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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental sensitisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Tiew, Pei Yee, Fanny Wai San Ko, Sze Lei Pang, Sri Anusha Matta, Yang Yie Sio, Mau Ern Poh, Kenny J. X. Lau, et al. "Environmental fungal sensitisation associates with poorer clinical outcomes in COPD." European Respiratory Journal 56, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 2000418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00418-2020.

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IntroductionAllergic sensitisation to fungi such as Aspergillus are associated to poor clinical outcomes in asthma, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis; however, clinical relevance in COPD remains unclear.MethodsPatients with stable COPD (n=446) and nondiseased controls (n=51) were prospectively recruited across three countries (Singapore, Malaysia and Hong Kong) and screened against a comprehensive allergen panel including house dust mites, pollens, cockroach and fungi. For the first time, using a metagenomics approach, we assessed outdoor and indoor environmental allergen exposure in COPD. We identified key fungi in outdoor air and developed specific-IgE assays against the top culturable fungi, linking sensitisation responses to COPD outcomes. Indoor air and surface allergens were prospectively evaluated by metagenomics in the homes of 11 COPD patients and linked to clinical outcome.ResultsHigh frequencies of sensitisation to a broad range of allergens occur in COPD. Fungal sensitisation associates with frequent exacerbations, and unsupervised clustering reveals a “highly sensitised fungal predominant” subgroup demonstrating significant symptomatology, frequent exacerbations and poor lung function. Outdoor and indoor environments serve as important reservoirs of fungal allergen exposure in COPD and promote a sensitisation response to outdoor air fungi. Indoor (home) environments with high fungal allergens associate with greater COPD symptoms and poorer lung function, illustrating the importance of environmental exposures on clinical outcomes in COPD.ConclusionFungal sensitisation is prevalent in COPD and associates with frequent exacerbations representing a potential treatable trait. Outdoor and indoor (home) environments represent a key source of fungal allergen exposure, amenable to intervention, in “sensitised” COPD.

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Elholm, Grethe, Vivi Schlünssen, Gert Doekes, Ioannis Basinas, Anneli Clea Skjelmose Bolund, Charlotte Hjort, Pernille Milvang Grønager, Øyvind Omland, and Torben Sigsgaard. "High exposure to endotoxin in farming is associated with less new-onset pollen sensitisation." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104384.

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ObjectivesLittle is known about risk factors for new onset and loss of atopic sensitisation in adulthood. The aim is to examine the longitudinal effect of quantitatively assessed endotoxin exposures on changes in specific allergen sensitisation in young adults.MethodsThe cohort consisted of 1113 young Danish farmers and rural controls, with a mean age of 19 years at baseline. Sensitisation to birch pollen, grass pollen, cat dander and house dust mite was measured by specific IgE levels in serum samples from baseline and at 15 years’ follow-up. Changes in sensitisation were analysed in relation to cumulative endotoxin exposure during follow-up, considering early life farm exposure.ResultsEndotoxin exposure during follow-up was significantly associated with less new onset of specifically grass and birch pollen sensitisation. For the highest versus lowest quartile of cumulative endotoxin exposure, the OR for new-onset IgE sensitisation was 0.35 (0.13–0.91) for birch and 0.14 (0.05–0.50) for grass. On the other hand, loss of pollen sensitisation showed a positive, although mostly non-significant, association with increased levels of endotoxin exposure. Endotoxin exposure was not associated with significant changes in cat dander and house dust mite sensitisation.ConclusionsHigh exposure to endotoxin during young adulthood appears to protect against new onset of pollen sensitisation, independent of childhood farm exposure.

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Post, Robert M., David R. Rubinow, and James C. Ballenger. "Conditioning and Sensitisation in the Longitudinal Course of Affective Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 2 (August 1986): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.2.191.

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Few biological theories of manic-depressive illness have focused on the longitudinal course of affective dysfunction and the mechanisms underlying its often recurrent and progressive course. The authors discuss two models for the development of progressive behavioural dysfunction—behavioural sensitisation and electrophysiological kindling—as they provide clues to important clinical and biological variables relevant to sensitisation in affective illness. The role of environmental context and conditioning in mediating behavioural and biochemical aspects of this sensitisation is emphasised. The sensitisation models provide a conceptual approach to previously inexplicable clinical phenomena in the longitudinal course of affective illness and may provide a bridge between psychoanalytic/psychosocial and neurobiological formulations of manic-depressive illness.

