Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental sample analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental sample analysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Lopez-Avila, Viorica. "Sample Preparation for Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 29, no. 3 (September 1999): 195–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408349891199392.

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Ramos, L., J. J. Ramos, and U. A. Th Brinkman. "Miniaturization in sample treatment for environmental analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 381, no. 1 (December 16, 2004): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2906-5.

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Krull, Ira S. "Sample preparation for biomedical and environmental analysis." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 663, no. 2 (January 1995): 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(95)90185-x.

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Namieśnik, Jacek, and Waldemar Wardencki. "Solventless Sample Preparation Techniques in Environmental Analysis." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(20000401)23:4<297::aid-jhrc297>3.0.co;2-j.

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Morales-Muñoz, S., J. L. Luque-García, and M. D. Luque de Castro. "Approaches for Accelerating Sample Preparation in Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (October 2003): 391–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643380390244986.

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Plastiras, Orfeas-Evangelos, Eleni Deliyanni, and Victoria Samanidou. "Applications of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Environmental Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073028.

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Sample preparation is an essential and preliminary procedure of most chemical analyses. Due to the sample diversity, the selection of appropriate adsorbents for the effective preparation and separation of different samples turned out to be important for the methods. By exploiting the rapid development of material science, some novel adsorption materials, especially graphene-based nanomaterials, have shown supremacy in sample pretreatment. In this review, a discussion between these nanomaterials will be made, as well as some basic information about their synthesis. The focus will be on the different environmental applications that use these materials.
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Haraguchi, Hiroki, and Kin-ich Tsunoda. "Application of plasma emission spectrometry to environmental sample analysis." Japan journal of water pollution research 8, no. 12 (1985): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2965/jswe1978.8.766.

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Armenta, C. E., E. R. Gonzáles, J. A. Herrera, Alexander A. Plionis, and D. S. Peterson. "Rapid environmental analysis using molten salt fusion sample preparation." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0038.

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Abstract For the analysis of the isotopic composition of environmental samples, including transuranic materials there are many methods that exist. This paper describes the development of a high throughput method, which involves dissolving a soil into an aqueous matrix, producing a homogenous mixture, and separating radionuclides to enable the identification of specific isotopes. A standard method was modified via changes in oxidation, chemical exchange, decomposition, or rearrangements to form constituents that are more soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. To accomplish this, a molten-salt fusion, dissolution in dilutes nitric or hydrochloric acids, with subsequent separation using ion exchange, direct deposition, and counting by alpha-spectrometry was used. This method is ideal for silicate samples, but can be modified to accommodate more complex soil samples.
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Ribeiro, Cláudia, Ana Rita Ribeiro, Alexandra S. Maia, Virgínia M. F. Gonçalves, and Maria Elizabeth Tiritan. "New Trends in Sample Preparation Techniques for Environmental Analysis." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 44, no. 2 (January 8, 2014): 142–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2013.833850.

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Sabzian, M., M. N. Nasrabadi, and M. Haji-Hosseini. "Extraction and quantification system for environmental radioxenon sample analysis." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 182 (February 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.11.035.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Barnabas, Ian Joseph. "Sample preparation in environmental organic analysis." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245205.

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Do, Lan. "New tools for sample preparation and instrumental analysis of dioxins in environmental samples." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-70218.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), two groups of structurally related chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, are of high concern due to their global distribution and extreme toxicity. Since they occur at very low levels, their analysis is complex, challenging and hence there is a need for efficient, reliable and rapid alternative analytical methods. Developing such methods was the aim of the project this thesis is based upon. During the first years of the project the focus was on the first parts of the analytical chain (extraction and clean-up). A selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) procedure was developed, involving in-cell clean-up to remove bulk co-extracted matrix components from sample extracts. It was further streamlined by employing a modular pressurized liquid extraction (M-PLE) system, which simultaneously extracts, cleans up and isolates planar PCDD/Fs in a single step. Both methods were validated using a wide range of soil, sediment and sludge reference materials. Using dichloromethane/n-heptane (DCM/Hp; 1/1, v/v) as a solvent, results statistically equivalent to or higher than the reference values were obtained, while an alternative, less harmful non-chlorinated solvent mixture - diethyl ether/n-heptane (DEE/Hp; 1/2, v/v) – yielded data equivalent to those values. Later, the focus of the work shifted to the final instrumental analysis. Six gas chromatography (GC) phases were evaluated with respect to their chromatographic separation of not just the 17 most toxic congeners (2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs), but all 136 tetra- to octaCDD/Fs. Three novel ionic liquid columns performed much better than previously tested commercially available columns. Supelco SLB-IL61 offered the best overall performance, successfully resolving 106 out of the 136 compounds, and 16 out of the 17 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs. Another ionic liquid (SLB-IL111) column provided complementary separation. Together, the two columns separated 128 congeners. The work also included characterization of 22 GC columns’ selectivity and solute-stationary phase interactions. The selectivities were mapped using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of all 136 PCDD/F’s retention times on the columns, while the interactions were probed by analyzing both the retention times and the substances’ physicochemical properties.
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Ying, Lishi. "An automated direct sample insertion-inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for environmental sample analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq39610.pdf.

