supernatants to determine the respective substrate degradation. Results. All isolates showed enzymatic activities from a qualitative point of view, except amylolytic and lipolytic. Quantitative determination was possible for all the evaluated enzymes except lipases. Conclusion. The determination of amylolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and proteolytic enzymatic profiles of each of the Fusarium isolates assessed suggests their capacity to degrade these substrates, irrespectively of their origin. Key words: Fusarium, multihost pathogen, amylases, celluloses, pectinases, proteases, lipases

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PEIL, GREICE H. S., ANELISE V. KUSS, ANDRÉS F. G. RAVE, JOSÉ P. V. VILLARREAL, YOHANA M. L. HERNANDES, and PATRÍCIA S. NASCENTE. "Bioprospecting of lipolytic microorganisms obtained from industrial effluents." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 3 suppl (August 18, 2016): 1769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150550.

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ABSTRACT The lipases have ability to catalyze diverse reactions and are important in different biotechnological applications. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize microorganisms that produce lipases, from different food industry effluents localized in Pelotas, RS/Brazil. Bacteria were identified using Gram stain and biochemical tests (Vitek 2(r)). Fungi were identified according to macro and micromorphology characteristics. The extracellular lipase production was evaluated using the Rhodamine B test and the enzymatic activity by titration. Twenty-one bacteria were isolated and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Raoultella planticola. Were characterized isolated filamentous fungi by the following genera: Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Geotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Mucor sp., Paecilomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. Extracellular lipase production was observed in 71.43% of the bacteria and 57.14% of the fungi. The bacterium that presented better promising enzymatic activity was E. aerogenes (1.54 U/ml) however between fungi there was not significant difference between the four isolates. This study indicated that microorganisms lipase producers are present in the industrial effluents, as well as these enzymes have potential of biodegradation of lipid compounds.

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Lowke, Makenzie T., Richard F. Kaiser, Natasha L. Bell, and Michelle Garcia. "PSIX-35 Quebracho Tannin Influences Lipolytic Activity in Mature Porcine Adipocytes." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.553.

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Abstract Fat deposition in pork enhances flavor of meat; however, too much fat is an undesirable commodity in a health-conscious society. Therefore, manipulating the nutritional components of a swine diet to aid in the deliberate deposition of fat for the purpose of flavor while avoiding overconditioning is an aim in production. Nutrient additives, such as condensed polyphenolic tannins, inhibit pre-adipocyte maturation, but the role on lipid metabolism in mature adipocytes (MA) remains unclear. Therefore, it is hypothesized that quebracho tannin will alter lipid metabolism in porcine MA. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected from 5 ± 0 month old (n = 3) barrows weighing 37.7 ± 1.84kg. Tissue was enzymatically dispersed (collagenase type II) to isolate lipid filled adipocytes. After enzymatic separation the cells were rinsed and divided into 2 groups for separate incubation periods plus tannin treatment: 1) 2 hr incubation time with/without tannin (Quebracho Schinopsis lorentzii; 0M, 0.1mg, 0.5mg, and 1mg) or 2) 24 hr incubation time with/without tannin (0M, 0.1mg, 0.5mg, and 1mg). Approximately 4x105 cells/well were cultured in triplicate/treatment dose at 37 °C with 5% CO2 in atmosphere. Upon termination of the culture period, media was processed for analysis of glycerol content to determine lipolytic activity using an enzymatic colorimetric assay. The MIXED procedure of SAS for factorial treatment design was utilized to determine the effect of time and tannin treatment on lipolytic activity in cultured MA. Glycerol content was significantly higher (P£0.001) in tannin treated cultures. Time tended (P = 0.1) to influence the magnitude of lipolytic activity. Hence, quebracho tannin appears to augment lipolytic activity in cultured porcine MA. Determining the effect of tannin on lipolytic regulators will support the supposition that tannins influence MA lipid metabolism.

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Dynowska, Maria, Ewa Sucharzewska, and Anna Biedunkiewicz. "Enzymatic activity of fungi of the genus Candida isolated from the skin and the digestive tract in people and from municipal sewage." Acta Mycologica 36, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2001.021.

