Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Tsaryk, Petro, Ihor VITENKO, and Volodymyr Tsaryk. "RIVER-BASIN SYSTEMS OF SMALL RIVERS OF THE WESTERN PODILLYA IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC LOADS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.17.
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The results of complex studies of the basins of the small rivers Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava, from the point of view of the transformation of natural complexes, the introduction of optimal forms of nature use and effective systems of nature protection for the effective management of the process of ecological, social and economic development are highlighted. Land use optimization models of basin systems have been developed, and an integrated network of nature conservation areas and protected and recreational facilities has been substantiated. The conducted comparative analysis of hydro-ecological, nature protection and land use parameters made it possible to establish.
The problems of nature management and nature protection in the river basin are closely related. Analysis of the structure of nature use, the ratio of ecologically safe and ecologically dangerous forms within the upper, middle and lower reaches of river valleys demonstrates the degree of balanced nature use and the effectiveness of nature protection regimes.
The development of the materials of the monograph took place in the process of field research by the authors as part of data collection for writing candidate and master theses. In addition, the authors rely on their own publications in scientific periodicals and approbation of materials in reports at scientific forums on the problems of nature management and nature protection in the basins of the small rivers Dzhuryn, Nichlava, and Gnizna.
Special attention is paid to small rivers, because they perform extremely important functions in the formation of the hydrological regime of surface waters, directly influencing the system of relations with the local population, being in natural resource relations with them. Small rivers are the only water arteries in settlements, performing economic, recreation and health, aesthetic, climate-regulatory functions. Their general condition is derived from the peculiarities of interaction of local communities with the natural environment, which is based on the principles of productive life of people in harmony with nature. Achieving harmonious relationships primarily depends on the level of ecological culture of citizens, their tolerant and responsible attitude towards nature.
The small rivers of Western Podillia: Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava were considered in a comparative analysis with the aim of highlighting general and individual deviations of basic parameters from their normative values, substantiating measures for their optimization. The object of the research is the basins of small rivers of Western Podillia: Dzhuryn, Gnizna, Nichlava. The subject is a comparative analysis of hydrogeoecological and nature protection parameters of anthropogenic influence on their basins.
The general similarity of the natural and climatic conditions of the territory, the proximity of the location does not guarantee the similarity of anthropogenic loads on river basins.
The conducted comparative analysis of hydroecological and nature protection parameters of river basins demonstrated. low forest coverage of the territories, which will contribute to increased soil erosion, a specific water and wind regime, less intensive assimilation of greenhouse gases, etc. The indicators of the protection of river basins differ significantly, but all of them are significantly inferior to the optimal value within 10.5%. The indicators of plowing of river basins differ significantly. They are significantly higher than the normative ones by approximately 2 times. The negative consequences of excessive plowing are manifested in increased erosion processes, activation of surface runoff into the river washed humus horizon with mineral, organic fertilizers, toxic chemicals, which definitely manifests itself in the deterioration of water quality. The high built-up area of the Nichlava river basin has a negative impact on the growth of pollution by domestic sewage, solid household waste, the absence of water protection zones within the boundaries of settlements, etc. In general, we have reason to claim that the river landscapes are highly economically developed due to the dominance of anthropogenic lands, on almost 2/3 of the area. Accordingly, the indices of anthropogenic transformation of natural lands by economic activity are high.
Key words: small river, Western Podillia, Gnizna, Dzhuryn, Nichlava.
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Невзоров, Борис, Boris Nevzorov, Т. Невзоров, and T. Nevzorov. "TERMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY IN KUZBASS: NOXOLOGICAL APPROACH." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Biological, Engineering and Earth Sciences 2017, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-2448-2017-1-104-114.
