Journal articles: 'Environmental regulation'

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Geltman, Elizabeth. "Environmental Health Regulation in the Trump Era: How President Trump’s Two-for-One Regulatory Plan Impacts Environmental Regulation." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 51.4 (2018): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.4.environmental.

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This Article explores the Trump regulatory reform agenda and its potential impact on environmental determinants of health. The Article begins with a discussion of the Department of Commerce’s (DOC or Commerce) initial fact-finding investigation to evaluate the impact of federal regulations on domestic manufacturing. The Article next presents an overview of the Trump administration’s regulatory reform formula as announced in E.O. 13771 and the interim guidance explaining E.O. 13771 and E.O. 13777 (the executive order announcing the Trump administration’s plans to enforce the regulatory reform plan announced in E.O. 13771). The Article then examines the federal agency initiatives undertaken in response to the Trump directives, including both fact-finding dockets and regulatory action published in the federal register applying the executive orders. This Article concludes with concerns about the practical effects of the new policy on the future of environmental determinants of health and recommends that the policy be reevaluated after a year to understand the unintended effects of this means of deregulation.

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Schmandt, Jurgen, Joseph L. Badaracco, Ronald Brickman, Sheila Jasanoff, Thomas Ilgen, Peter W. House, Roger D. Shull, Helen M. Ingram, and R. Kenneth Godwin. "Environmental Regulation." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 2 (1987): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3324530.

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Xiong, Bei, and Ruimei Wang. "Effect of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Solid Waste Pollution in China: From the Perspective of Formal Environmental Regulation and Informal Environmental Regulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 25, 2020): 7798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217798.

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To address the concern of environmental pollution, it is necessary to study the effect of environmental regulation on industrial solid waste emission reduction in China. This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of provincial environmental regulation (both formal and informal) on the industrial solid waste emission reduction. The results show that both the effect of formal and informal environmental regulations on industrial solid waste emission intensity present an inverted “U” shape. The threshold value of per capita GDP as an indicator variable is CNY 16,299 and CNY 15,572 respectively. The effect on pollution emission reduction will appear when the value is higher than the threshold, and the two-way transmission mechanism between formal and informal environmental regulations does exist. When GDP per capita exceeds CNY 27,961, there is a phenomenon of “rebound” in the effect of informal environmental regulation on pollution reduction. Based on the findings, it was suggested that both formal and informal environmental regulation should be promoted to achieve the goal of industrial solid waste emission reduction. The coordination between formal and informal environmental regulation should be considered when the government makes policies. Different environmental regulation policies should be implemented in different regions. Informal regulation should be enriched and further promoted. Environmental law should play an important role in maintaining the public’s participation in environmental regulation to prevent the failure of informal environmental regulation.

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Lam, Jacqueline C. K., and Peter Hills. "Promoting Technological Environmental Innovations." International Journal of Applied Logistics 2, no. 2 (April 2011): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2011040102.

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This paper reviews and discusses the debate over the effectiveness of environmental regulation in promoting industrial Technological Environmental Innovation (TEI). Using the innovation-friendly regulatory principles adapted from Porter and van der Linde (1995a, 1995b), this paper demonstrates how properly designed and implemented environmental regulation (TEI promoting regulation) has played a critical role in promoting TEI in the transport industry in California and Hong Kong. In both cases, it has shown that stringent environmental regulations that send clear and strong signals for future environmental performance requirements are critical in promoting TEIs in the public transport industries. Unlike traditional command-and-control regulations, TEI promoting regulations are strongly supported by incentive and capability-enhancing measures.

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Gunningham, N. "Enforcing Environmental Regulation." Journal of Environmental Law 23, no. 2 (May 26, 2011): 169–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqr006.

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Crew, Michael A., and Anthony Heyes. "Introduction: Environmental Regulation." Journal of Regulatory Economics 28, no. 2 (September 2005): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-005-3104-x.

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Tsurumi, Tetsuya, Shunsuke Managi, and Akira Hibiki. "Do Environmental Regulations Increase Bilateral Trade Flows?" B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 1549–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0164.

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Abstract The argument that stringent environmental regulations are generally thought to harm export flows is crucial when determining policy recommendations related to environmental preservation and international competitiveness. By using bilateral trade data, we examine the relationships between trade flows and various environmental stringency indices. Previous studies have used energy intensity, abatement cost intensity, and survey indices for regulations as proxies for the strictness of environmental policy. However, they have overlooked the indirect effect of environmental regulations on trade flows. If the strong version of the Porter hypothesis is confirmed, we need to consider the effect of environmental regulation on gross domestic product (GDP), because GDP induced by environmental regulation affects trade flows. The present study clarifies the effects of regulation on trade flows by distinguishing between the indirect and direct effects. Our results indicate an observed non-negligible indirect effect of regulation, implying that the overall effect of appropriate regulation benefits trade flows.

