Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental scientists'
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Krajnc, Anita. "Green learning, the role of scientists and the environmental movement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59060.pdf.
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Topalian, Teny. "The role of science and scientists in marine environmental policy and management." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616878.
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The role of science and scientists in environmental policy and management is and has been an important, complex, and controversial subject for many years. The objective of this study is to determine how science and scientists interact in environmental policy formation and management and how science is or could be used in the development of policy which can ultimately be used as a basis for effective resource management plans. In the very broad sense this study attempts to evaluate the general hypothesis that "Scientists do not play a role in promoting or encouraging science as a means of changing attitudes and opinions of management and the public so as to influence public policy and ultimately environmental management.". The use of science in establishing well developed management plans for coral reef areas in Australia's Great Barrier Reef; Jamaica's - Ocho Rios Marine Park System; St. Croix's - Buck Island; Anguilla; the Netherlands Antilles - including Bonaire and Curacao Marine Parks; Puerto Rico's - La Parguera National Marine Sanctuary; and several of the Florida State reefs such as Key Largo and Looe Key Marine Sanctuaries were examined through analysis of management plans. The second component of the study involved structured interviews with a number of scientists and managers. These individuals included scientists who had been working on coral reefs as well as managers of these systems--individuals who have an interest in formulating public policy as well as those who do not have. The general hypothesis was divided into a number of statements or subhypotheses which were examined to help evaluate the hypothesis. Close-ended questions allowed determination of the reasons why scientists and/or managers feel the way they do in their responses. Appropriate statistics were used to determine if there is a difference in the way scientists perceive their role, as compared to how managers perceive the role of scientists. The null hypothesis that no significant difference exists between attitude of scientists and managers could not be rejected. The general hypothesis was accepted both by scientists and managers.
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Ribeiro, Duarte Tiago. "Expertise and the fractal model : communication and collaboration between climate-change scientists." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49632/.
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This thesis examines how scientific communities which are heterogeneous among themselves communicate and collaborate to produce knowledge on climate change. Climate-change science is a relatively new field of investigation and it includes experts from virtually all areas of scientific enquiry. This field is not, however, a homogeneous transdisciplinary area of research so that the different scientific communities that compose it have to bridge the gaps among themselves to be able effectively to communicate and collaborate. I use Collins and Evans’ (2007) realist theory of expertise combined with other relevant Science and Technology Studies concepts, particularly the notions of trading zones (Galison 1997; Collins et al. 2007) and trust (Giddens 1990, Shackley and Wynne 1995b; Reyes-Galindo 2011) to explain how different groups of experts build bridges between their heterogeneous forms of life. As climate-change science is too broad to be covered in one PhD project, I focus on paleoceanography, a subfield of geology that reconstructs past oceans and their interactions with the climate system. I use the fractal model (Collins 2011) to move through different levels of analysis and examine the different bridge-building mechanisms between expert communities at work at each of them. The main contribution of the present work is to identify and explain how the various mechanisms that mediate communication between expert communities come into play at different levels of analysis.
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Thill, Zackery. "Rights Holders, Stakeholders, and Scientists: A Political Ecology of Ambient Environmental Monitoring in Alberta, Canada." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23767.
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States increasingly rely on ambient environmental monitoring systems to provide information on environmental conditions in order to make science-based decisions on resource management. This kind of monitoring relies on a network of state and intergovernmental agencies to generate indexes, thresholds, and indicators to assess the status of air, water, and biodiversity. As a result, these thresholds and indexes generate representations of environmental change, and they establish acceptable limits on pollution. However, in settler states like Canada, there are often major gaps in how First Nations experience environmental change compared to the agencies that produce the science. In recent years, monitoring has taken on a new importance because the findings from these agencies contribute to understanding how industrial development impacts First Nations’ treaty rights. Many First Nation communities have called for greater say in government agencies and have advocated for indicators that represent both their basic environmental concerns and their treaty rights.
Using oil sands monitoring agencies as a lens, this dissertation examines the politics of environmental knowledge production between Indigenous groups and the state. I employ the “logic of elimination” concept from settler colonialism studies to explore the extent to which Indigenous groups have been incorporated in research design, decision-making, and the establishment of environmental thresholds. I use interviews, participant observation, and a Q-method survey to develop an understanding how settler colonialism functions not only through policies and legislation, but also scientists’ positionalities. The findings from this research demonstrate that monitoring agencies have no uniform policies to guide how they work with First Nations. Because of this, agencies have continually engaged with First Nations as stakeholders—not rights holders. This designation places First Nations on the same level as other interest groups and limits their abilities to shape what is monitored and how thresholds are set. As a result, the stakeholder position offers few avenues for First Nations to ensure treaty rights are considered in monitoring activities.10000-01-01
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Simmons, Erica (Erica Kathleen). "Communicating science amid environmental controversy : how scientists interact with policy in the San Francisco Bay-Delta." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81644.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-63).
In controversies over environmental management, participants often call for policies based on the best available science. However, environmental controversies are rarely simply disputes over scientific knowledge; instead, they are driven by stakeholders' conflicting interests and values. In this context, science often becomes a part of the political dispute, used and interpreted differently by different actors in the policy process. Scientists, therefore, face the challenge of communicating their research to non-scientific audiences-such as stakeholders, policy makers, and the general public-in a highly politicized context. This essay examines how scientists perceive their role in the policy process and how they navigate the intersection of science and policy in the San Francisco Bay-Delta, a region that has been the site of decades of scientific research and controversy over environmental management. This essay examines three cases: the CALFED Science Program, which built a policy-neutral body of research to support a collaborative planning process in the Bay-Delta that began in 2000; the interdisciplinary Bay- Delta policy reports which scientists from the University of California, Davis and the Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) have published from 2007 to 2013 in reaction to policy failures; and a series of radio stories and interactive web maps that the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) produced in 2012 with KQED, a San-Francisco-based public media station, to communicate their research to a general California audience. These cases show how scientists in the Bay-Delta have struggled with the tension between communicating their research in a way that is salient to policy discussions and maintaining their legitimacy within scientific and policy communities. They also show an increasing political sophistication among scientists in the Bay- Delta as they have continued to engage in the policy process and an expanding scale of engagement, from working directly with the policy community to communicating about Bay- Delta ecology and policy with the general public. These approaches, while different, complement each other, demonstrating how scientists can communicate their research in a variety of ways depending on their relationship to the policy community.
by Erica Simmons.
M.C.P.
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Burchell, Kevin. "Talking to scientists : the role of scientific knowledge in environmental policy-making : a case study in biotechnology and genetics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421915.
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Haddad, Hebba. "Dynamics of communicating climate change information : using mixed methods to examine the perspectives of scientists, communicators and publics." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16883.