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<p>The article features some aspects of ecological environment in an industrial region, which characterize potential (artificial, man-induced) ecological threats that compose the noxosphere, i. e. constantly or periodically hazardous environment. In spite of the fact that noxology (science of hazards) is actively developing and there are numerous scientific approaches to ecological safety issues, the noxological approach is not adequately reflected in science media. In our attempt to fill this gap we use the following interpretation: noxological approach is a set of scientific and practical methods based on the semantic concept of noxosphere aimed at the transformation of hazardous objects and protective measures needed to ensure the environmental safety of the natural environment and human society. The paper presents some research results concerning environmental hazards, describing the impact on natural environment and man in a complex industrial region, and discusses them from the standpoint of noxological approach. As legal basis for noxological approach the authors use scientific ecological and legal interpretations, in particular, Articles 2 and especially 9 of the Constitution [1; 2, p. 5] on man and land (natural environment). Since "... nature is a value in itself, due to the fact that it is the source of life, but not only that of man", and degradation and extinction (an imbalance in biodiversity, i. e. expansion of noxosphere) of other organisms, more susceptible to changes in the natural environment, it means – for humans – that they will suffer the same fate. This process serves as an indicator of risk. This implies that "there will be no man without a favorable state of nature. And "in the context of meeting the global challenges of biodiversity, only an ecocentric concept of nature protection can be legally recognized and formalized" [2, p. 7]. In our understanding, the use noxological approach to environmental safety assessment could serve the development of ideas of socio-natural interactions and their optimization not only in line with technological solutions, but also in the process of changing the way of thinking and the formation of noxological culture through the synthesis of important traditions and perception of nature and all things natural as a full subject in conjunction with man. As an illustration of the relevance of the noxological approach concept, we consider some research data and results of practical studies performed by Kuzbass scientists aimed at preserving a balanced biodiversity in a coal mining environment. The information system they developed allows one to keep track of growing hazards and assess the risks of their development, in order to make the best decisions for the preservation of the natural environment in the context of heavy anthropogenic impact, which determines the conditions of environmental safety. We believe this approach corresponds to the principle of "balanced development".</p>
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PEROV, ROMAN A., OLEG S. LAUTA, ALEXANDER M. KRIBEL, and YURI V. FEDULOV. "A METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN NETWORK TRAFFIC." H&ES Research 14, no. 3 (2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2409-5419-2022-14-3-25-31.
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Introduction. Computer networks (CN) are highly developed systems with a multi-level hierarchical structure. The use of information and communication technologies in the CN to collect information allows an attacker to influence networks through cyber-attacks. This is facilitated by the massive use of outdated operating systems, ineffective protection mechanisms and the presence of multiple vulnerabilities in unsecured network protocols. Such vulnerabilities help a potential attacker to change the settings of network devices, listen and redirect traffic, block network interaction and gain unauthorized access to the internal components of the CN. The impact of cyber-attacks leads to the appearance of abnormal traffic activity in the CN. For its constant monitoring and detection in the CN, it is necessary to take into account the presence of a large number of network routes, on which sharp fluctuations in data transmission delays and large packet losses periodically occur, new properties of network traffic appear, which requires ensuring high quality of application service. All this served as an incentive to search for new methods of detecting and predicting cyber-attacks fractal analysis can also be attributed to them. The aim of the work is to develop a conceptual method for detecting anomalies caused by cyber-attacks in network traffic through the use of fractal analysis. Methods used. The main provisions of the fractal theory and the use of self-similarity assessment methods proposed by this theory, such as the extended Dickey-Fuller test, R/S analysis and the DFA method, are applied. When testing fractal methods that allow conducting studies of long-term dependencies in network traffic. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the proposed method correctly identifies anomalies caused by the impact of cyber-attacks, and also allows you to predict and detect both known and unknown computer attacks at an early stage of their manifestation. Practical significance. The presented methodology can be used as an early detection system for cyber-attacks, based on the detection of anomalies in network traffic and the adoption of effective measures to protect the network.
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Dörr, H., U. Werner, S. Drenkhard, R. Bayer, and P. Schlosser. "The Use of Isotope Methods in Groundwater Protection Studies." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 31, no. 1 (July 1995): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256019508036252.
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Okonkwo, Theodore. "Environmental Constitutionalism in the United States and Nigeria: Recognizing Environmental Rights." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 7 (June 19, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i7.2497.
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Environmental constitutionalism is a scheme that protects the national and international environment by applying national and global constitutional law. By this, constitution-makers agree to include in their constitutions provisions aimed at environmental protection and sustainability, whereby procedural and substantive rights are written in the constitutions. The courts are in such jurisdictions called upon to enforce and protect such rights. This article addresses constitutionally embedded rights in the national constitutions of the United States of America and Nigeria. It analyzes constitutional environmental provisions in both how their judiciaries respond to such issues. This article looked at the problems associated with environmental constitutionalism in the United States and Nigeria and their connection with environmental rights. The aim is to take a holistic examination of the topic. The methodology adopted for the research is empirical. The primary and secondary sources of material selection were adopted through the use of the law libraries and the internet, books, journals and periodicals to gather information for this article. In conclusion, it was observed and recommended that no matter the similarities shared by the Untied States and Nigeria, the former has a more developed environmental jurisprudence on environmental protection by the courts. This is a truism, notwithstanding the fact that Nigeria’s constitution contains “state environmental duties”. The value of the research is that Nigeria should identify areas to be improved upon in its law and practice of environmental constitutionalism.
