Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental regulation'
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1
Danilina, Vera. "Essays on environmental regulation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0452.
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Cette thèse développe l’analyse d’une politique économique environnementale appliquée dans le cadre d’une économie ouverte et dans celui d’une économie fermée. Elle étudie les effets sur le bien-être et l’environnement des réglementations volontaire et obligatoire tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité des agents économiques et des pays. Elle s’intéresse en particulier aux différents types d’éco-étiquetages en autarcie (Chapitre 1) et après ouverture au commerce international (Chapitre 2); aux programmes d’apport d’information à plusieurs niveaux (Chapitre 3); et aux taxes sur les émissions et marchés publics écologiques (Chapitre 4). L’analyse montre que non seulement le gouvernement mais également les éco-consommateurs peuvent inciter même les producteurs éco-indifférents à se décider pour l’agir respectueux de l’environnement. Les instruments de politique environnementale induisent auto-sélection et polarisation dans les marchés desservis par des entreprises hétérogènes en termes de productivité. Je démontre que des instruments volontaires peuvent avoir des résultats positifs sur le bien-être et l’environnement. En fonction d’hypothèses précises, ils peuvent également être plus efficaces que des approches obligatoires. Le modèle montre également que quand il y a ouverture au commerce international, la politique écologique a un effet supplémentaire sur le bien-être et sur l’environnement, dépendamment du type de politique et des consciences environnementales des différents pays commerciauxThis thesis develops an applied environmental economic policy analysis in closed and open economy frameworks. It investigates welfare and environmental outcomes of voluntary and mandatory regulation allowing for heterogeneity across economic agents and countries. Particularly, it focuses on voluntary eco-labels of different types in autarky (Chapter 1) and upon opening to international trade (Chapter 2); multi-tier information provision programmes (Chapter 3); and emission taxes and green public procurement (Chapter 4). The analysis shows that not only the government but also eco-concerned consumers can incentivise even eco-indifferent producers to act more environmentally-friendly. Environmental policy instruments induce self-selection and polarisation in the markets served by firms heterogeneous in their productivity. I demonstrate that voluntary instruments can lead to positive welfare and environmental outcomes. Under particular assumptions, they also can be more efficient than mandatory approaches. The model also shows that upon opening to international trade eco-policy yields additional welfare and environmental effects conditionally on the type of the policy and the environmental awareness difference across trading countries
2
Galloway, Emily E. "Environmental regulation and firm behavior." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53933.
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In three essays, the relationship between environmental regulation and firm behavior is explored. First, firms are found to influence the price in a regulatory market for emissions permits by exercising market power within their own price market. As the degree of market power in three high emitting industries increased, the price of NOx permits in Southern California’s RECLAIM permit increased as well. Second, the process of firm learning is explored. Power plants facing more stringent environmental regulation are found to learn from environmental regulation and experience efficiency gains. These gains are found to spillover to other power plants facing less stringent regulation through knowledge networks. Third, the decision of electricity firms to participate in reserve markets is modeled and simulated in order to measure the effect of increased wind power in the market on this decision. As the amount of wind power in the market increased, the expected capacity available in the market decreased, inviting the possibility of electricity shortages. However, the reduced variability in market outcomes when wind penetration increases suggests that policy makers may be better able to manipulate existing market mechanisms to induce investment in new capacity.
3
Li, Wanxin. "Informational Environmental Regulation in Practice." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27944.
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Environmental degradation limits the prospects of sustainable economic development and the pursuit of a life of better quality. An informational approach to environmental regulation, a policy innovation implemented after direct regulation and economic incentive mechanism, has exhibited its positive results on pollution reduction. Since 1995, this approach has been exported from the developed world to more than ten developing countries by international policy advisors.
China experimented with environmental performance information disclosure (EPID) pilot programs in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province and Hohhot, Inner Mongolia between 1999 and 2000. Mixed results have been found. The disclosure program was sustained in Zhenjiang but was stopped in Hohhot only after the pilot phase. Furthermore, there has been no extensive research on how an informational approach to environmental regulation worked in a developing country context such as China, where private environmental enforcement by civil society and markets are lacking.
This comparative case study advances our knowledge of the informational approach to environmental regulation by examining its implementation and impact. The following factors are found to be critical for policy implementation: perceptions of the policy innovation by local leadership and implementers, capacity of local environmental protection agencies, and the contexts in which the policy was carried out. Disclosed environmental information was able to induce better industrial environmental performance and incorporated the environment into development decision making by local government officials. However, environmental performance information disclosure alone was not sufficient to involve the public in environmental protection in China. For administrative, legal, market, and public forces to converge in environmental compliance and enforcement in China, building better institutional infrastructure is in order.Ph. D.
4
Chalela, Luciana Ribeiro. "Firms reaction to environmental regulation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11082.
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International agreements arising from the need to deal with the global warming promoted by countries decided to embrace a climate change policy bring on the debate of the impacts on firms in a global competitive market. Facing, therefore, different environmental standards accordingly to firm’s physical location. Once European Union is taking the lead in adopting stringent environmental regulation, this study aims to assess the impact of environmental regulations on firms in Europe. A novel database was constructed providing firm-level air pollution emission information in the European Union. Using difference-in-difference model, the effect of the intervention of EU environmental policy change suggests a negative response in fixed assets among EU firms due to the 2006 EU policy. The evidence to the hypothesis that firms in European Union have been decreasing its firms fixed assets, as a proxy of production capacity, with the change in environmental regulation, provides general support for the PHH, however, it doesn’t remain in robustness checks. The contribution of this work is bringing a revisited view of the actual effect of environmental regulation based on Kyoto Protocol directives on European firms.
5
Tu, Qingru. "International Trade and Environmental Regulation." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3727.