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The communication of anthropogenic climate change presents many challenges, for communicators, scientists, policymakers and publics alike. Particularly difficult is the issue of uncertainty, which can include ambiguity around the phenomenon of climate change, the possible impacts of this, and the timeframe within which such impacts will be seen. Previous research has established that audiences are often averse to uncertainty, and will disregard or ignore messages that contain it. This raises a theoretical and practical question of how best to manage uncertainty in climate change communication in order to maintain audience engagement. This question was the focus of this PhD research. Specifically, the aim of this thesis was to explore the process of climate change communication from the perspectives of the scientists, communicators, and the recipient. I achieved this research goal by utilising a mixed methods design. I firstly interviewed the originators (i.e., scientists) and professional communicators of climate change information to explore the process from their side (Chapter 2). This revealed a number of themes connecting to the different ways scientists and communicators understand the process of communication (e.g., as information exchange versus relationship building), the challenges of climate change communication and uncertainty in particular, and the (appropriate) role of scientists when communicating with the public about climate change. Next, in a series of studies I experimentally explored how audiences respond to variations in the informational content of climate change messages (such as the level of uncertainty) and the role of different communicative styles in further shaping audience engagement (Chapter 3). Broadly, the results of these studies suggest that while uncertainty can undermine audience engagement with climate change communications, the negative effects of uncertainty are buffered when the communicator is perceived to be high in morality and/ or when they use an open communication style. Interestingly, these effects of communication style were particularly evident among women, whereas men tended to react against this. Together, these studies show how relational factors (e.g., communication styles and perceptions of communication sources) can moderate the impact of informational content on audience responses. Finally, I ended this programme of research by looking in more detail at how audiences perceive a real scientific organisation engaged in climate change communication and the bases of their beliefs about organisation competence and morality (Chapter 4). This study combined qualitative and quantitative data to delve deeper into some of the insights gained in the experimental work, and to reconnect this to the real-world organisation context I began with. This study again showed how perceptions of communicator morality moderate responses to uncertainty, but also provide useful insights into the different origins of perceptions of morality and competence. Chapter 5 concludes by summarising the research presented in this thesis, discussing its strengths, limitations and ways forward. Here, I also consider the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of the thesis’ research findings. Briefly, it is argued that addressing the scientific uncertainties of climate change may not necessarily mean altering the form of information itself. Rather, modifying the language peripheral to the information that contains uncertainty, attending to the ways in which audiences perceive the sources of uncertainty, and considering variations amongst publics, may help to engage in effective communication around the complex issue of climate change.
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Miller, Gilbert David. "Scientists, Uncertainty and Nature, An Analysis of the Development, Implementation and Unintended Consequences of the Northwest Forest Plan." Thesis, Portland State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807499.
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The conflict in the Pacific Northwest between competing visions of how federal forests should be managed resulted in a political stalemate in the early 1990s. The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was initiated to resolve the demands for maintaining ecosystem processes and biological diversity with the social and economic needs for timber harvest. The foundation for the plan rested with the development of ecosystem management. The intent of this research is to explore the events which led up to the adoption of the NWFP, how it was implemented by the US Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management and the subsequent reactions to and consequences of the plan.
The primary research consisted of thirty-eight semi-structured interviews with individuals responsible for the development of the initial plan, those tasked with implementing the plan and current federal agency personnel from the land management agencies and regulatory agencies. With the use of thematic analysis, key meanings were captured as expressed by the interviewees. The data was analyzed using institutional theory, capturing the organizational relations within the organizational field of the land management agencies.
Research findings suggest that the NWFP was unsuccessful in meeting the goal of addressing the social and economic issues as well as the goals for ecosystem management. This dissertation explores the organizational practices and cultural meanings that led to the final instantiation of the plan. It seeks to shed light on the reasons why these goals were not met and how future forest plans can move beyond the current stalemate between conservation and preservation.
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Thomsen, Dana Christine, and n/a. "Community-Based Research: An Opportunity for Collaboration and Social Change." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050323.174017.
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Natural resource managers are facing increasing challenges as environmental degradation accelerates and the need to integrate a broad spectrum of community experiences into management decisions is increasingly recognised. To help meet these novel challenges, this study explores how professional researchers and communities can combine their skills and learn to work in partnerships to achieve shared management goals. Community-based research involves people as citizen scientists, whereby citizens actively participate in research on local issues. The inclusive nature of community-based research has the ability to produce auxiliary benefits uncommon in conventional research. These include the development of social capital and social learning as the practice of citizen science empowers communities with new skills, knowledge and social networks, thus building capacity within communities to take an effective role in natural resource management. Community-based research also has the potential to enrich the range of management options available by increasing the breadth of accessible knowledge. However, despite much rhetoric about democratising science, little is known about the practice, value and problems of involving citizens as collaborators in natural resource management research projects. This thesis presents the findings from a comparative survey of the attitudes to community-based research held by 'citizen' scientists, on the one hand, and 'expert' scientists and natural resource managers, on the other. It also draws upon a multi-site case study, set in a diverse urban-rural catchment, where an integrated research program was established for different natural resource management agencies to work with each other and community groups to develop research protocols so that community groups could participate in assessing the health of catchment areas. This involved scientists, natural resource managers and community education/extension officers working with established community groups to develop and trial modified scientific methods for the environmental monitoring of catchment and estuarine areas. This inter-agency/community project was continued as a case study site into the second and third years of research and was augmented in the second and third years by focusing on two of the initial community groups as second and third case study sites in their own right. Synthesis of both survey and case study analysis reveals that, despite resource and attitudinal barriers, community-based research can ensure access to local knowledge and increased relevance of research. In addition, many participants most valued the increased feeling of connection towards their local environment and community. I argue that citizen/expert collaboration is key to successful community-based research and best achieved in an atmosphere of mutual respect where all participants are seen as co-researchers. However, participatory intentions are unlikely to be acted upon without sufficient opportunity. Thus, the process of research must be re-defined from that associated with positivist science to include a greater range of participants and activities in an adaptive manner. This more inclusive and reflective approach seems most likely to ensure the quality and utility of research data, the knowledge sharing and social learning, and the enjoyable atmosphere that underpin successful citizen/expert interactions. Certainly, the ability to draw upon and create social capital is vital. The integration of these findings enabled the development of guidelines for effective collaboration between citizens and experts when addressing catchment management issues and undertaking participatory research.
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Thomsen, Dana Christine. "Community-Based Research: An Opportunity for Collaboration and Social Change." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366287.