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Zhu, Yue, Ziyuan Sun, Shiyu Zhang, and Xiaolin Wang. "Economic Policy Uncertainty, Environmental Regulation, and Green Innovation—An Empirical Study Based on Chinese High-Tech Enterprises." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189503.

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As the continuous changes in environmental regulations have a non-negligible impact on the innovation activities of micro subjects, and economic policy uncertainty has become one of the important influencing factors to be considered in the development of enterprises. Therefore, based on the panel data of Chinese high-tech enterprises from 2012–2017, this paper explores the impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on firms’ green innovation from the perspective of economic policy uncertainty as a moderating variable. The empirical results show that, first, market-incentivized environmental regulation instruments have an inverted U-shaped relationship with innovation output, while voluntary environmental regulation produces a significant positive impact. Second, the U-shaped relationship between market-based environmental regulation and innovation output becomes more pronounced when economic policy uncertainty is high. However, it plays a negative moderating role in regulating the relationship between voluntary-based environmental regulation and innovation output. This paper not only illustrates the process of technological innovation by revealing the intrinsic mechanism of environmental regulation on firm innovation, but also provides insights for government in environmental governance from the perspective of economic policy uncertainty as well.

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Geng, Meng-Meng, and Ling-Yun He. "Environmental Regulation, Environmental Awareness and Environmental Governance Satisfaction." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073960.

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It is a problem worth thinking about whether the government’s environmental regulation policies can meet the residents’ requirements for environmental quality, and benefit the people. The study of the public’s subjective evaluation can more intuitively judge whether the government’s environmental regulation has realized “ecological benefits for the people”. Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2013, this paper studied the impact of environmental regulation and environmental awareness on environmental governance satisfaction by an ordered probit model. The study found that environmental regulation has a significant positive impact on environmental governance satisfaction, while environmental awareness has a significant negative impact on environmental governance satisfaction. We also found that when public environmental awareness is taken into account, the positive relationship between environmental regulation and environmental governance satisfaction is affected. The robustness test proved this conclusion.

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Li, Jiangtao, Jianyue Ji, and Yi Zhang. "Non-linear effects of environmental regulations on economic outcomes." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 368–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2018-0104.

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Purpose There is no conclusive whether environmental regulation is a constraint or an incentive to the production development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the non-linear effects of environmental regulations on economic outcomes from the combined perspective of labor productivity and environmental regulation costs. Design/methodology/approach Under the assumption of maximizing the utility of residents and maximizing the profit of firms, this research introduces a mathematical model that incorporates the promotion effect of environmental regulations on labor productivity and the costs of environmental regulations. On this basis, the authors analyze the non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and economic outcomes theoretically. This paper also conducts an empirical test using the panel data of 28 provinces in China from 1998 to 2015 through threshold regression. Findings Theoretical analysis shows that environmental regulations impose both the environmental regulation cost effect and the compensation effect on the labor productivity enhancement. The ultimate impact of environmental regulation on economic outcomes depends on the comparison of these two effects. Under the different intensities of environmental regulation, the magnitude of these two effects may not be equal. The empirical results further confirm the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and economic outcomes. Originality/value Previous studies have neglected the role of environmental regulations in improving labor productivity. This work’s main contribution is to propose a novel framework to study the non-linear relationship between environmental regulation and the growth of economic outcomes from perspective of labor productivity and the costs of environmental regulations.

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11

Wang, Yuanyang, Yanlin Yang, Chenyu Fu, Zengzeng Fan, and Xiaoping Zhou. "Environmental regulation, environmental responsibility, and green technology innovation: Empirical research from China." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 22, 2021): e0257670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257670.

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Innovation and green are the directions to promote the circular economy and environmental sustainability at the corporate level. This paper examines the impact of environmental regulation (pollution charge) on green technology innovation and the mediating role of corporate environmental responsibility. Our results indicate that: (1) Environmental regulations stimulate manufacturing enterprises’ environmental responsibility and green technology innovation. It is worth noting that corporate environmental responsibility strengthens the relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation. (2) Further investigation reveals that R&D expenditure and environmental investment have greatly strengthened the positive effect of environmental regulation on green technology innovation. (3) With more detailed disclosure about enterprises’ environment-related information, the more outstanding stimulation effects of environmental regulation. Discussions on the features of enterprise location have revealed that, if the goal of environmental protection is set too high or if the fiscal decentralization is too strong, implementation of environmental regulation would not achieve desirable results. Accordingly, we need to optimize the collection of environmental taxes, strengthen the enterprises’ environmental responsibility, and increase investment in R&D and environment protection. Meanwhile, the execution of environmental regulation should also take into account the institutional environment and governance features of the enterprise locations.

