Journal articles: 'Environmental uncertainty theory'

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Geng, Xiaowei, Mengyue Li, Feng Zhang, Wenjing Li, and Dan Liu. "Incremental theory of personality attenuates the effect of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choices." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 16 (January 2022): 183449092211393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18344909221139325.

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To examine the impact of environmental uncertainty on individuals’ intertemporal choices and the moderating effect of implicit personality theory, two studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated the moderating role of implicit personality theory in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice using questionnaires. Study 2 examined whether priming incremental personality theory could change entity theorists’ intertemporal preference in an uncertain environment. The results showed that implicit personality theory plays a moderating role in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice. For entity theorists, the delay discounting rate was positively correlated with environmental uncertainty. In contrast, for incremental theorists, the delay discounting rate was not significantly correlated with environmental uncertainty. After priming incremental personality theory, entity theorists’ delay discounting decreased significantly. Thus, we conclude that incremental personality theory buffers the effect of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice.

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Conti, Marcelo Enrique, Jorge Oscar Muse, and Mauro Mecozzi. "Uncertainty in environmental analysis: theory and laboratory studies." International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management 5, no. 2/3/4 (2005): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijram.2005.007174.

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Fuadah, Luk Luk, Yulia Saftiana, and Umi Kalsum. "Environmental Uncertainty and Manager's Personnel Value Effect on Environmental Disclosure." Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen 17, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jom.v17i2.1402.2021.

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This study aims to examine the effect of environmental uncertainty and managers' personnel value on environmental disclosure. This study uses a saturated sampling of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and the respondents are all managers’ levels. The total sample of this study is 161 manufacturing companies. The respondents got the questionnaires via email, and 64 respondents completed them. These can be processed using the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square. Findings. The result shows that environmental uncertainty and managers' personnel value have a positive effect on environmental disclosure. Furthermore, this result shows that the manager's personnel value is the most dominant influence of environmental disclosure. These research findings add to the literature, especially about environmental disclosure, and support contingency theory and structuration theory. The findings can give information especially environmental disclosure for the manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The policymaker should concern about environmental disclosure for companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The limitation of this research is the low response from the respondents of the research. Another limitation is related to R- Square's results, which still need further research.

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Reichert, Peter. "Towards a comprehensive uncertainty assessment in environmental research and decision support." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 8 (January 29, 2020): 1588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.032.

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Abstract Uncertainty quantification is very important in environmental management to allow decision makers to consider the reliability of predictions of the consequences of decision alternatives and relate them to their risk attitudes and the uncertainty about their preferences. Nevertheless, uncertainty quantification in environmental decision support is often incomplete and the robustness of the results regarding assumptions made for uncertainty quantification is often not investigated. In this article, an attempt is made to demonstrate how uncertainty can be considered more comprehensively in environmental research and decision support by combining well-established with rarely applied statistical techniques. In particular, the following elements of uncertainty quantification are discussed: (i) using stochastic, mechanistic models that consider and propagate uncertainties from their origin to the output; (ii) profiting from the support of modern techniques of data science to increase the diversity of the exploration process, to benchmark mechanistic models, and to find new relationships; (iii) analysing structural alternatives by multi-model and non-parametric approaches; (iv) quantitatively formulating and using societal preferences in decision support; (v) explicitly considering the uncertainty of elicited preferences in addition to the uncertainty of predictions in decision support; and (vi) explicitly considering the ambiguity about prior distributions for predictions and preferences by using imprecise probabilities. In particular, (v) and (vi) have mostly been ignored in the past and a guideline is provided on how these uncertainties can be considered without significantly increasing the computational burden. The methodological approach to (v) and (vi) is based on expected expected utility theory, which extends expected utility theory to the consideration of uncertain preferences, and on imprecise, intersubjective Bayesian probabilities.

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He, Hujun, Le An, Wei Liu, Jian Zhang, Longwei Yang, and Bin Li. "Application of Uncertainty Mathematics Theory in Water Environmental Quality Evaluation." Journal of Residuals Science and Technology 14, S1 (2017): S105—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/issn.1544-8053/14/s1/14.

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Bentley, R. Alexander, and Michael J. O’Brien. "Collective behaviour, uncertainty and environmental change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2055 (November 28, 2015): 20140461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0461.

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A central aspect of cultural evolutionary theory concerns how human groups respond to environmental change. Although we are painting with a broad brush, it is fair to say that prior to the twenty-first century, adaptation often happened gradually over multiple human generations, through a combination of individual and social learning, cumulative cultural evolution and demographic shifts. The result was a generally resilient and sustainable population. In the twenty-first century, however, considerable change happens within small portions of a human generation, on a vastly larger range of geographical and population scales and involving a greater degree of horizontal learning. As a way of gauging the complexity of societal response to environmental change in a globalized future, we discuss several theoretical tools for understanding how human groups adapt to uncertainty. We use our analysis to estimate the limits of predictability of future societal change, in the belief that knowing when to hedge bets is better than relying on a false sense of predictability.

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WANG, Ningkui, and Daijun WEI. "A MODIFIED D NUMBERS METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1216018.

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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is usually evaluated by many factors influenced by various kinds of uncertainty or fuzziness. As a result, the key issues of EIA problem are to represent and deal with the uncertain or fuzzy information. D numbers theory, as the extension of Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence, is a desirable tool that can express uncertainty and fuzziness, both complete and incomplete, quantitative or qualitative. However, some shortcomings do exist in D numbers combination process, the commutative property is not well considered when multiple D numbers are combined. Though some attempts have made to solve this problem, the previous method is not appropriate and convenience as more information about the given evaluations represented by D numbers are needed. In this paper, a data-driven D numbers combination rule is proposed, commutative property is well considered in the proposed method. In the combination process, there does not require any new information except the original D numbers. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

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DEMIRLI, K., M. MOLHIM, and A. BULGAK. "POSSIBILISTIC SONAR DATA MODELING FOR MOBILE ROBOTS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 07, no. 02 (April 1999): 173–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488599000118.