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Galand, E., J. Niézette, and J. Vanderschueren. "Lyoluminescence Sensitisation." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 47, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1993): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/47.1-4.603.

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Galand, E., J. Niézette, and J. Vanderschueren. "Lyoluminescence Sensitisation." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 47, no. 1-4 (May 1, 1993): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081817.

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6

Green, John. "Chemically Induced Lung Sensitisation." Indoor and Built Environment 3, no. 3 (1994): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463547.

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7

Lannero, E., M. Wickman, M. van Hage, A. Bergstrom, G. Pershagen, and L. Nordvall. "Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and sensitisation in children." Thorax 63, no. 2 (September 17, 2007): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2007.079053.

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8

Jeong, Y., T. Yun, H. Kim, Y. Koo, JH Kang, MP Yang, and BT Kang. "Induction of atopic dermatitis by epicutaneous sensitisation with Dermatophagoides farinae in nongenetically predisposed Beagle dogs." Veterinární Medicína 66, No. 10 (September 8, 2021): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2020-vetmed.

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This study was performed to induce atopic dermatitis (AD) using nongenetically predisposed Beagle dogs. Five healthy Beagle dogs were used. Twice weekly for 12 weeks, the dogs were painted on the axillae and groin with a solution of Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae). Each dog was thereafter placed in a cage where a house dust mite (HDM) solution was applied on the bottom of the cage. The dog remained in the cage for 3 h daily for 3 consecutive days for the environmental exposure to HDM. Serum samples were collected at 0 week and 6 weeks after sensitisation, and at 0 h and 72 h after the environmental exposure. During the environmental exposure, skin biopsies were obtained at 0 h, 36 h, and 72 hours. After the first environmental exposure, no dog had any marked clinical sign. An additional sensitisation was subsequently administered for 10–13 weeks. Three of the five dogs developed pruritic dermatitis with skin lesions after the second exposure. The histopathology of the lesions revealed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and dermal oedema. The levels of D. farinae-specific IgE were also elevated. This study demonstrated that AD could be induced by epicutaneous sensitisation with HDM in nongenetically predisposed dogs.

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9

Yokota, K., Y. Johyama, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Fujiki, T. Takeshita, and K. Morimoto. "Risk factors for sensitisation to methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.9.667.

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10

Parikh, Rachana, Adriaan Hoogendoorn, Daniel Michelson, Jeroen Ruwaard, Rhea Sharma, Bhargav Bhat, Kanika Malik, Rooplata Sahu, Pim Cuijpers, and Vikram Patel. "Increasing demand for school counselling through a lay counsellor-delivered classroom sensitisation intervention: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial in New Delhi, India." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 6 (June 2021): e003902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003902.

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IntroductionWe evaluated a classroom-based sensitisation intervention that was designed to reduce demand-side barriers affecting referrals to a school counselling programme. The sensitisation intervention was offered in the context of a host trial evaluating a low-intensity problem-solving treatment for common adolescent mental health problems.MethodsWe conducted a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial with 70 classes in 6 secondary schools serving low-income communities in New Delhi, India.The classes were randomised to receive a classroom sensitisation session involving a brief video presentation and moderated group discussion, delivered by a lay counsellor over one class period (intervention condition, IC), in two steps of 4 weeks each. The control condition (CC) was whole-school sensitisation (teacher-meetings and whole-school activities such as poster displays). The primary outcome was the proportion of students referred into the host trial. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of students who met mental health caseness criteria and the proportion of self-referred adolescents.ResultsBetween 20 August 2018 and 9 December 2018, 835 students (23.3% of all students) were referred into the host trial. The referred sample included 591 boys (70.8%), and had a mean age of 15.8 years, SD=0.06; 194 students (31.8% of 610 with complete data) met mental health caseness criteria. The proportion of students referred in each trial conditionwas significantly higher in the IC (IC=21.7%, CC=1.5%, OR=111.36, 95% CI 35.56 to 348.77, p<0.001). The proportion of self-referred participants was also higher in the IC (IC=98.1%, CC=89.1%, Pearson χ2 (1)=16.92, p<0.001). Although the proportion of referred students meeting caseness criteria was similar in both conditions (IC=32.0% vs CC=28.1%), the proportion weighted for the total student population was substantially higher in the IC (IC=5.2%, CC=0.3%, OR=52.39, 95% CI 12.49 to 219.66,p<0.001).ConclusionA single, lay counsellor-delivered, classroom sensitisation session increased psychological help-seeking for common mental health problems among secondary school pupils from urban, low-income communities in India.Trial registration numberNCT03633916.