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This dissertation is composed of three chapters regarding international trade and environmental regulation. The first chapter focuses on the relationship between port ownership and the port R\&D investment. I investigate whether a larger degree of private involvement in the port sector makes for a higher level of welfare, as well as an improvement in port performance. I establish the stage games to analyze the reciprocal international trade. The theoretical findings indicate that the endowment of population plays an essential role in choosing the optimal port ownership. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of port pollution regulation on port ownership. I incorporate the regulation tax on emissions from port cargo handling into the international duopoly trade model. The results of the stage games suggest the same ownership of the ports in both countries. I also extend the categories of port structures to include the transfer of port ownership to the other country. The policy implication is to have the small country own both ports, which is opposite to the port governance in reality. In the third chapter, I explore the equilibrium port ownership structures without other policy issues or regulation on the port sector being considered. The influence of country size per se suggests that a small country should privatize its port in the context of a privatized port in the large country. For a large country, it is better to choose a type of ownership different from the small country's. In addition, it is the country whose population is greater than a third of the scale in the other country that should own both ports.
6
Tong, González Francisco. "Administrative Simplification and "Positive Regulation" in the Environmental and Mining Regulations." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119160.
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In this article, the author studies the objectives and principles established during the 90’s,with respect to administrative simplification in contrast with the current governmental objectives for the optimization of the economy and reduction of unnecessary procedures,basically related to mining and environmental proceedings. Finally, the author proposes theneed for a structural change in Peruvian Mining and Environmental Regulations under the framework of what he calls a «positive regulation».En el presente artículo el autor reflexiona acerca de los objetivos y principios trazados en la década del noventa, en lo que respecta específicamente a la simplificación administrativa comparándolos con los objetivos actuales de dinamización de la economía y reducción de trámites innecesarios; principalmente, los referidos a procedimientos mineros y ambientales. Finalmente, el autor plantea la necesidad de un cambio estructural en la regulación ambiental y minera bajo la forma de lo que denomina una «regulación positiva».
7
Lyons, David. "Do environmental regulations matter? : environmental regulation, the petrochemical industry and economic growth in Taiwan, 1953-2003." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407946.
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Kuhuk, I. "State environmental regulation of industry enterprises." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8152.
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Dovha, L. "Regulation mechanism of the environmental safety." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40714.
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The main areas of improvement of the economic regulation
mechanism of environmental safety is the modernization of existing
regulators, carried out simultaneously with the development and
implementation in practice of new market instruments. International
experience shows that environmental management system depends on the
efficiency of economic mechanism of nature, which is based on a balanced
combination of regulators and enforcement of restrictive controls
stimulating and compensatory [1].
10
Benoit, Melissa C. "Environmental Consulting: Turning Regulation Into Reality." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1367271400.
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Biswas, Amit K., and Marcel Thum. "Corruption, environmental regulation and market entry." Cambridge University Press, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70661.
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The authors develop a simple analytical framework to study the welfaremaximizing environmental standards when market entry is endogenous and firms can
circumvent regulation by bribing corrupt officials. Corruption changes the tradeoff in environmental policy. Corruption leads more polluting firms to enter into the market, which requires tighter environmental regulation. However, corruption also makes trading in some environmental protection for a marginally higher market entry optimal for the government.
12
Wong, May-tak Glady. "Environmental regulation and crime : the case of pollution in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781194.
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Ben, Kheder Sonia. "Environmental regulation, foreign direct investment and pollution." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608641.
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À partir des années quatre-vingt-dix, une relation étroite est établie entre les politiques nationales environnementales et les politiques commerciales, et débouche rapidement sur un débat international portant sur le commerce et l'environnement. Un des aspects fondamentaux de ce débat est lié à l'impact des différences de rigueur environnementale entre les pays sur la compétitivité et la localisation des firmes. Cet aspect a déjà été amplement étudié et porte le nom d'Hypothèse de Pollution Haven, mais n'a pas encore été explicitement démontré. Un second aspect, moins examiné dans la littérature, est celui de l'effet de ces différences réglementaires sur les niveaux de pollution. Dans cette thèse, qui s'articule autour de quatre chapitres, ces deux aspects sont étudiés. Le premier chapitre dresse une image précise des politiques environnementales à travers le monde, leur hétérogénéité constituant le fondement de l'hypothèse de pollution haven. Le deuxième chapitre propose une modélisation théorique mettant en évidence l'impact de la régulation environnementale sur le choix de localisation des firmes. Le troisième chapitre se concentre sur l'estimation empirique du modèle théorique développé, et fait ressortir un effet significatif des politiques environnementales sur les décisions de localisation des firmes françaises. Le dernier chapitre présente une évaluation empirique de l'impact des différents mécanismes en jeu sur les émissions de pollution. Il apparaît alors qu'une augmentation des investissements directs à l'étranger s'accompagne dans les pays hôtes d'une augmentation des émissions polluantes et d'une diminution de l'intensité polluante.
14
Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.
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Sjöberg, Eric. "Essays on Environmental Regulation, Management and Conflict." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91995.
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This thesis consists of three different papers summarized as follows. In The political economy of environmental regulation, I study how enforcement of national environmental legislation differ across municipalities in Sweden depending on the local political situation. While the legislation is national, enforcement is decentralized. I find that municipalities where the Green Party joins the ruling political coalition issue more environmental fines than other municipalities. In pricing on the fish market I use Swedish data to study how size affects the price per kilo of fish for several species. In traditional fishery biomass models, fish stocks are treated as homogenous. New theoretical heterogeneous fishery models, where size is allowed to differ in a fish stock, have important implications for regulation, for example that it is optimal to regulate on numbers of fish instead of weight. However, prices in these models are assumed to be constant. My estimates can be used to shed some light on how prices change when the size composition of the catch changes. In my third and final chapter, Settlement under the threat of conflict - The cost of asymmetric information, I present a theoretical model where two players can divide a good peacefully or engage in a contest in order to obtain the entire good. I assume that one player's valuation of the good is private information and show how this affects the expected cost of the contest and thus the probability of peaceful settlement.
16
Zamorano-Ford, Jorge. "Essays on environmental regulation under imperfect competition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E057.