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Kappel, C. "An environmental and behavioural analysis of arson in a Danish sample." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3023901/.

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Background: Despite its significance as a costly and destructive criminal behaviour, there appears to be some consensus that we know relatively little about arson compared to many other areas of criminal behaviour. Moreover, most existing theory and research into arson has come from the USA, and has tended to concentrate on profiling the characteristics of offenders, rather than investigating, at least in any detail, features of the environment that may influence their behaviour. Aim: The main aim and overarching theme of the current thesis was, therefore, to describe and evaluate some of the main demographic and biographical characteristics, offence related behaviours, and environmental factors associated with arson, in a sample of arson offenders from a European country. Methods: Six empirical studies were conducted, each based on cases drawn from a sample of 746 cases committed by 540 offenders from Denmark between 2002 and 2010 in two police districts, one rural and one urban. Studies 1 and 2 examined a range of demographic and biographical characteristics of arson offenders (such as, gender and age); Studies 3 and 4 covered offence related behaviours (such as selection of targets, and travel distances), and employed regression analyses to look specifically at how these were predicted by other offence related and demographic and biographical variables. Study 5 then investigated the prediction of serial offending as an indicator of arson recidivism using the above demographic and biographical variables and offence related variables. Finally, Study 6 attempted to employ a new approach, via Google Earth, to examine the influence of a range of architectural and structural features of the environment on arson offending; these included 2 targets, presence of high rise buildings, territorial markers, population density and maintenance. Results and Discussion: Findings supported previous literature in identifying the typical arsonist as a young male offender; however, the results further suggested three possible divergent trends in the data corresponding to different categories of arson offender: 1) a more frequent opportunistic arsonist; 2) a less frequent, but more serious, often more persistent serial offender, and 3) a category of mainly female offenders who are less likely to be serial offenders but who may be reacting to dysfunctional home environments. Importantly, in relation to the latter finding, a bimodal peak in age emerged in the subgroup of female offenders, identifying a younger group of female offenders in their mid and late teen years and an older subgroup of female offenders in their late thirties and early forties. Another notable finding was that young male offenders who were not at school were particularly at risk for becoming serial offenders, suggesting that young males not attending school could be targeted in terms of prevention of persistent arson. Also, as predictors of arson, a number of environmental variables were significant and in line with predictions (for example, arson was more prevalant where there were vacant buildings, and very significantly, where the nearest police station was farthest away), but others were significant in a direction opposite to predictions (high building density was associated with lower rates of arson), and some potentially important predicted relationships failed to emerge as significant predictors (such as territorial markers). In addition to the above, two other major findings emerged. First, whilst it was possible be to predict crime scene behaviours from other crime scene behaviours with some degree of accuracy, and, similarly, demographic behaviours (like previous arson) from other demographic factors, predicting crime scene behaviours from demographic factors and vice versa proved to be considerably more difficult. In contrast, in terms of having 3 maximum impact on arson rates the environmental variables considered here did a relatively good job of predicting the presence of arson. A number of limitations and implications are also discussed. Conclusion Considering the results as a whole, notwithstanding some success in predicting arson from demographic and offence related variables, it is concluded that an extension of the kind of environmental approach explored in this thesis could potentially be used for developing environmental schemes for arson prevention that might be considerably easier to apply, and perhaps even more effective in reducing arson, than targeting 'at risk' groups of individuals.
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Lam, Rebecca. "Investigation of two solid sample introduction techniques for the analysis of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102993.