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11

Buddle, Bryce M., Barry J. Wards, Frank E. Aldwell, Desmond M. Collins, and Geoffrey W. de Lisle. "Influence of sensitisation to environmental mycobacteria on subsequent vaccination against bovine tuberculosis." Vaccine 20, no. 7-8 (January 2002): 1126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00436-4.

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12

Kimber, Ian. "Reduction, Refinement and Replacement: Putting the Immune System to Work." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 6 (November 2002): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203000603.

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Many chemicals are known to be, or have been implicated as, contact allergens, and allergic contact dermatitis is an important occupational and environmental health issue. It is the responsibility of toxicologists to identify those chemicals that have the potential to induce skin sensitisation, and to assess the conditions under which there will exist a risk to human health. This article describes progress that has been made in the development of new approaches to the toxicological evaluation of skin sensitisation, and the benefits to animal welfare that such developments have already produced, and are likely to produce in the future. In this context, the local lymph node assay is described with regard to hazard identification and risk assessment, and possible strategies for the development of in vitro approaches to safety assessment are discussed.

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13

Vanhanen, M. "Sensitisation to enzymes in the animal feed industry." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.2.119.

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Custovic, A. "Environmental allergen exposure, sensitisation and asthma: from whole populations to individuals at risk." Thorax 59, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.027334.

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15

Lefevre, Emilia M., Darryl W. Eyles, and Thomas H. J. Burne. "Behavioural sensitisation to MK-801 is dose-dependent and independent of environmental context." Behavioural Brain Research 298 (February 2016): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.014.

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16

Taghiakbari, Mahsa, Jacques-André Pralong, Catherine Lemière, Gregory Moullec, Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri, André Cartier, Roberto Castano, and Eva Suarthana. "Novel clinical scores for occupational asthma due to exposure to high-molecular-weight agents." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 7 (April 20, 2019): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105593.

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ObjectiveSpecific inhalation challenge (SIC) as the reference diagnostic test for occupational asthma (OA) is not widely available worldwide. We aimed to develop non-SIC-based models for OA.MethodsOf 427 workers who were exposed to high-molecular-weight agents and referred to OA clinic at Montréal Sacré-Cœur Hospital between 1983 and 2016, we analysed 160 workers who completed non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness (NSBHR) tests and still worked 1 month before SIC. OA was defined as positive SIC. Logistic regression models were developed. The accuracy of the models was quantified using calibration and discrimination measures. Their internal validity was evaluated with bootstrapping procedures. The final models were translated into clinical scores and stratified into probability groups.ResultsThe final model, which included age ≤40 years, rhinoconjunctivitis, inhaled corticosteroid use, agent type, NSBHR, and work-specific sensitisation had a reasonable internal validity. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.95), statistically significantly higher than the combination of positive NSBHR and work-specific sensitisation (AUC=0.84). The top 70% of the clinical scores (ie, the high probability group) showed a significantly higher sensitivity (96.4%vs86.9%) and negative predictive value (93.6%vs84.1%) than the combination of positive NSBHR and work-specific sensitisation (p value <0.001).ConclusionsWe developed novel scores for OA induced by high-molecular-weight agents with excellent discrimination. It could be helpful for secondary-care physicians who have access to pulmonary function test and allergy testing in identifying subjects at a high risk of having OA and in deciding on appropriate referral to a tertiary centre.

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17

Ruoppi, P. "Sensitisation to mites in laboratory animal workers with rhinitis." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.015685.

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18

Vanhanen, M., T. Tuomi, H. Hokkanen, O. Tupasela, A. Tuomainen, P. C. Holmberg, M. Leisola, and H. Nordman. "Enzyme exposure and enzyme sensitisation in the baking industry." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.10.670.