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Sonar sensors are widely used in mobile robots applications such as navigation, map building, and localization. The performance of these sensors is affected by the environmental phenomena, sensor design, and target characteristics. Therefore, the readings obtained from these sensors are uncertain. This uncertainity is often modeled by using Probability Theory. However, the probablistic approach is valid when the available knowledge is precise which is not the case in sonar readings. In this paper, the behavior of sonar readings reflected from walls and corners are studied, then new models of angular uncertainty and radial imprecision for sonar readings obtained from corners and walls are proposed. These models are represented by using Possibility Theory, mainly possibility distributions.

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Cadeaux, Jack, and Adrian Ng. "Environmental uncertainty and forward integration in marketing: theory and meta‐analysis." European Journal of Marketing 46, no. 1/2 (February 10, 2012): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090561211189202.

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Kang, Bingyi, Pengdan Zhang, Zhenyu Gao, Gyan Chhipi-Shrestha, Kasun Hewage, and Rehan Sadiq. "Environmental assessment under uncertainty using Dempster–Shafer theory and Z-numbers." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 11, no. 5 (February 6, 2019): 2041–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01228-y.

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Hatefi, Basiri, and Tamošaitienė. "An Evidential Model for Environmental Risk Assessment in Projects Using Dempster–Shafer Theory of Evidence." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 6329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226329.

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One of the goals of sustainable development is to achieve economic and social growth according to environmental criteria. Nowadays, impact assessment is an efficient decision making method in planning and management with environmental perspectives. Environmental risk assessment is a tool to reduce the impacts and consequences of various activities on the environment in order to achieve sustainable development. One of the commonly used environmental risk assessment methods is the probability–impact matrix method, which is known as a quantitative method for risk assessment of projects. In this method, numerical estimates of probability and impact of risk occurrence are very difficult, and these factors are associated with uncertainty. When uncertainty exists, data integration is of great importance, for which the fuzzy inference system and evidence theory are known as effective methods. Unavailability of experts’ opinion and the exponential growth of the number of required fuzzy rules associated with the risk factors are two drawbacks of fuzzy inference. Dempster–Shafer’s theory of evidence is one of the popular theories used in intelligent systems for modeling and reasoning under uncertainty and inaccuracy. In this paper, an evidential model for project environmental risk assessment is proposed based on the Dempster–Shafer theory, which is capable of taking into account the uncertainties. The proposed model is used to assess the environmental risks of Maroon oil pipelines in Isfahan. In addition, the proposed model is used in the case of tunneling risk assessment taken from the subject literature. To evaluate the validity of the proposed evidential model, the results are compared in two case studies, with the results of the conventional risk assessment method and the fuzzy inference system method. The comparative results show that the proposed model has a high potential for project risk assessment under an uncertain environment.

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Zhou, Ruyi, Lirong Long, and Po Hao. "Positive Affect, Environmental Uncertainty, and Self-Sacrificial Leadership Influence Followers' Self-Sacrificial Behavior." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 9 (October 9, 2016): 1515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.9.1515.

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Drawing on affective events theory, we examined why and when self-sacrificial leadership motivates followers to engage in self-sacrificial behavior. Participants were 371 full-time employees from 91 work teams in multiple organizations located in central China, who completed measures of self-sacrificial leadership, their own self-sacrificial behavior, positive affect, and environmental uncertainty. The hierarchical linear modeling results indicated that self-sacrificial leadership correlated positively with follower self-sacrificial behavior. In addition, the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and follower self-sacrificial behavior was mediated by follower positive affect. Finally, this mediating factor was found to be stronger when the environmental context was highly uncertain compared to when it was steady. The contribution of these results to theory and management practice is discussed, along with the study limitations and directions for future research.

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Dzhambekov, Azamat Matifulaevich. "CONTROLLING CONTINUOUS TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES UNDER UNCERTAINTY." Automation and modeling in design and management 2022, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2658-6436-2022-3-84-93.

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The aim of the study is a scientific description of continuous technological process control under uncertainty. The article is devoted to developing an approach to the control of continuous technological processes under uncertainty. Research methods are the methods of fuzzy set theory, automatic control theory, decision theory in fuzzy conditions, optimization and modelling. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that an approach to controlling continuous technological processes under conditions of uncertainty is proposed, which does not depend on the nature of the considered continuous technological processes. The general statement of the problem of controlling continuous technological processes under uncertainty is given. In general, each of the stages of solving the problem of controlling continuous technological processes under uncertainty is described. The study results are formulating the problem of controlling continuous technological processes under uncertainty, describing the scheme for solving this problem and applying this scheme for a specific continuous technological process to determine optimal controls. Findings: the proposed approach to the control of continuous technological processes under uncertainty can be used for various continuous technological processes

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Wu, Die, and Hafeezullah Memon. "Public Pressure, Environmental Policy Uncertainty, and Enterprises’ Environmental Information Disclosure." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 6948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14126948.

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Under the Chinese strategy of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, Enterprises’ Environmental Information Disclosure (EEID), as one of the important ways for enterprises to achieve low-carbon development, has gained increased attention from the government, media, investors, and other stakeholders. the EEID is not only an important tool for companies to communicate environmental performance to the outside world, but also an effective way for the government to monitor corporate pollution behavior. Its importance is self-evident. However, relevant research shows that 70% of Chinese listed companies had not implemented the EEID in 2020. Also, there are common problems in the disclosure content and the polarization of the disclosure level among the companies that do disclose. These problems weaken the objectivity and practicability of the EEID and have a negative impact on the government’s environmental supervision, the environmental protection demands of the public, and investors’ decision making. This paper takes listed companies in China’s A-share heavily polluting industries as the research sample to solve the optimization problem of the EEID. By adopting a fixed effects model (FEM), this paper empirically studies the impact of three public pressures on the EEID: government environmental regulation, media attention, and institutional investment preference. Based on China’s unique socialist market economic system, this paper innovatively uses environmental policy uncertainty as a moderator variable. This paper examines the limitations of theoretical research on public pressure and environmental information disclosure by studying the impact of local environmental leadership change on the relationship between public pressure and the EEID. The conclusions of this paper reveal the driving mechanism of how stakeholders such as government, media, and institutional investors influence the EEID. At the same time, it expands the application of public pressure theory in environmental information disclosure research by introducing the perspective of environmental policy uncertainty.

