Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental responsibility – Tanzania'
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Lauwo, Sarah George, Olatunde Julius Otusanya, and Owolabi Bakre. "Corporate social responsibility reporting in the mining sector of Tanzania." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 6 (August 15, 2016): 1038–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2013-1380.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing debate on governance, accountability, transparency and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the mining sector of a developing country context. It examines the reporting practices of the two largest transnational gold-mining companies in Tanzania in order to draw attention to the role played by local government regulations and advocacy and campaigning by nationally organised non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with respect to promoting corporate social reporting practices. Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes a political economy perspective to consider the serious implications of the neo-liberal ideologies of the global capitalist economy, as manifested in Tanzania’s regulatory framework and in NGO activism, for the corporate disclosure, accountability and responsibility of transnational companies (TNCs). A qualitative field case study methodology is adopted to locate the largely unfamiliar issues of CSR in the Tanzanian mining sector within a more familiar literature on social accounting. Data for the case study were obtained from interviews and from analysis of documents such as annual reports, social responsibility reports, newspapers, NGO reports and other publicly available documents. Findings – Analysis of interviews, press clips and NGO reports draws attention to social and environmental problems in the Tanzanian mining sector, which are arguably linked to the manifestation of the broader crisis of neo-liberal agendas. While these issues have serious impacts on local populations in the mining areas, they often remain invisible in mining companies’ social disclosures. Increasing evidence of social and environmental ills raises serious questions about the effectiveness of the regulatory frameworks, as well as the roles played by NGOs and other pressure groups in Tanzania. Practical implications – By empowering local NGOs through educational, capacity building, technological and other support, NGOs’ advocacy, campaigning and networking with other civil society groups can play a pivotal role in encouraging corporations, especially TNCs, to adopt more socially and environmentally responsible business practices and to adhere to international and local standards, which in turn may help to improve the lives of many poor people living in developing countries in general, and Tanzania in particular. Originality/value – This paper contributes insights from gold-mining activities in Tanzania to the existing literature on CSR in the mining sector. It also contributes to political economy theory by locating CSR reporting within the socio-political and regulatory context in which mining operations take place in Tanzania. It is argued that, for CSR reporting to be effective, robust regulations and enforcement and stronger political pressure must be put in place.
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Mtasigazya, Paul. "Corporate social responsibility of the mining companies in Tanzania." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017392-3.
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This paper sets out to examine the neglected research area of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the Mining Companies in Tanzania, and was guided by the following specific objectives: 1) to examine tax payment compliance of the mining companies in Tanzania; 2) to explore the extent to which mining companies donate local communities services in Tanzania; 3) to investigate the compliance of environment management Act of 2015; 4) to explore the challenges facing Tanzania in enforcing CSR of the mining companies. A case study design was used and the methods of data collection were interviews and documentary reviews. 74 respondents were selected by the author through purposive sampling. The findings revealed that there is poor practice of CSR due to none compliance of the mining companies on paying tax, environmental pollution in Tighthe river in north Mara, inadequate compensations to the relocated local communities in Tanzania as well as low contribution of mining companies to the National economy that have turned the Country into resource curse. Also, it was noted that some challenges such as weak legal enforcement and lack of government stake in the mining companies resulting into myth of mining companies’ social responsibility in Tanzania. It is therefore concluded that the government should increase its stake in Mining Companies as it is in Botswana and also establish comprehensive legal and regulatory framework for effective and efficient CSR in Mining sector in Tanzania.