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12

Du, Zhili, Lirong Zheng, and Boqiang Lin. "Does Rent-Seeking Affect Environmental Regulation?" Journal of Global Information Management 30, no. 6 (September 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.288549.

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Resource utilization not only meets the needs of economic development, but also has a far-reaching negative impact on the environment. Environmental regulation is regarded as the key measure to solve environmental pollution. However, the rent-seeking behavior of local enterprises will seriously weaken the implementation effect of environmental regulations. Under the background of the development of big data era, the massive micro enterprise data provided by China's private enterprise survey database provides favorable conditions for this paper to study its impact effect from the direction of big data. This paper uses OLS model and Tobit model to investigate the impact of rent-seeking on the implementation effect of environmental regulation. The results show that environmental regulation will make honest enterprises actively reduce output to control the emission level. However, rent-seeking enterprises will further expand their output to gain greater profits because they are sheltered by local governments.

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13

Widess, Ellen G. "Regulation of Environmental Pesticides." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 32, no. 4 (April 1990): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199004000-00031.

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14

Ausin, Israel, Carlos Alonso-Blanco, and Jose-Miguel Martinez-Zapater. "Environmental regulation of flowering." International Journal of Developmental Biology 49, no. 5-6 (2005): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.052022ia.

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15

Condray, J. Ronald, and George B. Fuller. "Regulation of environmental chemicals." Environmental Carcinogenesis Reviews 8, no. 2 (January 1990): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10590509009373379.

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16

BRUCKMEIER, KARL, and PARTO TEHERANI-KRÖNNER. "FARMERS AND ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION." Sociologia Ruralis 32, no. 1 (April 1992): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1992.tb00919.x.

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17

Lange, Bettina, and Andy Gouldson. "Trust-based environmental regulation." Science of The Total Environment 408, no. 22 (October 2010): 5235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.052.

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18

Rittenhouse, Katherine, and Matthew Zaragoza-Watkins. "Anticipation and environmental regulation." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 89 (May 2018): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2018.03.005.

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Hafstead, Marc A. C., and Roberton C. Williams. "Jobs and Environmental Regulation." Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy 1 (January 2020): 192–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/706799.

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20

Turner, S. "Environmental Law & Regulation." Journal of Environmental Law 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/13.3.428.

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Sinden, Amy. "Lessons from Environmental Regulation." Hastings Center Report 48 (January 2018): S56—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.820.

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Yandle, Bruce. "Unions and environmental regulation." Journal of Labor Research 6, no. 4 (December 1985): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02685497.

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Yang, Jing, Huanxiu Guo, Beibei Liu, Rui Shi, Bing Zhang, and Weili Ye. "Environmental regulation and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: Do environmental regulation measures matter?" Journal of Cleaner Production 202 (November 2018): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.144.

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Zhang, Jing, and Meng Han Zhou. "A Review of Changes in Chinese Environmental Regulation System." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1681.

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With the Chinese economic system reforming and industrializing, the Chinese environmental regulation system has experienced from weak to well developed. Starting from the specific changes in environmental regulation system and development situation, here mainly consists a single period of the planned economy environment rules and regulations system, the transition period of transition economy environment rules and regulations system, and modern market economy environment system analysis.

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Fang, Yuxin, and Hongjun Cao. "Environmental Decentralization, Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation, and Green Total Factor Productivity—Evidence from China." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 11245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811245.

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The effective enhancement of green total factor productivity (GTFP) through macro-regulatory tools—environmental decentralization and environmental regulation and thus the promotion of high-quality and sustainable economic development—is a hot topic of current research. However, many studies have focused on how environmental decentralization or environmental regulation affects green total factor productivity, lacking attention to the relationships and impact paths among the three. To clarify the mechanisms of action of the three effects, this paper measures the GTFP of 30 Chinese provinces and cities from 2010 to 2020 through the Super-SBM model. The mediating effect of environmental regulation between environmental decentralization and GTFP is examined. Firstly, the study findings suggested that environmental decentralization is significantly negatively related to GTFP, while different environmental regulations are all significantly positively related to GTFP. Secondly, environmental decentralization suppresses GTFP in eastern China, which has a non-significant effect in central China. It has a catalytic effect on GTFP in western China. Finally, environmental decentralization can enhance GTFP by promoting public participation in environmental regulation. The findings of this paper have implications for adjusting environmental decentralization, environmental regulation policies, and formulating green economic transition and development strategies.