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Natural resource managers are facing increasing challenges as environmental degradation accelerates and the need to integrate a broad spectrum of community experiences into management decisions is increasingly recognised. To help meet these novel challenges, this study explores how professional researchers and communities can combine their skills and learn to work in partnerships to achieve shared management goals. Community-based research involves people as citizen scientists, whereby citizens actively participate in research on local issues. The inclusive nature of community-based research has the ability to produce auxiliary benefits uncommon in conventional research. These include the development of social capital and social learning as the practice of citizen science empowers communities with new skills, knowledge and social networks, thus building capacity within communities to take an effective role in natural resource management. Community-based research also has the potential to enrich the range of management options available by increasing the breadth of accessible knowledge. However, despite much rhetoric about democratising science, little is known about the practice, value and problems of involving citizens as collaborators in natural resource management research projects. This thesis presents the findings from a comparative survey of the attitudes to community-based research held by 'citizen' scientists, on the one hand, and 'expert' scientists and natural resource managers, on the other. It also draws upon a multi-site case study, set in a diverse urban-rural catchment, where an integrated research program was established for different natural resource management agencies to work with each other and community groups to develop research protocols so that community groups could participate in assessing the health of catchment areas. This involved scientists, natural resource managers and community education/extension officers working with established community groups to develop and trial modified scientific methods for the environmental monitoring of catchment and estuarine areas. This inter-agency/community project was continued as a case study site into the second and third years of research and was augmented in the second and third years by focusing on two of the initial community groups as second and third case study sites in their own right. Synthesis of both survey and case study analysis reveals that, despite resource and attitudinal barriers, community-based research can ensure access to local knowledge and increased relevance of research. In addition, many participants most valued the increased feeling of connection towards their local environment and community. I argue that citizen/expert collaboration is key to successful community-based research and best achieved in an atmosphere of mutual respect where all participants are seen as co-researchers. However, participatory intentions are unlikely to be acted upon without sufficient opportunity. Thus, the process of research must be re-defined from that associated with positivist science to include a greater range of participants and activities in an adaptive manner. This more inclusive and reflective approach seems most likely to ensure the quality and utility of research data, the knowledge sharing and social learning, and the enjoyable atmosphere that underpin successful citizen/expert interactions. Certainly, the ability to draw upon and create social capital is vital. The integration of these findings enabled the development of guidelines for effective collaboration between citizens and experts when addressing catchment management issues and undertaking participatory research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Pessis, Céline. "Défendre la terre. Scientifiques critiques et mobilisations environnementales des années 1940 aux années 1970." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0019.
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A la croisée de l'histoire des sciences et des techniques, de l'histoire environnementale et de l'histoire des mouvements sociaux, cette thèse se propose d'explorer et de faire ressurgir dans divers champs de science (mathématiques, agronomie et sciences naturelles principalement) des voix contestataires à l'industrialisation d'une France encore largement rurale. Elle étudie les économies morales, les cultures épistémiques et les programmes alternatifs de recherche portés par ces scientifiques critiques, ainsi que les mouvements sociaux pour ou par lesquels ils parviennent à se constituer en ressources critiques.Cette recherche interroge le travail cognitif et normatif de scientifiques pour constituer la terre(en tant que milieu biologique, espace cultivé, planète habitable ; ancrage matériel des paysanneries et condition première de l'existence humaine) en objet à défendre durant la période dite des « Trente Glorieuses », qui voit se structurer un nouveau régime de production des savoirs et des artefacts techno scientifiques sous l'égide d'un État modernisateur. A travers l'étude de trois types de critiques (des tracteurs, de l'épuisement des sols, et de la menace globale de destruction de la planète), la thèse met au jour un certains nombre d’alertes, de savoirs, de controverses et de luttes socio-environnementale. Elle s'inscrit là dans une historiographie récente qui revisite le mythe d'une modernisation heureuse et consensuelle, inattentive aux nuisances qu'elle génèreAt the crossroads of the history of science and technology, environmental history and thehistory of social movements, this thesis aims to make voices voices against the industrialization ofstill largely rural France heard again, in various fields of science (mainly mathematics, agronomyand natural sciences). I analyse the moral economies, epistemic cultures and alternative researchprogrammes carried out by these critical scientists, as well as the social movements for or throughwhich they manage to constitute themselves as critical resources.This research documents the cognitive and normative work of scientists aimed at constitutingthe earth as an object to be defended during the so-called "Thirty Glorious Years" period (that is, asa biological environment, a cultivated space, a habitable planet; the material anchoring of ruralsocieties and the basic condition of human existence), in the face of a dominant regime of‘modernization’ and of production of technoscientific knowledge under the aegis of a modernizingState. Through the study of three types of issues (tractors, soil depletion, and the threat of globaldestruction of the planet), this thesis shed light on a set of socio-environmental warnings,knowledge, controversies and strugles. It therefore adds to a new historiographic perspective thatrevisits the myth of a happy and consensual modernization, paying little attention to the damages itgenerated
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Turner, Michael. "ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST II INTERNSHIP WITH SHAW ENVIRONMENTAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1339436469.
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Pitts, Dennis R. "Learning about Scientists in a Gender-Equitable, Multimedia Environment." NSUWorks, 1999. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/773.
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The goal of this dissertation was to produce gender-equitable, multimedia based science materials with the objective of attracting female students to careers in science. This goal was accomplished through the development and use of a gender-equitable, multimedia based software application for use in the middle school integrated science classes. Observable objectives in this application included I) text, pictures, and lessons that portrayed female and male role models, 2) the portrayal of females and males in nonstereotyped roles, 3) the portrayal of females in roles that were equal to the roles of males, 4) the portrayal of females as scientists in the areas of the Physical Sciences, 5) the diversity of science related occupations, 6) the relationship of science to everyday life, 7) the number of references to characters of one gender did not exceed the number represented by the other gender, and 8) questions used for review or testing were gender-neutral. Fraser's (J 981) Test of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA) was administered as a pre and post-questionnaire to the target audience to determine general attitudes toward multimedia-based learning materials as well as any specific reactions toward gender-bias free materials. It was expected that by using gender-equitable multimedia software, students' attitudes toward science instruction would be impacted in a positive way. The educational intervention treatment, developed with HyperStudio® for Windows®, followed sound principles of courseware design and development. It was posited that female students would realize and appreciate the idea that science-related careers are as open to them as to males. Also, after using the software, male students would benefit from the experience by reaching beyond preconceived notions of stereotyping.
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Chicoine, Geneviève. "Citizen-scientist partnerships, a step toward community-based environmental management?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36412.pdf.
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Sommers, Angela Kay. "Reporting on the Environment: Scientists Evaluate Coverage of Ground Water Pollution." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292135.