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Mganda, Veri. "CHALLENGES ON THE PRACTICES OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE MINING SECTOR IN TANZANIA: THE CASE STUDY OF BULYANHULU AND GEITA GOLD MINE." Business Education Journal 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54156/cbe.bej.2.1.84.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is important and strategic businesses practice which is not only beneficial to the community, corporate shareholders and other stakeholders but also to corporate sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility in the mining sector calls for an inclusion of social and environmental issues while pursuing economic prosperity of that particular country. For a country endowed with minerals like Tanzania, stringent regulations are needed. Incompetence of the managerial practice to implement CSR in their on-going operations, international capital and global companies have been identified as major causes for environmental pollution and growing environmental activism. There is a wide criticism among stakeholders in the sector demanding to develop plans and establish a clear strategy so as to reverse the current practices where CSR is simply being applied as a branding and marketing strategy by these companies. The literature review especially on the mining sector hardly revealed any impressive implementation and compliance requirements for CSR, particularly from environmental perspective for the best of national interests. Therefore this study examines the challenges in the practices for CSR from the environmental perspective in the mining sector in Tanzania. The methodology used in the study is meta-analysis in which various studies on CSR implementation have been reviewed. The findings on the ground indicate that there are serious challenges to comply with CSR in protecting the environment. Conclusions drawn have relevance for the real life systems and academia, particularly on integrating responsible leadership and ethical thinking in business curricular
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Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., and Razack B. Lokina. "Efficiency, enforcement and revenue tradeoffs in participatory forest management: an example from Tanzania." Environment and Development Economics 17, no. 1 (August 11, 2011): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000209.
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AbstractWhere joint forest management has been introduced into Tanzania, ‘volunteer’ patrollers take responsibility for enforcing restrictions over the harvesting of forest resources, often receiving as an incentive a share of the collected fine revenue. Using an optimal enforcement model, we explore how that share, and whether villagers have alternative sources of forest products, determines the effort patrollers put into enforcement and whether they choose to take a bribe rather than honestly reporting the illegal collection of forest resources. Without funds for paying and monitoring patrollers, policy makers face tradeoffs over illegal extraction, forest protection and revenue generation through fine collection.
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Sikana, Lwitiko, Tiziana Lembo, Katie Hampson, Kennedy Lushasi, Sally Mtenga, Maganga Sambo, Daniel Wight, Jane Coutts, and Katharina Kreppel. "Dog ownership practices and responsibilities for children’s health in terms of rabies control and prevention in rural communities in Tanzania." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): e0009220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009220.
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Interventions tackling zoonoses require an understanding of healthcare patterns related to both human and animal hosts. The control of dog-mediated rabies is a good example. Despite the availability of effective control measures, 59,000 people die of rabies every year worldwide. In Tanzania, children are most at risk, contributing ~40% of deaths. Mass dog vaccination can break the transmission cycle, but reaching the recommended 70% coverage is challenging where vaccination depends on willingness to vaccinate dogs. Awareness campaigns in communities often target children, but do not consider other key individuals in the prevention chain. Understanding factors related to dog ownership and household-level responsibility for dog vaccination and child health is critical to the design of vaccination strategies. We investigated who makes household decisions about dogs and on health care for children in rural Tanzania. In the Kilosa district, in-depth interviews with 10 key informants were conducted to inform analysis of data from a household survey of 799 households and a survey on Knowledge Attitudes and Practices of 417 households. The in-depth interviews were analysed using framework analysis. Descriptive analysis showed responsibilities for household decisions on dogs’ and children’s health. Multivariate analysis determined factors associated with the probability of dogs being owned and the number of dogs owned, as well as factors associated with the responsibility for child health. Dog ownership varied considerably between villages and even households. The number of dogs per household was associated with the size of a household and the presence of livestock. Children are not directly involved in the decision to vaccinate a dog, which is largely made by the father, while responsibility for seeking health care if a child is bitten lies with the mother. These novel results are relevant for the design and implementation of rabies interventions. Specifically, awareness campaigns should focus on decision-makers in households to improve rabies prevention practices and on the understanding of processes critical to the control of zoonoses more broadly.
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Amos, Onesmo, Peter Siamoo, and Evans Ogoti. "Influence of Delegation of Responsibility in Participative Leadership Style on Improving the Quality of Education in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania." British Journal of Education 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol10n7pp119.
