Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental protection Standards Australia'
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1
Swart, Rosemary Helen. "Environmental protection of geological monuments in South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs973.pdf.
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Heyes, Anthony G. "Three essays on the theory and practice of environmental standard-setting." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41254.
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This thesis presents three studies on the regulation of externalities. In the first chapter we use a two-period model to analyse the reform of environmental policy when enforcement is incomplete. We show that in evaluating such reforms it is important to differentiate between two types of non-compliers which react to regulatory reform in qualitatively distinct ways. In Chapter 2 we show the problems caused by using the 'ALARA' criterion when the supply of new technologies of environmental protection is endogenous. The difference between the ALARA rule and the socially optimal rule is characterised and it is shown that the difference depends upon whether the source of technical change is R&D effort or learning-by-doing. In the third chapter we examine the externalities which are created by a particular type of regulation, and show the gains from self-regulation which are thus generated. Though each chapter discusses a particular industry or class of industries, the results obtained are argued to have more general validity.
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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systems : the comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5612.
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McGuire, William. "Essays on Voluntary Standards in International Trade." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343240479.
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Michelotti, Marco 1970. "Changing employment protection systemsthe comparative evolution of labour standards in Australia and Italy 1979 to 2000 /." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7618.
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Howes, Michael. "Putting the pieces together : sustainable industry, environment protection, and the power of the Federal government in the USA and Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh859.pdf.
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Reid, Elizabeth. "An environmental profile : the whale watchers of Encounter Bay, South Australia /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envr354.pdf.
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Lothian, Andrew. "Landscape quality assessment of South Australia." Title page, table of contents, abstract and detailed contents only, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37804.
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The object of this thesis is to provide, through a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality, a comprehensive basis on which to develop a credible methodology for the large scale assessment of perceived landscape quality. The analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality is gained by inquiring in depth into a range of theoretical constructs from key disciplines, cultural aspects, and empirical studies covering : 1. the contribution of philosophers to aesthetics 2. the psychology of perception and colour 3. the contribution of Gestalt psychology to aesthetics 4. the psychoanalytical construct of human responses to aesthetics 5. the influence of culture on landscape preferences, tracing the changing perceptions of mountains, the portrayal of landscapes in art, and the design of parks and gardens 6. a review of over 200 surveys of landscape quality in the late 20th century, including typologies and theories of landscape quality Based on the analysis of these and the knowledge gained, an empirical study is formulated and conducted, comprising a study of landscape quality of South Australia, an area of nearly 1 million km - 1. This involves, firstly, the acquisition of data covering the delineation of landscape character regions for the State, photography of these landscapes, derivation of a set of representative slides, and rating of these by groups of participants. Secondly, these preference ratings are comprehensively analysed on the basis of the attributes of the scenes covering land form, land cover, land use, water bodies, naturalism, diversity and colour. Thirdly, the results are applied as follows: 1. a map of landscape quality of South Australia is derived 2. the results are used to predict the effect that changes in land use ( e.g. clearance of trees ) will have on landscape quality 3. the theoretical constructs of landscape quality are evaluated on the basis of the preference ratings 4. a protocol is detailed to guide the undertaking of large - scale landscape quality assessment. The thesis thus fulfils the objective of conducting a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with, aesthetics and landscape quality, to provide a basis for developing a credible methodology for the large - scale assessment of perceived landscape quality.Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 2000.
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Wilgenbusch, Brian. "Developing an information management system for an environmental and economic monitoring system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17331.
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Lazenby, Victoria S. "Personal exposure of children to formaldehyde in Perth, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1742.
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Formaldehyde is a common air pollutant that tends to be found in elevated concentrations in indoor air. Exposure to formaldehyde has the potential to impact on respiratory health, particularly amongst sensitive individuals and populations, including children. Children spend most of their time indoors at home, however, there are very little data on the contribution of formaldehyde concentrations in homes to personal exposure in children. The principal aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate whether the domestic environment is the most significant source of personal exposure of formaldehyde in children. Forty-one primary school children (aged between 8 and 12) were recruited from two areas of Perth, Western Australia. Each child wore a personal passive formaldehyde sampler over a 24 hour period on two separate occasions, winter and summer. Samplers were also located indoors at home, outdoors at centralised locations and indoors at school for the corresponding period. A questionnaire about lifestyle and behaviour and a daily activity diary were completed for each participant. Passive samplers used filter papers impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhadrazine (DNPH), with formaldehyde detected using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). In winter there was a wide range of personal exposure concentrations, with geometric mean concentrations of 9.7ppb at Duncraig and 11.5ppb at Calista. Indoor geometric mean concentrations at Duncraig were l0.lppb, with outdoor and classroom concentrations below the analytical limit of detection (4ppb). At Calista, mean indoor concentrations were 14.2ppb. The outdoor concentrations were below the limit of detection and school concentrations were 8.0ppb. Summer monitoring occurred during mild meteorological conditions and were very similar to winter results. Geometric mean personal exposure concentrations were 9.2ppb at Duncraig and 8.0ppb at Calista. Indoor geometric mean concentrations at Duncraig were 9.0ppb, with outdoor and classroom concentrations below the limit of detection (4ppb). At Calista, mean indoor concentrations were 9.9ppb, outdoor was below detection limit and school concentrations were l5.2ppb. There were strong correlations between personal exposure and domestic concentrations at both Duncraig and Calista in winter (r2 = 0.73 and 0.88, respectively) and in summer (r2 = 0.67 and 0.84, respectively). The correlation for both seasons combined was significant, with a coefficient of r2 = 0. 78. A time weighted model estimated personal exposure concentrations for each participant using stationary measures in combination with time activity data. These estimates of exposure correlated significantly with measured personal exposure concentrations, with a coefficient of r2 = 0.80 for all data combined. The indoor domestic environment was found to be the most important source of formaldehyde exposure for children. Time weighting was found to provide a stronger estimate of personal exposure than indoor air monitoring alone, although the time weighted model was not a significant improvement over the indoor measure alone.
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Syarif, Laode Muhamad. "The implementation of international responsibilities for atmospheric pollution : comparison between Indonesia and Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Conrad, Alexis Jonathan. "Assessing the adequacy of intergovernmental collaboration as an organizing principle for environmental protection, a case study of the Canada-wide Accord on Environmental Harmonization's Environmental Standards Sub-Agreement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0007/MQ42712.pdf.
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Economou, Nicholas. "Greening the Commonwealth : the Australian Labor Party government's management of national environmental politics, 1983-1996 /." Connect to thesis, 1998. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000333.
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Duxbury, M. L. "Implementing a relational worldview : Watershed Torbay, Western Australia - connecting community and place /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080617.132132.
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Larwood, Andrew John. "Cleaner production : promoting and achieving it in the South Australian foundry industry." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl336.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 123-130. The literature search and the findings from the investigation have been used to provide recommendations for a sector specific cooperative approach using regulation, self-regulation, voluntary agreements, economic incentatives and educational/information strategies to promote and acheive cleaner production in the South Australian foundry industry.
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Somasani, Swarna Latha. "Removal of Heavy Metals from Drinking Water by Adsorption onto Limestone with a Focus on Copper and Aluminum Applications." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1204.
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Elevated levels of arsenic and other heavy metals like copper, aluminum, zinc, and selenium in drinking water are found to have deleterious effects on human health. Hence, finding methods for reducing their levels is critical. Iron-coated limestone is used as an adsorption material for the removal of heavy metals from drinking water. Removal of heavy metals by native or uncoated limestone was also observed and used for comparison to and evaluation of the improvement in removal efficiency from the ironcoated material. The removal efficiency with limestone was studied for different concentrations of heavy metals. Kinetic studies were done to determine the decrease in heavy metal concentration as a function of time using limestone. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy was used for metal analysis. The effective removal rate of copper and aluminum was found to be four hours and one hour, respectively. This method of removal by using limestone is cost effective, eco-friendly, and hence, of great potential importance for heavy metal removal.