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Gabel, James M. M. D. "ONE SCIENTIST'S EFFORTS TO PREVENT CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin992270458.
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Santoni, Simone <1983>. "Institutional pluralism within science-based firms: a scientist-environment fit perspective." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3884/.
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Fehr, Ben Steven. "The Multifaceted Nature of Consulting: My Experience as an Environmental Scientist at Amec Foster Wheeler." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1513799359516965.
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Condron, Linda S. "Tales of women in science and technology : how women computer scientists in engineering environments experience their professions /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148794815862573.
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Siatri, Ourania. "Information seeking in an emerging electronic environment : a study of academic computer scientists in British and Greek universities." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437685.
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Ellery, William. "The landscape holds answers to more questions than we have yet learned to ask : perspectives of an environmental scientist." Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018944.
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[From the text] Implicit in the title of my talk is the idea that the landscape has a voice – it "holds answers". Our understanding of landscapes depends on the questions we ask about their appearance and dynamics. What I love about the voice of landscapes is its gentle nature – it whispers. It's a seductive voice, inviting one to hear secrets. I have long been curious about the intimate language of landscapes and this has stemmed from a personal connection with nature from a very early age. My interests led me into the fields of ecology and geomorphology, both of which have allowed me to unravel some of these secrets. So, in tonight’s talk there are a number of narratives that form a part of my story. The first narrative is about science. It’s about how we uncover nature’s secrets and thus create new understanding.
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Wikgren, Brooke C. "A Report: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Intern and Assistant Scientist with the Marine GIS Research Group at the New England Aquarium." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1290124556.
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Virtanen, M. (Mari). "The development of ubiquitous 360° learning environment and its effects on students’ satisfaction and histotechnological knowledge." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218298.
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Abstract The digitalization of the society, the changing structures of education and the tightening resources have hastened the development of open learning environments. The aim of this study was to develop a ubiquitous 360° learning environment (360° ULE) on histotechnology (HT) education and evaluate its effects on student satisfaction and on HT knowledge in the biomedical laboratory science degree. In addition, the purpose was to provide systematic and transparent information on the development process. The study proceeded in two phases, i.e. development and evaluation. In the development phase, the criteria for ubiquitous learning environments (ULE) and the use in higher education were defined by a scoping review. Based on the review the first version of ULE was produced in the histotechnology (HT) context. The ULE was piloted in a study where an experimental group (n = 29) studied via ULE and a control group (n = 28) via a conventional web-based learning environment (WLE). The data was collected at the end of the term by an electronic questionnaire, and it was analyzed statistically. In the evaluation phase, the effects on the student's HT knowledge of (n = 115) and on satisfaction (n = 112) were evaluated in a quasi-experimental study. The data was electronically collected in the beginning and at the end of the term and analyzed statistically. The results from scoping review showed that the ULEs were not widely used in higher education. The criteria for ULEs were defined as flexibility, context-awareness, personalization and interactivity. These criteria were emphasized in the production of the ULE, evaluated in both phases. Based on the pilot study the flexibility, context-awareness and personalized operations were perceived as positive, whereas interactivity was seen as needing further development. In the final study, the students were very satisfied with the used ULE with significant improvements in their HT knowledge. Based on the results the development process of 360° ULE was stated as effective and valid. The process was described systematically and transparently. Further development, optimization, and evaluation was recommended when implementing the 360° ULE as a part of HT curricula in the biomedical laboratory science degreeTiivistelmä Yhteiskunnan digitalisoituessa, koulutuksen rakenteiden muuttuessa ja resurssien tiukentuessa avointen oppimisympäristöjen kehittäminen korkeakouluopetuksen tarpeisiin on välttämätöntä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää ubiikki oppimisympäristö (ULE) histoteknologian opetukseen ja arvioida sen vaikutuksia bioanalyytikko-opiskelijoiden tyytyväisyyteen ja tietoon histoteknologiasta. Tavoitteena oli tuottaa uutta tietoa, jota voidaan hyödyntää kehitettäessä tulevaisuuden oppimisympäristöjä ja arvioitaessa 360o -tekniikan laajempaa hyödyntämistä koulutuksen eri osa-alueilla. Tutkimus eteni kahdessa vaiheessa: oppimisympäristön kehittäminen ja sen vaikuttavuuden arviointi. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa määritettiin ULE:n kriteerit kartoittavan kirjallisuuskatsauksen menetelmällä ja kuvattiin niiden käyttöä korkeakouluopetuksessa. Tämän perusteella kehitettiin ULE:n ensimmäinen versio, histoteknologian (HT) opetukseen, jota käytettiin pilottitutkimuksessa. Koeryhmä (n= 29) opiskeli ULE:ssa ja vertailuryhmä (n=28) perinteisessä verkko-oppimisympäristössä (WLE). Aineisto kerättiin sähköisellä kyselyllä opetuksen jälkeen ja analysoitiin tilastollisesti. Tutkimuksen toisessa vaiheessa arvioitiin ULE:n vaikuttavuutta opiskelijoiden tietoon histoteknologiasta (n=115) sekä tyytyväisyyttä (n=112) oppimisympäristön käyttöön. Aineistot kerättiin kvasikokeellisella asetelmalla bioanalyytikko-opiskelijoilta ennen ja jälkeen opetuksen. Aineistot analysoitiin tilastollisesti. Kartoittava katsaus osoitti ULE:n vähäisen käytön korkeakouluopetuksessa. Tärkeimmiksi kriteereiksi osoittautuivat joustavuus, tilannesidonnaisuus, personoidut toiminnot ja interaktiivisuus. Näitä ominaisuuksia painotettiin kehitystyössä ja arvioitiin molemmissa vaiheissa. Pilottitutkimuksen tulosten perusteella joustavuus, tilannesidonnaisuus ja personoidut toiminnot nähtiin positiivisina, kehitettävää interaktiivisuudessa, jonka perusteella ULE:a optimoitiin varsinaista tutkimusta varten. Tulosten mukaan opiskelijat olivat erittäin tyytyväisiä ULE:n käyttöön ja heidän osaamisensa vahvistui merkittävästi. Tulosten perusteella kehitysprosessi todettiin tehokkaaksi ja luotettavaksi. Prosessi kuvattiin järjestelmällisesti ja läpinäkyvästi. Tulosten perusteella suositellaan kehittämistyön ja optimoinnin jatkamista, jonka jälkeen ULE voidaan liittää osaksi bioanalytiikan HT opintoja ja opetussuunnitelmaa
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Kovalčikienė, Kristina. "The importance of psychological, social and academic environmental factors for postgraduate (doctoral) students’ professional identity expression." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140930_121057-39775.