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Boyle, Emily, Paul Humphreys, and Ronan McIvor. "Reducing supply chain environmental uncertainty through e-intermediation: An organisation theory perspective." International Journal of Production Economics 114, no. 1 (July 2008): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.01.010.

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Kong, Yusheng, Fahad Javed, Jahanzaib Sultan, Muhammad Shehzad Hanif, and Noheed Khan. "EMA Implementation and Corporate Environmental Firm Performance: A Comparison of Institutional Pressures and Environmental Uncertainty." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 5662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095662.

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Environmental management accounting (EMA) practices guide a firm’s response to perceived environmental uncertainty (EU) and various institutional pressures (IP). Drawing upon institutional theory, this study explores the relative effects of institutional pressures and environmental uncertainty on the implementation of EMA, an environmental strategy (ES), and the resulting environmental performance (EP) of firms under the influence of top-management support (TMS) and perceived benefits (PB). Based on data collected from 243 firms operating in Suzhou, one of the busiest business hubs in China, this research used the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Findings reveal that environmental uncertainty exerts a stronger influence on the adoption of EMA practices than institutional pressures; however, the choice of a firm’s environmental strategy is more influenced by institutional pressures. Likewise, the serial-mediation effect of environmental strategy and EMA practices is observed to be the strongest in the case of coercive pressures, with some notable moderation effect for perceived benefits and top-management support. The study concludes with theoretical and managerial implications.

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Wang, Jiajia, Hao Chen, Jing Ma, and Tong Zhang. "Research on application method of uncertainty quantification technology in equipment test identification." MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133602026.

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This paper introduces the concepts of equipment test qualification and uncertainty quantification, and the analysis framework and process of equipment test uncertainty quantification. It analyzes the data uncertainty, model uncertainty and environmental uncertainty, and studies the corresponding uncertainty quantification theory to provide technical reference for the application of uncertainty quantification technology in the field of test identification.

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Achrol, Ravi S., and Louis W. Stern. "Environmental Determinants of Decision-Making Uncertainty in Marketing Channels." Journal of Marketing Research 25, no. 1 (February 1988): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224378802500104.

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To function, a marketing channel must have a certain amount of consensus and coordinated decision making among its members. Marketing channel theory has emphasized the “internal” mechanisms of achieving integrated actions. However, channels consist of exchanging organizations that are affected not only by their collective interests, but also by forces “external” to the relationship. Internal coordination mechanisms are likely to be less effective to the extent channel members are faced with uncertainties emanating from external sources. The authors examine the external or environmental factors affecting decision-making uncertainty in channels. The findings indicate that four dimensions—diversity among consumers, dynamism, concentration, and capacity—should be included in future research on the effects of environments on intrachannel variables.

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McIntyre, Neil, Howard Wheater, and Matthew Lees. "Estimation and propagation of parametric uncertainty in environmental models." Journal of Hydroinformatics 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2002.0018.

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It is proposed that a numerical environmental model cannot be justified for predictive tasks without an implicit uncertainty analysis which uses reliable and transparent methods. Various methods of uncertainty-based model calibration are reviewed and demonstrated. Monte Carlo simulation of data, Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE), the Metropolis algorithm and a set-based approach are compared using the Streeter–Phelps model of dissolved oxygen in a stream. Using idealised data, the first three of these calibration methods are shown to converge the parameter distributions to the same end result. However, in practice, when the properties of the data and model structural errors are less well defined, GLUE and the set-based approach are proposed as more versatile for the robust estimation of parametric uncertainty. Methods of propagation of parametric uncertainty are also reviewed. Rosenblueth's two-point method, first-order variance propagation, Monte Carlo sampling and set theory are applied to the Streeter–Phelps example. The methods are then shown to be equally successful in application to the example, and their relative merits for more complex modelling problems are discussed.

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Hajdini, Ilir, and Josef Windsperger. "Real options in franchise contracting: an application of transaction cost and real options theory." European Journal of Law and Economics 50, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10657-020-09665-3.

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Abstract Previous research has not explained the use of real option clause in franchise contracting. The real option clause has two economic functions: To reduce transaction costs by mitigating opportunism risk and to increase strategic rents by exploiting the profit potential from future upside opportunities under uncertainty. We argue that franchisors will more likely use a real option clause (ROC) in franchise contracts under high behavioral uncertainty, high franchisors’ transaction-specific investments relative to franchisees’ and long contract duration. In addition, by combining transaction cost theory and real option theory, our study provides a new explanation for the impact of environmental uncertainty on the use of ROC in franchise networks by showing that there exists a U-shaped relationship between environmental uncertainty and the franchisor’s use of ROC. Overall, the data from German and Swiss franchise systems provide support of the research model.

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Deng, Xiao, Xi Guo, Yenchun Jim Wu, and Min Chen. "Perceived Environmental Dynamism Promotes Entrepreneurial Team Member’s Innovation: Explanations Based on the Uncertainty Reduction Theory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042033.

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This study aims to examine the effect of perceived environmental dynamism on entrepreneurial team member’s innovation. Based on the uncertainty reduction theory, this study constructs a multilevel moderated mediation model of the relationship between perceived environmental dynamism and entrepreneurial team member’s innovation. By collecting questionnaires from 117 entrepreneurial team leaders and 479 team members in China, this research found that perceived environmental dynamism could stimulate entrepreneurial team members’ innovation via triggering their information exchange behavior. In addition, entrepreneurial team members’ intolerance for uncertainty and team cooperative climate can moderate the indirect positive relationship between perceived environmental dynamism and individual innovation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of entrepreneurial team members’ responses to dynamic environment and their innovation behavior.