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Cette thèse couvre deux sujets : le dessin des permis à polluer et la gestion des déchets. Le premier chapitre analyse la mise en œuvre des permis à polluer. Le chapitre se concentre sur les impacts de la distribution liés à la sévérité de l’allocation gratuite basée sur la production courante quand deux secteurs sont couverts par le marché des permis et le plafond reste constant. Un nouveau type d’augmentation des profits dans les secteurs qui ne sont pas exposés à la concurrence internationale a été démontré théoriquement. Le deuxième chapitre traite la question de la différenciation de l’allocation des permis dans les différentes régions, liée à la possibilité des entreprises à délocaliser. Les conditions dans lesquelles le bien-être décroît avec la délocalisation sont déterminées. Dans ce cas, des distributions gratuites de permis peuvent être utilisées pour éviter la délocalisation des entreprises. Le troisième chapitre compare l’efficacité des programmes de la responsabilité élargie du producteur (REP) avec l’efficacité d’une ex-ante taxe. La taxe permet plus de flexibilité ex-ante quant aux conditions du marché, mais la REP permet plus d’adaptation ex-post aux réalisations des coûts. Ainsi, l’efficacité relative de la REP augmente avec l’incertitude des coûts et la compétitivité du marchéThis thesis covers two subjects. One is the design of pollution permits and the other is the waste management. The first chapter analyses the implementation of pollution permits. It focuses on the distributional impacts linked with the stringency of output-based allocation,when two sectors are covered by the market for permits and the total cap is held constant. Theoretically demonstrated is a new type of profit increase in sectors that are not exposed to international competition. The second chapter addresses the issue of differentiating permit allocation across areas, this being linked to the possibility of firms to relocate. The conditions under which welfare decreases with relocation are determined. In such a case, free allowances may be used to prevent firms from relocating. The third chapter compares the efficiency of extended producer responsibility (EPR) programs and the efficiency of an ex-ante tax. The tax allows more ex-ante flexibility regarding market conditions, but the EPR allows more ex-post adaption to cost realizations. As a result, the relative efficiency of the EPR increases with uncertainty of the costs and competitiveness of the market
17
Beck, Ryan. "Effects of Environmental Regulation on Innovation Decisions." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1346.
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Thesis advisor: Hideo KonishiThis paper will review prior research to support the notion that innovation does in fact lead to a competitive advantage for business, and that this competitive advantage is translated into increased profitability and productivity. Though the body of work reviewed here will by no means unequivocally prove that this relationship always holds true in real-world markets, it will provide a convincing argument that fostering innovation will likely have positive economic affects. Building off this assumption, this paper will then focus specifically on examining the relationship between environmental regulation and innovation in more detail. This paper looks to answer the question: Under what conditions will environmental regulation cause firms to begin choosing to innovate technologically rather than simply to meet regulation with compliance? Using a simple model of price competition between two firms it will be shown that environmental regulation can effectively induce innovation through spending on R&D projects to develop more efficient technology
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics Honors Program
Discipline: Economics
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Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor. "Environmental regulation and reform in New Zealand." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/702811/1/Daya-Winterbottom_2016.pdf.
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The published works focus on environmental regulation and reform in
New Zealand.
The underlying thesis of the works is the need for the development of
a coherent legal framework for environmental law. They conclude that
there is currently no coherent framework because the Resource
Management Act 1991 (RMA), the principal statute governing the New
Zealand environment, is a framework statute that depends on
subsidiary planning instruments being prepared or promulgated by the
Minister for the Environment or by local authorities to complete the
statutory architecture and provide guidance for the resource consent
decision-making process. However, progress has been slow and only
four national policy statements (NPS) and only five national
environmental standards (NES) have been made operative to date;
while at local government level, preparing regional plans remains
optional outside the coastal marine area. This has left a policy vacuum
that has resulted in considerable criticism regarding the operation of
the statute.
Additionally, New Zealand has a legal tradition that places greater
emphasis on the public policy role of legislation than other comparable
jurisdictions (e.g. Australia, United Kingdom, and USA), and its
unicameral legislature has the agility to respond quickly to issues and
enact amending legislation. As a result, the RMA has been the subject
of continuous review and reform that has (arguably) revisited the same
issues on multiple occassions due to poor issue analysis, 17 statutory
amendments have been enacted since 1993, and further reforms are
proposed.
The works reflect this theme and have contributed to the knowlegde of
the subject by focusing on areas of scholarship and research regarding the RMA reforms not covered by other academics, or by highlighting
new perspectives on topics already covered by other academics (e.g.
the effect of the property rights debate on conserving biodiversity, and
merits review by the Environment Court).
19
Jachym, Anne-Laure. "Economic Growth, Greenhouse Gases and Environmental Regulation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38154.
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Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à mesurer l’impact des émissions anthropogéniques de gaz à effet de serre sur la croissance économique dans un modèle de convergence conditionnelle. Nous nous intéressons au dioxyde de carbone, au méthane, au protoxyde d’azote et au groupe des "gaz F", ainsi qu’à l’effet de la somme de ces polluants, c’est-à-dire la quasi totalité des gaz à effet de serre. Notre échantillon est composé de 81 pays, avec une variété de niveaux de revenu par habitant, entre 1993 et 2012. Nous définissons deux sous-périodes de 10 ans et nous régressons la croissance économique sur la croissance des émissions de chaque polluant séparément, sur le PIB de la première année de la période et sur plusieurs variables de contrôle. Face au risque de biais de causalité inversée entre les émissions de pollution et la croissance économique, et entre l’investissement et la croissance économique, nous décidons d’utiliser les données passées comme variables instrumentales. Plus précisément, les données de la première année de la période sont utilisées comme instruments pour la pollution et l’investissement. Mis à part le CO2, nous trouvons qu’aucun des gaz à effet de serre n’a d’impact significatif sur la croissance économique. La croissance des émissions de CO2 semble avoir un impact positif sur la croissance économique. Cet impact apparaît moins fort sur la seconde période (2003-2012) que sur la première (1993-2002). De plus, il semble plus fort pour la moitié la plus riche des pays de notre échantillon.In this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on economic growth in a conditional convergence framework. We look at carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and the group of "F gases", as well as the effect of the sum of these pollutants, i.e. almost all greenhouse gases. Our sample is composed of 81 countries with a variety of per capita income levels and covers the period between 1993 and 2012. We define two ten-year periods and regress economic growth on emissions growth of each pollutant separately, on the first-year GDP of the period and on several control variables. To address the issue of inverse causality bias between pollution emissions and economic growth, as between investment and economic growth, we use an instrumental variable methodology. We use past data to instrument pollution and investment. More precisely, the data of the first year of the period are used as instruments. We find that, except for CO2, greenhouse gas emissions growth does not generate economic growth. CO2 emissions growth has a positive impact on economic growth. Interestingly, this impact is less pronounced between 2003 and 2012, as compared to the 1993-2002 period. In addition, the impact of CO2 emissions growth is stronger in the richer half of countries in our sample.