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Aoki, Masamitsu. "Environmental Regulation Accelerated Environmental Friendly Mounting Technology." Journal of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 15, no. 3 (2012): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep.15.169.

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Xu, Xueying, Peng Hou, and Yue Liu. "The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on the technology innovation of urban green energy: a study based on the panel threshold model." Green Finance 4, no. 1 (2022): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/gf.2022006.

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<abstract> <p>Since the Porter hypothesis was proposed, environmental regulation has been recognized as a critical factor influencing technology innovation. However, there is no unified conclusion on whether the relationship between the two is linear or non-linear, and environmental regulation is always examined from single angles. Therefore, according to the difference of environmental regulation implementation subjects, this paper divides environmental regulation into formal regulation and informal regulation. Utilizing the panel data of 281 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2011-2019, the non-linear effects of heterogeneous environmental regulations on green energy technology innovation are analyzed based on the panel threshold model, and the non-linear relationship between the two under the difference in urban economic development level is further considered. The results indicate that: (1) The threshold effect of the environmental regulations on China's green energy technology innovation is significant, and there is heterogeneity in the effects of different environmental regulations. (2) At present, positive relationship are observed between the informal environmental regulation and green energy technology innovation in China, while the formal environmental regulation exerts a significant inhibitory effect on green energy technology innovation. (3) The level of regional economic development plays a significantly positive role in moderating the relationship between environmental regulation and green energy innovation. However, there exists a certain heterogeneity in the moderating role between the formal regulation-innovation link and informal regulation-innovation relationship. This study provides a reference for further clarifying the relationship between heterogeneous environmental regulations and green energy technology innovation.</p> </abstract>

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Li, Hui, Chuandang Zhao, Xiaoying Tang, Jiawei Cheng, Guanyang Lu, Yang Gu, Zhiyue Zhang, and Yang Liu. "How Do Different Types of Environmental Regulations Affect Green Innovation Efficiency?" Journal of Mathematics 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677334.

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Environmental regulation policies are being continuously enriched today. To effectively improve green innovation efficiency through environmental regulations, it is urgent to better understand the impact of different environmental regulations on green innovation efficiency (GIE). However, due to the defects of previous methods for measuring GIE, existing studies may have deviations when analysing the effect of environmental regulations on GIE. To fill this gap, using Shaanxi, China, as a case study, the present study proposes a network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on neutral cross-efficiency evaluation to accurately measure the GIE of Shaanxi during the period of 2001–2017. On this basis, this study further analysed the impact of different types of environmental regulations on GIE from three aspects: causality, evolutionary relationships, and effect paths. The results indicate that (1) the GIE of Shaanxi Province showed a “fluctuation-slow growth-steady growth” trend during 2001–2017, and after 2014, the problem of an uncoordinated relationship between technology research and design (R&D) and technology transformation began to appear; (2) there was a linear evolutionary relationship between command-and-control environmental regulation and GIE and a “U”-shaped evolutionary relationship between market-based/voluntary environmental regulation and GIE; and (3) command-and-control environmental regulation and voluntary environmental regulation affected GIE mainly at the technology R&D stage, while market-based environmental regulation ran through the entire process of green innovation activities. This study improves the evaluation methods and theoretical systems of GIE and provides the scientific basis for government decision-makers to formulate environmental regulation policies.

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Fowlie, Meredith L. "Incomplete Environmental Regulation, Imperfect Competition, and Emissions Leakage." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 72–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.1.2.72.

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Environmental regulation of industrial pollution is often incomplete; regulations apply to only a subset of facilities contributing to a pollution problem. Policymakers are increasingly concerned about the emissions leakage that may occur if unregulated production can be easily substituted for regulated production. This paper analyzes emissions leakage in an incompletely regulated and imperfectly competitive industry. The analytical model is used to simulate outcomes under incomplete, market-based regulation of carbon dioxide emissions in California's electricity sector. Regulation that exempts out-of-state producers achieves approximately one-third of the total emissions reductions achieved under complete regulation at more than twice the cost per ton. (JEL L94, Q53, Q58)

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Gunningham, Neil, and Cameron Holley. "Next-Generation Environmental Regulation: Law, Regulation, and Governance." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 12, no. 1 (October 27, 2016): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110615-084651.

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Wang, Xiaohua, Qing Yang, and Ning He. "Research on the Influence of Environmental Regulation on Social Employment—An Empirical Analysis Based on the STR Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020622.