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Enzymatic activities of C. albicans, C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis from the skin and the digestive tract and from municipal sewage were compared using the API ZYM system (bio Méricux). Aclivities were examined in relalion to potential pathogenicity of these fungi strictly connected with their enzymatic properties, especilly the production of proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, as well as acidic and basic phosphatase. The proteolytic activity was high in strains of C. albicans from the digestive tract and from municipal sewage, as we~ as in C. guilliermondii isolated from sewage. The highest lipolytic activity was recorded in the case of C. guilliermondii from sewage, and C. albicans and C. tropicalis from the digestive tract. Acidic and basic phosphatases and phosphohydrolase were secreted by strains of all species isolated from municipal sewage in the greatest degree (the only exception is a high activity of acidic phosphatase of C. albicans and C. tropicalis in the digestive tract). A higher enzymatic activity was observed in the same species in municipal sewage than in the human body.

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Bogusławska-Wąs, Elżbieta, Waldemar Dąbrowski, Katarzyna Skoropada, and Kinga Różycka-Kaszrelan. "Differentiation of enzymatic activity of yeasts and yeast-like microorganisms isolated from various environments." Acta Mycologica 35, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2000.007.

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The aim of study was to determinate enzymatic activity of yeast-like organisms - Candida lipolytica, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon beigelii, Zygosaccharomyces sp. - isolated from the Szczecin Lagoon and herring salads. We have shown that lipolytic activity was higher than protcolytic for every strain tested. The lowest activity level was found out for amylolytic hydrolases. The results also demonstrated that yeast-like organisms isolated from the Szczecin Lagoon revealed much higher average enzymatic activity compared to tbe same species isolated from herring salads, excepting C. lipolytica.

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Muhamad Azwar Syah. "Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Molekuler Gen 16S rRNA Bakteri Lipolitik Asal Limbah Kulit Biji Jambu Mete." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 8, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.8.1.20-26.

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Lipolytic bacteria attract great attention to various biotechnology industries because of their enzymatic potential. This study aims to isolate and identify lipolytic bacteria from cashew nutshell waste using the 16S rRNA gene as a molecular marker. Lipolytic bacteria were isolated using serial dilutions and inoculated on lipolytic media. A total of 3 isolates of lipolytic bacteria were obtained from cashew nutshell waste based on screening in LA Rhodamine B. The partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene from LB15 amplified using a pair of primers 63F and 1387R having a size of 1238 bp, while BL6 and BK6 were 1283 bp, respectively. Based on genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction, we proposed that LB15 be identified as Burkholderia sp. with 99.92% similarity. In addition, because the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of BL6 was 99.87% with Paraburkholderia kururiensis strain 979, BL6 was classified as Paraburkholderia kururiensis. Then, isolate BK6 was identified as Ralstonia sp. with a similarity of 99.53%. The similarity value can be used as a reference in determining the identity of bacteria. A bacterium can be categorized as the same species if it has a similarity value of more than 99%.

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Dumaeva, Zukhra Nasirdinovna, Shokir Kodirovich Kodirov, Muhammadumar Shokirovich Kodirov, Rakhmatillo Shokirovich Kodirov, and Gulmira Adilovna Yuldasheva. "The release of hydrolytic enzymes by the salivary glands and their content in the blood after unilateral nephrectomy." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 25, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v25.1.2689.

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We studied the mechanisms of transformation of some salivary enzymes and established the real contribution of the salivary glands to the enzymatic homeostasis of the body in unilateral nephrectomy.The results were obtained that with unilateral nephrectomy, the content of amylase and pepsinogen in the blood increases, but its lipolytic activity remains unchanged, the volume of basal secretion of the salivary glands, the content and release of amylase by the parotid salivary gland increases. Unilateral nephrectomy stimulates the increment of pepsinogen by the gastric glands, and, accordingly, enhances its recreation from the blood, by the salivary glands. After unilateral nephrectomy, lipolytic activity and its secretion in saliva remain unchanged

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Ozgen, Melis, Azade Attar, Yeliz Elalmis, Meral Birbir, and Sevil Yucel. "Enzymatic activity of a novel halotolerant lipase from Haloarcula hispanica 2TK2." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0024.