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Berg, Emerald Irene. "The Value of Ecofeminism for Environmental Regulation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4464.
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Environmental degradation happens in every country, at every level and scale, in many forms, throughout the world. It affects the Earth, its ecosystems, as well as people, animals, and plants. While everyone is affected, the poor are the most vulnerable to the ravages of environmental degradation. Humans are the drivers of such ruin and creators of this crisis. The situation is not improving, but rather deteriorating at an alarming rate. It is for these and many other reasons that this emergency and its effects on living things must end or at least be decelerated.
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Irwin, Nicholas Broc. "Essays on Environmental Regulation and Urban Redevelopment." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480514900311229.
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Rowen, Zachary. "Are Streams Protected? Outcomes of Environmental Regulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011867/.
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Urban areas experience the loss of natural stream channels through conversion to artificial conveyances. This process tends to target headwater and other low order streams. The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of stream loss in Denton, Texas, and explore the regulatory structure that manages these streams. Historic and current maps and stream data are used to map Denton's streams and categorize them according to their vertical connectivity as: 1) "intact", streams that are open to the atmosphere and connect to groundwater; 2) "concrete", channelized streams open to the atmosphere but cut off from groundwater; and 3) "buried", streams disconnected from the atmosphere and groundwater. A review of federal, state, and local regulatory codes and interviews with local government officials and other stakeholders elucidates stream management in Denton. Results from these analyses reveal high rates of stream loss in the urban center with low rates overall. The federal Clean Water Act and the local Environmentally Sensitive Areas code serve as the primary protective measures for natural streams. These regulations discourage stream impacts through expensive and complex permitting requirements. However the policies allow minor impacts which may cause cumulative effects. This study aims to inform future policy-making decisions and contribute to the knowledge of the environmental regulation of streams.
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Jacobsen, Mark R. "Efficiency and distributional impacts of environmental regulation /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor. "Environmental regulation and reform in New Zealand." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/702811/.
Full textAbstract:
The published works focus on environmental regulation and reform in New Zealand. The underlying thesis of the works is the need for the development of a coherent legal framework for environmental law. They conclude that there is currently no coherent framework because the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA), the principal statute governing the New Zealand environment, is a framework statute that depends on subsidiary planning instruments being prepared or promulgated by the Minister for the Environment or by local authorities to complete the statutory architecture and provide guidance for the resource consent decision-making process. However, progress has been slow and only four national policy statements (NPS) and only five national environmental standards (NES) have been made operative to date; while at local government level, preparing regional plans remains optional outside the coastal marine area. This has left a policy vacuum that has resulted in considerable criticism regarding the operation of the statute. Additionally, New Zealand has a legal tradition that places greater emphasis on the public policy role of legislation than other comparable jurisdictions (e.g. Australia, United Kingdom, and USA), and its unicameral legislature has the agility to respond quickly to issues and enact amending legislation. As a result, the RMA has been the subject of continuous review and reform that has (arguably) revisited the same issues on multiple occassions due to poor issue analysis, 17 statutory amendments have been enacted since 1993, and further reforms are proposed. The works reflect this theme and have contributed to the knowlegde of the subject by focusing on areas of scholarship and research regarding the RMA reforms not covered by other academics, or by highlighting new perspectives on topics already covered by other academics (e.g. the effect of the property rights debate on conserving biodiversity, and merits review by the Environment Court).
25
Holmes, William B. "Exploring Environmental Service Auctions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/63.
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The chapters of this dissertation explore related aspects of the procurement of conservation services from private landowners. In the first chapter, heuristic laboratory experiments reveal the impact of potential government regulation on strategic forces and efficiency properties in conservation procurement auctions. In the second chapter, data from past procurement auctions are analyzed to discover the existence and magnitude of premiums received by auction participants.
The first Chapter, “Procurement Auctions Under Regulatory Threat,” examines how strategic forces and efficiency properties are impacted in auctions for the procurement of environmental services when a threat of regulation is levied. Laboratory experiments examining different regulatory environments demonstrate that a threat of regulation will reduce the amount of public funds necessary to purchase a given level of environmental services. However, adverse selection costs and equity are negatively impacted by threat implementation.
The second Chapter, “Estimating Bid Inflation in Procurement of Environmental Services,” studies the size of premiums received by program participants in conservation programs. Predictions informed by economic literature and theory elicit the underlying value distribution for a unique dataset of procurement auctions. Average premiums for auction participants range from almost 50 percent to less than 1 percent across auction periods and institutions. The results demonstrate that both repetition and rule variation may improve the efficiency of procurement auctions. The auctions studied here are shown to yield efficiency improvements of more than 32 percent over standard fixed-payment schemes for service procurement.
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McNamara, Noeleen. "The environmental regulation of mining: an international comparison." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006233/.
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[Abstract]Over the past 15 years, significant sectors of the mining industry have undertaken the Global Mining Initiative. This was followed by an extensive program called the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project. These self regulatory mechanisms require 'beyond compliance' environmental behaviour, whether companies are operating in the developed or the developing world. Reviewing case studies of gold mines operated by the 'top tier' transnational mining companies in Queensland, Papua New Guinea and Tanzania, this thesis addresses whether these and other self regulatory mechanisms are more important than formal legislation in motivating compliance with environmental laws for these mining companies.
27
Höglund, Lena. "Essays on environmental regulation with applications to Sweden." Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009002298&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Caldji, Christian. "Early environmental regulation of neural systems mediating fearfulness." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103367.