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This study addressed the influence of delegation of responsibility in participative leadership style on improving the quality of education in public secondary schools in Arusha region, Tanzania. The study was informed by Likert’ participative system theory. Correlation survey design was adopted to establish the influence of delegation of responsibilities on improving the quality of education. To this end two hundred and nineteen (219) respondents from 18 public secondary schools were selected based on stratified and random sampling techniques from three (03) district councils in Arusha region. The study involved three (03) district education officers, eighteen (18) heads of schools, eighteen (18) academic masters/mistresses, and one hundred and eighty, and (180) teachers. In this study data was collected by using multiple instruments such as questionnaires for teachers and academic masters/mistresses, interview schedule for district education officers and headmasters/mistresses, and document analysis schedule. Cronbach alpha was used to test reliability, while content validity was used to test validity. Data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics by frequency, mean scores, standard deviation; and inferential statistics by the use of Chi-square tests technique. The study findings revealed that delegation of responsibility fosters shared leadership responsibility between head of schools and experienced teachers, as well as develops accountability and commitment among the teaching staff. The study concluded that the delegated teachers in different responsibilities are not given decision making powers. It was also concluded that head of schools delegates responsibility to some of the teachers especially the experienced ones than the new teachers. Based on the research findings and conclusions, the study recommended the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology to develop a clear policy and increase efforts in training and retraining headmasters/mistresses on the proper delegation of responsibility for improving the quality of education in public secondary schools.
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Johnson, Laura R., and Julie S. Johnson-Pynn. "Cultivating Compassion and Youth Action Around the Globe: A Preliminary Report on Jane Goodall’s Roots & Shoots Program." Journal of Youth Development 2, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2007.344.
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This paper describes a unique service-learning based environmental and humanitarian program for youth, The Jane Goodall Institute’s Roots and Shoots program (R&S). R&S aims to foster learning, personal growth and civic engagement among youth members through service activities and environmental education. Despite its promise as a youth development program and its rapid expansion into 100 countries, little is known about R&S’s impact on youth development. In this study, we explore R&S programs in China and Tanzania, two countries that are maximally different from the U.S. in important cultural and contextual factors. Through qualitative and quantitative methods we describe the programs, their practices, and perceptions of their impact on youths’ personal and social development (cognitive and social competence, leadership, self-efficacy, citizenship and social responsibility). Additionally, we highlight the importance of sociocultural and ecological factors when developing and evaluating youth programs.
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W. Msuya, Ombeni. "Education Financing through Volunteering Resource Networking in Tanzania: Supporting the Disadvantaged Students." East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i3.173.
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Education has never been free in human history. There are various costs associated with its access and management. In some countries, governments have waived or abolished school fees, yet families take care of indirect or other supportive school requirements. Although the government of Tanzania abolished fees from primary to Secondary education in 2016, parents have been paying school fees at advanced secondary education. As a result, students from disadvantaged communities have been facing a great challenge in attaining advanced secondary education. Hence, in January 2018, Dr. Msuya Scholarship Award was founded to support disadvantaged students. This study used the mixed research approach to collect data. A total sample of 91 participants was used including 64 beneficiaries, 11 heads of secondary schools, 15 parents and 1 scholarship coordinator from Dr. Msuya Foundation. The findings indicated that the scholarship successfully supported 111 students who were able to complete their advanced secondary education. Out of those, 93 passed and joined various higher learning institutions for further learning. The scholarship raised community awareness on undertaking collective responsibility in financing education. It promoted the spirit of unity and charity. The study recommends collaborative approaches to finance education through mobilized community resources.
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Mwamila, Tulinave Burton, Moo Young Han, and Soyoon Kum. "Sustainability evaluation of a primary school rainwater demonstration project in Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 3 (July 8, 2016): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.186.
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Water shortages are widely prevalent in developing countries, affecting lives of people including schoolchildren, who miss classes while fetching water for daily use. A typical case was that of Mnyundo Primary School in Tanzania, East Africa. A rainwater harvesting (RWH) system was then constructed because of easy adaptability of the technology. The purpose of this study is sustainability evaluation. The evaluation considered construction details, level of water supply service, potential for sustainability and replication. Coarse screen, first flush tank, and sedimentation tank were included for maintaining drinkable water quality through particle load reduction. The water level gauge incorporated enables easy monitoring of water usage, while the provided training and operational manual are a practical guide on system management for the users. Local labor, material and techniques used, are recommended for capacity building, sense of ownership, and cost reduction. Companies’ involvement is encouraged by providing financial support to the schools as their corporate social responsibility. RWH is thus suggested as a sustainable alternative for drinking water supply.