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Abstract A strain of Haloarcula hispanica isolated from Tuzkoy salt mine, Turkey exhibited extracellular lipolytic activity. Important parameters such as carbon sources and salt concentration for lipase production were investigated. Optimal conditions for the enzyme production from Haloarcula hispanica 2TK2 were determined. It was observed that the lipolytic activity of Haloarcula hispanica was stimulated by some of the carbon sources. The high lipase acitivity values were obtained in the presence of 2% (v/v) walnut oil (6.16 U/ml), 1% (v/v) fish oil (5.07 U/ml), 1% (v/v) olive oil (4.52 U/ml) and 1% (w/v) stearic acid (4.88 U/ml) at 4M NaCl concentration. Lipase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. Optimal temperature and pH values were determined as 45°C and 8.0, respectively. Lipase activity decreased with the increasing salt concentration, but 85% activity of the enzyme was maintained at 5M NaCl concentration. The enzyme preserved 41% of its relative activity at 90°C. The partially purified lipase maintained its activity in the presence of surfactants such as Triton X-100 and SDS. Therefore, the lipase which is an extremozyme may have potential applications especially in detergent industry.

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Pukančíková, Lucia, Sabina Lipničanová, Miroslava Kačániová, Daniela Chmelová, and Miroslav Ondrejovič. "Natural Microflora of Raw Cow Milk and their Enzymatic Spoilage Potential." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2016-0015.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to identify the main microbiota in raw cow milk from dairy farm of Slovakia and to describe the selected microorganisms responsible for thermostable protease and lipase production which can affected the quality of dairy products. The main bacterial classes identifying by MALDI-TOF MS were Gammaproteobacteria (62 %), Actinobacteria (19 %) and Bacilli (12 %). The dominant microbial genus of raw cow milk was Pseudomonas. From milk bacteria, the strain Lactococcus lactis and from the family Enterobacteriaceae, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter braakii and Raoultella ornithinolytica were observed in raw milk. The spoilage of milk products is caused by thermostable enzymes with lipolytic and proteolytic activity. Qualitative proteolytic and lipolytic activities were performed on skin milk agar and olive oil, respectively. From 16 identified microorganisms, only 8 strains (P. fragii, P. gessardii, P. lundesis, H. alvei, C. braakii, R. ornithinolytica, Kocuria rhizophila and Candida inconspicua) showed protease activity. Quantitative protease and lipase activities were determined by casein and olive oil, respectively. The highest both activities were measured for the genus Pseudomonas. While lipases produced by all isolated microbial species lose enzymatic activity at 77 °C for 30 – 40 min, almost proteases showed comparable activities during whole pasteurization experiment at selected experimental conditions (70 °C, 40 min).

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Marlida, Rini, and Elrifadah Elrifadah. "ISOLATION AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY TEST OF PROBIOTIC CANDIDATE FROM DANAU PANGGANG SWAMP ECONOMICAL FISHES DIGESTIVE TRACT." Fish Scientiae 7, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fs.v1i2.4540.

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Aim of this research were isolation of probiotics candidate from digestive tract of Danau Panggang swamp fishes and amylolitic, proteolytic, and lipolyticenzyme activity test. Sample fishes were snake head (Channa striata), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), and Siamese gouramy (Trichogaster pectoralis) as a refresentatif sample from carnivorous, omnivorous, and herbivorous fish. Medium containing starch, skim milk and olive oil used as selective media. Result of this research was successfully isolated probiotic candidate whom grow well and had enzyme activity from C. Striata obtained 11 isolate, 12 isolate from A. testudineus and T. pectoralis respectively. Higher amilolytic activity was C3GHDP, I3PDP4 had a higher lipolytic activity, D4SSDP1 and H3PDP had a higher proteolytic activity. Among those isolate G1PDPsp had a amilolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Enzymatic lipolysis'

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