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The peculiarities of Lithuanian doctoral students’ professional identity and its multiplicity are analyzed. It is presumed that psychological, social and academic environmental factors may explain the doctoral students’ professional identity expression, which is observed through the professional roles: researcher-scientist, teacher and public service provider/practitioner.
The theoretical part presents the problems of terminology regarding identity phenomenon, a disquisition of the professional identity concept by integrating identity and social identity theories, the peculiarities of the doctoral student’s professional identity formation within the career construction theory perspective, analysis of the factors that possibly explain doctoral student’s professional identity expression in the context of the systems theory, and finally, a theoretical model of the study is constructed.
The empirical part covers the results of the study implemented in 2013. The sample consisted of 494 doctoral students from 22 higher education institutions in Lithuania. The results indicated that particular personality traits and thinking styles, subjectively perceived social support from various sources (scientific supervisor, colleagues and other students, employer, family and friends), as well as academic environmental factors (working conditions and scientific field) are significant for doctoral students’ identification with different professional roles. Modeling the interaction of factors... [to full text]Daktaro disertacijoje analizuojama Lietuvos doktorantų profesinio identiteto daugialypiškumo problematika. Darbe keliama prielaida, kad psichologiniai, socialiniai ir akademinės aplinkos veiksniai gali paaiškinti doktorantų profesinio identiteto raišką, kurią stebime per atliekamus profesinius vaidmenis: tyrėjo-mokslininko, dėstytojo ir visuomeninių paslaugų teikėjo/praktiko. Disertacijos teorinėje dalyje pristatoma identiteto reiškinio terminijos problematika, profesinio identiteto sampratos aiškinimas integruojant identiteto ir socialinio identiteto teorijas, doktoranto profesinio identiteto formavimosi ypatumai per karjeros konstravimo teorijos prizmę, doktoranto profesinį identitetą lemiančių veiksnių analizė sistemų teorijos kontekste, pateikiamas teorinis tyrimo modelis. Empirinėje darbo dalyje pristatomi 2013 m. atliktos Lietuvos doktorantų apklausos rezultatai. Tyrimo imtis – 494 doktorantai iš 22 aukštojo mokslo institucijų Lietuvoje. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad tam tikri doktorantų asmenybės bruožai bei mąstymo stiliai, subjektyviai suvokiamas palaikymas iš skirtingų socialinių šaltinių (mokslinio vadovo, kolegų ir kitų studentų, šeimos ir draugų, darbdavio) bei akademinės aplinkos veiksniai (darbo sąlygos bei mokslo sritis) turi reikšmę doktorantų identifikacijai su skirtingais profesiniais vaidmenimis. Kompleksinis veiksnių sąveikos įvertinimas atskleidė, kad doktorantų profesinio identiteto raiškai tam tikri veiksniai yra svarbūs netiesiogiai, o per... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Yost, Elizabeth Allyne. "Where have all the women gone? exploring gender differences in STEM postdoctoral education /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/yost.pdf.
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Gerhardt, Cleyton Henrique. "Pesquisadores, popula??es locais e ?reas protegidas: entre a instabilidade dos lados e a multiplicidade estrutural das posi??es." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/731.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-30Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
The relationship between local populations and protected areas has been an extremely controversial issue. However, this divergences also extend to the scientific domain, mobilizing the attention of scientists, who are interested both in researching specific aspects and in interfering in public policies related to this issue. If there is indeed a general agreement among specialists, then it is about the fact that the discursive context of this issue is marked by dissension, polyphony and by fierce academic dialogues. Bearing this in mind, I observed this controversial world reflected in the relationships among the scientists who, by operating in the frontiers of political action and scientific research, got involved in this debate. The thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, some interpretative similarities and dissimilarities between authors are analysed and described based on their publications. As I intend to show, antagonisms, oppositions, divergences, but also alliances, agreements and convergences generate, within a wider strength balance marked by different identity/alterity levels, a permanently unstable and inconsistent structural environment. The second part is also divided into two distinct chapters. In the first chapter, I worked on fragments of different social trajectories and life experiences reported by 33 researchers I had the opportunity to interview, which allowed an insight into an extremely heterogeneous set regarding the paths they followed. In the last chapter, I present their observations, reflections, assessments and criticism on some aspects related to policies that target local populations and protected areas.
A rela??o entre popula??es locais e ?reas protegidas ? tema hoje extremamente controvertido no ?mbito cient?fico, mobilizando a aten??o de cientistas interessados tanto em pesquisar quest?es espec?ficas como em interferir em pol?ticas p?blicas a ele direcionadas. Se h? um consenso entre especialistas, ? que estamos diante de um contexto discursivo caracterizado pelo dissenso, pela polifonia e por ?cidos di?logos acad?micos. Diante disso, passei a observar esse universo controvertido que marca a rela??o entre cientistas que, atuando nas fronteiras da a??o pol?tica e da pesquisa cient?fica, se envolveram com este debate. Como tentei mostrar, oposi??es, diverg?ncias, mas, tamb?m, alian?as e converg?ncias geram, dentro de um equil?brio de for?as marcado por planos de identidade/alteridade distintos, um ambiente estrutural inst?vel. Dividi a tese em duas partes. Na primeira, problematizo e descrevo, a partir das suas respectivas publica??es cient?ficas, encontros e desencontros interpretativos protagonizados pelos autores. A segunda parte traz dois cap?tulos. No primeiro, trabalhei com fragmentos de diferentes trajet?rias sociais e experi?ncias de vida relatadas por 33 pesquisadores que tive a oportunidade de entrevistar, o que permitiu visualizar um quadro extremamente heterog?neo quanto ?s trilhas por eles percorridas. No ?ltimo cap?tulo apresento suas observa??es, reflex?es, avalia??es e cr?ticas sobre alguns aspectos relacionados ?s pol?ticas direcionadas ?s popula??es locais e ?reas protegidas. Ao final, al?m de apontar um inconveniente ?tico vinculado ? abordagem do estudo que realizei, reconecto alguns aspectos discutidos ao longo da tese com vistas a indicar o car?ter problem?tico que h? por tr?s da cristaliza??o de controv?rsias cient?ficas fortemente politizadas.
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"Environmental Values, Objectivity, and Advocacy: A Sociological Study of Academic Environmental Scientists." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15140.