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In this thesis, new approaches to direct trace metals analysis of solid samples by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy were investigated using laser ablation and thermal vaporization systems for solid sample introduction of biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples.
Laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to pharmaceutical tablets. Precision of analysis depended on laser parameters and could be improved using signal ratios. The feasibility of using laser ablation-ICP-MS for detecting natural levels of mercury along a single human hair strand was also demonstrated.
As well, the use of an induction-heating electrothermal vaporizer (IH-ETV) coupled to an ICP-MS was successful in determining mercury concentrations in a single human hair strand. Methodologies for multielement analysis of powdered hair were also explored using IH-ETV-ICP-MS. While calibration by reference hair materials showed promise, calibration methods by liquid standards were not suitable for any element. Detection limits achieved for most elements were below natural levels found in human hair.
IH-ETV-ICP-AES was also applied to the analysis of analyze-laden chromatographic powder. This study showed potential problems that may arise due to the methodology taken to analyze such materials. Finally, recommendations for future investigations and methodologies for laser ablation and thermal vaporization are discussed.
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Mesa, Rodolfo. "Simplifying Sample Preparation using Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction: Analysis of Trace Targeted Pollutant Residues in Environmental, Biological and Food Samples." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3513.

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Sample preparation is an essential component of analytical methods in chemistry. It is not only necessary but also presents an opportunity to increase the effectiveness of the method significantly. There are various commercially available technologies for sample preparation, including numerous variations of LLE, SPE, and SPME. However, these technologies all present significant deficiencies, including the inability to extract directly from complex samples such as whole milk. Instrumental analysis has been improved greatly in the last two decades but still is not applicable to complex samples without sample preparation. This work presents the theory of FPSE, including the synthesis of sol-gel sorbents, coating of FPSE cellulose substrates and the mechanism of retention. Original research data presented herein introduce a comprehensive view on possible applications of FPSE in forensic chemistry and otherwise. Five distinct FPSE-based methods were rigorously developed for analysis of targeted pollutant residues. These methods were validated and compare to leading methods published in peer-reviewed literature quite favorably. Four of the methods were coupled to HPLC-UV and designed for trace or ultra-trace analysis of PAHs, BTEX, substituted phenols and nitroaromatic explosives, respectively. An additional FPSE-based method was developed and validated for direct analysis of BPA and five estrogenic EDCs in commercially purchased whole milk. This latter was coupled to both HPLC-UV and HPLC(QQQ)-MS/MS. The applicability of FPSE(PTHF) media was also tested for screening of aqueous samples and subsequent storage of analytes on the sorbent. My study included simultaneous extraction of a mixture of eight forensically significant compounds with various physicochemical properties and effective storage of each compound in frozen and ambient conditions for 32 weeks. These findings suggest that the storage ability of FPSE media can be extended as long as necessary, which is very significant in forensic laboratories where evidence often needs to be stored in a costly manner that may not be as effective in maintaining the chemical composition of the sample.
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Mmualefe, Lesego Cecilia. "Sample preparation for pesticide analysis in water and sediments a case study of the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005006.

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This thesis presents a first ever extensive analysis of pesticides in water and sediments from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, employing green sample preparation techniques that require small volumes of organic solvents hence generating negligible volumes of organic solvent waste. Pesticides were extracted and pre-concentrated from water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) while supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) were employed for sediments. Subsequent analysis was carried out on a gas chromatograph with electron capture detection and analytes were unequivocally confirmed by high resolution mass spectrometric detection. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-chlordane, 4,4′-DDD and 4,4′-DDE were detected after optimized HS-SPME in several water samples from the lower Delta at concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 61.4 μg L-1 that are much higher than the 0.1 μg L-1 maximum limit of individual organochlorine pesticides in drinking water set by the European Community Directive. The same samples were cleaned with ISOLUTE C18 SPE sorbent with an optimal acetone/n-hexane (1:1 v/v) mixture for the elution of analytes. No pesticides were detected after SPE clean-up and pre-concentration. HCB, aldrin and 4, 4‟-DDT were identified in sediments after SFE at concentration ranges of 1.1 - 30.3, 0.5 – 15.2 and 1.4 – 55.4 μg/g, respectively. There was an increase of pesticides concentrations in the direction of water flow from the Panhandle (point of entry) to the lower delta. DDE, fatty acids and phthalates were detected after PFE with optimized extraction solvent and temperature. The presence of DDT metabolites in the water and sediments from the Okavango Delta confirm historical exposure to the pesticide. However their cumulative concentration increase in the water-flow direction calls for further investigation of point sources for the long-term preservation of the Delta. The green sample preparation techniques and low toxicity solvents employed in this thesis are thus recommended for routine environmental monitoring exercises.
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Ahlgren, Joakim. "Organic Phosphorus Compounds in Aquatic Sediments : Analysis, Abundance and Effects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Analytical Chemistry, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6701.