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Santos, Márcia Vieira dos, Valdecyr Herdy Alves, Diego Pereira Rodrigues, Marli Rodrigues Tavares, Juliana Vidal Vieira Guerra, Tatiana do Socorro dos Santos Calandrini, Giovanna Rosario Soanno Marchiori, and Paolla Amorim Malheiros Dulfe. "Promotion, protection and support for breastfeeding in prisons: a scoping review." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 7 (2022): 2689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.19432021en.
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Abstract This article aims to identify and map the actions to promote, protect and support breastfeeding that are carried out within the prison system. Scope review, whose searches were performed in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Nursing databases, Virtual Health Library, Medical Literature, Analysis, and Retrieval System Online, via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online and the Capes Periodicals Portal. A total of 465 studies were obtained, 177 duplicates and 175 by title exclusion were removed, 56 articles were eliminated by abstract, and eight articles were not found. After selection and reading by the review team, 16 articles were removed, thus constituting ten articles with relevant results for breastfeeding promotion in prison, 13 articles with important results for breastfeeding protection in prison, and ten articles with potential findings for breastfeeding support in prison. It is necessary to promote breastfeeding in prison with promotion, protection and support actions, because many children are still prevented from being breastfed soon after birth, which characterizes inequality in relation to the population in freedom.
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Zadorozhnia, H., T. Kvasha, and O. Paladchenko. "Innovative potential of the environmental component in agricultural scientific field." Agroecological journal, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2016.249083.
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The questions of innovative potential of agroecological areas were shown based on the monitoring of innovation priorities realization by the main administrators of budget money and analysis of 2956 theses in the field of «Agriculture» and «Environment» and on this basis there was formed the list of new in- novation priorities. These issues are highlighted in periodicals for the first time. In terms of the approved medium-term priorities of national-level according to the strategic direction «Widespread use of cleaner production technology and environmental protection» there was gained the appropriate scientific potential for the number of theses, while the highest on the medium-term priority 6.2 «Implementation of advanced technologies of water supply, water use and sanitation» (136 theses or 38.5% of the number of the medium-term priorities profile and 6.8% of the total in the environmental field), the smallest (35 theses, or 9.9% of their number of the medium-term priorities profile and 1.7% of the total number in the environmental field) — the medium-term priority 6.4 «Application of the technologies for radioactive waste and reduce their negative impact on the environment».
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WEI, Hai Min. "Studies of Ecological Environment Management in the New Countryside Construction Progress." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1143.
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In order to build the rural ecological civilization, and promote the building of a new socialist countryside, we must attach importance to rural environmental protection. By analyzing the water pollution, soil pollution and solid waste pollution situation in the new countryside construction progress, this paper indicate that three major reasons of the rural ecological environment multiple pollution are pollution-intensive industries rapiddly transferring to rural, excessive use of chemicals and unreasonable use of land, and finally conclude ecological and environmental protection measures: improve the rural ecological environmental protection policies, regulations and standards system; strengthen the government's role in the management of the ecological environment; establish a sound environmental management system in rural areas; and increase environmental publicity, education and training efforts.
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Panayotova, Marinela, Vladko Panayotov, and Tetiana Oliinyk. "Gallium and indium nanomaterials for environmental protection." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601008.
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Recent advances in preparation and use of gallium and indium nanoparticles and nanocomposites are briefly presented. The following applications of the obtained materials are outlined: (i) Preparation of sensors for measuring in air of gaseous pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, ozone, hydrogen), vapours of volatile organic compounds (methanol, ethanol, butanol, acetone, liquefied petroleum gas), and humidity, including the basics of the sensing mechanism; (ii) removal of water pollutants by photocatalysis and/or adsorption. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the potential of gallium and indium nanoparticles and nanocomposites and the further studies needed to achieve the implementation of these materials in the real life.
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O'Keeffe, Jay. "Sustaining river ecosystems: balancing use and protection." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 33, no. 3 (June 2009): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309342645.