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Environmental regulation will affect social employment through corporate costs, technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and industrial transfer. To verify the effect of environmental regulation on social employment in different periods and under the intensity of environmental regulation, in this paper, environmental regulation is introduced as an influencing factor of social employment levels, based on China’s urban registration unemployment data from 1987 to 2017. A nonlinear smoothing autoregressive model is used to analyze the nonlinear long-term effect relationship between environmental regulation and social employment. The research results show that the relationship between environmental regulation and social employment does exhibit the characteristics of nonlinear transformation under different mechanisms, and the transformation speed is fast. The specific manifestation is that the environmental regulation has a restraining effect on social employment in the short term, and the environmental regulation has a promoting effect on social employment in the long term. Continued high-level environmental regulations will exacerbate the adverse impact of environmental regulations on social employment.

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Liu, Shiwen, Zhong Zhang, Guangyao Xu, Zhen Zhang, and Hongyuan Li. "How Promotion Incentives and Environmental Regulations Affect China’s Environmental Pollution?" Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052907.

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As for the academics and policymakers, more attention has been given to the issue on how to reduce environmental pollution through the cooperation of environmental regulation and local officials’ promotion incentives. With the use of a city-level panel data of 266 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2016, this study preliminary explores the impacts of environmental regulations, local officials’ promotion incentives, and their interaction terms on urban environmental pollution at national and regional levels by using the spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that the impacts of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives on urban environmental pollution have achieved the desired goal with the other’s cooperation, and their interaction term’s coefficients on urban environmental pollution are significantly negative. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity is established, and the uneven development of urban environmental pollution among different regions deserves more attention. In order to effectively reduce the level of urban environmental pollution in China, the government should focus on such solutions as enhancing the implementation and supervision efficiency of environmental regulation, optimizing the performance appraisal system of local officials, improving the synergistic effects of environmental regulations and local officials’ promotion incentives, and establishing a multi-scale spatial cooperation mechanism based on both geographical and economic correlations.

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Tu, Wenjuan, and Rui Shi. "Influence of Environmental Regulation on the International Competitiveness of the High-Tech Industry: Evidence from China." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010677.

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Environmental regulation has become a significant way to achieve sustainable development. Taking the panel data of China’s high-tech industries from 2007–2016 in 30 provinces and cities as a sample, regression models are established to study the impact of three different types of environmental regulations on international competitiveness and the moderating effect of R&D (research & development) investment. The results show that the impact of environmental regulations on the international competitiveness of high-tech industries is related to the type of environmental regulation. There is a significant negative correlation between economic environmental regulation (EER) and the international competitiveness of high-tech industries, and R&D investment has a significant inhibitory effect on the relationship between the two. For both commanding environmental regulation (CER) and participatory environmental regulation (PER), R&D investment plays a significant moderating role in environmental regulation and the international competitiveness of high-tech industries. The impact of all three environmental regulations on R&D investment was positive but not significant. Finally, based on these research conclusions, a few countermeasures and suggestions are discussed for the formulation of China’s environmental regulation policies and the development of high-tech industries.

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Fisher, Jonathan. "Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Sustainable Economic Growth." Journal of Business and Economics 9, no. 9 (September 22, 2018): 749–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/09.09.2018/001.

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There is considerable concern and debate about the economic impacts of environmental regulations. Jonathan Fisher, former Economics Manager at the Environment Agency in England and Wales, reviews the available evidence on this subject. Section 2 presents estimates of the costs and benefits of environmental regulations. Section 3 examines the impacts of environmental regulations on economic growth, innovation and technical change as well as impacts on competitiveness and any movement of businesses to less pollution havens. He questions call for greater certainty regarding future environmental regulations, whereas in fact there should be calls for less uncertainty. This section then suggests how this could be achieved. This section then finishes with an overview of the available evidence. This includes an examination of the Porter Hypothesis that environmental regulations can trigger greater innovation that may partially or more than fully offset the compliance costs. Section 4 then sets out principles for how better environmental regulation can improve its impacts on sustainable economic growth and illustrates how the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive is a good example of the application of these principles in practice. Section 5 reviews current and recent political perspectives regarding developments in environmental regulations across the EU and shows how the United Kingdom (UK) has successfully positively managed to influence such developments so that EU environmental regulations now incorporate many of these principles to improve their impacts on economic growth. Section 5.1 then examines the implications of Brexit for UK environmental regulations. Finally, Section 6 sets out some best practice principles to improve the impacts of environmental regulation on sustainable economic growth, innovation and technical change.

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Arif, Fakhir Ali. "هاوسه‌نگی ژینگه‌یی له‌ ژینگه‌ پارێزی بارانییه‌کاندا." Twejer 3, no. 3 (December 2020): 463–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2033.12.