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Postnatal handling of rat litters during the first week of life greatly decreases behavioural fearfulness to novelty in the adult offspring. Our first question was to what extent the Benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor complex, a system critical for the expression of fear, might be involved in mediating the observed reduced fearfulness in handled animals (H). Benzodiazepine receptor (BZ) binding was reduced in the amygdala and locus coeruleus (LC), regions important for the expression of fear in non-handled (NH) and maternally separated animals (MS). Moreover, levels of the mRNA for the gamma2 sub-unit of the GABAA receptor complex, which confers high affinity BZ binding, were higher in the amygdaloid nuclei as well as in the LC of handled compared with both NH and MS animals.Studies with the handling paradigm have lead to the idea that variations mother-pup interactions may actually be the cause of the handling effects. As adults, the offspring of mothers which exhibited high levels of licking/grooming and arched-back nursing (LG-ABN) showed substantially reduced behavioral fearfulness in response to novelty compared to the offspring of low LG-ABN mothers. In addition, the adult offspring of the high and low LGABN mothers showed the same receptor and molecular profiles as H and NH adult offspring. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and alpha2 norepinephrine receptor levels, additional receptor systems thought to be important in the expression of fearfulness, differed in these animals too. Adoption studies give further support to the maternal hypothesis in the finding that the expression mRNA for the gamma2 sub-unit of the GABAA receptor complex can be differentially expressed as a result of different offspring to mother combinations.
Taken together, these findings suggest that early life events (ie: naturally occurring differences in maternal care) during the first few days of life have long-term effects on the development of central neurotransmitter systems, which mediate the expression of fearfulness to novelty.
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Lorgen, Snorre. "On the relationship between information and environmental regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390357.
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Kaka, Imraan. "Corporate self-regulation and environmental protection / Imraan Kaka." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8742.
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Woldeyohannes, Mekdes. "Environmental regulation of commercial flower production in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95268/.
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Floriculture, a flourishing industry since the end of 1990s, is a source of livelihood for thousands of people in Ethiopia. Investment into the sector has been promoted with the objective of creating employment opportunities, foreign exchange earnings and links to the international market. Flowers are now among major export commodities along-side other agricultural products such as coffee and oil seeds. The sector’s contribution as a source of employment is considerable in terms of poverty reduction as poverty is a deep rooted problem in Ethiopia. However, there are challenges related to employment conditions and environmental externalities. This thesis examines into the problems of environmental protection and regulatory frameworks regarding the floriculture industry. It provides analysis on factors that affect the effective implementation of regulatory frameworks. The thesis addresses the main environmental challenges associated with flower production. The main analysis is that in Ethiopia the problem basically lies with excessive application of pesticides and fertilisers; the impact eventually extends to affecting water and soil quality. Concerns about excessive utilization of surface and ground water are also addressed. With case studies of two freshwater lakes, the thesis demonstrates how establishment of floriculture companies adjacent to lakes compromise water quality and quantity, and affects aquatic life. Focusing on each environmental problem, the thesis provides analysis on existing regulatory frameworks and identifies lack of effective implementation as the root of the problem leading to environmental degradation. The country’s level of development has been a restricting factor to channel resources necessary to employ expertise and infrastructure. At the same time, there are tendencies of prioritizing economic development, through attracting investment, than environmental protection driven by the belief that strict regulation obstructs investment. The thesis also highlights that absence of effective and adequate regulatory framework has been a challenge to the objectives of investment promotion in Ethiopia and the right to improved living standard and to sustainable development guaranteed in the Constitution. The thesis suggests that strict monitoring and inspection of flower production process is needed, and the primary response to regulate environmental impacts must rest on the government. It identifies a number of intervention areas, including strengthening pesticide registration and control system, putting in place water use and discharge permit systems, requiring Environmental Impact Assessment reports and supporting companies to implement sustainable flower production methods. Promoting good agricultural production methods, private environmental standards and certification schemes can play role in improving environmental standards. However, compliance expenses can restrict industry wide implementation of the standards. The analysis offered in the thesis provides an evaluation of the main challenges facing the Ethiopian flower industry at a time of increasing volatility in the market. This is the first legal analysis of the environmental impact of flower industry in Ethiopia.
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Bial, Joseph J. 1969. "Theoretical and empirical examination of decentralized environmental regulation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191225.
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This dissertation closely examines the merits, weaknesses, and potential of decentralized environmental regulation. I examine three areas of particular concern in the structure of environmental regulation. In the first chapter, I examine how information problems resulting from incorrectly specified atmospheric models are likely to affect economic efficiency in a permit market. While permit markets have been heralded as a promising solution for controlling environmentally damaging emissions, there is no formal research linking the atmospheric model, which directly affects permit prices, with economic outcomes. In the chapter, I develop a generalized theoretical model that demonstrates the problems that are likely to arise when there is uncertainty in the underlying atmospheric parameter estimates. As it turns out, permit markets operating with incorrectly specified atmospheric models may result in large losses in economic efficiency, even if the permit market is operating ideally in an economic sense. The second chapter analyzes a much broader issue, that of state versus federal environmental regulation. The chapter focuses on the methods used by states attempting to control interstate water pollution in the Ohio Valley in the early 1900s. The time period was chosen to predate federal intervention into environmental regulation and, hence, allows for a clean test of how states might be expected to address difficult pollution problems under a system of state regulation. Using a simple game theoretic model, the paper explores interstate water pollution control compacts and their uses in addressing interstate water pollution. I find that states were able to overcome significant bargaining difficulties in formulating the compacts, which ultimately led to effective control of interstate water pollution. The final chapter focuses on voluntary overcompliance by firms facing environmental standards. The paper models environmental regulation according to the EPA's Best Available Control Technology (BACT). The model predicts voluntary overcompliance by firms as they attempt to raise the (endogenous) environmental standard and, in the process, raise their rivals' costs. The paper also demonstrates the merits of nonuniform environmental standards. In attempting to elicit efficient levels of R&D investment, the regulatory authority may discourage socially wasteful overinvestment in pollution technology through the use of nonuniform standards.
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Wong, May-tak Glady, and 王美德. "Environmental regulation and crime: the case of pollution in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977820.