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Sustainable management of natural resources is a well-accepted concept, but there are few practical guidelines for its application. This paper suggests methods for the sustainable operation of water resource use and protection. Environmental flows (EF) for rivers are used to illustrate some of the opportunities and problems inherent in managing rivers sustainably. In particular, there is a requirement for agreeing on clear and measurable environmental objectives for which a modified flow regime can be set. Knowledge from a number of different disciplines, including hydrology, ecology, hydraulics, geomorphology, water quality and socio-economics has to be integrated to provide holistic levels of understanding if sustainable management is to be achieved. Methods for EF assessment have been developed to provide an effective framework for integration leading to a clear end-point. The implementation of EF has been hampered in the past by a concentration on the ecohydrological technicalities of the process. More recently, it has been realized that achieving a consensus in the socio-economic and political context is of overriding importance for successful implementation. Case studies from South African river research over the past 20 years are used to illustrate the policies, methods, impediments and successes of sustainable river management. In particular, a recognition of complexity and change, both in ecosystems and in human thinking and behaviour, is emphasized. Timeframes of decades are required for both types of change, but there is evidence that patience is being rewarded by gradual success.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Pang, Lai-fai Willy, and 彭禮輝. "An appraisal of the existing environmental protection policies and itsimplications on land use planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30269052.
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Håkansson, Jenny. "Use of waste ash : effects of the law." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2522.
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This study is a comparison of Swedish and Danish legislation on recycling of MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incineration) residues for construction purposes. The aim has been to look for differences and figure out whether these could be a reason for the minor use of MSWI ashes in Sweden compared to Denmark. To do this, text analysis has been performed on Swedish and Danish environmental legislation with focus on recycling of incineration ashes for constructions.
In Denmark, use of incineration ashes was very common and large amounts were recycled during the 1980’s and 1990’s. The new legislation, more similar to the Swedish in terms of an increased need for assessments along with tightened limits for hazardous substances, has diminished the use.
This shows that changes in Danish legislation towards the Swedish complicate the use of incineration ashes. Thereby the minor use of ashes from MSWI in Sweden could, at least partially, be explained by differences in Danish and Swedish legislation.
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Omisca, Erlande. "Environmental Health in the Latin American and Caribbean Region: Use of Water Storage Containers, Water Quality, and Community Perception." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3269.
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Water quality and availability are important issues in many developing countries where portions of populations still lack access to potable water. Throughout the English-speaking Caribbean and parts of Latin America, households and businesses invest in water supply systems even when they are connected to and pay for water services from a private or state owned provider. Inconsistent supplies of water from the water companies have led many people to invest in storage tanks which, if operated correctly, can provide water throughout the day even when the supply from the main is low or zero. While these individual systems help to guarantee a more constant supply of water, they may impact water quality when it does reach the household tap. The tanks could become breeding grounds for vectors of human disease and may also affect the concentrations of bacteria, heavy metals and organics in the water.
The goal of this research was to understand how households use water storage tanks and determine the effect of these tanks and the individual practices on water quality. Target plots were used to visualize linkages between water quality parameters and household surveys of localized water practices and perception on water quality.
The study focused on three field sites: Siparia, Trinidad and Tobago, Region 4 Subset in Guyana, and Villa Litoral, Bolivia. Convenience sampling was used to administer surveys to households in the rural areas of Siparia (39), Region 4 Subset (40), and Villa Litoral (57). The Region 4 Subset is comprised of two rural areas, Mon Repos and Mocha, and Georgetown, the country's capital.
Black, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks and water storage drums are predominantly used in the field sites within Siparia and Region 4 Subset, while cement tanks, drums, and jerry cans are used in Villa Litoral. The average age of household water storage devices was 4-10 years in Siparia and Region 4 Subset, and 0- 3 years in Villa Litoral. These devices were found on various elevations to accommodate piped connection, indoor pumping, and rainwater catchment. Cleaning frequency of tanks in Siparia was every few months, while in Region 4 Subset it varied from weekly to every few months. In Villa Litoral 26.3% of the population surveyed cleaned weekly and 38.6% cleaned annually. Disinfection of water sources was practiced by 30% of residents in Siparia and 60% of residents in the Region 4 Subset. While disinfection was practiced, issues with frequency and correct dosage led to inadequate disinfection. Eighty-four percent of households in Siparia and 50% of households in Region 4 Subset disinfected on a monthly or quarterly basis. Of the households that did disinfect, the bleach and/or disinfectant used was allowed to mix for at least 30 minutes in 50% of households in Siparia and 91.6% of households in the Region 4 Subset. Disinfection was not practiced by the majority of households in Villa Litoral. With regards to health, 15% of households in Region 4 Subset and 40.4% in Villa Litoral reported recent waterborne illnesses among house members.