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Phosphorus (P) is often the limiting nutrient in lacustrine and brackish eco-systems, and enhanced input of P into an aquatic system might therefore negatively impact the environment. Because modern waste water manage-ment have reduced external P input to surface waters, internal P loading from the sediment has become one of the main P sources to aquatic ecosys-tems, in which relatively unknown organic P compounds seem to be more active in P recycling than previously thought.

This thesis focus is on improving analysis methods for organic P com-pounds in lacustrine and brackish sediments, as well as determining which of these compounds might be degraded, mobilized and subsequently recycled to the water column and on what temporal scale this occur. In both lacustrine and brackish environments, the most labile P compound was pyrophosphate, followed by different phosphate diesters. Phosphate monoesters were the least labile organic P compounds and degraded the slowest with sediment depth. In regulated lakes, it was shown that pyrophosphate and polyphos-phate compound groups were most related to lake trophic status, thus indi-cating their involvement in P cycling. This thesis also indicates faster P turn-over in sediment from the brackish environment compared to sediment from the lacustrine environment.

A comparison of organic P extraction procedures showed that pre-extraction with EDTA, and NaOH as main extractant, was most efficient for total P extraction. Using buffered sodium dithionite (BD) as a pre-extractant and NaOH as main extractant was most efficient for extracting the presuma-bly most labile organic P compound groups, pyrophosphate and polyphos-phate. Furthermore, it was determined that organic P compounds associated with humic substances were more recalcitrant than other P compounds, that the BD step used in traditional P fractionation might extract phosphate monoesters, and that NMR is a statistically valid method for quantification of organic P compounds in sediment extracts.

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LIMA, ANA P. de S. "Avaliacao do impacto de uma atividade garimpeira no municipio de Cachoeira do Piria, Estado do Para." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11220.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP
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杜國良 and Kwok-leung Dao. "Development of sample decomposition methods, preconcentration techniques and separation methods for high performance liquidchromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants and industrialwastes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233545.

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Books on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Stevenson, D., and I. D. Wilson, eds. Sample Preparation for Biomedical and Environmental Analysis. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1328-9.

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Moreda-Piñeiro, Antonio. Analytical chemistry of cadmium: Sample pre-treatment and determination methods. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Johnson, C. I. Evaluation of split sample survey results for pulp and paper related chlorinated phenolic compounds. Vegreville, AB: Alberta Environmental Centre, 1993.

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Pustovaya, Larisa, and Besik Meshi. Methods and devices of environmental control. Environmental monitoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058966.

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The textbook is designed to meet the need for a highly specialized set of professional knowledge necessary for the training of highly qualified personnel of environmental specialties. The presented material allows us to get an idea of the organization and effective implementation of environmental monitoring, the organization of industrial environmental control and management, the analysis of characteristics and changes of objects of economic activity using the necessary methods and means of such research. The basic principles of sampling and sample preparation, modern methods and means of environmental monitoring, the basics of metrological and laboratory-analytical support for environmental control are described. The training material is accompanied by up-to-date references to the current legislative framework of the Russian Federation. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and the current bachelor's degree program in the areas of training "Technosphere Safety", "Biotechnical systems and Technologies". It can be useful and interesting for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, as well as teachers specializing in environmental safety.
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Tadeo, José L. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples. Edited by Jose L. Tadeo. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351047081.