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The Kurdish people's interest in the natural environment goes back to ancient times, due to the characteristics and survival of the natural environment of Kurdistan, which has been established in accordance with religious and scientific documents. The purpose of this study is how to develop the mindset and conservation of the natural environment within the framework of social reforms and its application to the behavior and life of the people concerned, on the other hand, to investigate the decisions on the protection of the natural environment, such as the Advanced Model In this age. And its adaptation to environmental principles originates from the religious and spiritual movement. As a result of merging into the national movement, it later became a moral constellation, and to this day, in addition to life changes, these practices, as a successful experience, can be considered one of the sources of the regulation of environmental protection law.

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Chen, Qiao, Yan Mao, and Alastair M. Morrison. "Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Tourism Carbon Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 12850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312850.

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This research analyzed the impact of environmental regulations and their power in suppressing tourism carbon emissions. The results showed that: (1) four types of environmental regulations had significant inhibiting effects on tourism carbon emissions, but different types of regulations had varying effects; and (2) environmental regulations had a significant time lag effect on tourism carbon emissions. The decay rates of the environmental regulation effects were dissimilar for supervisory management, market incentives, command and control, and public participation; and (3) environmental regulations had dissimilar influences on tourism carbon emissions at the regional level. Government agencies should choose differentiated environmental regulation tools, attach great importance to the time-lag effect of environmental regulations on tourism carbon emissions, and establish systems and mechanisms of public participation in environmental matters.

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Liu, Yuncai, Nengsheng Luo, and Shusheng Wu. "Nonlinear Effects of Environmental Regulation on Environmental Pollution." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (March 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6065396.

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This paper classifies environmental regulation into two types and constructs a theoretical framework to explore the influences of fee-based environmental regulation and invest-based environmental regulation on environmental pollution. It then establishes some dynamic spatial autoregressive nonlinear econometric models to test the theoretical hypothesis based on 30-area panel data from 2004 to 2016. The results illustrate that inverted “U” shape curve relationship exists between fee-based environmental regulation and environmental pollution, while a “U” shape curve relationship between invest-based environmental regulation and environmental pollution exists. In addition, the findings suggest that improving the proportion of secondary industry can directly promote the environmental quality while effectively control of foreign direct investment and fiscal decentralization is also indispensable. Thus, the government should make targeted research about the optimal intensity of fee-based environmental regulation and invest-based environmental regulation and make targeted enterprise policy for the environmental pollution reduce, which contains promoting the energy revolution and strengthening the depth and strength of opening-up step by step.

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Li, Peng, and Li-Li Shi. "Do Environmental Regulations Improve Industrial Efficiency?" Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1979353.

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This study was based on research on the impact of environmental regulation on industrial efficiency in 30 provinces from 2005 to 2017 in China. For the explained variables, the industrial efficiency of the DEA-Malmquist method was utilized for the decomposition and measurement of overall factor productivity, and government environmental governance variables were added as instrumental variables for two-stage least-squares regression. In addition, environmental regulatory intensity and year were utilized as threshold variables for the threshold test. In the benchmark regression, environmental regulation harms regional industrial efficiency. However, according to the IV estimation of government environmental governance variables, environmental regulation has a positive effect on the transformation of regional industrial efficiency. The influence of environmental regulation on industrial efficiency will be first suppressed and then promoted with the gradual increase of regulatory intensity. Furthermore, there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the impact of environmental regulations.

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Yan, Guihuan, Liming Jiang, and Chongqing Xu. "How Environmental Regulation Affects Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity in China: The Role of Internal and External Channels." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013500.

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Many nations have enacted diverse environmental control regulations to address environmental and climate concerns. Analyzing how environmental regulation affects industrial green total factor productivity can aid in creating appropriate environmental regulation laws and realizing peaceful coexistence between man and nature. Based on the panel data of various provinces in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper used the data envelopment analysis method to measure the industrial green total factor productivity and then used the system generalized method of moments model to empirically study the differential effect of heterogeneous environmental regulation on China’s industrial green total factor productivity. In addition, this paper also conducted a test of internal and external mechanisms. The statistics show that environmental regulation can boost the growth of industrial green total factor productivity and pass the robustness test. Innovation ability is the external mechanism variable of environmental regulation acting on industrial green total factor productivity. Regulation can improve industrial productivity and significantly suppress industrial pollution emissions, but market-based environmental regulations do not have an effective impact on carbon emissions. Environmental regulations in economically developed regions can promote the growth of industrial green total factor productivity, but for financially backward areas, market-based environmental regulation inhibits the promotion of industrial green total factor productivity, while command-and-control environmental regulation is not helpful for industrial green total factor productivity.