Water samples were taken from households in Siparia (24), Region 4 Subset (40), and Villa Litoral (26). The majority of households in all three communities relied on piped water from their respective main pump. Those who were not connected to piped water relied on rain water. In the Region 4 Subset, 18% of samples tested positive for fecal coliform and 45% for total coliform. In Villa Litoral, 85% of samples tested positive for fecal coliform and 100% for total coliform. The majority of samples from all three communities exceeded the WHO guideline values for lead (0.01 mg/L) and iron (0.3 mg/L). This was most likely due to the material used in the household plumbing and distribution pipe infrastructure as these could leach.
Five indicators (chemical and biological water quality, reach of risk, storage device, female involvement, and household belief) were conveniently projected on target plots to link the results from water quality assessments with reported household practices and beliefs. The greatest risk factors seen were poor water quality and household beliefs like the security of water storage containers and safety of stored water, perceived water description and pressure, and access to water safety media.
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Donald, Ann Jean. "Landscape function analysis and ecological management of an agricultural landscape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2842.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.In the past, development was allowed in agricultural areas which would not be acceptable under current planning policy. There is a growing need to develop and maintain highly productive and ecologically stable agricultural systems. One approach to encourage better land management and utilisation is the international certification of a farm’s production practices.
Books on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Pruetz, Rick. Saved by development: Preserving environmental areas, farmland and historic landmarks with transfer of development rights. Burbank, Calif: Arje Press, 1997.
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Pruetz, Rick. Beyond takings and givings: Saving natural areas, farmland, and historic landmarks with transfer of development rights and density transfer charges. Marina Del Rey, Calif: Arje Press, 2003.
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Environmental planning for sustainable development of hill areas: A case study approach. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1992.
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Nelson, Arthur C. The TDR handbook: Designing and implementing successful transfer of development rights programs. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.
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The TDR handbook: Designing and implementing successful transfer of development rights programs. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.
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James, Karp, ed. The legal landscape. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.
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Cross, Rob. Sustainable gardens. Collingwood, Vic: Csiro, 2009.
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Roger, Spencer, ed. Sustainable gardens. Collingwood, Vic: Csiro, 2009.
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Williams, Chris. Old land, new landscapes: A story of farmers, conservation, and the landcare movement. Carlton, Vic., Australia: Melbourne University Press, 2004.
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Beryl, Robichaud, and Russell, Emily Wyndham Barnett, 1945-, eds. Protecting the New Jersey Pinelands: A new direction in land-use management. New Brunswick [N.J.]: Rutgers University Press, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Polinov, Semion. "Increased Anthropogenic Activity in the Mediterranean Since the Opening of the Suez Canal." In Palgrave Studies in Maritime Politics and Security, 217–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15670-0_11.
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AbstractHumans depend on oceans and seas’ marine ecosystems for important and valuable goods and services, but human use has also altered the marine environment through direct and indirect means. Land-based and ocean-based human activities vary in their intensity of impact on the marine environmental conditions and their spatial distribution across the scape. Since opening the Suez Canal, the spatial distribution of such a human-made environmental change needs to be understood and quantified to be able to evaluate tradeoffs between the canal and the protection of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem. Such temporal and spatial evaluation will help to improve and rationalize the spatial management of the Mediterranean Sea of human activities. Evaluation of the ecological impact of the Suez Canal on the Mediterranean Sea requires a method for translating the impact into marine impacts and spatial data of the activities.
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Ranalli, Giancarlo, and Elisabetta Zanardini. "The Role of Microorganisms in the Removal of Nitrates and Sulfates on Artistic Stoneworks." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 263–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_12.
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AbstractThis chapter will focus on the role of microorganisms in the removal of nitrates and sulfates on artistic stoneworks. The main groups of microbes and their metabolisms involved in bioremoval methods for the preservation and protection of cultural artifacts are reported. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view on the role and potentiality of virtuous microorganisms in the biocleaning and bioremoval of black crusts and salts altering CH stoneworks. We highlight the importance of the use of the selected microorganisms and the adoption of adequate carriers for the anaerobic metabolism of nitrate and sulfate reducers to be applied on the altered stone surfaces. The following characteristics of the delivery system are of great importance: the ability to guarantee water content for microbes, the absence of toxicity for the environment, no negative effects to the stone surfaces, easy to prepare, to apply, and to remove from different stone surfaces at the end of the treatment. We report an overview of the last 30 years on the biocleaning processes including diagnostic studies of the alterations, the assessment of associated risks, the effectiveness and efficacy of the proposed method, and the evaluation in terms of economic and environmental sustainability.