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Zhang, Hongyang, Tongtong Wang, Zelin Ding, Xianqi Zhang, and Liwei Han. "Uncertainty analysis of impact factors of eco-environmental vulnerability based on cloud theory." Ecological Indicators 110 (March 2020): 105864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105864.

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Gilboa, I., W. A. Postlewaite, and D. Schmeidler. "Probability and Uncertainty in Economic Modeling." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2009): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2009-10-46-61.

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The article considers the paradigm of subjective probability and expected utility theory with respect to their applications in the theory of decision-making. Advantages and shortcomings of Savage’s axiomatic in the subjective probability theory are analyzed, the models of beliefs formation are considered. The authors propose a new approach to the analysis of decision-making — a multiple priors model, where an agent attributes to each event not a single probability, but a range of probabilities.

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Benetto, Enrico, Christiane Dujet, and Patrick Rousseaux. "Possibility Theory: A New Approach to Uncertainty Analysis? (3 pp)." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 11, no. 2 (June 2, 2005): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2005.06.212.

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Soofi, E. S., P. C. Nystrom, and M. Yasai-Ardekani. "Executives’ perceived environmental uncertainty shortly after 9/11." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 53, no. 9 (July 2009): 3502–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2009.02.012.

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Franke, Henrik, Finn Wynstra, Fabian Nullmeier, and Chloe Nullmeier. "Project managers' reactions to project disruption: sponsor actions versus environmental uncertainty." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, no. 13 (August 29, 2022): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-02-2022-0103.

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PurposeManaging projects is an important part of operations management, but many projects fail. This study focuses on attribution processes of such disruption from the underrepresented perspective of the project manager. The authors consider two types of causes: the more frequently researched environmental uncertainty (i.e. uncontrollable events) and the scarcely researched uncertainty imposed by non-collaborative project sponsors (i.e. other-controllable events).Design/methodology/approachThe authors test conceptual arguments grounded in attribution theory and the notion of psychological contracts in a scenario-based experiment among 325 practicing project managers.FindingsThe findings indicate that non-collaborative project sponsors negatively affect project managers' motivation, whereas uncontrollable disruptions leave hope to achieve positive future outcomes. This latter effect is further strengthened when project managers have an internal attribution style. They tend to blame the disruption on themselves and generally feel in control of achieving success even if they are not.Originality/valueThese socio-psychological insights nuance the economic idea that uncertainty reduces motivation per se in the context of project disruption appraisal. The authors contribute to the behavioral project management literature and general attribution theory and help guide the allocation of resources during the recovery of failed projects.

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Carini, Gary R., and Patricia M. Norman. "Posturing your firm for the future: considering environmental uncertainty and managerial sentiment." Strategic Direction 33, no. 11 (November 13, 2017): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-09-2017-0141.

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Purpose All leaders must position their firms for future success. However, not all firms should search for information and craft their strategies in the same way. This paper aims to provide a framework, which suggests that firms should adopt different postures depending on extent of environmental uncertainty and whether leaders are optimistic or pessimistic about their firms’ abilities and futures. Design/methodology/approach This framework was designed by two strategy professors based on both strategy theory and their experience working with and observing firms over many years. Findings The framework’s four postures – versatile (high uncertainty, positive sentiment), inquisitive (high uncertainty, negative sentiment), focused (low uncertainty, positive sentiment), and vigilant (low uncertainty, negative sentiment) – call for different behavior as firms seek to understand environmental trends and take strategic actions. The dangers of each posture are briefly discussed. Originality/value This paper provides a simple framework to help executives better understand how their firms should search for and implement strategic actions for future success.

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Yan, Guangzhou, Yaodong Ni, and Xiangfeng Yang. "Optimal Pricing in Recycling and Remanufacturing in Uncertain Environments." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 3199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083199.

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With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, firms pay much more attention to the recycling and remanufacturing of used products. This paper addresses the problem of the optimal pricing in recycling and remanufacturing in uncertain environments. We consider two strategies of remanufacturing products, by which a recycled product can be repaired and sold as a second-hand product or dissembled into materials for production of new products according to its quality. As the market demand for products and the quantities of recycled products, such as fashion products and mobile phones, usually lack historical data, this paper adopts uncertainty theory to depict uncertainty in establishing the pricing model. An uncertain programming model and a series of crisp equivalent models are proposed under the assumptions of particular uncertainty distribution. Finally, numerical experiments are performed to show how various parameters influence the results of the proposed model.

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Triyonowati, Triyonowati, Rizki Amalia Elfita, Nur Laily, and Suwitho Suwitho. "The Nexus Between Relationship of Environmental Uncertainty and Capital Structure: Corporate Governance as Moderator." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (September 5, 2022): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.127.

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Changes in the external environment create uncertainty for the company. This study aims to find empirical evidence of the effect of environmental uncertainty on the capital structure of companies moderated by corporate governance. The research was conducted on manufacturing companies in Indonesia during 2014-2018. Data were analyzed using moderated regression analysis. The findings show that the effect of environmental uncertainty on the company’s capital structure and the moderating ability of corporate governance strengthens the effect of environmental uncertainty on the company’s capital structure. The contribution of this finding is useful for company owners, where when environmental uncertainty is higher and corporate governance is getting better, it actually makes managers try to allocate greater debt into their capital structure. It is better if the owner does not easily believe in the results of performing of his managers and remains under periodic control. Another contribution of this finding is also reminiscent of the concept of pecking order theory, which has been underestimated.

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Lavarda, Rosalia Aldraci Barbosa, and Felipe Kopp Leite. "Open strategizing and organizational resilience considering the environmental uncertainty." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): e21447. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/riae.v21i2.21447.