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Tadeo, Jose L. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples. London: Taylor and Francis, 2008.

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Adams, Tamara Jo. Diazinon residues: Laboratory methods for analysis of environmental samples. Bellingham, Wash: Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington University, 1987.

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Selected methods of trace metal analysis: Biological and environmental samples. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Instrumental element and multi-element analysis of plant samples: Methods and applications. Chichester: John Wiley, 1996.

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Martin, Paul. Routine analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides in environmental samples by alpha-particle spectrometry. Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Mitra, Somenath, Pradyot Patnaik, and Barbara B. Kebbekus. "Sample Preparation Techniques." In Environmental Chemical Analysis, 191–215. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] | Previous edition by B.B. Kebbekus and S. Mitra.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458200-6.

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Hii, Toh Ming, and Hian Kee Lee. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Environmental Analysis." In Handbook of Sample Preparation, 39–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813823621.ch3.

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Patnaik, Pradyot. "Extraction of Organic Pollutants and Sample Cleanup." In Handbook of Environmental Analysis, 35–40. Third edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315151946-5.

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Barahona, Francisco, Esther Turiel, and Antonio Martín-Esteban. "Sample Handling of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples." In Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples, 41–72. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351047081-2.

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Clement, Ray E., and Chunyan Hao. "Sample Preparation Techniques for Environmental Organic Pollutant Analysis." In Handbook of Sample Preparation, 247–65. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780813823621.ch14.

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Santelli, R. E., R. J. Cassella, M. A. Z. Arruda, and J. A. Nóbrega. "Modern Strategies for Environmental Sample Preparation and Analysis." In Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical and Subtropical Environments, 37–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07060-4_5.

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Loconto, Paul R. "Sample Preparation Techniques to Isolate and Recover Organics and Inorganics." In Trace Environmental Quantitative Analysis, 123–314. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003010609-3.

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Loconto, Paul R. "Sample Preparation Techniques to Isolate and Recover Organics and Inorganics." In Trace Environmental Quantitative Analysis, 123–314. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003010609-3.

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Dahlgren, Randy A., Kenneth W. Tate, and Dylan S. Ahearn. "Watershed Scale, Water Quality Monitoring-Water Sample Collection." In Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook, 547–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471473332.ch25.

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CHIRILA, ELISABETA S., CAMELIA DRAGHICI, and SIMONA DOBRINAS. "SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS." In Chemicals as Intentional and Accidental Global Environmental Threats, 7–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5098-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Tanjung, Zulfikar Achmad, Redi Aditama, Widyartini Made Sudania, Condro Utomo, and Tony Liwang. "Metatranscriptomics workflow analysis from environmental sample of fungi." In TOWARDS THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT: FROM BASIC TO APPLIED RESEARCH: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953539.

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Lee, Vincent Y., and Stuart Farquharson. "SERS sample vials based on sol-gel process for trace pesticide analysis." In Environmental and Industrial Sensing, edited by Yud-Ren Chen and Shu-I. Tu. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.418724.

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Kruzelecky, Roman V., Brian Wong, Jing Zou, Emile Haddad, Wes Jamroz, Edward Cloutis, Nadeem Ghafoor, Sean Jessen, and Gita Ravindran. "In Situ Planetary Resource Exploration using Miniature Robotic Subsurface Sample Analysis." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2528.

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Tychkov, Vladimir, Ruslana Trembovetskaya, Tatyana Kisil, and Yulia Bondarenko. "Using Ion-selective Electrodes in Environmental Monitoring." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.052.

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Environmental monitoring is an integral part of environmental protection. Control of hazardous substances wastewater occurs both in the laboratory and on-site sampling. The paper provides a method of injection analysis, which is used in data-measuring systems control the parameters of chemical and technological processes using flow-injection method. The method involves sequential injection analysis of the liquid sample supply for the hydraulic lines in the flow measuring channel slot detector. The detector is equipped with two solid-state heterogeneous ion-selective electrodes. Before measuring the detector further comprising sample preparation and filtration of samples. The estimation of the uncertainty of the measuring system with the use of ion-selective electrodes one of which performs the function of the measuring electrode, while the second an auxiliary. The ultrasonic sample preparation technique, which reduces the impact of uncertainty on the stage of sampling and preparation of samples for analysis is designed. The use of ultrasonic sample preparation directly into the stream allowed expanding the use of flow-injection analysis and reducing the time to control the quality of the process water.
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Kruzelecky, Roman V., Brian Wong, Emile Haddad, Wes Jamroz, Edward Cloutis, Nadeem Ghafoor, and Sean Jessen. "Inukshuk Landed Robotic Canadian Mission to Mars using a Miniature Sample Analysis Lab for Planetary Mineralogy and Microbiology." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3104.