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"Risk Assessment." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0012.
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The purpose of risk assessment is estimation of the severity of harmful effects to human health and the environment that may result from exposure to chemicals present in the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) procedure of risk assessment, whether related to human health or to the environment, involves four steps: 1. hazard assessment 2. dose–response assessment 3. exposure assessment 4. risk characterization The quantity of chemicals in use today is staggering. According to the data compiled by Hodgson and Guthrie in 1980 (1), there were then 1500 active ingredients of pesticides, 4000 active ingredients of therapeutic drugs, 2000 drug additives to improve stability, 2500 food additives with nutritional value, 3000 food additives to promote product life, and 50,000 additional chemicals in common use. Considering the growth of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, these amounts must now be considerably larger. Past experience has shown that some of these chemicals, although not toxic unless ingested in large quantities, may be mutagenic and carcinogenic with chronic exposure to minute doses, or may interfere with the reproductive or immune systems of humans and animals. To protect human health it is necessary to determine that compounds to which people are exposed daily or periodically in their daily lives (such as cosmetics, foods, and pesticides) will not cause harm upon long-term exposure. The discussion in this chapter will focus primarly on carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, but also endocrine disrupters will be considered. The carcinogenicity of some chemicals was established through epidemiological studies. However, because of the long latency period of cancer, epidemiological studies require many years before any conclusions can be reached. In addition, they are very expensive. Another method that could be used is bioassay in animals. Such bioassays, although quite useful in predicting human cancer hazard, may take as long as 2 years or more and require at least 600 animals per assay. This method is also too costly in terms of time and money to be considered for large-scale screening. For these reasons an inexpensive, short-term assay system is needed for preliminary evaluation of potential mutagens and carcinogens.
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Catlin, Robert A. "The Rationale for Case Studies." In Land Use Planning, Environmental Protection and Growth Management, 73–75. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367812935-5.
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Gotore, Obey, Tirivashe Phillip Masere, Osamu Nakagoe, Vadzanayi Mushayi, Ramaraj Rameshprabu, Yuwalee Unpaprom, and Tomoaki Itayama. "Applications and Data Analysis using Bayesian and Conventional Statistics in Biochar Adsorption Studies for Environmental Protection." In Biochar - Productive Technologies, Properties and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105868.
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The use of low-cost agricultural waste-derived biochar in solving water and environmental challenges induced by climate change was investigated and sound conclusions were presented. Water reuse strategies can diminish the impact of climate change in rural and remote areas of developing countries. The novel biochar materials from three agro-waste biomass (Matamba fruit shell, Mushuma, and Mupane tree barks) were investigated and characterized to attest to their capacity to remove iodine from the aqueous solution. Their surface morphologies were assessed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) which exhibited their structural phenomena to purge environmental pollutants. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to show surface functional groups of the biochar materials and Matamba fruit shell exhibited hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl groups (C=O), C=C stretches of aromatic rings, and the carboxylate (C–O–O–) groups on its surface with corresponding data from the Isotherm and Kinetic models, statistically analyzed by the conventional and Bayesian methods. These surface mechanisms are said to be induced by weak van der Waals forces and - and -stacking interaction on the biochar surface. These adsorbents promised to be potential materials for environmental-ecosystem-protection and water re-use approach.
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Pires, Carla Maria Batista Ferreira. "Mitigation of Antibiotics in Nature." In Handbook of Research on SDGs for Economic Development, Social Development, and Environmental Protection, 184–205. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5113-7.ch010.
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Antimicrobial medicines are taken orally or parenterally. These molecules are primarily eliminated by kidneys. However, several studies indicate that the methods of wastewater treatment are not sufficient to effectively remove these drugs from the environment, such as excreted antibiotics and antifungals in urine. Thus, antimicrobials can pollute the food chain. Mutations of bacteria and/or fungi may be responsible for the emergence of new drug resistances, with irreparable global consequences. The chapter's aim is to present a new and inventive purification device of human urine during treatment with antimicrobials. The regular use of this device by citizens during treatment with antimicrobials may lead to a reduction of more than 30% to 50% of these molecules in urine, with the reduction of antibiotic or antifungal pollution.
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Alexander, Earl B., Roger G. Coleman, Todd Keeler-Wolfe, and Susan P. Harrison. "Serpentine Land Use and Health Concerns." In Serpentine Geoecology of Western North America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165081.003.0030.