Iron-coated limestone is used as an adsorption material for the removal of heavy metals from drinking water. This project will investigate techniques to improve removal efficiency of heavy metals using limestone-based material through adsorption. This research will assist in the development of a granular adsorbent product that will remove metals and that can be manufactured and sold for use at the drinking water source, at point-of-use, or at point-of-entry. Limestone is readily available and its use for metals removal is relatively inexpensive. The technology can be adapted to small, rural water supply systems. Benefits of this research will include a low-cost treatment technology for source reduction that will reduce select metals to below drinking water standards.
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Newman, Daniel Andrew. "Getting around the problem : an intensive study of the strategic nature of environmental journalists in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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This thesis examines environmental journalists, and the nature of their response to a set of perceived constraints within their professional context. Much of the literature on the subject to date would portray journalists as simply a channel through which previously screened information would be sent. The journalist, in this interpretation, is reduced to a mere transport device - one uninvolved in the
manufacture and negotiation of that which we see as news. This study refutes this viewpoint, holding instead that the environmental journalist, operating from the platform of a "round", has internalised a set of strategic methodologies that both acknowledge the constraints and work to circumvent them. Indeed, the title "Getting Around the Problem", was borrowed from a common response from those
in the sample set. The respondents collectively acknowledged the existence of a set of unique constraints, but always maintained there was a way to "get around
the problem". The study, operating at an intensive level of scrutiny, shows evidence of these constraints, explains their genesis, and demonstrates the journalists' own responses. Implicit in this study is the idea that journalists do in fact operate from within a managed system, but still continue, despite this fact, to retain a significant degree of professional autonomy.
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Blake, David. "Inorganic hydrogeochemical responses to fires in wetland sediments on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/689.
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In the past decade the wetlands of the Swan Coastal Plain (SCP) region of Western Australia have been subject to increasing fire frequency and intensity. Whilst wetland sediment fires (also known as peat fires) on the SCP are not new phenomena, the increased frequency, duration and extent of combustion have been concomitant with an increase in urbanisation and reduction in average annual rainfall for the region. This has led to a decrease in ground- and surface-water levels which, in turn, has increased the susceptibility of the wetland sediments to ignition and combustion events. Increased wetland fire severity has resulted in the loss of large pools of organic matter as well as numerous geochemical changes in wetland sediments. The physical and chemical modifications of wetland sediments have implications for the water quality of these wetlands, particularly on the SCP where an intimate link between water quality and the underlying geomorphology can be demonstrated. Previous wetland sediment disturbance events, such as drought and dewatering, have led to the oxidation of sediments, which has resulted in the acidification, base cation leaching and metal contamination of both ground- and surface-waters. The buffering capacity is strongly linked to the underlying geomorphology. Wetlands on the highly-leached, poorly-buffered Bassendean dune geomorphic unit tend to acidify readily, whereas wetlands on the well-buffered, Spearwood dune geomorphic unit, generally tend to be less acidic and have the capacity to recover (i.e. return to near-neutral conditions). In recent times, some of the wetlands on the Spearwood dune system have remained acidic. This suggests that the buffering capacity of this system is finite and may be linked to the severity of the oxidation event. The physical, temporal and chemical nature of water quality response from dried, heated and combusted wetland sediments are not well understood nor are the processes that drive them. The aim of this research, therefore, was to identify and characterise the inorganic water quality responses to the combustion of organic-rich wetland sediments. The study examined post-fire sediment pore-water and downstream ground-water quality, and the short and long term temporal characteristics of these responses. A laboratory microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the role of temperature and sediment heterogeneity on observed water quality responses. The porewater of burnt sediments differed greatly from that of unburnt sediments and was indicative of pyrite oxidation. There were also temporal changes associated with seasonal rainfall events and groundwater fluxes. Results of the long-term temporal analysis indicated the exhaustion of the in-situ buffering capacity of the wetland sediments, which resulted in the permanent acidification of the groundwater downstream of the burnt sediments. These patterns were partly obscured by transient buffering supplied by the ash created from the combustion of vegetative organic material and the influx of carbonate-rich groundwater. Laboratory microcosm analyses confirmed the inorganic hydrochemical signals, and the significance of sediment type; including parent geomorphology, in influencing the water quality response. The increased frequency, duration and extent of drying, heating and combustion of wetland sediments suggest an erosion of buffering, and thereby a loss of resilience for these wetlands, threatening their ecological integrity. This research enhances our understanding of the environmental impacts of wetland sediment fires and increases the potential for pre-emptive, rather than reactive management services.
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林碧華 and Pik-wah Jocelyn Lam. "Is ISO14001 a sustainable EMS solution for SMEs in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013779.
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Noble, Jonathan Philip. "World Vision's partners in participatory development projects : where does the environment fit? /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envn749.pdf.
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Blustein, Sholam. "Towards a dignified and sustainable electricity generation sector in Australia : a comparative review of three models." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63810/1/Sholam_Blustein_Thesis.pdf.
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Electricity is the cornerstone of modern life. It is essential to economic stability and growth, jobs and improved living standards. Electricity is also the fundamental ingredient for a dignified life; it is the source of such basic human requirements as cooked food, a comfortable living temperature and essential health care. For these reasons, it is unimaginable that today's economies could function without electricity and the modern energy services that it delivers. Somewhat ironically, however, the current approach to electricity generation also contributes to two of the gravest and most persistent problems threatening the livelihood of humans. These problems are anthropogenic climate change and sustained human poverty.
To address these challenges, the global electricity sector must reduce its reliance on fossil fuel sources. In this context, the object of this research is twofold. Initially it is to consider the design of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000 (Cth) (Renewable Electricity Act), which represents Australia's primary regulatory approach to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity. This analysis is conducted by reference to the regulatory models that exist in Germany and Great Britain. Within this context, this thesis then evaluates whether the Renewable Electricity Act is designed effectively to contribute to a more sustainable and dignified electricity generation sector in Australia.
On the basis of the appraisal of the Renewable Electricity Act, this thesis contends that while certain aspects of the regulatory regime have merit, ultimately its design does not represent an effective and coherent regulatory approach to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity. In this regard, this thesis proposes a number of recommendations to reform the existing regime. These recommendations are not intended to provide instantaneous or simple solutions to the current regulatory regime. Instead, the purpose of these recommendations is to establish the legal foundations for an effective regulatory regime that is designed to increase the production of renewable sourced electricity in Australia in order to contribute to a more sustainable and dignified approach to electricity production.
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SERRA, REYNALDO C. "Licenciamento de reatores: proposta de uma estrutura regulatória integrada com abordagem em qualidade e meio ambiente para reatores de pesquisa no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23656.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Purnama, Dadang. "The evaluation of transboundary environmental impact assessment : a case study of the Timor Gap." xi, 103 leaves : ill., map, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp9849.pdf.
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Bibiography: leaves 91-96. The Timor Gap area is managed jointly by Australia and Indonesia through the Treaty of Timor Gap (1989). The Zone of Cooperation area A 's main activity is oil exploration and exploitation. The main concern of the research is the provisions for environmental protection and the procedure of environmental impact assessment in the Treaty.
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Basurto, Gonzáles Daniel. "Mexican Environmental Legislation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118481.
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The evolution of environmental law in Mexico has developed efficient mechanisms for environmental protection. Mexico’s legal system stems from the civil law tradition and therefore is a system of positivelaw. Thus, the Mexican legal system is based in written laws, regulations and other legalprovisions, created by the legislature (Federal Congress) and applicable in the Mexicanterritory, without losing sight of Mexican Official Standards (NOM’s) and Mexican Standards (NMX).The present article will make and overview on the transformation of environmental law since 1987’s constitutional reforms, to the present day.El tiempo y la experiencia en la aplicación de la Legislación Ambiental Mexicana ha sido detonante para el desarrollo de mecanismos cada vez más eficientes para la protección al medio ambiente.El Sistema Legal Mexicano es un sistema de derecho positivo. Así, el Derecho mexicano se encuentra basado en leyes escritas, reglamentos y otras disposiciones legales, creadas por el Congreso de la Unión y el Ejecutivo Federal; todas, aplicables en el territorio mexicano; sin perder de vista el rol de las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM’s) y las Normas Mexicanas (NMX).El presente artículo hará un recorrido en la transformación de la legislación ambiental desde las reformas constitucionales de 1987, hasta el día de hoy.