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abstract: Professional environmental scientists are increasingly under pressure to inform and even shape policy. Scientists engage policy effectively when they act within the bounds of objectivity, credibility, and authority, yet significant portions of the scientific community condemn such acts as advocacy. They argue that it is nonobjective, that it risks damaging the credibility of science, and that it is an abuse of authority. This means objectivity, credibility, and authority deserve direct attention before the policy advocacy quagmire can be reasonably understood. I investigate the meaning of objectivity in science and that necessarily brings the roles of values in science into question. This thesis is a sociological study of the roles environmental values play in the decisions of environmental scientists working in the institution of academia. I argue that the gridlocked nature of the environmental policy advocacy debates can be traced to what seems to be a deep tension and perhaps confusion among these scientists. I provide empirical evidence of this tension and confusion through the use of in depth semi-structured interviews among a sampling of academic environmental scientists (AES). I show that there is a struggle for these AES to reconcile their support for environmentalist values and goals with their commitment to scientific objectivity and their concerns about being credible scientists in the academy. Additionally, I supplemented my data collection with environmental sociology and history, plus philosophy and sociology of science literatures. With this, I developed a system for understanding values in science (of which environmental values are a subset) with respect to the limits of my sample and study. This examination of respondent behavior provides support that it is possible for AES to act on their environmental values without compromising their objectivity, credibility, and authority. These scientists were not likely to practice this in conversations with colleagues and policy-makers, but were likely to behave this way with students. The legitimate extension of this behavior is a viable route for continuing to integrate the human and social dimensions of environmental science into its practice, its training, and its relationship with policy.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Environmental Social Science 2012
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Kirkendall, London Del. "The possibilities for and limitations on Chinese scientists' involvement in environmental policy-making." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/45010323.html.
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Sprecker, Kimberly J. "Reader perceptions of the credibility of university scientists as sources of environmental news." 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Sun, Jeffrey C. "Intellectual Freedom of Academic Scientists: Cases of Political Challenges Involving Federally Sponsored Research on National Environmental Policies." Thesis, 2012. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85145B0.
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This study contributes to the literature on the academic profession's intellectual freedom. Drawing significantly on two methodological approaches, comparative case study and grounded theory, this dissertation examines three controversies in which government officials challenged academic scientists' federally sponsored research, which had implications for national environmental policies. To structure this examination, I used a two- part framework. For the first part, I investigated the evolving interpretations of events and actors' interests, which revealed the tactics and pressures employed by government officials when challenging the academic scientists' federally sponsored research. For the second part, I used Freidson's theory of professional dominance to help us understand how and in what ways institutionalized arrangements within society supported the academic profession's autonomy and authority over its work. This analysis identified the means by which the academic scientists in my three cases exerted some degree of control over scientific decisions regarding the research assumptions, methods, and analyses of their findings. The study's key findings are presented in the form of five research claims: First, the government challengers may try - sometimes successfully - to exercise their influence over indirect participants in the federally funded research in an attempt to control the dissemination of the federally sponsored research findings. Second, the government challengers, though not scientists themselves, relied heavily on their own judgment to declare publicly the kinds of activities that can and cannot count as legitimate scientific research, rather than relying on the traditional scientific peer-review process. Third, academic scientists may involve members of the public in the dispute. When that happens, the public may help decide whether government officials or academic scientists are better equipped to address the scientific matters associated with the federal policy. Fourth, academic scientists' political allies can support academic scientists' efforts to defend their research within the policymakers' setting. Fifth, academic scientists may assert academic conventions (e.g., peer review) as the standard (or possibly as the preferred) practice through which to evaluate science, even when government challengers question the validity of those conventions. Placed in context of the extant literature, these claims, taken together, suggest that the government officials tried to take actions that exceed their professional competence, specifically as boundary breakers who attempted to infiltrate the jurisdictional responsibilities of the academic scientists. In addition, despite the government officials' attempts to engage in professional boundary-crossing activities, the academic scientists asserted institutionalized practices and standards of the profession (e.g., peer review and open dialogue) and drew on the assistance of external actors (i.e., members of the public and political allies) as countervailing forces to exert control over their research.
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Kierstead, Megan E. "Using Visual Media to Empower Citizen Scientists: A Case Study of the Outsmart App." 2019. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/839.
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To be successful citizen science projects need to do two key things: (1) they need to meaningfully engage the public and they must also provide people with the tools, expertise, and/or training needed to participate in rigorous research that can be used by the scientific community. In some ways, these requirements are potentially at odds. Emphasis on rigor and expertise risks excluding members of the public who do not feel qualified to participate in esoteric or technically difficult scientific research. Conversely, projects that eschew rigorous methods in favor of wider participation might lead to bad data that cannot be used to draw any meaningful conclusions to expand scientific understanding. How then do those who are aiming to design successful citizen science programs create tools and processes that facilitate both active engagement and meaningful scientific results for perceived non-expert researchers?
This paper uses a case study of the Outsmart Invasive Species Project (Outsmart) to explore how visual media shape the experiences of citizen scientists participating in a data collection project. Outsmart uses visual media such as photographs and videos to train users in identifying invasive species, and asks them to submit their own location-tagged pictures to a central database for review by a trained research team. Using ethnographic field observation, we focused on how visual media serve to improve engagement in non-expert Outsmart users by building confidence and expertise. Our work can provide guidance to other citizen science projects in how to best use visual media to empower citizens and improve scientific outcomes.
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(11799496), Alan Bowen-James. "Scientists, knowledge-formation and power: A study of scientific and political discourse in the formation of international environmental policy." Thesis, 1995. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Scientists_knowledge-formation_and_power_A_study_of_scientific_and_political_discourse_in_the_formation_of_international_environmental_policy/17132165.
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This thesis blends philosophy of science, sociology, political science, communications studies and various physical sciences in an attempt to understand how environmental policy is shaped out of the discourse within and between scientific and policy communities. The focus of the exercise is to show how patterns of communication generate communities identified by their discourse; that is to say, how issues and policies shape as well as reflect bodies of knowledge.
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Lemagie, Emily. "Communicating science : developing an exhibit with scientists and educators." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/25900.
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Outreach is a small, but significant component to modern research.
Developing an exhibit for public display can be an effective way to communicate science to broad audiences, although it may be a less familiar method to scientists than writing papers or giving presentations. I outline the process of developing an interactive exhibit for outreach, and evaluate and discuss the effectiveness of a computer exhibit designed to communicate estuary currents and scientific modeling using Olympia Oyster restoration in the Yaquina Bay estuary as a theme. I summarize the results of this project in three primary recommendations: 1) exhibit developers should be deliberate in the decision to use a computer and only select this media if it is determined to be the best for communicating exhibit learning outcomes, 2) the design of visualizations to convey research results should be carefully modified from their scientific forms to best meet the exhibit learning outcomes and expectations of the exhibit audience, and 3) scientists should play an integral role in the development of scientific content-based exhibits, but their expertise, and the range of expertise from other members of the exhibit development team, should be strategically utilized.Graduation date: 2012
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Chen, I.-Chun, and 陳怡君. "Scientism and Environmental Ethics in Science Fiction Films." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75114251356160810178.