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Manning, Georgina. "Environmental regulation of the pneumolysin gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29754.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, is responsible for the life threatening diseases pneumonia and meningitis. Numerous virulence factors are believed to be involved in the disease process, including the cytolytic toxin pneumolysin. This toxin has been studied in detail in terms of its structure and function. Little is known about the expression and regulation of this toxin. It is also unknown whether any of the other virulence factors are regulated.;Environmental regulation of the pneumolysin gene was studied. The effect of temperature, adding serum to the growth medium, pH, and iron, on the expression of the pneumolysin gene was studied. Initial experiments, whereby toxin levels were measured directly by ELISA, indicated that pneumolysin expression is increased in a low iron environment, compared with an iron replete medium.;A luciferase and a cat reporter fusion, with DNA from immediately upstream of the pneumolysin gene, confirmed the observation that pneumolysin expression is increased in a low iron environment.;Regulation of the pneumolysin gene was also studied at the transcriptional level. Northern blot analysis revealed that the pneumolysin gene is transcribed as part of a polycistronic message along with two open reading frames located upstream and possibly a third located downstream. Primer extension analysis identified a putative transcriptional start site 90bp upstream of ORF1 and another 300bp upstream of the pneumolysin gene. A model of the proposed mechanism of regulation of pneumolysin expression is presented.
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Eisenbarth, Sabrina. "Essays on international trade, environmental regulation and resource management." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35736/.
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Evans, David Ashley. "Integrated environmental regulation with multiple pollutants and joint abatement." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7352.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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García, Jorge. "Essays on asymmetric information and environmental regulation through disclosure /." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4382.
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Akamangwa, Ngwatung. "Global environmental regulation and workers in the shipping industry." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/48830/.
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This thesis explores the practice of complying with environmental regulations in the global shipping industry and examines the impact on workers. Using a case study example of a large and reputable ship management company, I discuss the understandings that onshore and sea-going staff at the company have of policies and practices in relation to environmental protection. The case study approach used here involves ethnographic fieldwork aboard two container ships and at the company premises. Three research techniques are employed: semi-structured interviews, observations and documentary analysis. Specifically, and based on the operation of five key components of the company’s environmental programmes on board the ship: garbage; sewage; ballast water; oily wastes; and atmospheric emissions, the research examines seafarers’ practices of implementing the programmes and whether ship staff and their shore-based managers perceive the practices as damaging. Two significant findings emerge: that while environmental compliance has increased the workload on board, ship staff do not consider this change to affect the quality of their work and life on board the ship; and that seafarers are more likely to suffer from stress when complying with environmental regulations but are disinclined to worry about the potential for occupational exposures. The study also found a correlation in the understandings of both managers and seafarers at the company about the relevance of environmental requirements in general and of the company environmental management system in particular, which played a critical role in terms of how these requirements were operationalized aboard the ship. This study contributes to current understandings of the practice and impact of corporate compliance with environmental regulations.
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Zapata, Clovis. "Industry environmental performance and regulation in the automobile industry." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55496/.
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The three case studies are discussed using the 'license to operate' framework, so providing an empirical understanding of the relationship between environmental regulation and auto industry technological development, commercial imperatives as well as the wider social benefits in these context specific cases; they also show how regulation has been able to foster corporate environmental performance in the automobile industry.
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Morrison, Faer Samara. "Environmental and genetic effects on gene expression and regulation." Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592876.
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Regulation of gene expression is under tight control under normal circumstances and aberrant expression of genes is 'associated with complex diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune diseases. Posttranscriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation, including alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, and miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression can be influenced by different factors, including environmental factors and genetic variation. A pathological microenvironment, or genetic variation that increases susceptibility to developing complex diseases (risk variants), may alter regulation of gene expression, potentially via these post-transcriptional mechanisms. The aim of this thesis is to investigate both the effect of the T2D microenvironment on gene expression, as well as the direct effect of genetic variation on post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation in autoimmune diseases. Features of the T2D microenvironment, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased reactive oxygen species production have been shown to alter gene expression. In chapters 3, 4, and 5, I investigated if the T2D microenvironment altered expression of genes that may be important in T2D pathogenesis and progression. In Chapter 3, I analyzed the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism in a rodent pancreatic beta cell line in response to hypo- I hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. I observed that although the expression of several genes was influenced by increasing glycemia, these changes were probably not mediated by increased ROS production. In chapters 4 and 5, I analyzed the expression of genes in loci that have been ~ associated with T20 susceptibility by genome wide association studies (GWAS) in T20 islets as well as in insulin-dependent tissues. I found widespread deregulation of the expression of these genes in these tissues. The loci identified by GWAS to alter disease susceptibility can span hundreds of genes and identifying the causal variant or variants is a difficult challenge. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has recently validated the importance of non-coding genomic regions in regulation of gene expression. In chapters 6 and 7, I investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorph isms (SNPs) that have been associated with autoimmune disease susceptibility, on alternative mRNA splicing, and 3'UTR-mediated regulation of gene expression. I identified changes to the alternative splicing of a gene within the important 17q12- 21 asthma! autoimmune disease locus, that were associated with a splice site SNP, as well as identifying 3'UTR SNPs that may alter miRNA-mediated regulation of the expression of their host genes. I have identified widespread deregulation of gene expression in the T20 microenvironment, as well as describing examples of how SNPs can alter posttranscriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation, such as alternative splicing and 3'UTR-mediated regulation. The role of environmental factors, such as toxin exposure, diet and other lifestyle factors are important for how an individual's genes are expressed. It is now becoming increasingly apparent that gene effects cannot be looked at in isolation, as it is the interaction between genetics (such as the effect of SNPs) and environmental influence (such as the effects of glycemia) on expression of genes that determines an individual's phenotype.
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Gouldson, Andrew. "Environmental regulation : co-operation and the capacity for control." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1678/.