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Mwebaza, Rose. "The right to public participation in environmental decision making a comparative study of the legal regimes for the participation of indigneous [sic] people in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/22980.
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"August 2006"Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Law, 2007.
Bibliography: p. 343-364.
Abstract -- Candidate's certification -- Acknowledgements -- Acronyms -- Chapter one -- Chapter two: Linking public participation to environmental decision making and natural resources management -- Chapter three: The right to public participation -- Chapter four: Implementing the right to public participation in environmental decision making : the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas -- Chapter five: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia -- Chapter six: The legal and policy regime for the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Uganda -- Chapter seven: Implementing public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda : a comparative analysis -- Chapter eight: The right to public participation in enviromental decision making and natural resources management : summary and conclusions -- Bibliography.
In recognition of the importance of public participation as a basis for good governance and democracy, Mr Kofi Annan, Secretary General to the United Nations, has noted that: "Good governance demands the consent and participation of the governed and the full participation and lasting involvement of all citizens in the future of their nation. The will of the people must be the basis of governmental authority. That is the foundation of democracy. That is the foundation of good governance Good governance will give every citizen, young or old, man or woman, a real and lasting stake in the future of his or her society". The above quotation encapsulates the essence of what this thesis has set out to do; to examine the concept of public participation and its application in environmental governance within the context of the participation of indigenous peoples in the conservation and management of protected areas in Australia and Uganda. The concept of public participation is of such intrinsic importance that it has emerged as one of the fundamental principles underpinning environmental governance and therefore forms the basis for this study. -- Environmental governance, as a concept that captures the ideal of public participation, is basically about decisions and the manner in which they are made. It is about who has 'a seat at the table' during deliberations and how the interests of affected communities and ecosystems are represented. It is also about how decision makers are held responsible for the integrity of the process and for the results of their decisions. It relates to business people, property owners, farmers and consumers. Environmental governance is also about the management of actions relating to the environment and sustainable development. It includes individual choices and actions like participating in public hearings or joining local watchdog groups or, as consumers, choosing to purchase environmentally friendly products. -- The basic principles behind good governance and good environmental decision making have been accepted for more than a decade. The 178 nations that attended the Rio Summit in 1992 all endorsed these nvironmental governance principles when they signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (Rio Declaration) - a charter of 27 principles meant to guide the world community towards sustainable development. The international community re-emphasised the importance of these principles at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002. -- The right to public participation in nvironmental decision making and natural resources management is one of the 27 principles endorsed by the nations of the world and is embodied in the provisions of Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration.
Environmental decisions occur in many contexts. They range from personal choices like whether to walk or drive to work, how much firewood to burn, or whether to have another child. They encompass the business decisions that communities or corporations make about where to locate their facilities, how much to emphasise eco-friendly product design and how much land to preserve. They include national laws enacted to conserve the environment, to regulate pollution, manage public land or regulate trade. They take into account international commitments made to regulate trade in endangered species or limit acid rain or C02 emissions. -- Environmental decisions also involve a wide range of actors: individuals; local, state and national governments; community and tribal authorities such as indigenous peoples; civic organisations; interested groups; labour unions; national and transactional corporations; scientists; and international bodies such as the United Nations, the European Union, and the World Trade Organisation. -- Each of the actors have different interests, different levels of authority and different information, making their actions complex and frequently putting their decisions at odds with each other and with ecological processes that sustain the natural systems we depend on. -- Accordingly, this thesis aims to examine participation in environmental decision making in a way that demonstrates these complexities and interdependencies. It will explore the theoretical and conceptual basis for public participation and how it is incorporated into international and domestic environmental and natural resources law and policy. -- It will examine public participation in the context of the legal and policy framework for the conservation and management of protected areas and will use case studies involving the participation of indigeneous peoples in Australia and Uganda to provide the basis for a comparative analysis. -- The thesis will also faces on a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and meaningfulness of the process for public participation in environmental decision making in Australia and Uganda. There is extensive literature on the purposes to which participation may be put; the stages in the project cycle at which it should be employed; the level and power with regard to the decision making process which should be afforded to the participants; the methods which may be appropriate under the different circumstances, as well as detailed descriptions of methods; approaches and forms or typologies of public participation; and the benefits and problems of such participation.
However, there is not much significant literature that examines and analyses the meaningfulness and effectiveness of the contextual processes of such participation. This is despite the widespread belief in the importance and value of public participation, particularly by local and indigenous communities, even in the face of disillusionment caused by deceit, manipulation and tokenism. Accordingly, the thesis will use case studies to demonstrate the meaningfulness and effectiveness or otherwise of public participation in environmental decision making in protected area management. -- Increasingly, the terminology of sustainable development is more appropriate to describe contemporary policy objectives in this area, with an emphasis on promoting local livelihood and poverty alleviation within the constraints of ecosystem management. However, the domestic legal frameworks, and institutional development, in Australia and Uganda tend to reflect earlier concepts of environmental and natural resources management (referred to as environmental management in this thesis). There are some significant differences between a North (developed) nation and a South (developing) nation, in terms of the emphasis on economic objectives, political stability, resources and legal and administrative capacity. The thesis intends to explore these differences for the comparative analysis and to draw on them to highlight the complexities and interdependencies of public participation by indigenous peoples in environmental decision making, natural resources and protected area management.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
377 p
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Vallier, Romain. "La conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0028/document.
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Cette étude porte sur la conformité environnementale, une politique juridique au service de la performance globale de l’entreprise. Il s’agira de démontrer que les réglementations environnementales et les normes environnementales volontaires auxquelles tentent de se conformer les entreprises et les États, peuvent améliorer à la fois leur protection de l’environnement, leur compétitivité, et dans une certaine mesure leur performance sociale. Cette conformité environnementale a pris un essor particulier depuis les grands phénomènes économiques induits par la mondialisation. La mondialisation se caractérise depuis les années 1970 par l’avènement d’une économie de marché ouverte dans laquelle les entreprises circulent librement d’un pays à un autre. Cette économie repose notamment sur le libre-échange des biens, des services, des technologies, des capitaux, ainsi que sur libre circulation des entreprises elles-mêmes. La mondialisation se caractérise également, du fait de l’ouverture de cette économie, par la mise en concurrence des États et des entreprises à l’échelle internationale. Ce phénomène économique de la mondialisation a toutefois entraîné une dégradation majeure de l’environnement au fil des années. Afin de répondre à ces différents enjeux, les États ont mis en place des mécanismes réglementaires ainsi que des mécanismes volontaires de protection de l’environnement destinés à encadrer les activités des entreprises, qui forment le socle de la politique juridique de conformité environnementale menée par ces entreprises. Les entreprises tentent alors de s’adapter à ces mécanismes juridiques afin de mieux protéger l’environnement, mais aussi afin de devenir plus compétitivesThe aim of the thesis consists of wondering how companies lead their legal politics to get a global performance. In other words, it will be advisable to demonstrate that environmental regulations and voluntary environmental standards which companies and States try to conform, can improve at the same time their environmental protection, their competitiveness, and to a lesser extent their social performance. This environmental compliance has taken a particular development since the big economic phenomena led by the globalization. The globalization is characterized since the 1970s by the advent of an opened market economy in which companies circulate freely from a country to another. This economy is particularly based on free trade of properties, services, technologies, capital, as well as on free circulation of companies themselves. But globalization had led to a serious environmental degradation. In order to meet these challenges as operationally as possible, countries have put regulations and voluntary standards with a view to regulating firms’ activities, that form the basis of a environmental compliance legal policy undertaken by these companies. These companies are trying to adapt to those legal mechanisms in order to better protect the environment, but also to become more competitive
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BARBOSA, JOSE A. M. "Contribuicao a legislacao brasileira no setor de energia nuclear." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9463.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Van, den Berg Adriaan Stefanus Christiaan. "An environmental law framework for cross-border regulation of the gas pipeline between South Africa and Mozambique / by A.S.C. van den Berg." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1778.