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碩士國立臺南大學
生態科學與技術學系環境生態碩士在職專班
102
By Grounded on solid theoretical qualitative research, efforts were made in uncovering the relationship among the technological concept, environmental ethics, and human sustainability after viewing the 38 scientific fiction films (sci-fi movies) that won the 1972-2010 Saturn Awards. The related scientific and technology concept can be divided into two areas: technology can solve all kinds of problems, and the use of technology may also cause new problems. Science and technology to solve problems, including satisfaction of human dreams (Time Machine), dominate the world (strong force), the conquest of space (alien colonization), superb skills can combine machine and human, body repair, save lives; technology can resolve the major crisis, such as the asteroid impact and alien invasion, construction technology utopian world, mankind lived a carefree and do not let the lack of a perfect life. Technology creates new problems have led to serious environmental pollution and global warming, extreme weather anomalies, reduce biodiversity, overpopulation, lack of resources or uneven distribution, public unrest, such as corruption Science and technology can fulfill the dreams of mankind (Time Machine), dominate the world (strong force), and conquer space (alien colonization). Superb skill in medicine can repair human body, save lives via the combination of machine and body parts. Technology can resolve major crises, such as small planets hitting earth and alien invasion. Technology can build the ultimate utopian for mankind to lead a perfect carefree and adequate life. However, the use of technology accelerated new issues such as serious global warming, pollution, abnormal climate, biodiversity decreases, overpopulation, resource shortage and uneven distribution, and public unrest. All films presented human-centered environmental ethics. Human beings are considered owners of the natural world, who self-servingly meet their own needs in the exploitation of mineral, engage in arbitrary killing other species, pollute rivers, and arbitrarily discard waste. Some films (4) expanded its ethics beyond human beings to other living beings (life-centered ethics), showing their concerns on other living organisms, such as rescuing the small laboratory animals or showing sympathy to the fish being eaten. The one film that expanded into ecological-centered ethics is "Avatar". It displays its concern for the whole ecosystem, recognizes that human is part of the ecology, understands that energy flow needs the entire ecosystem and living beings to complete jointly, and shows its attitude in the prudent use of natural resources to ensure sustainability. Related to the crisis of sustainability, the films showed two angles, from outer space or from human behavior. Meteorite impact and alien invasion are from outer space. Those from human behaviors include "human-centered environmental ethics", "misuse of resources", and "Technology’s harm to the environment" which caused resource shortage, counterattack by intelligent machines, and environmental destruction. In all, the films suggest that the highly developed science and technology cannot guarantee the sustainability of human civilization, and the unjust use of environmental resources is the main cause of the demise of civilization. Only with the symbiosis of technology and ecology, the ethics of friendly care for the environment, and the pursuit of contemporary and intergenerational justice, can the sustainable development of human civilization be given a chance.
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Frickel, Scott. "Disciplining environmentalism : opportunity structures, scientist activism, and the rise of genetic toxicology, 1941-1976 /." Diss., 2000. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Peterson, Cheryl. "Mentored Engagement of Secondary Science Students, Plant Scientists, and Teachers in an Inquiry-Based Online Learning Environment." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11644.
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PlantingScience (PS) is a unique web-based learning system designed to develop secondary students' scientific practices and proficiencies as they engage in hands-on classroom investigations while being mentored online by a scientist. Some students' teachers had the opportunity to attend PS professional development (PD). In this dissertation, I developed a process of assessing student learning outcomes associated with their use of this system and evaluated inquiry engagement within this system.
First, I developed a valid and reliable instrument (Online Elements of Inquiry Checklist; OEIC) to measure participants' (students, scientists, and teachers) engagement in scientific practices and proficiencies embedded within an inquiry cycle I collaborated with an expert-group to establish the OEIC's construct and content validities. An inter-rater reliability coefficient of 0.92 was established by scientists and a split half analysis was used to determine the instruments' internal consistency (Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.96).
Next, I used the OEIC to evaluate inquiry cycle engagement by the participants who used the PS online platform designed by the Botanical Society of America which facilitated communication between participants. Students provided more evidence of engagement in the earlier phases of an inquiry cycle. Scientists showed a similar trend but emphasized experimental design and procedures. Teachers rarely engaged online. Exemplary students' outcomes followed similar inquiry cycle trends, but with more evidence of engagement with one notable difference. Exemplary students provided evidence for extensive engagement in immersion activities, implicating immersion as a crucial component of successful inquiry cycle engagement.
I also compared engagement outcomes of students whose teachers attended the PD experience to the students of teachers who did not attend PD. Differences found between the two groups occurred throughout the inquiry cycle, typically associated with experiences provided during the PD.
As a result of this research I have several recommendations about revisions to the PS online platform and use of approaches to assure students development of scientific practices and proficiencies. The recommendations include additional scaffolding of the platform, explicit inquiry cycle instruction, and continued opportunities for teachers to engage in PD experiences provided by PS.
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"Study of the scientific reasoning methods: Identifying the salient reasoning characteristics exhibited by engineers and scientists in an R&D environment." PEPPERDINE UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3282285.
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Lee, Mu-Chun, and 李牧蒓. "The Effects of a Scientist Conducted Environmental Education Program : A Study on the Summer Camp for Teachers at Chi-Lan Mountain Site." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09146754035689265154.
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碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
99
This research is to explore the effects of a residential environmental education programs on the environmental literacy of teachers. In this research, the researcher used nonequivalent control-group design, with experimental group (n=50) and control group (n=61). Questionnaires were used in pre-test, post-test and follow-up test to explore the course immediate and sustained effect four months later. The results of covariance analysis show that environmental sensitivity, environmental responsibility, intention to conservation behavior, locus of control, environmental attitudes, environmental hope, and knowledge of environmental issues have been significantly improved. The T-tests show environmental sensitivity, environmental responsibility, locus of control, environmental hope and knowledge of environmental issues have persistent effects.
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Nguyen, Thuy Lien. "Tone at The Top: The Influence of Ceo Personal Characteristics On Corporate Financial Reporting and Environmental Responsibility." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120899.