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Falnes, Eli, Karen Moland, Thorkild Tylleskär, Marina de Paoli, Sia E. Msuya, and Ingunn MS Engebretsen. ""It is her responsibility": partner involvement in prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV programmes, northern Tanzania." Journal of the International AIDS Society 14, no. 1 (2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1758-2652-14-21.
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Wamoyi, Joyce, Peter Balvanz, Kaitlyn Atkins, Margaret Gichane, Esther Majani, Audrey Pettifor, and Suzanne Maman. "Conceptualization of Empowerment and Pathways Through Which Cash Transfers Work to Empower Young Women to Reduce HIV Risk: A Qualitative Study in Tanzania." AIDS and Behavior 24, no. 11 (April 1, 2020): 3024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02850-0.
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AbstractAlthough cash transfers (CT) are hypothesized to reduce AGYW’s HIV risk, little is known about the mechanisms through which CT empower AGYW. We explored the impact of a CT intervention on AGYW’s sexual decision-making in order to describe the pathways through which the cash may influence risk behavior. The study employed qualitative methods involving: 20 longitudinal in-depth interviews (IDIs), 40 cross-sectional IDIs, 20 narrative IDIs, and two focus group discussions with AGYW ages 15–23 participating in a CT intervention. AGYW’s conceptualized empowerment as: “independence”, “hope and aspiration”. Potential pathways through which CT empowered AGYW were: economic, hope and aspiration for a better future, and access to knowledge. As a result of this empowerment, AGYW reported reductions in transactional sex, experiences of intimate partner violence, and risky-sexual behaviour. A sense of responsibility developed through economic empowerment, enhanced participants’ self-esteem and confidence in decision-making leading to changes in AGYW’s sexual risk behaviors.
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Amos, Onesmo, Evans Ogoti, and Peter Siamoo,. "Shared Strategic Vision in Participative Leadership Style and Quality Education Provision in Public Secondary Schools in Arusha Region, Tanzania." British Journal of Education 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol10n7pp5174.
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This study examined the influence of shared strategic vision in participative leadership style on improving the quality of education in public secondary schools in Arusha region, Tanzania. Correlation survey design under quantitative approach was adopted to establish the influence of shared strategic vision on improving the quality of education. Data was collected from 291 respondents, comprising district education officers, heads of schools, academic masters/mistresses, students’ leaders, and teachers. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the analysis revealed that shared strategic vision is a vital approach of participative leadership style that enabled the involvement of teachers in preparing a detailed school calendar system to guide teaching and learning activities for facilitating students’ achievements, provides conducive environment for motivating teachers through timely rewards systems, facilitates the sustainable implementation of education goals by ensuring that teaching strategies are guided by clear objectives for improving quality education, facilitates effective monitoring and evaluation of teaching and learning process for ensuring regular and early report of students’ academic progress, increases teachers’ commitment and efficiency to the attainment of students’ performance especially in lesson preparation and syllabus completion. The study concluded that teacher and students’ leaders are mainly implementers of the strategic vision rather than designers and thus affect the provision of quality of education. The study recommended the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology to develop a clear policy and increase efforts in training and retraining headmasters/mistresses on the proper delegation of responsibility for improving the quality of education in public secondary schools.
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MASSA, K., P. MAGNUSSEN, A. SHESHE, R. NTAKAMULENGA, B. NDAWI, and A. OLSEN. "COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ON THE COMMUNITY-DIRECTED TREATMENT AND SCHOOL-BASED APPROACHES FOR THE CONTROL OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN LUSHOTO DISTRICT, TANZANIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 41, no. 1 (January 2009): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932008002964.
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SummaryThe success of the Community-Directed Treatment (ComDT) approach in the control of onchocerciasis and filariasis has caught the attention of other disease control programmes. In this study the ComDT approach was implemented and compared with the school-based approach for control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis among school-age children in Lushoto District, Tanzania. This was a qualitative study, consisting of in-depth interviews with village leaders, community drug distributors (CDDs) and schoolteachers, as well as focus group discussions with separate groups of mothers and fathers to assess the perceptions and experiences of the villagers on the implementation of the two approaches. It was found that the villagers accepted the ComDT approach and took the responsibility of selecting the CDDs, organizing and implementing their own method of distributing drugs to the school-age children in their villages. The ComDT approach was well received and was successfully implemented in the villages. Although the villagers pointed out the limitation in reaching the non-enrolled children in the school-based approach, they also expressed satisfaction with this approach. This study suggests that the ComDT approach is well accepted and can be implemented effectively to ensure better coverage of especially non-enrolled school-age children.