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SARMENTO, DANIELE M. "Avaliação dos níveis de radiação ambiental no laboratório de tomografia por emissão de pósitrons acoplada a tomografia computadorizada, microPET/CT." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26611.
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O sistema microPET/CT é um importante equipamento utilizado nas pesquisas de imagem diagnóstica em pequenos animais. O radiofármaco mais usado nesta tecnologia é o fluordeoxiglicose marcado com flúor-18. Este estudo tem como objetivo efetuar o controle radiológico no laboratório de pesquisa microPET/CT do Centro de Radiofarmácia do IPEN-CNEN/SP, de forma a satisfazer tanto as normas nacionais como as recomendações internacionais. O laboratório está classificado pela equipe de radioproteção da instalação como área supervisionada, nas quais embora não seja obrigatória a adoção de medidas específicas de proteção e segurança, devem ser submetidas reavaliações regulares das condições do ambiente de trabalho. Visando assegurar a proteção radiológica dos trabalhadores diretamente envolvidos no manuseio do equipamento, realizou-se o monitoramento do local de trabalho e a avaliação do controle de dose individual. Inicialmente foi feito o monitoramento pré-operacional, isto é, o levantamento radiométrico no laboratório. Além disso, mediu-se nível de radiação externa nas instalações do laboratório e suas adjacências, por meio da colocação de nove dosímetros termoluminescentes (TL) de CaSO4:Dy, em locais previamente selecionados. Os indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos foram avaliados mensalmente por meio do uso de dosímetros TL posicionados no tórax e por medidas de corpo inteiro, tomadas a cada seis meses. O período do estudo foi de dois anos, com início em abril de 2014. Para o controle do microPET/CT realizou-se testes de desempenho de acordo com o protocolo padrão do equipamento e em conformidade com a norma desenvolvida pela força tarefa para estudos com PET em animais Animal PET Standard Task Force. O presente estudo permitiu demonstrar que os níveis de radiação das áreas (estimativas de dose ambiente e dose efetiva), assim como a blindagem do equipamento estão adequados de acordo com os limites da exposição ocupacional. Ressalta-se a importância de se seguir rigorosamente os princípios de radioproteção, já que se trata de pesquisas com fontes radioativas não seladas.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Теліженко, Олександр Михайлович, Александр Михайлович Телиженко, Oleksandr Mykhailovych Telizhenko, and О. А. Найчук. "Торгівля емісійними сертифікатами в системі управління якістю повітря на міждержавному рівні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33138.
Full textAbstract:
Збільшення антропогенного і техногенного навантаження на довкілля внаслідок зростання економіки та низька частка екологічно чистих сучасних технологій не сприяє переходу до екологічно збалансованого сталого розвитку. Тому особливу актуальність сьогодні набувають наукові дослідження, спрямовані на удосконалення існуючої системи управління процесами економічного регулювання захистом навколишнього середовища.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33138
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Douglas, Steven Murray, and u4093670@alumni anu edu au. "Is 'green' religion the solution to the ecological crisis? A case study of mainstream religion in Australia." The Australian National University. Fenner School of Environment and Society, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091111.144835.
Full textAbstract:
A significant and growing number of authors and commentators have proposed that ecologically enlightened (greened) religion is the solution or at least a major part of the solution to the global ecological crisis. These include Birch, 1965 p90; Brindle, 2000; Callicott, 1994; Gardner, 2002, 2003, 2006; Gore Jr., 1992; Gottlieb, 2006, 2007; Hallman, 2000; Hamilton, 2006b, a, 2007b; Hessel & Ruether, 2000b; Hitchcock, 1999; King, 2002; Lerner, 2006a; McDonagh, 1987; McFague, 2001; McKenzie, 2005; Nasr, 1996; Oelschlaeger, 1994; Palmer, 1992; Randers, 1972; Tucker & Grim, 2000; and White Jr., 1967. Proponents offer a variety of reasons for this view, including that the majority of the worlds and many nations people identify themselves as religious, and that there is a large amount of land and infrastructure controlled by religious organisations worldwide. However, the most important reason is that religion is said to have one or more exceptional qualities that can drive and sustain dramatic personal and societal change. The underlying or sometimes overt suggestion is that as the ecological crisis is ultimately a moral crisis, religion is best placed to address the problem at its root.
¶
Proponents of the above views are often religious, though there are many who are not. Many proponents are from the USA and write in the context of the powerful role of religion in that country. Others write in a global context. Very few write from or about the Australian context where the role of religion in society is variously argued to be virtually non-existent, soon to be non-existent, or conversely, profound but covert.
¶
This thesis tests the proposition that religion is the solution to the ecological crisis. It does this using a case study of mainstream religion in Australia, represented by the Catholic, Anglican, and Uniting Churches. The Churches ecological policies and practices are analysed to determine the extent to which these denominations are fulfilling, or might be able to fulfil, the proposition. The primary research method is an Internet-based search for policy and praxis material. The methodology is Critical Human Ecology.
¶
The research finds that: the greening of these denominations is evident; it is a recent phenomenon in the older Churches; there is a growing wealth of environmentalist sentiment and ecological policy being produced; but little institutional praxis has occurred. Despite the often-strong rhetoric, there is no evidence to suggest that ecological concerns, even linked to broader social concerns (termed ecojustice) are core business for the Churches as institutions. Conventional institutional and anthropocentric welfare concerns remain dominant.
¶
Overall, the three Churches struggle with organisational, demographic, and cultural problems that impede their ability to convert their official ecological concerns into institutional praxis. Despite these problems, there are some outstanding examples of ecological policy and praxis in institutional and non-institutional forms that at least match those seen in mainstream secular society.
¶
I conclude that in Australia, mainstream religion is a limited part of the solution to the ecological crisis. It is not the solution to the crisis, at least not in its present institutional form. Institutional Christianity is in decline in Australia and is being replaced by non-institutional Christianity, other religions and non-religious spiritualities (Tacey, 2000, 2003; Bouma, 2006; Tacey, 2007). The ecological crisis is a moral crisis, but in Australia, morality is increasingly outside the domain of institutional religion. The growth of the non-institutional religious and the spiritual but not religious demographic may, if ecologically informed, offer more of a contribution to addressing the ecological crisis in future. This may occur in combination with some of the more progressive movements seen at the periphery of institutional Christianity such as the eco-ministry of Rev. Dr. Jason John in Adelaide, and the Creation Spirituality taught, advocated and practiced by the Mercy Sisters Earth Link project in Queensland.
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Pekovic, Sanja. "Les déterminants et les effets des normes de qualité et d’environnement : analyses microéconométriques à partir de données françaises d’entreprises et de salariés." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST3007/document.