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Soils developed from serpentine (ultramafic) substrates are noted for their meager and strange biomass. The chemical infertility is the main controlling factor in the development of plants in serpentine soils (Proctor and Woodell 1975, Kruckeberg 1984, Brooks 1987). Botanists have recognized the unusual nature of the endemic plants and this has led to preserving serpentine tracts that contain rare plant species. The evolution of plant species that are restricted to serpentine has produced remarkable adaptations to survival on serpentine substrates. Kruckeberg (1984) pointed out that the long-term habitat attrition on these rare natural serpentine ecosystems requires conservation initiatives to insure their preservation. In California, private and public land managers are required to develop environmental impact studies before disturbing tracts containing serpentine bedrock and its overlying soils (Clinkenbeard et al. 2003). The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS 1998) carried out a recovery plan for 28 species of plants and animals that occur exclusively or primarily on serpentine soils and grasslands in the San Francisco Bay area. The strategy was to provide detailed actions needed to achieve self-sustaining populations of endangered species so they will no longer require protection under the Endangered Species Act. Serpentine land tracts within metropolitan areas have come under closer regulation, as there is concern of releasing naturally occurring asbestos during construction disturbances. Typical examples of disturbance would be construction sites, new road construction, and quarry excavation. Of particular concern are the large amounts of dust produced in quarry operations or unpaved gravel roads consisting of crushed serpentine rock. The dust from such sites may contain airborne asbestos fibers released from the serpentine. This asbestos-bearing dust may pose a toxic threat to the construction workers and to later occupants of homes, schools, and office buildings occupying serpentine tracts. Asbestos is the blanket term for a group of naturally occurring silicate minerals that can be separated into fibers. The fibers are strong, durable, and resistant to extreme heat. Because of these qualities, asbestos has been used in industrial, maritime, automotive, scientific, and building products.
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Henseleit, Meike, Sandra Venghaus, and Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs. "The Hambach Forest in the German Debate on Climate Protection: Is There a Symbolic Value beyond the Environmental Value?" In Sustainable Rural Development [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101597.
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In the late summer of 2018, the Hambach Forest (North Rhine Westphalia/ Germany) appeared prevalently in the media due to massive protests against its clearance for lignite mining with for the power generation. Because coal power as a form of energy supply is extremely climate intensive, the Hambach Forest rapidly became a symbol of the fight against climate change and the ongoing destruction of nature and its resources for economic reasons. Due to the extra-ordinarily prominent role of the Hambach Forest in the public opinion across Germany, this research addresses values of the forest to the population in monetary terms as well as the underlying factors that determine those values. For the analysis, a contingent valuation survey was conducted in December 2019 in Germany. The proposed amounts for the preservation of the Hambach Forest are mostly in accordance with previous evaluation studies of woods and forests, although this time almost only passive-use values are decisive. Further, a conversion of the WTP values to the area of the Hambach Forest results in an extra-ordinarily high per-hectare value of about 3.6 million. Thus, the symbolic value of the forest is remarkable and should be considered in future political decisions.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Michael J. Chiarappa. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch18.
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<i>Abstract</i> .—The advent of modern fisheries research during the second half of the 19th century was striking in its historical and ethnographic orientation, a precedent set by such pioneering work as George Perkins Marsh’s <i>Man and Nature </i> and the collective labor of the U.S. Fish Commission and certain state fish commissions that followed its lead. This approach served to provide more than limited context or introductory remarks for scientific studies but, with compelling clarity, took seriously the historical and cultural experiences of fishing communities in an effort to structure wide public discourse on the pressing concerns confronting the use of fisheries resources. Hoping to employ knowledge of fisheries history and occupational culture in the service of publicly engaged, progressive policy and management, these investigations reached audiences not just through government reports, but also through popular periodicals and fisheries exhibitions. Today, the work of environmental and cultural history—in conjunction with their vital interdisciplinary links to oral history, anthropology, geography, field documentation, and museology—is revitalizing this tradition and establishing important patterns in how fisheries issues are communicated and deliberated in society. Similar to earlier periods, the implications of these contemporary initiatives are important for those stakeholders wishing to participate in the public culture that frames current fisheries life.
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Mahler, Julianne G., and Priscilla M. Regan. "Creating Intranets for Management and Collaboration in Federal Agencies." In Managing IT in Government, Business & Communities, 28–42. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-93177-740-7.ch003.