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Objective: Amidst troubled times, strategy as an emergent practice has been seen as a possibility to deal with uncertainty from openness, converging to the theory of organizational resilience. Thus, this theoretical essay is guided from the research question: "How does the phenomenon of open strategizing relate to organizational resilience, in situations of environmental uncertainty?"Methodology/Approach: The development of this study followed two steps that enabled the search for the (theoretical) answer to the defined (research) question: (I) selection of studies on the proposed topic from international databases; and (II) elaboration of the constructs (definitions) regarding open strategizing, organizational resilience and environmental uncertainty.Originality/Relevance: Our intention was to theoretically discuss the relationship between open strategizing and organizational resilience, considering environmental uncertainty, approaching the concepts from the literature with studies that have used the theoretical essay as a way to provide knowledge advancement through discussion and reflection on developing themes.Main results: Relating open strategizing to organizational resilience, we understand that (I) organizations with reactive preparation overcome uncertainty through inclusion and flexibility; (II) high-risk or process-based organizations do not converge to the phenomenon of open strategizing; (III) resilience-focused organizations overcome uncertainty through past learning, information transparency, and the inclusion of stakeholders in strategy formation.Theoretical and methodological contributions: We reflect on the relationship between open strategizing and organizational resilience in the face of environmental uncertainty, enabling the advancement of studies from the strategizing perspective.

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Yaman, Anil, Nicolas Bredeche, Onur Çaylak, Joel Z. Leibo, and Sang Wan Lee. "Meta-control of social learning strategies." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): e1009882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009882.

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Social learning, copying other’s behavior without actual experience, offers a cost-effective means of knowledge acquisition. However, it raises the fundamental question of which individuals have reliable information: successful individuals versus the majority. The former and the latter are known respectively as success-based and conformist social learning strategies. We show here that while the success-based strategy fully exploits the benign environment of low uncertainly, it fails in uncertain environments. On the other hand, the conformist strategy can effectively mitigate this adverse effect. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that meta-control of individual and social learning strategies provides effective and sample-efficient learning in volatile and uncertain environments. Simulations on a set of environments with various levels of volatility and uncertainty confirmed our hypothesis. The results imply that meta-control of social learning affords agents the leverage to resolve environmental uncertainty with minimal exploration cost, by exploiting others’ learning as an external knowledge base.

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Guo, Jianquan, Guanlan Wang, and Mitsuo Gen. "Green closed-loop supply chain optimization strategy considering CER and incentive-compatibility theory under uncertainty." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 9 (2022): 9520–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022443.

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<abstract> Under the uncertain market demand and quality level, a total profit model of green closed-loop supply chain system (GCL-SCS) considering corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and government differential weight subsidy (GDWS) is constructed. Based on incentive-compatibility theory, the optimal subsidy allocation policy and green investment level were explored. Fuzzy chance-constrained programming (FCCP) is used to clarify the uncertainty factors of this model; while genetic algorithm (GA) and CPLEX are used to find and compare a calculating example's approximate optimal solution about this model. The main calculating results indicate that: (1) Enterprises can make optimal recycling, production and sales strategies according to different potential demand; (2) Without government subsidy, enterprises' higher green investment level will reduce their average gross profit, increase the quality level of recycled products and decrease the recycling rate, hence reduce their environmental protection willingness; (3) Based on incentive-compatibility theory, when government subsidy weight is set as 0.34~0.41 for consumers, enterprises' higher green investment level will enhance their average gross profit, reduce the quality level of recycled products and increase the recycling rate, which will improve their environmental protection willingness; (4) Under uncertain environment, the combination of reasonable government subsidy policy and enterprises green investment can make up for the defect of enterprises green investment alone, maximize utilities of government and enterprises, and optimize the green closed loop supply chain. </abstract>

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Souder, William E., J. Daniel Sherman, and Rachel Davies-Cooper. "Environmental Uncertainty, Organizational Integration, and New Product Development Effectiveness: A Test of Contingency Theory." Journal of Product Innovation Management 15, no. 6 (November 1998): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1560520.

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Yang, Yang, Zhongqiu Li, and Yingying Su. "The Effectiveness of Service Innovation Practices to Reduce Energy Consumption Based on Adaptive Theory." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2018): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093317.

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Research on service innovation appears in several research disciplines, with important contributions in marketing, management, and operations research. The purpose of manufacturing enterprise service is to reduce energy consumption. We offer a new account based on an adaptive theory perspective. This paper investigates the relationship among three types of service innovation practices and service innovation performance in manufacturing enterprise. The study further examines environmental uncertainty as a moderator between service innovation practices and service innovation performance. Data collected from 59 manufacturing enterprises in China, and is analyzed and used to validate the article’s theoretical and empirical contributions. The findings reveal that three types of service innovation practices have positive effects on service innovation performance. In addition, the results show that the effect of guide-based service innovation practices on service innovation performance is weakened in manufacturing enterprise when there are higher levels of environmental uncertainty. The effect of project-based service innovation practices on service innovation performance is weakened in manufacturing enterprise when there are higher levels of environmental uncertainty. Based on the results, this study provides implications for service innovation and support roles in fostering and sustaining innovation, which generate sustainable competitive advantage.

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Moin, Chowdhury Jony, Mohammad Iqbal, A. B. M. Abdul Malek, Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan, and Rezwanul Haque. "Prioritization of Environmental Uncertainty and Manufacturing Flexibility for Labor-Intensive Industry: A Case Study on Ready-Made Garment Industries in Bangladesh." Systems 10, no. 3 (May 21, 2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10030067.

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Manufacturing flexibility is a widely accepted manufacturing strategy for mitigating the negative impacts of environmental uncertainty on firm performance and is also a required strategic attribute to acclimatize mass customization and agile manufacturing. Manufacturing flexibility has been adequately studied for technology-intensive industries but remains inadequately addressed for labor-intensive industries. In this study, a framework is proposed for sorting the relevant manufacturing flexibility types for the relevant environmental uncertainty types as an initial step towards implementing manufacturing flexibility in labor-intensive industries. This study considered the RMG (ready-made garment) industries in Bangladesh, which are mostly labor-intensive, as a case. Different types of manufacturing flexibility and environmental uncertainty were identified through a deductive approach from the existing literature and theory. Then, final sorting was conducted through a focus group discussion using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) techniques. This study revealed that demand, competitor, supplier, and technology uncertainty were ranked sequentially from first to fourth. This study also revealed that demand and competitor uncertainty would be the first-line focus, and supplier uncertainty the second-line focus, of decision makers. Similarly, new product, volume, workforce, and modification flexibility were ranked sequentially from first to fourth, and these would be considered first-line focuses by decision makers. This study also showed that all types of environmental uncertainties had an internal effect (one type affects another type within the types of environmental uncertainty). Internal effects among the different types of manufacturing flexibility were also identified. This study contributes to the theory of manufacturing flexibility for labor-intensive industries and will help decision makers gradually implement manufacturing flexibility based on their capacity and goal.