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Melis, M. T., F. Dessì, P. Loddo, C. La Mantia, S. Da Pelo, A. M. Deflorio, G. Ghiglieri, B. T. Hailu, K. Kalegele, and B. N. Mwasi. "FLOWERED-GEODBAPP: AN APPLICATION BASED ON CROWD-GENERATING DATA USING SENTINEL2 IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-121-2017.
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This study is part of the EU H2020 research Project FLOWERED (de-FLuoridation technologies for imprOving quality of WatEr and agRo-animal products along the East African Rift Valley in the context of aDaptation to climate change). FLOWERED project aims to develop technologies and methodologies at cross-boundary catchment scales to manage the risks associated with high Fluoride water supply in Africa, focusing on three representative test areas along the African Rift Valley (i.e. Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), characterized by high fluoride contents in waters and soils, water scarcity, overexploitation of groundwater and high vulnerability to risks arising from climate change, as drought and desertification. It also is empowering local communities to take responsibility for the integrated-sustainability of the natural resources, growing national and international environmental priorities, enhancing transboundary cooperation and promoting local ownership based on a scientific and technological approach. <br><br> Within the FLOWERED project, the transition from the land cover to the land use and water use maps is provided through the development of a mobile application (FLOWERED-GeoDBapp ). It is dedicated to the collection of local geo-information on land use, water uses, irrigation systems, household features, use of drinking water and the other information needful for the specific knowledge of water supply involving local communities through participative approach. This system is structured to be populated, through an action of crowd-generating data by local communities (students and people involved mainly by NGOs). The SHAREGEODBapp is proposed as an innovative tool for water management and agriculture institutions at regional and local level.
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Pointer, Rebecca, Emmanuel Sulle, and Clemente Ntauazi. "Smallholder Views on Chinese Agricultural Investments in Mozambique and Tanzania in the Context of VGGTs." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021220.
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Based on a case study in each country, this study documents the views of Mozambican and Tanzanian smallholders regarding Chinese agricultural investments and the extent to which investors abide by their legitimate land tenure rights as defined by the Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Forests and Fisheries in the Context of National Food Security (VGGTs). The VGGTs offer guidelines to government on how to protect the land tenure of rural communities when land is being acquired for large-scale land investments. The study also assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smallholders. Due to COVID-19, instead of fieldwork, we conducted telephone interviews with 20 smallholders in Mozambique and 35 in Tanzania. The Mozambican case showed that even when land set aside for investors was not in dispute, smallholders still had unmet expectations, especially regarding investors’ corporate social responsibility activities. In the Tanzanian case, even though the land leased by the Chinese investor had been designated as general land, it had laid fallow for a long period, and smallholders had moved back onto the land, only to be displaced in 2017. Although smallholders’ views on the investment were mixed, the case underscored the need for government to assess current land use before allocating it to investors—regardless of how the land is classified and especially in areas where land shortages are creating conflict. The cases show that even if communities are consulted about proposed land investments, guidelines need to include clauses that allow for ongoing communications between investors, communities and government officials such that if communities are unsatisfied with the results of the investment, renegotiation is possible. Further, in the event of crises, such as COVID-19, investors should partner with communities and government to limit the extent of harm in communities as a result of the crisis.
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Galiè, Alessandra, Cathy Rozel Farnworth, Nelly Njiru, and Silvia Alonso. "Intra-Household Handling and Consumption Dynamics of Milk in Peri-Urban Informal Markets in Tanzania and Kenya: A Gender Lens." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063449.