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Song, Ying-jie, Fu-wei Ma, and Jing-ya Qu. "Impacts of Cultural Diversity on Carbon Emission Effects: From the Perspective of Environmental Regulations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 6109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176109.

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Cultural diversity is an issue not considered too often in traditional research on the influencing factors of carbon emission reduction to give full play to the effective participation of micro subjects in environmental regulation and to achieve the carbon emission reduction target. Aiming at the cultural diversity of micro subjects, this paper introduces the provincial dynamic index of cultural diversity and, from the perspective of environmental regulation, combines environmental regulation types such as energy regulation, economic regulation, and administrative regulation, to empirically study the impact of cultural difference on carbon emission reduction. We found that cultural diversity had a significant negative impact on carbon emission effects, and there is a one-way Granger causality between the two. Cultural diversity and environmental regulations exerted a synergistic impact on carbon emission effects. Through specific mechanism tests, the intermediary effect of environmental regulations was confirmed. Cultural diversity influenced carbon emission effects through the mediation of environmental regulations. From the perspective of the refined characteristics of different regions, possible cultural diversity in the southern region and regional energy consumption characteristics significantly affected carbon emission effects. On the basis of the conclusions reached in this empirical research, we put forward the following policy suggestions: emphasis should be placed on the function of culture and other non-institutional factors in the practice of environmental regulations; bottom-up environmental protection incentives must be strengthened, and required expression channels should be perfected; the role of various environmental regulations must be given full play in the process of carbon emission reduction.

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Liu, Jingjing, Min Zhao, Chao Zhang, and Fangrong Ren. "Analysis of the Influence of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation on Green Technology Innovation." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043649.

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Since its reform and opening up, China’s economy has undergone rapid development and has experienced problems such as the overexploitation of resources and the destruction of the ecological environment. To achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental protection and to follow the sustainable development path, China must implement corresponding environmental regulation policies and vigorously encourage enterprises to pursue green technology innovation. In this paper, environmental regulation is divided into command-and-control, market incentive and voluntary participation. Command-and-control environmental regulation is measured using the entropy method and the logarithm of the pollution discharge fee income in each region is used as the measurement index of market-incentive environmental regulations. At the same time, the logarithm of the number of environmental protection proposals planned by the National People’s Congress and the number of environmental protection proposals planned by the CPPCC is used as the measurement index of voluntary participation in environmental regulations. Based on a regression equation of the effects of environmental regulations on green technology innovation, this paper uses the two-step system GMM method to analyze the panel data of industrial enterprises larger than a designated size in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2006 to 2017. Moreover, the paper compares the effects of command-and-control, market-incentive and voluntary participatory environmental regulations on green technology innovation. The empirical results show that command-and-control environmental regulations initially have an inverted U-shaped effect on green technology innovation and market incentive and voluntary participatory environmental regulations have a U-shaped effect on green technology innovation. A comparison of the three environmental regulation policies shows that the effect of command-and-control environmental regulation is more significant.

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Connolly, Brian. "Environmental Aesthetics and Free Speech: Toward a Consistent Content Neutrality Standard for Outdoor Sign Regulation." Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, no. 2.1 (2012): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.2.1.environmental.

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First Amendment challenges by billboard companies and other sign owners to local sign regulations have become a frequent occurrence in the past thirty years. The stakes are high for both commercial sign owners and local governments. Sign control has emerged as an important front in the environmental protection movement, as it focuses on the visual or scenic quality of the environment. Courts have begun to recognize and accept local governments’ interest in controlling the proliferation of signage as part of their efforts to improve environmental quality, but courts have applied First Amendment doctrine in an inconsistent manner. The courts’ inconsistent treatment of the constitutional requirement of content neutrality has undermined state and local efforts to maintain aesthetic environments free from noxious signage. One of the consequences of this inconsistency is a false sense of security among sign regulators that their content-based regulations are somehow consistent with the First Amendment. This Note argues in favor of a strict approach to content neutrality, placing a greater burden on sign regulators to develop the most content-neutral ordinances possible. The proposed approach would beat billboard companies and sign owners at their own litigation game, limiting governments’ exposure to litigation and lessening the risk of sign regulations being invalidated, which in turn denigrates aesthetic quality. Furthermore, the recommended approach would reaffirm the First Amendment rights of sign owners while ensuring that regulatory bodies have sufficient guidance and encounter less risk in ensuring aesthetic environmental protection.

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Cui, Lizhi, Yining Ding, and Xiangqian Li. "Environmental Regulation Competition and Carbon Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010736.