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Childers, Jeffrey W., Nancy K. Wilson, and Ruth K. Barbour. "Analysis Of Environmental Air Sample Extracts By Gas Chromatography/Matrix Isolation-Infrared Spectrometry." In Intl Conf on Fourier and Computerized Infrared Spectroscopy, edited by David G. Cameron. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.969628.

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Comby, A., D. Descamps, S. Petit, V. Blanchet, and Y. Mairesse. "Fast optical determination of enantiomeric excess using photoelectron elliptical dichroism." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2022.lth4e.3.

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We present a solution based on intense laser-matter interaction that is able to determine quickly and accurately the enantiomeric excess (99.8% accuracy in 3 min) for a large set of chiral chemical sample.
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Ondrejka Harbulakova, Vlasta, Adriana Estokova, Michaela Smolakova, and Martina Kovalcikova. "Mathematical Investigation of Concrete Corrosion – a Sustainability Study." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.038.

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The issue of sustainability is a major spur to innovation in the flied of civil engineering where the important role is decreasing the detrimental effects on environment and save raw materials and energy. Micro silica is a by-product of the industrial manufacture of ferrosilicon and metallic silicon in high temperature electric arc furnaces and is used as an additive for improving concrete properties. The paper presents the results of chemical corrosion and bio-corrosion tests on concrete samples with 5% addition of microsilica as well as on concrete samples with only Portland cement. Chemical corrosion, simulated by sulphuric acid with pH of 4.2, and bio-corrosion, simulated by sulphur-oxidising bacteria Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, were investigated in terms of basic concrete’s elements leachability. Dissolved amounts of Si and Ca due to both chemical attack and biocorrosion were measured in the period of 3 months. The leaching trends were analysed using a mathematical approach for better interpretation of the results. The correlation analysis confirmed the different leaching trends comparing bio-corrosion and chemical corrosion processes. A high dependency was observed between leaching of Ca and Si from concretes prepared with ordinary cement. In case of concrete sample with microsilica addition no correlation was found out.
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Yoshikawa, Hideki, Kenichi Ueno, Takashi Honda, Shingo Yamaguchi, and Mikazu Yui. "Analysis of the Excavated Archaeological Iron Using Xray-CT." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4776.

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In order to evaluate the long-term corrosion behavior of carbon steel, we investigated the rust of archaeological iron buried in soil. It is difficult to obtain experimental data of the long-term corrosion in the laboratory. However, it is possible to obtain corrosion data over several hundred years by using archaeological iron and to develop a reliable model for the long-term corrosion behavior by using such natural analogue data. Since these archaeological samples are very rare and important, we can not get agreement to destroy it for analysis. The rust of the sample has been analyzed no-destructively and quantitatively using high-power X-ray computed tomography. The X-ray strength was developed in the two-demensional image. We observed a rust layer distinct from the inner iron metal as a main body by using X-ray map element concentration. A mass-balance quantity of rust calculation was performed from the amount of corroded layer. A sample of axe which was excavated in the Izumo-Taisha-ruin (Shimane prefecture) was analyzed by using the method. The region in Izumo is famous as the production area of the iron from ancient times in Japan. The axe is traditional Japanese type, made of iron, and probably used for a foundation ceremony of the building. The sample has been buried under the column of the shrine and enveloped by clay. It is assumed that the axe remained under reducing conditions until its discovery in 2001 for about 750 years. We have also investigated the corrosion of the gas pipe buried in the soil in several decades as natural analogue study. By the comparison of these data with the corrosion data of water pipe (cast iron) buried in clay soil at most for 100 year, the results of this study do not exceed the extrapolated pitting corrosion depth based on the corrosion depth of the cast iron pipe.
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Jeon, Jong Seon, Ki Chul Jung, Sang Gyu Park, Tae Hyun Kim, and Jae Min Lee. "Analysis on Uranium Isotope in the Facilities of Nuclear Fuel Materials Using Depleted Uranium." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7160.