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Hoang, Dung Phuong, and Thong Huy Vu. "A transaction cost explanation of the card-or-cash decision among Vietnamese debit card holders." International Journal of Bank Marketing 38, no. 7 (March 6, 2020): 1635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-05-2019-0191.

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PurposeThis research provides a new perspective in explaining cardholders' willingness to use debit cards instead of cash by applying the transaction costs economic theory. This study also expands the adaptation of transaction cost economics theory in explaining consumer behaviour by investigating the moderating effects of income and education level on the relationship between perceived transaction costs and willingness to use debit cards.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework was developed primarily from the transaction cost economics theory. An in-depth interview method was employed to further support hypothesis development and the development of measurement scales. A structural equation model linking asset specificity, behavioural uncertainty, environmental uncertainty, frequency of payment, perceived monitoring costs, perceived adaptation costs and willingness to use debit cards was tested using data from a sample of 384 Vietnamese debit card holders.FindingsThis study's results support the transaction cost economics theory that asset specificity, uncertainty and frequency of payment all positively contribute to the perceived transaction costs associated with debit card usage. However, only environmental uncertainty and perceived adaptation costs have significant negative impact on willingness to use debit cards, with the relationship between environmental uncertainty and willingness to use debit cards being totally mediated by perceived adaptation costs. Moreover, the relationship between perceived adaptation costs and willingness to use debit cards becomes less negative among richer and better-educated cardholders.Practical implicationsThe research provides insights into the hidden obstacles for developing cashless economies, thereby supporting policy makers in designing more effective and comprehensive strategies to make debit cards more widely used as a true substitute for cash.Originality/valueThis study provides a new lens in explaining customer willingness to use debit cards, while expanding the transaction costs economics theory by incorporating demographic factors as moderators in the relationship between transaction costs and the card-or-cash choice.

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Graham, Jeffrey K., Myron L. Smith, and Andrew M. Simons. "Experimental evolution of bet hedging under manipulated environmental uncertainty in Neurospora crassa." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1787 (July 22, 2014): 20140706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0706.

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All organisms are faced with environmental uncertainty. Bet-hedging theory expects unpredictable selection to result in the evolution of traits that maximize the geometric-mean fitness even though such traits appear to be detrimental over the shorter term. Despite the centrality of fitness measures to evolutionary analysis, no direct test of the geometric-mean fitness principle exists. Here, we directly distinguish between predictions of competing fitness maximization principles by testing Cohen's 1966 classic bet-hedging model using the fungus Neurospora crassa . The simple prediction is that propagule dormancy will evolve in proportion to the frequency of ‘bad’ years, whereas the prediction of the alternative arithmetic-mean principle is the evolution of zero dormancy as long as the expectation of a bad year is less than 0.5. Ascospore dormancy fraction in N. crassa was allowed to evolve under five experimental selection regimes that differed in the frequency of unpredictable ‘bad years’. Results were consistent with bet-hedging theory: final dormancy fraction in 12 genetic lineages across 88 independently evolving samples was proportional to the frequency of bad years, and evolved both upwards and downwards as predicted from a range of starting dormancy fractions. These findings suggest that selection results in adaptation to variable rather than to expected environments.

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Wang, Ningkui, Fuyu Liu, and Daijun Wei. "A Modified Combination Rule for D Numbers Theory." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3596517.

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D numbers theory is an appropriate method to deal with the information of uncertainty and incompleteness when making a reasonable decision. Previous D numbers theory provides a rule to combine multiple D numbers. However, the commutative law is not satisfied in the rule of combining multiple D numbers. In this paper, a modified method for multiple D numbers combination is proposed. The proposed method defines a new function for multiple D numbers combination which is mainly determined by the original value of D numbers. Then the proposed combination rule is applied to environmental impact assessment (EIA); our results show that the proposed method is efficient for multiple D numbers combination and it is useful when dealing with uncertainty and incompleteness.

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Littlejohn, Krystale E., and Katrina Kimport. "Contesting and Differentially Constructing Uncertainty: Negotiations of Contraceptive Use in the Clinical Encounter." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 58, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146517736822.

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Most women of reproductive age have access to highly effective contraception, and all available methods are associated with side effects. Whether a woman will experience side effects is uncertain, however, which can pose challenges for clinicians who discuss the methods with patients. In this study, we analyze 102 contraceptive counseling visits to understand how clinicians discursively construct knowledge in the context of uncertainty. We find that while some present the uncertainty of side effects in a straightforward, patient-accessible way, others negotiate their predictions by (1) differentially constructing uncertainty, suggesting that positive side effects are likely and negative side effects are unlikely, and (2) contesting uncertainty, presenting the risk of serious side effects as controllable. In the end, these strategies deemphasize consideration of negative side effects in women’s contraceptive decision making. Our results demonstrate the importance of elucidating the translation, instantiation, and construction of medical uncertainty both in theory and in practice.

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Farham-Nia, Saied, and Alireza Ghaffari-Hadigheh. "Optimal pricing strategy in uncertain dual distribution channel with retail services." Journal of Modelling in Management 16, no. 3 (February 8, 2021): 799–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-01-2019-0020.