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Ces dernières décennies ont vu l'émergence et le développement de plusieurs pratiques managériales ayant rapport à la qualité et à l'environnement. Néanmoins, l'analyse des raisons de l'adoption de ces pratiques managériales par les entreprises et de leurs effets sur les entreprises et les salariés a été assez peu étudiée par les économistes. Cette thèse contribue à la littérature empirique sur les pratiques managériales liées à la qualité et à l'environnement dans les entreprises en France. Elle est construite autour de trois thèmes majeurs : (1) l'analyse des déterminants d'adoption de ces pratiques managériales, (2) l'étude de leur impact sur des indicateurs de performance d'entreprises et (3) l'étude de leur impact sur des mesures liées aux salariés. La thèse s'articule autour de ces trois axes de recherche en trois parties.Dans la première partie de la thèse, nous présentons les pratiques managériales de qualité et d'environnement, en se concentrant plus particulièrement sur les normes de qualité ISO 9000 et les normes environnementales ISO 14000. Nous étudions les déterminants de l'adoption des ces normes de qualité et d'environnement. Nous montrons dans un premier temps que les déterminants de l'adoption des normes de qualité sont différents dans les secteurs de l'industrie et des services, plus précisément du point de vue de la stratégie interne de ces entreprises (amélioration de la qualité, réduction des coûts et innovation). En revanche, certaines caractéristiques d'entreprises (taille, appartenance à un groupe financier, expérience avec d'autres normes) et des caractéristiques décrivant la stratégie externe des entreprises (niveau d'exportation et satisfaction des clients) ont le même effet dans l'adoption de ces normes dans les deux secteurs. Dans un second temps, nous analysons les déterminants de l'adoption de la norme ISO 14001 et de l'Engagement de Progrès dans des entreprises de l'industrie chimique. Nous montrons que les deux systèmes analysés ont des déterminants différents : d'un côté, les principaux déterminants de l'adoption de la norme ISO 14001 sont la taille de l'entreprise, l'expérience avec d'autres normes, obligations d'information et la localisation géographique des clients et d'un autre côté, les principaux déterminants de l'Engagement de Progrès sont la pression réglementaire, avoir rencontré des problèmes environnementaux dans le passé et prévoir des risques environnementaux futurs.Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous analysons si les normes de qualité et d'environnement conduisent les entreprises à de meilleures performances, en utilisant une palette riche d'indicateurs de performance d'entreprises. Nous montrons que les normes de qualité ont un impact positif sur le chiffre d'affaires et certains indicateurs de performance d'innovation et de productivité. En revanche, elle n'ont pas d'effet sur le profit et sur d'autres mesures de performance d'innovation. Concernant les normes environnementales, nous montrons qu'elles améliorent le chiffre d'affaires et les pratiques de recrutement des personnels qualifiés et des personnels non qualifiés, mais n'ont pas d'impact sur le profit des entreprises. Enfin, notre investigation montre que le fait de mettre en place simultanément des normes de qualité et d'environnement améliore plus fortement les performances des entreprises par rapport à l'adoption séparée de ces normes.La troisième partie de la thèse étudie les effets des normes de qualité et d'environnement sur des mesures liées aux salariés. Les normes de qualité augmentent les risques d'accident, mais n'ont pas d'effet sur les accidents de travail entraînant un arrêt. Concernant les normes environnementales, nous montrons qu'elles améliorent significativement les conditions de travail à travers la diminution des accidents. De plus, les salariés qui travaillent dans des entreprises qui adoptent des normes environnementales considèrent que leur travail est davantage utile pour la société et ils ressentent une meilleure reconnaissance de leur travail. Ainsi, les normes environnementales augmentent le sentiment de bien-être des salariés.Nous montrons également que les salariés travaillant dans des entreprises ayant adopté des normes environnementales ne se déclarent pas plus impliqués dans leur travail et pourtant font davantage d'heures supplémentaires non rémunérées que les salariés d'entreprises n'ayant pas pris d'engagements similaires en matière de protection de l'environnementThe scope and magnitude of changes occurring in business today has led to great interest in and widespread adoption of Quality and Environmental Management approaches. However, despite their prevalence, efforts at understanding the motives for their adoption, as well as their effects on firm and employee outcomes, are still in their infancy. This PhD dissertation provides useful theoretical and empirical contributions to three research topics dealing with Quality and Environmental Management approaches in the French institutional framework: (1) the determinants of their adoption, (2) their impact on firm outcomes and (3) their impact on employee outcomes. These three aspects make up the three parts of this PhD thesis.In part I, we define and characterise quality and environmental approaches with a special focus on ISO 9000 Quality Management standards and ISO 14000 Environmental Management standards. Furthermore, we empirically examine the determinants of quality and environmental standards adoption. Our findings reveal that the determinants of quality standards significantly differ between manufacturing and service firms, particularly when we examine features of the internal strategy of those firms (quality improvement, cost reduction and innovation). However, we have also obtained evidence which indicates that the characteristics of firms (firm size, corporate status and previous experience with similar standards) and features of their external strategy (export levels and customer satisfaction) play a significant role in quality standards adoption across both the manufacturing and service sectors. Moreover, we empirically investigate the determinants of chemical firms' registration for the ISO 14001 standard or the Responsible Care program. We show that most determinants are different for the two systems analysed: while firm size, previous experience with similar standards, information disclosure requirements and customer location are major determinants of ISO 14001 standard registration, regulatory pressure, past environmental problems and future risks are the main drivers of Responsible Care registration.In part II, we empirically investigate whether quality and environmental standards are related to better firm performance using various sets of performance measures. The evidence indicates that quality standards positively influence turnover and specific indicators of innovation performance and productivity, but have no impact on profit and some other innovation performance measures. Based on our empirical findings, we conclude that while environmental standards improve turnover and recruitment of both professional and non professional employees, they have no effect on profit. Moreover, the research shows that implementing both quality and environmental standards is likely to better enhance firm outcomes than implementing only one standard.Part III is focused on the effect of quality and environmental standards on employee outcomes. The estimation results show that quality standards increase the risk of employee accidents although more specifically they are ineffective on working accidents that lead to sick leave. On the other hand, our results lead to the conclusion that environmental standards add significantly to the enhancement of working conditions, via the reduction of accidents. Furthermore, the obtained evidence shows that environmental standards seem to improve employee well-being. More precisely, employees working for firms that are certified for an environmental standard report greater feelings of usefulness about their job and declare that they are more often fairly valued in their jobs. The evidence also shows that employees working for environmentally certified firms do not claim to be significantly more involved in their job but they are more likely, ceteris paribus, to work uncompensated for sup plementary work hours than “non green workers”
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Scarfe, Bradley Edward. "Oceanographic Considerations for the Management and Protection of Surfing Breaks." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2668.
Full textAbstract:
Although the physical characteristics of surfing breaks are well described in the literature, there is little specific research on surfing and coastal management. Such research is required because coastal engineering has had significant impacts to surfing breaks, both positive and negative. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment methods, a central tenet of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), are recommended by this thesis to maximise surfing amenities. The research reported here identifies key oceanographic considerations required for ICZM around surfing breaks including: surfing wave parameters; surfing break components; relationship between surfer skill, surfing manoeuvre type and wave parameters; wind effects on waves; currents; geomorphic surfing break categorisation; beach-state and morphology; and offshore wave transformations. Key coastal activities that can have impacts to surfing breaks are identified. Environmental data types to consider during coastal studies around surfing breaks are presented and geographic information systems (GIS) are used to manage and interpret such information. To monitor surfing breaks, a shallow water multibeam echo sounding system was utilised and a RTK GPS water level correction and hydrographic GIS methodology developed. Including surfing in coastal management requires coastal engineering solutions that incorporate surfing. As an example, the efficacy of the artificial surfing reef (ASR) at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, was evaluated. GIS, multibeam echo soundings, oceanographic measurements, photography, and wave modelling were all applied to monitor sea floor morphology around the reef. Results showed that the beach-state has more cellular circulation since the reef was installed, and a groin effect on the offshore bar was caused by the structure within the monitoring period, trapping sediment updrift and eroding sediment downdrift. No identifiable shoreline salient was observed. Landward of the reef, a scour hole ~3 times the surface area of the reef has formed. The current literature on ASRs has primarily focused on reef shape and its role in creating surfing waves. However, this study suggests that impacts to the offshore bar, beach-state, scour hole and surf zone hydrodynamics should all be included in future surfing reef designs. More real world reef studies, including ongoing monitoring of existing surfing reefs are required to validate theoretical concepts in the published literature.