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This study checked the degree of contamination of depleted uranium used as a chemical catalyst in the manufacturing process within the facilities of nuclear fuel materials to analyze the environmental sample for abandoning their industrial factory sites and investigated how many times of contamination were made compared to (natural) abundance of isotopes if contamination was made within the facilities. In order to analyze the degree of uranium contamination, the researcher of this study divided the upper and lower parts of 20 points from the surface of the earth within the factory site made of concrete and extracted 40 samples from the surface of the earth and 15 samples for checking air and surface water contamination. The study checked the concentration of uranium existing in small quantity in the samples by liquefying a large amount of samples using pre-treatable acid percolation.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental sample analysis"

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Brandt, C. C., S. B. Benson, and D. A. Beeler. Technical management plan for sample generation, analysis, and data review for Phase 2 of the Clinch River Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161915.

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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Fast, practical, and effective approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7695587.bard.

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Background to the topic: For food safety and security reasons, hundreds of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental pollutants should be monitored in the food supply, but current methods are too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. As a result, only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop fast, practical, and effective new approaches for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to more pesticides, veterinary drugs and pollutants, further develop GC-MS and LC-MS with SMB and combine QuEChERS with GC-SMB-MS and LC-SMB-EI-MS to provide the “ultimate” approach for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in food. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: The original QuEChERS method was validated for more than 200 pesticide residues in a variety of food crops. For the few basic pesticides for which the method gave lower recoveries, an extensive solvent suitability study was conducted, and a buffering modification was made to improve results for difficult analytes. Furthermore, evaluation of the QuEChERS approach for fatty matrices, including olives and its oil, was performed. The QuEChERS concept was also extended to acrylamide analysis in foods. Other advanced techniques to improve speed, ease, and effectiveness of chemical residue analysis were also successfully developed and/or evaluated, which include: a simple and inexpensive solvent-in-silicone-tube extraction approach for highly sensitive detection of nonpolar pesticides in GC; ruggedness testing of low-pressure GC-MS for 3-fold faster separations; optimization and extensive evaluation of analyte protectants in GC-MS; and use of prototypical commercial automated direct sample introduction devices for GC-MS. GC-MS with SMB was further developed and combined with the Varian 1200 GCMS/ MS system, resulting in a new type of GC-MS with advanced capabilities. Careful attention was given to the subject of GC-MS sensitivity and its LOD for difficult to analyze samples such as thermally labile pesticides or those with weak or no molecular ions, and record low LOD were demonstrated and discussed. The new approach of electron ionization LC-MS with SMB was developed, its key components of sample vaporization nozzle and flythrough ion source were improved and was evaluated with a range of samples, including carbamate pesticides. A new method and software based on IAA were developed and tested on a range of pesticides in agricultural matrices. This IAA method and software in combination with GC-MS and SMB provide extremely high confidence in sample identification. A new type of comprehensive GCxGC (based on flow modulation) was uniquely combined with GC-MS with SMB, and we demonstrated improved pesticide separation and identification in complex agricultural matrices using this novel approach. An improved device for aroma sample collection and introduction (SnifProbe) was further developed and favorably compared with SPME for coffee aroma sampling. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LOD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope, and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade, and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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Boni, A. L. Quantitative Analysis of Radionuclides in Process and Environmental Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808275.

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Brunk, J. L. Gamma analysis of environmental samples from the Marshall Islands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/123193.

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Russ, G. P., and R. Williams. Use of IsoProbe for Uranium and Plutonium Analysis in Environmental Samples. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/792746.

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Moore, J., J. Broadway, and R. Blanchard. The Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility's participation in interlaboratory and intralaboratory comparisons of environmental sample analyses, 1981--1986. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5590262.

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Ticknor, Brian W., Shalina C. Metzger, Eddie Mcbay, Cole R. Hexel, Kayron T. Rogers, and Debra A. Bostick. Automated Clean Chemistry for Bulk Analysis of Environmental Swipe Samples – Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1490579.

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