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Milk, provided it is safe, provides important micronutrients that can combat hidden hunger (undernutrition). Many peri-urban poor people in Tanzania and Kenya use informal markets to purchase milk in order to provide nutritional benefits to their families. Household decision-making processes play an influential role in how much milk to buy and how it is treated. This exploratory qualitative study, conducted in peri-urban Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, examined how access to milk, control over milk handling and safety, and intra-household milk distribution are affected by gender dynamics and by changes in milk availability and price. Focus group discussions with 48 women and 45 men and key informant interviews with 8 men and 8 women, all of whom were parents or caretakers to young children, were conducted. The results indicate that gender roles in milk purchase and handling vary. Generally, providing enough milk is a man’s responsibility, whilst a woman is expected to ensure a nutritious diet. Yet women’s limited decision-making power regarding milk purchase can restrict their ability to provide sufficient milk. Interventions to promote safe milk consumption need to consider gender norms, strengthen intra-household collaborative decision-making, include men in nutrition programming, and increase women’s control over food expenditures.
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van Pelt, S., K. Massar, L. van der Eem, L. Shields-Zeeman, J. B. F. de Wit, and R. A. C. Ruiter. "“The nurse assistant app” to improve healthcare worker performance during antenatal care in Tanzania." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.041.
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Abstract Background The Nurse Assistant App (NAA) was developed to improve the quality of antenatal care in Magu District Tanzania by providing digital assistance to healthcare workers. The NAA guides healthcare workers step by step through all necessary antenatal care interventions and provides tailored advice and suggestions for follow-up actions. We used the Intervention Mapping framework to retrospectively evaluate the development of the NAA. Methods Desk research into the content, evidence base, and development of the NAA was performed combined with semi-structured interviews with two initial developers to fill in a planning tool consisting of 40 criteria for systematic evaluation of the data. Results Findings showed that the NAA was developed based on existing literature on antenatal care guidelines as well as the knowledge and experience of a broad variety of stakeholders and that five of the six steps of Intervention Mapping were performed. However, the development of the NAA lacked a theoretical foundation on behaviour change models. Future research will focus on the experiences of healthcare workers providing antenatal care using the NAA. Conclusions The NAA was developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and took practical matters as well as evidence from existing literature into account. However, we recommend that the responsibility and ownership of the NAA should be shared with the local government to increase the potential and sustainability of the NAA. Key messages The NAA was developed to improve the quality of antenatal care in rural Tanzania targeting healthcare workers. The current evaluation informs future digital health tool developers in sub-Saharan Africa about elements to take into account during the development phase such as systematic mapping of the process.
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Davis, Alicia, Tiziana Lembo, Emma Laurie, Edna Mutua, Kathrin Loosli, Mary Nthambi, Amy Nimegeer, et al. "How public health crises expose systemic, day-to-day health inequalities in low- and-middle income countries: an example from East Africa." Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13756-022-01071-5.
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Abstract Background The current Coronavirus disease pandemic reveals political and structural inequities of the world’s poorest people who have little or no access to health care and yet the largest burdens of poor health. This is in parallel to a more persistent but silent global health crisis, antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We explore the fundamental challenges of health care in humans and animals in relation to AMR in Tanzania. Methods We conducted 57 individual interviews and focus groups with providers and patients in high, middle and lower tier health care facilities and communities across three regions of Tanzania between April 2019 and February 2020. We covered topics from health infrastructure and prescribing practices to health communication and patient experiences. Results Three interconnected themes emerged about systemic issues impacting health. First, there are challenges around infrastructure and availability of vital resources such as healthcare staff and supplies. Second, health outcomes are predicated on patient and provider access to services as well as social determinants of health. Third, health communication is critical in defining trusted sources of information, and narratives of blame emerge around health outcomes with the onus of responsibility for action falling on individuals. Conclusion Entanglements between infrastructure, access and communication exist while constraints in the health system lead to poor health outcomes even in ‘normal’ circumstances. These are likely to be relevant across the globe and highly topical for addressing pressing global health challenges. Redressing structural health inequities can better equip countries and their citizens to not only face pandemics but also day-to-day health challenges.
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Tarimo, Edith AM, Anna Thorson, Thecla W. Kohi, Joachim Mwami, Muhammad Bakari, Eric Sandström, and Asli Kulane. "Balancing collective responsibility, individual opportunities and risks: a qualitative study on how police officers reason around volunteering in an HIV vaccine trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." BMC Public Health 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-292.
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