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This thesis examines the contention that effective regulation has as much to do with the capacity for co-operation between inter-dependent actors as it has to do with the state's capacity for control. This contention, and the alternative conception of regulation that it implies, is significant because it is associated with a tension that runs through many areas of public policy: does cooperation between the public and the private, or between the regulators and the regulated, lead to effective collective action or to regulatory capture? Following a conceptual examination of the nature of regulation and implementation, the thesis considers the explanatory value of two different perspectives on cooperation and collective action: the rational choice perspective, which suggests that the behaviour of economically responsive actors is shaped by the incentives for cooperation that stem from their interdependence, and the institutional perspective, which contends that as particular forms of behaviour emerge, evolve and become institutionalised, so the implementation process becomes embedded in particular institutional structures that enable the continuation of existing approaches whilst restricting the potential for change. In seeking to examine the explanatory value of these perspectives, the thesis considers the factors shaping the implementation of two frameworks of environmental regulation, namely the frameworks of Integrated Pollution Control and Local Air Pollution Control as applied in England and Wales. Based on a comparative analysis of the factors that shape the nature and influence of each implementation process, the thesis concludes that the explanatory value of the rational choice perspective is fundamentally limited and that the value of the institutional perspective is much more complete. On this basis, the thesis proposes an institutional perspective on regulation and implementation that recognises the significance of resource inter-dependencies and the ways in which cooperative approaches can increase the prospects for collective action whilst reducing the accountability and the manageability of the implementation process. As is discussed, this conclusion has significant implications for broader debates on regulation and governance.
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Aish, Joanne Louise. "Environmental regulation of virulence determinant expression in Staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3030/.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a highly versatile pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases. Appropriate gene expression in various niches within the human body and abiotic environments requires the sensing of environmental conditions. An important environmental parameter affecting S. aureus is NaC1 concentration. This study investigated S. aureus virulence determinant regulation in the presence and absence of NaCl stress. In the absence of NaCl stress, aB was found to repress hla transcription and protease activity, possibly via the repression of agr transcription. The effect of aB on agr probably occurs indirectly, although sarA, sarHi and rot are unlikely to function as intermediates in this pathway. Tn551 mutagenesis identified numerous genes, including lysC, ykuQ, lysA, brnQ and telA, which repress hla transcription and protease activity by upregulating aB activity. These genes are clustered in the SVS (S. aureus virulence and survival) region of the S. aureus genome, in which transposon insertion affected the virulence and survival of mutants isolated in numerous published screens. Other SVS region genes, including asd, dapA, hipO, ac1P and norQ were also found to repress hla transcription and protease activity by upregulating aB activity. In the presence of NaCl stress, virulence determinants (which are normally regulated by agr) come under the control of a novel regulatory system involving an-dependent and aB-independent pathways. Tn917 mutagenesis identified several genes, including citG, opuD, yugT, oppF, ykrP, eprH, yubA, unkl and unk2, which have putative roles in the aB-independent pathway. The SVS region genes analysed may function in the aB- dependent pathway. The sensor saeS was found to upregulate hla transcription in the absence of NaCI stress and may be involved in sensing NaCI stress. The NaCI stress signal may act in concert with other parameters to allow stringent virulence determinant regulation in response to the prevailing environmental conditions.
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Springthorpe, Victoria. "Environmental regulation of life history phenology in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7756/.
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The seasonal timing of plant development is regulated by environmental cues. Flowering time is influenced by the temperature and photoperiod experienced during vegetative growth, while germination timing is affected by temperatures during seed maturation and after dispersal. The timing of each developmental transition also determines seasonal conditions experienced during subsequent life stages, however the significance and stability of these interactions are not well understood. This work aimed to further an understanding of the environmental regulation of plant phenology by creating a multi-stage life history model based on Arabidopsis thaliana. Laboratory and field studies were used to inform predictive models of seed development and seed dormancy. The time required to complete seed development was mainly affected by temperature, and was therefore sensitive to seasonal flowering time. Mean daily temperatures at the end of seed maturation had the greatest influence on rates of primary dormancy loss, and post-dispersal temperatures determined rates of secondary dormancy induction. Germination probabilities were predicted by modelling frequencies of primary and secondary dormancy within the seed population. This revealed an abrupt switch from low to high germination when mean daily temperatures exceeded 14°C. Thermoinhibition was also predicted at high temperatures due to rapid secondary dormancy induction. Combining models with a previously described model of flowering time provided a framework for investigating the effects of perturbations on entire life history phenology. Seed set timing in spring and winter annuals was consistently predicted to coincide with mean daily temperatures of 14°C in locations across Northern Europe, resulting in the production of both dormant and non-dormant offspring. Phenotypic plasticity at each growth phase also served to buffer against modest perturbations in germination date, flowering date, and climate in order to maintain these specific dispersal conditions. This result was interpreted as evidence for a robust bet-hedging germination strategy.
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Nekrasenko, L. "Financial mechanisms for regulation of environmental safety in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40824.
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Dependence on fossil energy sources, high fuel prices and poor
environment require a revision of energy policy in Ukraine [1]. In addition,
the burning of fossil fuels is the main cause of air pollution. The main
natural agents to reduce the impact are coniferous forests, which absorb and
accumulate carbon dioxide. But unfortunately, more than 100 years of
forest management due to consumer approach has lead to decrease by 40%
the total forest area of the Ukraine. Ministry of Forestry of Ukraine was
established only in 1966, it main task was to restore the forests. The forest
cover increased by 1.5 times for 50 years and to date is 16% of Ukraine [2].
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Amnuaykan, Piyatida. "Environmental and genetic regulation of juvenility in Antirrhinum majus." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/72667/.
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Whilst juvenile during vegetative growth, plants are incapable of initiating flowering when grown under floral inductive conditions. Understanding juvenility is important since it influences flowering time, which in turn impacts on scheduling of crop production. Daily light integral (DLI or LI) is the total photosynthetically active radiation received in one day and is calculated from light intensity and light period (Korczynski et al., 2002). It is one of the factors that could regulate juvenility. The project aims are to determine the effect of light integral on (i) phase development, (ii) photosynthetic assimilation and partitioning in relation to juvenility, (iii) the expression of key flowering time genes, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and (iv) the expression of microRNA156 in relation to juvenility. Transfer experiments have been carried out to generate material differing in juvenility length for molecular and biochemical analyses. These utilised antirrhinum plants grown under different light integrals and Arabidopsis mutants defective in specific carbohydrate related genes. cDNAs representing genes involved in starch synthesis (PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE(PGM), PHOSPHOGLUCOISOMERASE(PGI), SUCROSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE(SPS) ) and degradation (STARCH EXCESS1(SEX-1), BETA AMYLASE3(BAM-3), ALPHA AMYLASE(AMY)) have been isolated from antirrhinum plants. Antirrhinum plants grown under reduced light integrals had extended juvenile and adult vegetative phases and reduced levels of AmFT, AmPGM, AmPGI, AmSEX-1, and AmBAM-3 during juvenility. Juvenility was shown to be extended in mutants defective in both starch synthesis and starch degradation. This indicates that light integral influences the time plants need to accumulate enough level of carbohydrate to support phase change and levels of oligosaccharide, released during starch degradation, may influence the length of juvenility. Consistently, in both Arabidopsis and antirrhinum, the timing of FT induction was shown to correlate with the end of juvenility and interestingly, light integral has a greater effect on AmFT induction and phase transition than photoperiod. Moreover, the current study shows that LI also affects the length of JP when there are highly expression of miR156 which means that miR156 possibly acts downstream of LI in the regulation of flowering.