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19

Chen, Chih-Mei, Ulrike Gehring, Magnus Wickman, Gerard Hoek, Mariëlla Giovannangelo, Emma Nordling, Alet Wijga, et al. "Domestic cat allergen and allergic sensitisation in young children." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 211, no. 3-4 (July 2008): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.05.007.

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20

Holt, P. "Development of long term tolerance versus sensitisation to environmental allergens during the perinatal period." Current Opinion in Immunology 9, no. 6 (December 1997): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80178-1.

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21

Elms, J. "Prevalence of sensitisation to cellulase and xylanase in bakery workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 802–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.10.802.

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22

Bolčič-Tavčar, Mateja, and Marjan Vračko. "Prediction of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and skin sensitisation with Caesar program for a set of conazoles." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2012): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2188.

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This article presents models to predict mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and skin sensitisation for a set of 27 conazoles. The predictions were performed with the program package CAESAR, which is available on the Internet. The CAESAR programs were developed to support the European Community Regulation on chemicals and their safe use (REACH) and follow the OECD principles for (Q)SAR models used for regulatory purposes. The programs provide a number of information, including a binary classifi cation of a compound as toxic or non-toxic and information on similar compounds from the model’s training sets (similarity sets). In this study we analysed conazole sets using principal component analysis (PCA). The predictions were compared to the currently valid classifi cation of these substances in the European Union (EU) or to the classifi cation proposed at expert meetings of the Pesticide Risk Assessment and Peer Review (PRAPeR) group. The predicted classifi cation for mutagenicity was in good agreement with regulatory classifi cation, the predictions for carcinogenicity and developmental toxicity showed some discrepancy in particular cases, while the predictions for skin sensitisation showed even greater discrepancy.

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Koskela, H. O. "Effect of farming environment on sensitisation to allergens continues after childhood." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2004.014852.

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Dianati Maleki, Neda, Jeremy Beach, Harissis Vliagoftis, Eugene Waclawski, and Nicola Cherry. "0021 Sensitisation to rats and mice among laboratory staff and researchers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 71, Suppl 1 (June 2014): A2.1—A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2014-102362.4.

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Doekes, G., N. Kamminga, L. Helwegen, and D. Heederik. "Occupational IgE sensitisation to phytase, a phosphatase derived from Aspergillus niger." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 7 (July 1, 1999): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.7.454.

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Drexler, H., B. A. G. Jönsson, T. Göen, J. Nielsen, M. Lakemeyer, and H. Welinder. "Exposure assessment and sensitisation in workers exposed to organic acid anhydrides." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 73, no. 4 (May 19, 2000): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050422.

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Kompauer, Iris, Joachim Heinrich, Guenther Wolfram, and Jakob Linseisen. "Association of carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C in plasma with allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation in adults." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 4 (June 2006): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005868.

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AbstractObjectivesAntioxidant nutrients like carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C have been suggested to protect against allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation but scientific evidence is scarce. The aims of the study were to measure the plasma concentration of six carotenoids, α- and γ-tocopherol and vitamin C as biomarkers of the intake, absorption and subsequent metabolism of these nutrients, and to assess their association with allergic rhinitis and sensitisation.MethodData from a cross-sectional study on representative dietary and lifestyle habits of the population of Bavaria, Germany, were analysed. The plasma levels of six carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and cryptoxanthin) as well as of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and vitamin C were measured in 547 adults aged between 19 and 81 years. Participants with specific serum immunoglobulin E ≥700 U l−1 were categorised as sensitised. The association of plasma antioxidant levels, allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation was assessed by means of unconditional logistic regression models.ResultsWe observed a negative association between plasma total carotenoids and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.13 (0.54–2.39) for the second, 0.72 (0.33–1.58) for the third and 0.44 (0.19–1.03) for the fourth quartile of total carotenoids concentration (P for trend = 0.0332); results for lycopene failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.0608). Other single carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C were unrelated to allergic rhinitis. Allergic sensitisation was negatively associated with plasma γ-tocopherol, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.51–1.65) for the second, 1.00 (0.56–1.80) for the third and 0.45 (0.23–0.88) for the fourth quartile of plasma γ-tocopherol concentration (P for trend = 0.0410). No other antioxidant was significantly related to allergic sensitisation.ConclusionsHigh plasma carotenoid concentrations reflecting a diet high in various fruits and vegetables might have a protective effect on allergic rhinitis in adulthood.