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To clarify the relationship between environmental regulatory competition and carbon emissions and provide a theoretical basis for carbon emission reduction governance, this paper explores the strategic interaction behavior of environmental regulatory competition by constructing a three-way evolutionary game model based on the perspective of the fusion of environmental federalism and local government competition theory. On this basis, the specific forms of carbon emission reduction competition are tested using the spatial Durbin model, and the mechanism of the effect of environmental regulation competition on carbon emissions is analyzed. The evolutionary game model shows that local governments make strategic choices based on the costs and benefits of environmental regulation, and there are strategic equilibria of “race to the bottom”, “race to the top”, and “differentiation of competition”. The empirical results show that the competition for environmental regulations as a whole after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is a “race to the top”, and the increase in the intensity of environmental regulations has an inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, which remains valid after a series of robustness tests. There is heterogeneity in environmental regulatory competition, and the effect of emissions reduction is most obvious in the central region. Mechanism analysis shows that environmental regulatory competition affects carbon emissions mainly through the effect of political performance assessment, the effect of industrial structure optimization, and the effect of low-carbon technology capability improvement. Therefore, the central government should follow the local government interest function and balance the interests of all parties, appropriately increase the proportion of environmental performance assessment and optimize the performance assessment system, and consider regional development differences to find the right carbon emissions reduction path.

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Safronova, Ekaterina V. "Environmental Expertise. the Legal Regulation of Environmental Expertise." Ural Journal of Legal Research, no. 4 (2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/2658_512x_2021_4_58.

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Bracci, Enrico, and Laura Maran. "Environmental management and regulation: pitfalls of environmental accounting?" Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 24, no. 4 (June 7, 2013): 538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2012-0027.

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Liu, Yulin, and Jun Wang. "Environmental pollution, environmental regulation, and labor income share." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 36 (August 11, 2020): 45161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10408-9.

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Cohen, Mark A. "Firm response to environmental regulation and environmental pressures." Managerial and Decision Economics 18, no. 6 (September 1997): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1468(199709)18:6<417::aid-mde843>3.0.co;2-w.

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Pickman, Heidi A. "The effect of environmental regulation on environmental innovation." Business Strategy and the Environment 7, no. 4 (September 1998): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0836(199809)7:4<223::aid-bse164>3.0.co;2-s.

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Gao, Hewen, Fei Li, Jinhua Zhang, and Yu Sun. "A Study of the Strategic Interaction in Environmental Regulation Based on Spatial Effects." Systems 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11020062.

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The incomplete enforcement of environmental regulations in China is a serious issue in environmental protection affairs, and this paper attempts to provide a new explanation for its prevalence from the perspective of strategic interaction. Under Chinese decentralization, environmental regulations are seen by local governments as a tool to compete for scarce resources, which leads to strategic interactions between regions. Therefore, under the theoretical framework of regional policy spillovers, this paper examines the strategic interaction behavior of local governments in environmental regulation with a spatial econometric approach research methodology based on panel data of 29 Chinese provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) from 2015 to 2019, taking spatial interdependence and the strategic interaction relationship of local governments as the entry point. The study finds that the intensity of environmental regulation in a region is not only related to the characteristics of the region, but also related to the intensity of environmental regulation in competing provinces, and there is a significant strategic interaction of environmental regulation behavior between regions, which is manifested as complementary spatial strategies. If the neighboring provinces invest more in environmental regulation, the region will also strengthen its level of environmental regulation accordingly, showing the contagiousness of non-complete enforcement of environmental regulation. At the same time, the complementary strategic interaction behavior of environmental regulation between regions has weakened since 2017, which highlights the role of green environmental performance assessment. Based on this, this paper proposes to provide a policy reference to avoid the environmental regulation enforcement dilemma.

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MALHOTRA, NEIL, BENOÎT MONIN, and MICHAEL TOMZ. "Does Private Regulation Preempt Public Regulation?" American Political Science Review 113, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055418000679.

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Previous research has emphasized corporate lobbying as a pathway through which businesses influence government policy. This article examines a less-studied mode of influence: private regulation, defined as voluntary efforts by firms to restrain their own behavior. We argue that firms can use modest private regulations as a political strategy to preempt more stringent public regulations. To test this hypothesis, we administered experiments to three groups that demand environmental regulations: voters, activists, and government officials. Our experiments revealed how each group responded to voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) by firms. Relatively modest VEPs dissuaded all three groups from seeking more draconian government regulations, a finding with important implications for social welfare. We observed these effects most strongly when all companies within an industry joined the voluntary effort. Our study documents an understudied source of corporate power, while also exposing the limits of private regulation as a strategy for influencing government policy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental regulation'

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