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SILVA, MIRNA M. S. e. "Processo oxidativo avançado com ozônio de efluentes contaminados por manganês e outros metais pesados originados na drenagem ácida em mina de urânio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27501.
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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-05-25T13:07:01Z
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Durante a exploração de uma mina, vários impactos são causados no meio ambiente, entre eles a geração da drenagem ácida de minas (DAM), que consiste da exposição de minerais sulfetados ao ar, água e microorganismos do tipo ferroxidantes, apresentando reações de oxidação e formação de ácido sulfúrico solubilizando metais ali presentes contaminando o solo e as águas. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estudar uma solução tecnológica fazendo uso da oxidação avançada com ozônio de metais pesados presentes em efluentes contaminados, em mina de urânio, com especial foco na remoção do manganês. A mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil INB, em Caldas, Minas Gerais, local de aplicação deste estudo, enfrenta o problema da DAM e tem como principais contaminantes de suas águas superficiais os elementos, alumínio (Al), manganês (Mn), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe), sulfatos (SO4+2), fluoretos (F-), metais de terras raras, alem do urânio (U) e do tório (Th). Os testes com ozônio realizados em laboratório com os efluentes da INB e in situ, mostraram uma grande eficiência para remoção do ferro, manganês e cério em até 99%. A concentração total de manganês ficou abaixo dos limites estabelecidos pela resolução 430 e 357 do CONAMA. Elementos como neodímio (Nd), lantânio (La) e zinco (Zn) pouco se oxidam com O3. O Al se mantém praticamente inalterado, enquanto que o tório e o urânio decaem, mas com o passar do tempo de ozonização voltam a se concentrar, porém com um valor inferior ao inicial. O precipitado obtido após a ozonização consiste de até 85% de oxido de manganês. A fim de descartar, após a ozonização, o efluente líquido para o ambiente é necessário uma correção do pH, de modo a atender os parâmetros da legislação CONAMA, sendo utilizado 50 a 86% menos reagente (CaOH2), do que as quantidades utilizadas no processo adotado pela INB.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Ozusaglam, Serdal. "Essays on eco-innovation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB002/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le Chapitre 1 propose un survol de la littérature consacrée à l'éco-innovation. A la lumière des travaux passés en revue, l'éco-innovation n’est pas encore un concept bien stabilisé : sa définition même continue d'évoluer, appelant des corrections et des précisions. Ce chapitre accorde une attention particulière au rôle de la règlementation, qui est souvent présentée dans la littérature comme un déterminant essentiel de l'éco-innovation, notamment quand l'innovation concerne un procédé de fabrication. Une controverse demeure à ce propos, en particulier quand la règlementation repose sur des normes environnementales peu contraignantes, voire facultatives (telle la norme ISO 14001). Le processus de diffusion de l'éco-innovation est un autre objet de controverse dans la littérature.[...]. Le Chapitre 2 va donc s'intéresser au premier point de controverse, à savoir le rôle des règlementations environnementales ayant une dimension facultative, comme les normes de type ISO 14001. A l'aide d'une analyse par appariement sur les scores de propension, nous examinons l'effet de l'adoption de normes de type ISO 140001 sur la performance des entreprises (mesurée à partir de la Valeur Ajoutée).[...] Le Chapitre 3 s'intéresse à savoir le processus de diffusion de l'éco-innovation. En raison des contraintes posées par les données disponibles, cette investigation se fait du point de vue des barrières à, et des déterminants de, l'innovation environnementale.[...] Le Chapitre 4 exploitant les données des Enquêtes Communautaires sur l'Innovation de 2008 (CIS 2008), qui contiennent un module spécifiquement dédié à l’éco-innovation. Ainsi, à la différence du chapitre 3, nous établissons – à l'aide du module spécifique de l'enquête – une typologie originale permettant de distinguer, parmi les entreprises éco-innovantes: (1) les entreprises adoptant une éco-innovation de manière passive, (2) les entreprises adoptant tardivement une éco-innovation de manière stratégique, (3) les entreprises adoptant précocement une éco-innovation de manière stratégique, (4) les éco-innovateurs stratégiques tardifs et (5) les éco-innovateurs stratégiques précoces.[...]Environmental innovation or eco-innovation is considered one of the most significant paradigm shifts in the innovation behaviour. The specificity of eco innovation lies in the fact that environmental improvement, in addition to technological advancement, is the main reason of its development. By combining these two objectives, eco-innovation has become one of primary tools in the search to solve the world’s environmental problems and sustainability challenges. Despite its prevalence, there is still more to be discovered within the eco-innovation literature. The drivers of and barriers to eco-innovation discussion is one of the most significant amongst all. More notably, the role of a firm’s social, technological, economic and organizational characteristics within the eco-innovation process has been little studied. With this Ph.D. thesis we aim to fill the existing gap with four distinct research articles. [...] Chapter 2 investigates, firstly, whether firms’ internal characteristics have an impact on the adoption of voluntary environmental standards. Secondly, the causal effect of adoption of environmental standards on the firms performance. Based on the empirical evidence obtained, we show that medium-size, high-tech manufacturing firms operating at the EU level and using quality standards are more likely to adopt these standards earlier. [...] In Chapter 3, we stressed the significance of a firm’s structural characteristics in another context and aimed at investigating the role these characteristics play in realization of product and/or process eco-innovation. [...] In Chapter 4 we moved forward the analyses conducted in Chapter 3 to another context and examined the influence of firm’s economic, technological, organisational capabilities on the eco-innovation behaviour for different types of product, process, organisational or marketing eco-innovators. The results of our empirical analyses point out the marginal impacts of firm’s characteristics changes with respect to type of eco-innovator. [...]
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Rollin, Jérôme. "Normes environnementales et diversité périurbaine : Les enjeux de la professionnalisation de l'assainissement non collectif." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986712.
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Ce travail de thèse interroge l'application différenciée des politiques publiques et ses dynamiques. À travers l'étude de huit services publics d'assainissement non collectif, situés dans des espaces périurbains provençaux, hauts-alpins, vauclusiens et rhônalpins, la réflexion met en valeur les tensions entre des normes réglementaires et techniques d'une part et, d'autre part, des territoires disposant de ressources variables pour les appliquer. S'appuyant sur une démarche quantitative et qualitative auprès d'institutions et d'usagers, cette recherche met en évidence la grande différenciation des Spanc. Celle-ci s'explique par la difficulté, pour les Spanc, de s'imposer dans un jeu d'acteurs complexe et face à des usagers souvent récalcitrants. Notre recherche montre, au final, que la professionnalisation des agents de ces services, qui suppose le développement d'une identité, d'une culture et de pratiques communes, permet de réduire les différences d'application de la politique publique.
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Searle, Deane. "Low Intensity Conflict: Contemporary Approaches and Strategic Thinking." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2591.
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Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) is a significant feature of the contemporary world and it is a particular challenge to the armed forces of many states which are involved is such conflict, or are likely to become so. This thesis is not concerned with how such difficult conflict situations arise. Rather it is concerned with how, from the point of view of the state, they may be contained and ultimately brought to a satisfactory resolution. The work is thus concerned with the practicalities of ending LIC. More specifically, the purpose of this research is to establish a framework of doctrinal and military principles applicable to the prevention and resolution of LIC. The principles of this thesis are based in numerous historical examples of LIC and six in depth case studies. These distilled principles are analysed in two central chapters, and are then applied in two latter defence force chapters so as to ensure there practicality and resilience. Numerous defence academics and military practitioners have been consulted in the production of this thesis; their contribution has further reinforced the functionality of the principles examined in this research. The research illustrates the criticality of a holistic approach to LIC. The function of this approach is to guarantee the stability of the sovereign state, by unifying civil, police, intelligence and military services. The effectiveness of the military elements must also be ensured, as military force is central to the suppression of LIC. Consequently, the research makes strategic and operational prescriptions, so as to improve the capability of defence forces that are concerned with preventing or resolving LIC.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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London, Ray William. "Comparative data protection and security : a critical evaluation of legal standards." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13859.