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Szewzyk, Regine, Kerstin Becker, Andreas Huenken, Christine Schulz, Margarete Seiwert, and Marike Kolossa-Gehring. "German Environmental Survey for Children (GerES IV): Fungi in Homes and Sensitisation of Children in Germany." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362460.01515.87.

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Kamiya, Tsukushi, Megan A. Greischar, and Nicole Mideo. "Epidemiological consequences of immune sensitisation by pre-exposure to vector saliva." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2017): e0005956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005956.

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Chan Sun, Marie, Beneeta Jeetun, Deevya Neerunjun, and Jayrani Cheeneebash. "Need to investigate COVID-19 beliefs for tailor-made sensitisation campaigns." Public Health in Practice 2 (November 2021): 100156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100156.

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Pennanen, S., H. Mussalo-Rauhamaa, A. Harju, M. Pippuri, J. Liesivuori, P. Elg, K. Hakala, and T. Haahtela. "Exposure to Mites, Sensitisation and Allergy to Mites in Moisture Damaged Buildings." Indoor and Built Environment 16, no. 1 (February 2007): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x06075036.

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32

LaMontagne, A. D. "Primary prevention of latex related sensitisation and occupational asthma: a systematic review." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.025221.

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Suarthana, E., J.-L. Malo, D. Heederik, H. Ghezzo, J. L'Archeveque, and D. Gautrin. "Which tools best predict the incidence of work-related sensitisation and symptoms." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 66, no. 2 (September 19, 2008): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.041079.

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Musk, A. W., K. M. Venables, B. Crook, A. J. Nunn, R. Hawkins, G. D. Crook, B. J. Graneek, R. D. Tee, N. Farrer, and D. A. Johnson. "Respiratory symptoms, lung function, and sensitisation to flour in a British bakery." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 46, no. 9 (September 1, 1989): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.46.9.636.

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Kumar, Rakesh K., Jessica S. Siegle, Gerard E. Kaiko, Cristan Herbert, Joerg E. Mattes, and Paul S. Foster. "Responses of Airway Epithelium to Environmental Injury: Role in the Induction Phase of Childhood Asthma." Journal of Allergy 2011 (November 1, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/257017.

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The pathogenesis of allergic asthma in childhood remains poorly understood. Environmental factors which appear to contribute to allergic sensitisation, with development of a Th2-biased immunological response in genetically predisposed individuals, include wheezing lower respiratory viral infections in early life and exposure to airborne environmental pollutants. These may activate pattern recognition receptors and/or cause oxidant injury to airway epithelial cells (AECs). In turn, this may promote Th2 polarisation via a “final common pathway” involving interaction between AEC, dendritic cells, and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Potentially important cytokines produced by AEC include thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin-25. Their role is supported by in vitro studies using human AEC, as well as by experiments in animal models. To date, however, few investigations have employed models of the induction phase of childhood asthma. Further research may help to identify interventions that could reduce the risk of allergic asthma.

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Barman, Malin, Fiona Murray, Angelina I. Bernardi, Karin Broberg, Sven Bölte, Bill Hesselmar, Bo Jacobsson, et al. "Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE): a prospective birth cohort in northern Sweden." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (October 2018): e022013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022013.

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IntroductionPrenatal and neonatal environmental factors, such as nutrition, microbes and toxicants, may affect health throughout life. Many diseases, such as allergy and impaired child development, may be programmed already in utero or during early infancy. Birth cohorts are important tools to study associations between early life exposure and disease risk. Here, we describe the study protocol of the prospective birth cohort, ‘Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment’ (NICE). The primary aim of the NICE cohort is to clarify the effect of key environmental exposures—diet, microbes and environmental toxicants—during pregnancy and early childhood, on the maturation of the infant’s immune system, including initiation of sensitisation and allergy as well as some secondary outcomes: infant growth, obesity, neurological development and oral health.Methods and analysisThe NICE cohort will recruit about 650 families during mid-pregnancy. The principal inclusion criterion will be planned birth at the Sunderby Hospital in the north of Sweden, during 2015–2018. Questionnaires data and biological samples will be collected at 10 time-points, from pregnancy until the children reach 4 years of age. Samples will be collected primarily from mothers and children, and from fathers. Biological samples include blood, urine, placenta, breast milk, meconium, faeces, saliva and hair. Information regarding allergic heredity, diet, socioeconomic status, lifestyle including smoking, siblings, pet ownership, etc will be collected using questionnaires. Sensitisation to common allergens will be assessed by skin prick testing and allergic disease will be diagnosed by a paediatrician at 1 and 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, the children will also be examined regarding growth, neurobehavioural and neurophysiological status and oral health.Ethics and disseminationThe NICE cohort has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Umeå, Sweden (2013/18-31M). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and communicated on scientific conferences.