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This thesis examines the impact of personal managerial characteristics on the decision making of chief executives (CEOs) at a corporate level. The research suggests executives’ personal philanthropy and educational backgrounds have a potent effect on corporate malfeasance in financial reporting and corporate environmental engagement and performance. My thesis is comprised of two studies. The first study explores the impact of CEO personal altruism on corporate malfeasance in financial reporting. The results show that firms run by CEOs with altruistic preferences, as captured by their stock donations, are less likely to commit financial fraud and exhibit lower levels of real and accrual-based earnings manipulation. These effects are more pronounced for CEOs who do not backdate when making stock donations and who donate stocks outside the tax season. The results are robust to a battery of endogeneity checks, including examining the effect of CEO turnovers, using difference-in-difference models, and applying an instrumental variable approach. Overall, the results suggest that personal altruism of managers has a disciplining effect on corporate malfeasance in financial reporting. Subsequently, the next chapter addresses potential measurement error of personal managerial altruism and extends the research of the effect of CEO altruism on the readability of a firm’s annual financial report. Similar conclusions are obtained when proxying CEO altruism by five alternative measures other than CEO stock donations. Further, the results also show that financial reports are more comprehendible for firms with altruistic CEOs. Building on the theories of familiarity and self-efficacy, the second study investigates the relationship between CEO educational background in science and MBA degrees, and corporate environmental responsibility. Using a sample of S&P 1500 firms, this research conducts difference-in-difference analyses utilizing CEO turnovers to highlight the impacts of CEOs backgrounds on corporate environmental ratings and performance. The results show that science-educated CEOs take greater environmental risks rather than refraining from investing in environmental strengths which result in lower overall environmental CSR ratings. Conversely, CEO holdings MBA degrees outperform non-MBA CEOs in overall environmental CSR performance because MBA CEOs are more risk-averse in taking additional environmental risks. The overall findings document that CEO educational background may be a potent predictor of differences in corporate environmental engagement and performance.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2019
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Rosa, Michel Fernandes da. "Os Atingidos de Belo Monte: experiências de sofrimento e agravos à saúde no contexto de um megaprojeto hidroelétrico na Amazônia brasileira." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/31193.
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Tese de doutoramento em Sociologia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraA presente tese consiste em um estudo sociológico a partir do caso da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte, em construção no Estado do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi dedicar um olhar para a questão da saúde a partir da perspectiva das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto hidroelétrico. O trabalho inicia com uma apresentação do histórico dos projetos de barramento do rio Xingu, em meados dos anos 1970. Dos primeiros estudos da bacia hidrográfica do Xingu até o início da obra de Belo Monte passaram-se aproximadamente trinta anos e, durante esse período, muitas polémicas e disputas envolveram as populações atingidas, políticos, intelectuais, artistas, cientistas, ativistas e movimentos sociais. Também é discutido nesta tese o modelo de desenvolvimento económico brasileiro, para se compreender como se dá a opção pela construção de grandes projetos de infraestrutura, como é o caso de Belo Monte. A partir dessa primeira abordagem ao megaprojeto, passo a dar ênfase à perspectiva das populações atingidas por Belo Monte. Para tanto, foi necessário, primeiramente, conhecer melhor o universo de populações atingidas, compostas por populações urbanas, rurais, comunidades ribeirinhas e indígenas. Através do trabalho empírico realizado em Brasília/DF e Altamira/PA, foi possível conhecer e reconhecer a diversidade dessas populações e, assim identificar algumas questões importantes que não foram objeto de debate com o poder público e o empreendedor. É o que Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) chama de produções de não existência, ou invisibilidades. A utilização da matriz teórica das epistemologias do Sul (Santos, 2002) permitiu o reconhecimento dessas invisibilidades, isto é, permitiu ver como as alterações no ambiente e nos modos de vidas das populações atingidas por Belo Monte afetam a saúde e a qualidade de vida destas. É a partir dessa lente que se dedica o olhar para a saúde das populações atingidas, e a problematização dessa questão é realizada nesta tese tendo como protagonistas as próprias populações atingidas. Assim foi identificado como um dos problemas relevantes decorrentes da construção da Usina Hidroelétrica Belo Monte a relação entre o sofrimento sentido pelas populações atingidas e o surgimento de agravos à saúde. O sofrimento difuso é um conceito desenvolvido por Valla (2001) que será discutido nesta tese na medida em que é constatado como uma consequência de Belo Monte invisibilizada. Isto porque não foi previsto ou discutido como uma possibilidade, nem no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), nem no seu respectivo Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (Rima). Também não foi percebido como uma situação merecedora de atenção por parte do órgão fiscalizador responsável pela conceção das licenças que permitiram Belo Monte ser construída, o Ibama. Ainda, a relação entre o sofrimento e os agravos à saúde das populações atingidas não foi alvo de políticas públicas na área da saúde pública. Dessa forma, pretende este trabalho contribuir para a discussão sobre a saúde das populações atingidas pelo megaprojeto Belo Monte, a partir do reconhecimento das populações atingidas como detentoras e produtoras de conhecimento relevante. ~This thesis consists of a sociological study from the case of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, under construction in the State of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this study was to dedicate a look at the issue of health from the perspective of the people affected by hydroelectric megaproject. The work begins with a presentation of the history of the Xingu River dam projects in the mid-1970s From the first studies of the watershed of the Xingu to the early work of Belo Monte it took about thirty years and during this period, many controversies and disputes involving the populations concerned, politicians, intellectuals, artists, scientists, activists and social movements. It is also discussed in this thesis the Brazilian model of economic development, to understand how is the option for the construction of large infrastructure projects, such as the case of Belo Monte. From this first approach to megaproject, then I give emphasis to the perspective of populations affected by Belo Monte. Therefore, it was necessary, firstly, to know the universe of affected populations, composed of urban, rural populations, coastal communities and indigenous people. Through the empirical work done in Brasilia / DF and Altamira / PA, it was possible to know and recognize the diversity of these populations and thus identify some important issues that were not subject to discussion with the government and the entrepreneur. It's what Boaventura de Sousa Santos (2006) calls invisibilities. Using the theoretical framework of South epistemologies (Santos, 2002) allowed the recognition of these invisibilities, allowed to see how changes in the environment and ways of life of the populations affected by Belo Monte affect the health and quality of life of that people. It is from this lens that is dedicated to looking at the health of the populations, and the questioning of this issue is carried out in this thesis having as protagonists the affected populations themselves. Thus it was identified as one of the relevant issues arising from the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Plant the relationship between the suffering experienced by the affected populations and the emergence of health problems. The diffuse suffering is a concept developed by Valla (2001) which will be discussed in this thesis since it is found as a result of Belo Monte. This is because it was not planned or discussed as a possibility, or the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), or in their respective Environmental Impact Report (RIMA). It was also not perceived as a worthy position of attention by the supervisory body responsible for the design of the licenses that allowed Belo Monte is built, the Ibama. Also, the relationship between suffering and health problems of the affected population was not the target of public policies in the field of public health. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the discussion on the health of populations affected by Belo Monte mega-project, from the recognition of the people affected as having relevant knowledge.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Nº BEX 1749-13-7