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This study1 addresses the key information technology issues of the age and
its unintended consequences. The issues include social control by
businesses, governments, and information age Star Chambers. The study
focuses on a comparative analysis of data protection, data security, and
information privacy (DPSIP) laws, regulations, and practices in five countries.
The countries include Australia, Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom,
and the United States. The study addresses relevant international legal
standards and justifications. This multidisciplinary analysis includes a
systems thinking approach from a legal, business, governmental, policy,
political theory, psychosocial, and psychological perspective. The study
implements a comparative law and sociolegal research strategy. Historic,
linguistic, and statistical strategies are applied. The study concludes with a
next step proposal, based on the research, for the international community,
the five countries in the study, and specifically, South Africa as it has yet to
enact a sound DPSIP approach.LL. D.
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London, R. W. "Comparative data protection and security : a critical evealuation of legal standards." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13859.
Full textAbstract:
This study1 addresses the key information technology issues of the age and
its unintended consequences. The issues include social control by
businesses, governments, and information age Star Chambers. The study
focuses on a comparative analysis of data protection, data security, and
information privacy (DPSIP) laws, regulations, and practices in five countries.
The countries include Australia, Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom,
and the United States. The study addresses relevant international legal
standards and justifications. This multidisciplinary analysis includes a
systems thinking approach from a legal, business, governmental, policy,
political theory, psychosocial, and psychological perspective. The study
implements a comparative law and sociolegal research strategy. Historic,
linguistic, and statistical strategies are applied. The study concludes with a
next step proposal, based on the research, for the international community,
the five countries in the study, and specifically, South Africa as it has yet to
enact a sound DPSIP approach.LL.D. (Laws)
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Howes, Michael. "Putting the pieces together : sustainable industry, environment protection, and the power of the Federal government in the USA and Australia / Michael Howes." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19518.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 318-346.v, 346 leaves ; 30 cm.
This thesis explores the subject of how effective a national government environment protection institution can be in making industry sustainable.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1999
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Myint, Than. "Erosion mitigation practices for stream protection in the Eden woodchip area." Master's thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/115481.
Full textAbstract:
Field inspections to establish the frequency of occurrence and the length of sediment tongues
around the boundaries of drainage lines of logged coupes on the granite soils in the Eden Woodchip
Area, New South Wales showed that a sediment tongue occurs for every
0.5 km of drainage line but that sediment tongues penetrate to drainage lines on average once per
2.4 km of drainage line.
When the lengths of sediment tongues are compared with the provisions for buffer strip width, it is
concluded that, for slopes for up to 20*, a width of buffer strip of 20 metres is conservative.
Associated studies of the source of sediment in sediment tongues, using the isotopes Cs-137 and
Be-7, showed that the source of the sediment was almost entirely from the snig tracks. The methods
used are promising for the study of sediment tongues.
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Saywell, David Russell. "Participation in environmental policy and decision making in Australia : a story of the politics of consensus and unholy alliances." Master's thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147893.
Full text
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Kehoe, Josephine Ann. "The making and implementation of environmental laws in Queensland : the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) and the Land Act 1994 (Qld)." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109352.
Full textAbstract:
Land policy and law are fundamental to the development of the State of Queensland; and instrumental in wreaking disastrous environmental consequences on privately held rural land. Such policy and laws have been indelibly shaped by prolonged political cycles and ideologies of successive State administrations. In the second half of the 1950s, a non-Labor government took office and held power for 32 years. This era encouraged, and often legally required, unsustainable land management practices. The demise of this conservative regime came in 1989: Queensland Labor took office and enacted a raft of environmental laws as part of a general shift towards biodiversity conservation. This research was undertaken primarily during this latest Queensland Labor administration. Two environmental statutes were examined. The Vegetation Management Act 1999 (Qld) (VMA) was a new statute enacted to redress the effects of broadscale land clearing on freehold land. The Land Act 1994 (Qld) (LA) was an existing statute upon which requirements for sustainable management on leasehold land were grafted. The aim of this thesis has been to advance understanding of natural resource legislation and contribute to the body of knowledge on State environmental laws. Each law is examined in the traditional doctrinal manner, adopting a conventional positivist approach and accompanied by socio-legal research. This methodology brings an insight into environmental law and the reality of the Queensland legislature and legal practice. This is achieved by analysing the circumstances which led to the creation of each law, including the political and parliamentary setting within which the laws were made; and by exploring the process of implementation. To assist the focus of this study, the thesis explores a series of research questions. Each designed to elicit an understanding of the making and implementation of environmental laws and to effectively link each component of the thesis to provide an integrated work. Both environmental laws aimed to rectify the degradation of rural land caused by unsustainable policy and law. Notwithstanding this common environmental endeavour, the making and implementation of each statute differed. The VMA has been one of the most controversial pieces of legislation to be made and implemented in the last decade of the Queensland parliament; conversely, amendments to the LA, never reached the same level of controversy. This thesis ultimately asks why the statutes differed and advances a range of explanatory reasons. By exploring this question, the thesis aims to show that the public environmental good, and long-term sustainability of rural land, can be more readily achieved with leasehold title. The concern, as discussed in the concluding chapter, is that leasehold tenure might be facing its own expiry in Queensland.
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Sarker, Tapan Kumar. "An empirical examination of factors influencing managers' environmental investment decisions in the Australian offshore petroleum industry." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150445.
Full text
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Watson, Ian. "Class analysis and environmental politics : timber workers and conservationists in Northern New South Wales 1960-1986." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131957.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I explore the conflicts which have arise between middle class' conservationists and working class timber communities. I examine the New South Wales rainforest controversy as a case study and seek to place the animosity and hostility which arose there within the context of class analysis. At the same time, I integrate other important dimensions of social life, particularly rural ideologies and ideologies of masculinity, into an overall analysis of class power. I show that important cultural divisions underlaid the political conflict, particularly differing conceptions of nature and history, and that these had their roots in different labour processes.
After introducing my theoretical framework, I provide an economic context for my cultural analysis by examining the restructuring of the north coast hardwood timber industry during the 1960s and 1970s. This is followed by two chapters which analyse the labour process in the timber industry. Here I explore both class struggles on the shop-floor and cultural productions which arise within the workplace and in rural communities. The subsequent chapters focus more closely on environmental politics. I analyse the New South Wales rainforest campaign by offering a critique of 'pluralist' political strategies and I then locate this campaign within a wider context by briefly overviewing the anti -uranium and green bans campaigns of the 1970s. One of my major conclusions is that environmental politics is flawed by the neglect by activists of the class effects of their political activities. Assessments of political campaigns solely in terms of ecological goals are seriously deficient because they fail to register how conservationists' actions facilitate capitalist strategies of industry restructuring and thereby further entrench capitalist class power.
Theoretically, my thesis is based on principles of 'realist' methodology and I use concepts drawn from labour process theory, class analysis, and the theory of ideology. The thesis is heavily weighted toward oral history material, gathered during field work interviews on the north coast of New South Wales. I analyse this material using 'popular memory' theory and other studies of working class culture. In so doing, the thesis provides timber workers with a voice in a debate which has largely been dominated by 'middle class' conservationists.
Politically, the thesis is an intervention into current debates about new social movements and their relationship to the left. I argue that an effective alliance between socialists and environmentalists entails a rejection of wilderness politics in favour of urban environmental issues.
I conclude that 'pluralist' political strategies of lobbying for state- conferred concessions should be rejected in favour of strategies which develop alternative economic programmes at local and regional levels.
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Quinn, Michael Joseph. "Possessing the West : the public management of the Western Division of New South Wales, 1880s to 1930s." Phd thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143454.
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Robinson, Alice. "Landfall: reading and writing Australia through climate change." Thesis, 2012. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24440/.