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Booker, Cara L., and Amanda Sacker. "Psychological well-being and reactions to multiple unemployment events: adaptation or sensitisation?" Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66, no. 9 (June 20, 2011): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2010.126755.

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WISZNIEWSKA, Marta, Diana TYMOSZUK, Ewa NOWAKOWSKA-ŚWIRTA, Cezary PAŁCZYŃSKI, and Jolanta WALUSIAK-SKORUPA. "Mould Sensitisation among Bakers and Farmers with Work-related Respiratory Symptoms." Industrial Health 51, no. 3 (2013): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2012-0051.

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Madsen, Milene Torp, Lars Rauff Skadhauge, Anders Daldorph Nielsen, Jesper Baelum, and David Lee Sherson. "Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) may cause occupational asthma." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105295.

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IntroductionAnhydrides are widely used as cross-linking agents in epoxy resins and alkyd production, for example, as coatings and adhesives in plastic products. Sensitisation to several anhydrides is known to cause occupational asthma. There are indications that the lesser known pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) can cause irritative respiratory symptoms and possibly asthma. We report three cases of workers from a plastic foil manufacturing plant, who developed asthma when exposed to PMDA during specific inhalation challenge (SIC).MethodsSIC was performed over 2 days according to recommendations of European Respiratory Society. Lactose powder was used in control challenges and a mixture of 10% PMDA and 90% lactose powder in active challenges.ResultsAll cases experienced a delayed decrease in forced expiratory flow in 1 s (FEV1) 4–12 hours after active challenge. FEV1 decreased by 19%, 15% and 16%, respectively. After 21 hours, FEV1 decreased by 24% in one worker.DiscussionRespiratory symptoms after working hours may represent delayed work-related asthma. During SIC, the three patients developed lower respiratory symptoms and a delayed decrease in FEV1 which suggest sensitisation. The mechanism of anhydride-related asthma is not well understood. Anhydrides are known irritants and hence an irritative response cannot be excluded. The company improved ventilation and enforced the use of respiratory protection equipment, and finally phased out PMDA. Occupational workplace risk identification may help to identify exposures. SIC can contribute to improving working conditions, by identifying and confirming asthmogens in the environment.

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Berro, L. F., A. W. Hollais, P. F. de Jesus, T. C. F. Aramini, E. Mári-Kawamoto, L. P. Saito, R. Wuo-Silva, F. Morgado, and R. Frussa-Filho. "P.6.d.006 Induction, expression and environmental conditioning in cocaine-induced behavioural sensitisation: are they related?" European Neuropsychopharmacology 22 (October 2012): S408—S409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(12)70638-7.

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Feleszko, W., M. Ruszczy ski, J. Jaworska, A. Strzelak, B. M. Zalewski, and M. Kulus. "Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk of allergic sensitisation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 99, no. 11 (June 23, 2014): 985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305444.

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Kelso, J. "Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Risk of Allergic Sensitisation in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." PEDIATRICS 136, Supplement (December 1, 2015): S235—S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2776aa.

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Petrachi, Tiziana, Francesco Ganzerli, Aurora Cuoghi, Alberto Ferrari, Elisa Resca, Valentina Bergamini, Luca Accorsi, et al. "Assessing Biocompatibility of Face Mask Materials during COVID-19 Pandemic by a Rapid Multi-Assays Strategy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105387.