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Degner, Stephanie C. "Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Environmental and Dietary Factors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195632.
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Each year over 260,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. and approximately 40,000 women will die of metastatic breast cancer. The etiology of breast cancer is poorly understood and only 5 -10% of cases can be attributed to genetic factors. This suggests that the development of breast cancer may involve environmental factors including diet, lifestyle, and exposure to chemicals. Several lines of experimental and epidemiological evidence have highlighted COX-2 as a potential target for breast cancer prevention. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that activation of COX-2 transcription by epigenetic effectors can be prevented by dietary agents that target the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor and the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The first specific aim was to determine the mechanism through which conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) inhibit TPA-induced COX-2 trancription. These studies documented that CLA and RA repressed COX-2 transcription by antagonizing the AP-1 transcription factor. The second specific aim was to investigate whether or not the AhR plays a role in TCDD-induced COX-2 transcription and effects of chemopreventive agents. Results indicated that AhR agonists induced the binding of the AhR to COX-2 and was prevented by CLA and the AhR antagonist, resveratrol (RES) and 3-methoxy-4-nitroflavone (3M4NF). The third specific aim was to examine the effects of AhR agonists and dietary selective AhR modulators on chromatin modifications associated with the COX-2 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the AhR is recruited to the region of the COX-2 promoter containing a xenobiotic response element and accompanied by recruitment of p300 and acetylation of histone H4. Transcriptional regulation of COX-2 by AhR agonists and dietary antagonists may also involve other post-transcriptional modifications of histones, which along with chromatin remodeling factors modulate the structure of chromatin and recruitment of RNA polymerase II. Overall, the results demonstrated that COX-2 transcription can be targeted by a variety of dietary agents that act through different mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of transcriptional regulation of COX-2 by selected dietary factors may be a breast cancer preventive strategy that bypasses the side effects of drugs that target COX-2.
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Johnson, Laurie T. "Perceptions of cost and distribution and the demand for environmental regulation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7449.
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Lee, Jong Min. "Engineering the Environment: Regulatory Engineering at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1970-1980." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51564.
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My dissertation addresses how engineers, scientists, and bureaucrats generated knowledge about pollution, crafted an institution for environmental protection, and constructed a collective identity for themselves. I show an important shift in regulators\' priorities, from stringent health-based standards to flexible technology-based ones through the development of end-of-pipeline pollution control devices, which contributed to the emergence of economic incentives and voluntary management programs. Drawing on findings from archival documents, published sources, and oral history interviews, I examine the first decade of the EPA amid constant organizational changes that shaped the technological and managerial character of environmental policy in the United States. Exploring the EPA\'s internal research and development processes and their relationship with scientific and engineering communities sheds light on how the new fields of environmental engineering and policy were co-produced in the 1970s.
I argue that two competing approaches for environmental management, a community health approach and a control technology approach, developed from EPA\'s responses to bureaucratic, geographical, and epistemic challenges. I focus on researchers and managers from the Office of Research and Development at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, as they were engaged in (1) controversy about integrated aerometry and epidemiology research intended to correlate air pollution and health, (2) intra-agency debate about the government\'s responsibility for introducing catalytic converters for tailpipe emissions reduction and responding to the potential environmental and social consequences, and (3) inter-agency activities for the demonstration of scrubbers for smokestack emissions and further application of the control technology approach in energy-related environmental problems.
My principal conceptual contribution is "regulatory engineering." I define regulatory engineering as an approach to sociotechnical problems in which engineering practices are incorporated into regulatory and organizational changes, which in turn influences technical knowledge and identity formation. As EPA activities became closely associated with energy and economic issues toward the end of the 1970s, I argue that engineers took the initiative in demonstrating and evaluating control technologies for pollution abatement and energy development, scientists carefully studied environmental and health effects of these technologies, and regulators set up pollution standards and attainment deadlines accordingly. Studying the co-production of knowledge, institution, and identity through the lens of regulatory engineering helps us to understand technoscientific and managerial aspects of environmental governance beyond the 1970s EPA where technical feasibility considerations, economic incentives, and cooperative management expanded into legislation and regulation.Ph. D.
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Francis, Darlene Deborah. "Early environmental regulation of adult stress responses and maternal care." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36805.
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Variations in maternal care permanently alter the expression of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. Thus, in the rat, increased levels of maternal licking and grooming over the first week of life are associated with decreased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and behavioural responses to stress in the offspring in adulthood. Interestingly, such variations in maternal care are associated with individual differences in the neurochemistry and fearfulness of the dams themselves. Adult female rats which are more fearful exhibit less licking and grooming of their pups than do less fearful mothers. These more fearful females also possess greater levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors in the amygdala and the locus coeruleus. Oxytocin receptor expression is also different in these animals. The females which exhibit greater levels of licking and grooming of their pups have more oxytocin receptors in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) as well as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The differences in maternal behavior may constitute a mechanism for the non-genomic, transgenerational transmission of fearfulness from parent to the offspring. The results of these thesis studies support this idea and also demonstrate that environmental events during early development that decrease fearfulness can serve to break the cycle of transmission.
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Ingram, J. "Developmental and environmental regulation of malate decarboxylation in CAM plants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357414.
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