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Purpose The aim of this paper is to study the optimal pricing decision in a supply chain with a dual distribution channel in a centralized and decentralized decision-making systems and investigate the economic impact of retail services on pricing behaviors with respect to the power structures. Design/methodology/approach To reach the equilibrium behavior of decision-makers, two-stage optimization, the Stackelberg game and the Bertrand–Nash game have been used. Also, to explore the effect of environmental uncertainty on the behavior of decision-maker, demand functions are characterized as an uncertain price dependent, service dependent and channel dependent. Decision parameters are based on experts’ belief degree, in the sense of uncertainty theory initiated by Liu (2007). Findings Obtained results reveal that the retail services have a strategic role in the centralized supply chain and the decentralized supply chain with dominant manufacturer, while both the supply chain and the consumer suffer from higher environmental indeterminacy. Research limitations/implications This study is based on possible scenarios of dual distribution system only. Further research is recommended to investigate the applicability of the authors framework in different distribution systems. Practical implications The study findings are believed to be valuable for supply chains and organizations about to make a strategic decision on price of their good/service. Originality/value The paper contributes to the scarce literature on Uncertainty Theory initiated by Liu (2007), and combination of it with Game Theory for pricing in distribution system of supply chains. The study also contributes by investigating impact of non-price competitive factor (level of service) on pricing strategy.

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Shrestha, Rajesh R., and Slobodan P. Simonovic. "Fuzzy set theory based methodology for the analysis of measurement uncertainties in river discharge and stage." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 3 (March 2010): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-151.

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The discharge and stage measurements in a river system are characterized by a number of sources of uncertainty, which affects the accuracy of a rating curve established from measurements. This paper presents a fuzzy set theory based methodology for consideration of different sources of uncertainty in the stage and discharge measurements and their aggregation into a combined uncertainty. The uncertainty in individual measurements of stage and discharge is represented using triangular fuzzy numbers, and their spread is determined according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 748 guidelines. The extension principle based fuzzy arithmetic is used for the aggregation of various uncertainties into overall stage–discharge measurement uncertainty. In addition, a fuzzified form of ISO 748 formulation is used for the calculation of combined uncertainty and comparison with the fuzzy aggregation method. The methodology developed in this paper is illustrated with a case study of the Thompson River near Spences Bridge in British Columbia, Canada. The results of the case study show that the selection of number of velocity measurement points on a vertical is the largest source of uncertainty in discharge measurement. An increase in the number of velocity measurement points provides the most effective reduction in the overall uncertainty. The next most important source of uncertainty for the case study location is the number of verticals used for velocity measurements. The study also shows that fuzzy set theory provides a suitable methodology for the uncertainty analysis of stage–discharge measurements.

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Zhang, Dingzu, and Luqi Liu. "Does ESG Performance Enhance Financial Flexibility? Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 11324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811324.

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Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance may be one of the strategies firms adopt to enhance their financial flexibility in response to an increasingly uncertain environment and difficult sustainability conditions. We use A-share listed firms in China from 2015 to 2020 as samples to test the influencing mechanism of ESG performance on financial flexibility. The empirical results indicate that ESG performance significantly enhances financial flexibility. The mechanism results show that financing constraints mediate ESG performance and firms’ financial flexibility. The additional analysis suggests that environmental uncertainty and market attention have significant positive moderating effects. That is, the promotion effect of firms in high uncertainty environments is more apparent, and the same is true in high market attention. This study supports instrumental stakeholder theory, signaling, and social impact hypothesis. It has enlightenment significance for firms, investors, and creditors to evaluate ESG performance and government departments to formulate relevant policies.

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Яковлев, С. Ю., А. В. Маслобоев, and А. С. Шемякин. "Uncertainty in control problem-solving of regional industrial and environmental safety." Informacionno-technologicheskij vestnik, no. 3(25) (September 17, 2020): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21499/2409-1650-2020-25-3-142-158.

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Неполнота, неточность информации являются неотъемлемыми атрибутами задач управления риском, но эти свойства недостаточно исследованы в теории и реализованы на практике. В работе проведен системный анализ базовых подходов к учету неопределенности в сфере управления безопасностью и смежных областях, выявлены их общие закономерности и ключевые особенности. На основе результатов анализа создана концептуальная модель измерения параметрической неопределенности, отличающаяся свойствами унифицированности и конструктивности. Предложены классификация неопределенностей, ориентированная на задачи управления региональной промышленно-экологической безопасностью, и алгоритм учета неопределенности, реализующий поддержку принятия решений по управлению рисками в этих задачах. Разработана информационная структура типового планирующего документа учета неопределенности, обеспечивающего комплексную оценку неопределенности в системе управления рисками чрезвычайных ситуаций для уровня потенциально опасных объектов региона. Information incompleteness and inaccuracy are immanent attributes of risk management problems, but these features are not sufficiently studied in theory and implemented in practice. The work deals with system analysis of the main approaches to uncertainty accounting in the safety management and related fields. General properties and essential features of various methods are revealed. On the basis of analysis results an original conceptual model for parametric uncertainty measuring, which is characterized by the properties of uniformity and constructivity, has been designed. Uncertainty classification focused on control problem-solving of regional industrial and environmental safety and uncertainty accounting algorithm, which supports decision-making in risk management under that problems, are proposed. An information structure of the typical planning document for uncertainty accounting, which provides a complex uncertainty assessment in the risk management system of emergency situations at the level of potentially hazardous objects of the region, has been developed.

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Medvecky, Fabien. "Valuing environmental costs and benefits in an uncertain future: risk aversion and discounting." Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v5i1.91.

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A central point of debate over environmental policies concerns how future costs and benefits should be assessed. The most commonly used method for assessing the value of future costs and benefits is economic discounting. One often-cited justification for discounting is uncertainty. More specifically, it is risk aversion coupled with the expectation that future prospects are more risky. In this paper I argue that there are at least two reasons for disputing the use of risk aversion as a justification for discounting when dealing with long- term decisions, one technical and one ethical. Firstly, I argue that technically, it implies an inconsistency between theory and practice. And secondly, I argue that discounting for uncertainty relies on a form of individualism which, while reasonable in standard microeconomic theory where an agent chooses how to spread her own consumption over her own lifetime, is inappropriate in the context of inter-generational social decisions.

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Wang, Kai, Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini, Jiaan Xue, and Cizhi Wang. "Environment uncertainty and a firm’s strategic change the moderating role of political connection and family ownership." Journal of Family Business Management 10, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-06-2019-0041.