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During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, scientific authorities strongly suggested the use of face masks (FMs). FM materials (FMMs) have to satisfy the medical device biocompatibility requirements as indicated in the technical standard EN ISO 10993-1:2018. The biologic evaluation must be confirmed by in vivo tests to verify cytotoxicity, sensitisation, and skin irritation. Some of these tests require an extensive period of time for their execution, which is incompatible with an emergency situation. In this study, we propose to verify the safety of FMMs combining the assessment of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) with quantification of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as predictive markers of skin sensitisation or irritation based on human primary fibroblasts. Two hundred and forty-two FMMs were collected and classified according to spectrometer IR in polypropylene, paper, cotton, polyester, polyethylene terephthalate, 3-dimensional printing, and viscose. Of all FMMs tested, 50.8% passed all the assays, 48% failed at least one, and only 1.2% failed all. By a low cost, rapid and highly sensitive multi assays strategy tested on human skin fibroblasts against a large variety of FMMs, we propose a strategy to promptly evaluate biocompatibility in wearable materials.

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Riggle, Jeremy, and Ray von Wandruszka. "Complexation of TbIII with size fractions of humic acid: evidence from luminescence sensitisation and anisotropy measurements." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2007): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06069.

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Environmental context. Organic ligands, especially those derived from humic acid (HA), play a major role in the fate and transport of metal ions in the environment. For the modelling of subsurface pollutant transport, it is important to understand which components of a heterogeneous humic material interact most strongly with multivalent cations. Abstract. The luminescence sensitisation and anisotropy characteristics of a series of TbIII complexes with a leonardite humic acid (LHA) were investigated in order to evaluate the interactions between the metal and different components of the humate. Ultrafiltration was used to separate LHA into six size fractions, which ranged from 500 Da to 0.2 μm, and were then used to form the TbIII complexes. Each fraction was first characterised by 13C NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that the smaller ones (<3 kDa) had a significantly lower aliphatic content than the larger ones. These smaller components were good energy donors, which could effectively sensitise TbIII luminescence. At the same time, the luminescence anisotropy of TbIII increased significantly when these LHA fractions were added, which indicated the formation of tightly bound complexes. In this sense, the smaller LHA fractions were comparable to ethylenediaminetetraacetate, although their effect was not as strong. In contrast, the larger LHA sizes had little or no influence on TbIII sensitisation or anisotropy. The results obtained suggest that the sizes and aliphatic content of humic polymers play a major role in their aqueous interactions with trivalent metal ions. Divalent metals are expected to behave in a similar way.

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Mason, Howard J., Ian Smith, Siti Marwanis Anua, Nargiz Tagiyeva, Sean Semple, and Graham Devereux. "Levels of house dust mite allergen in cars / Razine alergena prašinskih grinja u automobilima." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2684.

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Abstract This small study investigated house dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in cars and their owners’ homes in north-east Scotland. Dust samples from twelve households and cars were collected in a standardised manner. The dust samples were extracted and measured for the Dermatophagoides group 2 allergens (Der p 2 and Der f 2) and total soluble protein. Allergen levels at homes tended to be higher than in the cars, but not significantly. However, they significantly correlated with paired car dust samples expressed either per unit weight of dust or soluble protein (rho=0.657; p=0.02 and 0.769; p=0.003, respectively). This points to house-to-car allergen transfer, with the car allergen levels largely reflecting levels in the owner’s home. Car HDM allergen levels were lower than those reported in Brazil and the USA. Twenty-five percent of the houses and none of the cars had allergen levels in dust greater than 2000 ng g-1. This value is often quoted as a threshold for the risk of sensitisation, although a number of studies report increased risk of sensitisation at lower levels. This small study does not allow for characterisation of the distribution of HDM allergen in vehicles in this geographic area, or of the likely levels in other warmer and more humid areas of the UK. Cars and other vehicles are an under-investigated micro-environment for exposure to allergenic material.

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Kalogeromitros, D. "Asymptomatic sensitisation to grapes in a sample of workers in the wine industry." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 61, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2003.012427.

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Linehan, A. "Exposure-response relations of alpha-amylase sensitisation in British bakeries and flour mills." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.11.789b.

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Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., D. Heederik, G. Doekes, K. M. Venables, and A. J. Newman Taylor. "Exposure-response relations of alpha-amylase sensitisation in British bakeries and flour mills." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.3.197.

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Portengen, L. "Lung function decline in laboratory animal workers: the role of sensitisation and exposure." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 60, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.11.870.

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Brisman, Jonas, Linnéa Lillienberg, Lars Belin, Mats Åhman, and Bengt Järvholm. "Sensitisation to occupational allergens in bakers' asthma and rhinitis: a case–referent study." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 76, no. 2 (February 2003): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0396-3.

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