Full textAbstract:
This creative writing thesis begins with the premise that climate change poses critical outcomes for the Australian continent, and asks what the consequences of this are as the precariousness of Australia’s future in relation to climate change continues to gather pace.
Comprising a novel (70%) and exegesis (30%), the thesis as a whole seeks to explore the connections between climate change, land and culture in Australia, and to investigate settler Australian understandings regarding ‘place’, ‘belonging’ and ‘home’ in relation to both settlement and unsettledness in contemporary times.
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Smith, Kirby. "Behavioural ecology of the critically endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) and the interaction with scuba diving tourism off eastern Australia." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/31019/.
Full textAbstract:
The critically endangered grey nurse shark (Carcharias taurus) off eastern Australia is the focus of a non-consumptive, economically important marine wildlife tourism (MWT) industry centred on scuba diving with the sharks. This industry has been identified as a potential threat to the continued survival and recovery of the species. Legislative guidelines and a national code of conduct for scuba diver behaviour were developed to mitigate adverse impacts of MWT on the sharks. This research assessed the putative impacts of scuba diving MWT on grey nurse shark behaviour and the efficacy of management strategies across differing life-history stages and aggregation sites. Underwater stereo-video photogrammetry was used to develop a partial ethogram of the swimming and non-swimming behaviours of grey nurse sharks at locations within aggregation sites during daylight hours without MWT. Predominantly low-energy behaviours were exhibited and no threatening agonistic behaviours were observed. Underwater visual census also documented primarily low-activity swimming behaviours in sharks during interactions with MWT scuba divers of varying demographics and revealed absolute diver compliance with management guidelines. Passive acoustic telemetry showed sharks may have exhibited more active swimming when patrolling between two locations within a site but adopted low-energy swimming behaviours for the majority of the time during daylight hours regardless of scuba diving MWT. Sharks at differing life-history stages probably conserved energy at aggregation sites in association with their migratory movements and reproductive cycles. Differences in the swimming and patrolling behaviours of sharks were attributed to natural variation in environmental conditions (i.e. topography and currents) at the sites as they were not consistent with scuba diving MWT activity. This research strongly suggested that management strategies are effective at protecting the east Australian population of grey nurse sharks from MWT disturbance. Consequently, the grey nurse shark scuba diving MWT industry in its current form is ecologically and economically sustainable.
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Nigra, Anne. "Arsenic Exposure in US Drinking Water: Spatial Patterns, Temporal Trends, and Related Mortalities." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-wkvz-4826.
Full textAbstract:
Reducing population exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), a known carcinogen and highly toxic metalloid of great public health concern, remains an ongoing challenge worldwide and in the United States (US). In the US, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for total arsenic in public drinking water supplies through the Safe Drinking Water Act. In 2001, the US EPA implemented the Final Arsenic Rule, which lowered the MCL for arsenic in public drinking water supplies from 50 to 10 µg/L. Reductions in iAs exposure and subsequent related disease associated with this important regulatory change have not been quantified. Currently, no national-level exposure estimates of iAs drinking water exposure are available for US residents reliant on public drinking water. There is a critical need to identify susceptible subgroups of the US population who remain at risk for elevated iAs drinking water exposure. This dissertation aimed to quantify the reduction in drinking water iAs exposure resulting from the US EPA MCL regulatory change, to estimate drinking water iAs exposure for US residents reliant on public drinking water, to identify susceptible subgroups across the US whose water iAs remains high, and to determine if iAs exposure was associated with heart disease mortality in the general US population. Chapter 1 provides background information necessary to contextualize the work contained in this dissertation.
In Chapter 2, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of dietary sources of iAs exposure in the Strong Heart Family Study, a cohort of American Indian adults followed primarily for cardiovascular disease, using a self-reported food frequency questionnaire and urinary iAs measurements. Self-reported intake of rice, organ meat, processed meat, and non-alcoholic drinks was associated with increased urinary iAs concentrations. Diet alone explained only 3% of total variability in urinary iAs concentrations, indicating that the majority of iAs exposure for SHFS participants occurs from drinking water.
Second, (in Chapter 3), we explored trends in water iAs exposure in the general US population associated with the EPA’s MCL change using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003-2014, separately for participants reliant on public drinking water vs. private well water (which is not subject to US EPA regulation). We estimated that implementation of the new US EPA MCL was associated with a 17% reduction in drinking water iAs exposure for all participants reliant on public drinking water; the corresponding reduction was 32% for Mexican-American participants. No reduction was observed for participants reliant on private wells.
Third (in Chapter 4), we estimated drinking water iAs exposure at the community water system and county-level across the entire US from 2006-2011 using the US EPA’s Six Year Review of Contaminant Occurrence database. We estimated that nationwide public drinking water iAs concentrations decreased by 8.5% and 21.6% at the 80th and 99th percentiles of the water iAs distribution in accordance with the MCL implementation, with significant differences across US subgroups. Greater decreases in iAs concentrations were reported for systems reliant on groundwater, systems serving smaller populations, and systems in the Northeast, Central Midwest, and Southwestern regions of the US. Susceptible subgroups whose public drinking water iAs exposure remains high include populations served by small community water systems reliant on groundwater, communities in the Southwestern US, Semi-Urban, Hispanic communities, and Rural, American Indian communities.
Fourth (in Chapter 5), we assessed six-year average arsenic concentrations in community water systems exclusively serving correctional facilities in the US (e.g. prisons, jails, detention centers) compared to other community water systems. Average arsenic concentrations were twice as high in correctional facility community water systems located in the Southwest (6.41 µg/L, 95% CI 3.48, 9.34) compared to all other community water systems in the Southwest (3.11 µg/L, 95% CI 2.97, 3.24). Over a quarter of correctional facility systems in the Southwest reported a six-year average arsenic concentration exceeding the 10 µg/L MCL. Persons incarcerated in the Southwestern US were at disproportionate risk of drinking water arsenic exposure and related disease from 2006-2011.
Fifth (in Chapter 6), we multiply imputed urinary arsenic concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD) in NHANES 2003-2016 using a Bayesian Tobit regression model. Epidemiological analyses of urinary arsenic data in NHANES are limited by the relatively high analytical LODs and large proportion of participants with undetectable values. Distributions of urinary arsenic originally reported in NHANES, which replace values below the LOD with the LOD divided by the square root of two, likely overestimate iAs exposure at the lowest exposure levels and may introduce significant bias. Bayesian-multiply imputed datasets may improve the assessment of iAs exposure in cohorts with high analytical LODs for arsenic species.
Finally (in Chapter 7), we evaluated the association between urinary iAs concentrations (internal dose) and heart disease mortality as recorded in the National Death Index in NHANES 2003-2014 participants. We found a positive but non-significant prospective association between increasing iAs exposure and heart disease mortality for all participants (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.77, 1.70), and a significant positive association for non-Hispanic white participants using flexible spline models. Geometric mean ratios of iAs exposure were higher among cases compared to non-cases, especially for Mexican-American participants (1.30, 95% CI 0.90, 1.88). These findings further support the potential association between low- to moderate- iAs exposure and cardiovascular disease in the US population, and indicate that further high-quality prospective studies of Hispanic and Latino Americans are needed to investigate the potential increased susceptibility of Mexican-Americans to iAs-related cardiovascular disease.
Taken together, these studies suggest that while the implementation of the US EPA’s 10 µg/L MCL has reduced drinking water arsenic exposure for many Americans reliant on public drinking water systems, these reductions were not uniform across all US populations. Populations who remain at risk of elevated drinking water arsenic exposure include those reliant on domestic wells, those located in the Southwest, persons incarcerated in the Southwest, tribal communities, and Hispanic communities. Further high-quality epidemiologic research is needed to evaluate the association between low- to moderate iAs exposure and cardiovascular disease in these populations. Stronger federal regulations, targeted compliance enforcement and technical assistance, and other public health interventions are needed to reduce drinking water arsenic exposure in these communities.