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Purpose Strategic change is integral to the survival and development of firms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of environmental uncertainty on a firm’s strategic change and further demonstrates the moderating role of political connection and family ownership on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and a firm’s strategic change. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the population sample of Chinese firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2014 and quantitatively tests hypotheses through correlation analysis, regression analysis and other methods. Findings Environmental uncertainty has a positive effect on the degree of strategic changes made. Political connection and family ownership negatively moderate the impact of the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty (environmental dynamism and environmental munificence) on strategic changes. Originality/value Conclusions enrich the research of other studies on firms’ strategic changes. From an open systems perspective, this paper reveals the influences of external environmental factors on firms’ strategic changes. In addition to this, in analyzing the ways in which environmental uncertainty affects a firm’s strategic change, the research expands the application scope of information processing theory and resource-based view. This paper also provides significant practical observations on firms’ strategic decision making in this area.

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Lysonski, Steven. "A Boundary Theory Investigation of the Product Manager's Role." Journal of Marketing 49, no. 1 (January 1985): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900103.

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Boundary spanning theory and role theory are used to examine the product manager's role in consumer industries. A research model depicting associations between environmental uncertainty, boundary spanning, role conflict and ambiguity, job satisfaction, tension and performance, and moderating variables is developed and tested with bivariate correlations, path analysis, and ANOVA. Implications of the results are given.

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Tayyab, Muhammad, Biswajit Sarkar, and Misbah Ullah. "Sustainable Lot Size in a Multistage Lean-Green Manufacturing Process under Uncertainty." Mathematics 7, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7010020.

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Optimal lot sizing is the primary tool applied by lean practitioners to reduce inconsistency in the manufacturing system to cut down inventories, which are often considered as a type of waste in the lean culture. Managers attempt to consider environmental impacts of the manufacturing system and find ways to reduce these effects while making efforts to achieve environmental protection. From a sustainability standpoint, carbon emissions are the major source of environmental contamination and degradation. In this context, this research provides an economic production quantity model with uncertain demand and process information in a multistage manufacturing process. This imperfect manufacturing process produces defective products at an uncertain rate, and is reworked to convert them into perfect quality products and reduce wastages. To control this uncertainty in the manufacturing process, the decomposition principle and the signed distance method of fuzzy theory are applied. The manufacturing process is analyzed with regard to environmental concerns, and a sustainable lot size is obtained through an interactive Weighted Fuzzy Goal Programming (WFGP) approach for the simultaneous achievement of economic and environmental sustainability. An experimental study is performed to verify the practical implication of the model, and results are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. Important managerial insights and graphical illustrations are provided to elaborate the model.

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Widyaningdyah, Agnes Utari. "LEVERS OF CONTROL DAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING: APAKAH PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN SEBUAH SISTEM?" Media Riset Akuntansi, Auditing & Informasi 20, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mraai.v20i2.7385.

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This study investigates the effect of Levers of Control (LoC) on competitive advantage with business environmental uncertainty as an antecedent variable. LoC as a form of company capability in facing environmental uncertainty is a source of company competitive advantage. Based on the resource-based theory, this research was conducted against the background of the decline in competitiveness of manufacturing companies in Indonesia during 2013-2018. The model of using LoC as a system outperforms the model of using LoC as a package to overcome business environmental uncertainty and to improve the companies’ competitive advantage. As a system, the LoC has interplay between the levers so that it can be of full use in realizing a competitive advantage.Levers of Control (LoC); Competitive Advantage; Business Environmental Uncertainty; Resource-based View

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Prasad, Bhaskar, and Paulina Junni. "Understanding top management team conflict, environmental uncertainty and firm innovativeness." International Journal of Conflict Management 28, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-02-2016-0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of top management team (TMT) processes on firm innovativeness. Firm innovativeness is critical for organizational survival. Yet, the authors’ understanding about the key determinants of firm innovativeness is limited, particularly concerning the role of TMT dynamics. Drawing on upper echelon’s theory, the authors develop and test hypotheses concerning the influence of two TMT processes, namely affective conflict and cognitive conflict, on firm innovativeness. They also explore the boundary conditions of TMT dynamics by examining the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between TMT conflict (affective and cognitive conflict) and firm innovativeness. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected survey-based data from TMT members in 171 information technology organizations based in India. They used multiple regression analyses to test the study hypotheses. Findings The empirical findings indicate that TMT affective conflict is negatively associated with firm innovativeness, whereas TMT cognitive conflict has a negative curvilinear relationship with it. Both relationships are stronger in firms operating in environments characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. Originality/value This study highlights the role of TMT conflict in the pursuit of firm innovativeness. Significantly, the study shows that both TMT affective conflict and cognitive conflict can affect firm innovativeness. However, their effectiveness is contingent on environmental uncertainty. This contributes to the firm innovation literature by clarifying how specific types of TMT conflict influence firm innovativeness in different environmental conditions.

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Vander Wal, E., D. Garant, M. Festa-Bianchet, and F. Pelletier. "Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and uncertainty." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1610 (January 19, 2013): 20120090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0090.

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The current rapid rate of human-driven environmental change presents wild populations with novel conditions and stresses. Theory and experimental evidence for evolutionary rescue present a promising case for species facing environmental change persisting via adaptation. Here, we assess the potential for evolutionary rescue in wild vertebrates. Available information on evolutionary rescue was rare and restricted to abundant and highly fecund species that faced severe intentional anthropogenic selective pressures. However, examples from adaptive tracking in common species and genetic rescues in species of conservation concern provide convincing evidence in favour of the mechanisms of evolutionary rescue. We conclude that low population size, long generation times and limited genetic variability will result in evolutionary rescue occurring rarely for endangered species without intervention. Owing to the risks presented by current environmental change and the possibility of evolutionary rescue in nature, we suggest means to study evolutionary rescue by mapping genotype → phenotype → demography → fitness relationships, and priorities for applying evolutionary rescue to wild populations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental uncertainty theory'

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