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This chapter briefly examines government interest in intranets, describes the experiences of six federal government agencies in developing agency-wide intranets, and identifies and analyzes trends in intranet use, sources of growth, and impediments to further development. The six agencies are: the Department of Transportation, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Environmental Protection Agency, the General Services Administration, the Department of Commerce, and the Department of Justice. The case studies reveal six overall trends in intranet use and development including the importance of upper management support in planning and launching and the importance of marketing in ensuring staff use. The authors conclude that intranets offer more potential for enhancing communication and management and that further development of intranets is likely.
Conference papers on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Gailienė, Inesa. "Analysis, Research and Assessment of the Measures of Railway Protection from Snow." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.136.
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The research object of this paper are the railway switches. The paper studies the efficiency of the usage system of a stationary switch protection in the Lithuanian railways. The study consisted of observations and condition assessment , as well as a survey of the people whose work is directly related to the switch exploitation, in order to establish the specifics, advantages, disadvantages, and experience in the Lithuanian railway system. It was found that the system is an efficient technical solution to obtain maximum results with minimal costs because the system is efficient, necessary in Lithuania in consideration of climate conditions, does not require high maintenance, system installation is fast and simple, the system does not affect train traffic, but rather helps in protecting the most sensitive parts of a switch from snow, especially during a snow storm. During the use of the system, switch blades are not blown out or blown out to a lesser extent. As the electric switch heating is used, the use of electric heating system becomes more efficient because the stock rail maintains heat for a longer period. Furthermore, in consideration of the research carried out, this paper provides the recommendations of the system use.
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Pukowiec-Kurda, Katarzyna, and Urszula Myga-Piatek. "Application of New Methods of Environment Analysis and Assessment in Landscape Audits – Case Studies of Urban Areas Like Czestochowa, Poland." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.116.
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Following the 2000 European Landscape Convention, a new act strengthening landscape protection instruments has been in force since 2015. It sets forth legal aspects of landscape shaping (Dziennik Ustaw 2015, poz. 774) and introduces landscape audits at the province level. A landscape audit consists in identification and characterization of selected landscapes, assessment of their value, selection of so-called priority landscapes and identification of threats for preservation of their value. An audit complies with GIS standards. Analyses use source materials, i.e. digital maps of physical-geographical mesoregions, current topographic maps of digital resources of cartographic databases, latest orthophotomaps and DTMs, maps of potential vegetation, geobotanic regionalization, historic-cultural regionalization and natural landscape types, documentation of historical and cultural values and related complementary resources. A special new methodology (Solon et al. 2014), developed for auditing, was tested in 2015 in an urban area (Myga-Piatek et al. 2015). Landscapes are characterized by determining their analytic (natural and cultural) and synthetic features, with particular focus on the stage of delimitation and identification of landscape units in urban areas. Czestochowa was selected as a case study due to its large natural (karst landscapes of the Czestochowa Upland, numerous forests, nature reserves) and cultural (Saint Mary’s Sanctuary, unique urban architecture) potential. Czestochowa is also a city of former iron ore and mineral resources exploitation, still active industry, dynamic urban sprawl within former farming areas, and dynamically growing tourism. Landscape delimitation and identification distinguished 75 landscape units basing on uniform landscape background (uniform cover and use of the land). Landscape assessment used a new assessment method for anthropogenic transformation of landscape – the indicator describing the correlation between the mean shape index (MSI) and the Shannon diversity index (SHDI) (Pukowiec-Kurda, Sobala 2016). Particular threats and planning suggestions, useful in development of urban areas, were presented for selected priority landscapes.
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Ara, Nelofar, and Sukanya Das. "Social Aspects of Green Technology: A Review on Environmental Protection." In 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.22.
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Over the last few years, a wide range of building materials, systems, and technologies have been produced around the world, and concern about the field’s sustainability challenges has been mandatory. Green technology refers to a variety of new and resourceful advancements in creating environmentally-friendly transforms in daily life. It has been prepared as well as used in such a way that natural resources along with the surroundings are protected. It is intended to be an optional source of technology that lowers the need for fossil fuels and causes not as much of damage to human, animal, in addition to plant health, as well as to the environment. The use of green technology is intended to diminish waste and pollution. Environmental technologies as well as clean technology are other terms for it. There have been studies on innovation that assumes environmentally friendly properties of materials, systems, and technologies; nevertheless, nothing has been said about the social aspects of sustainability. It is important to remember that sustainability encompasses not just environmental, but in addition financial and societal dimensions, the latter of which has direct repercussions for society’s well-being. Because worldwide concerns of environmental deterioration have compelled our society to take action, efforts aimed at this goal should be based on historical and cultural values, as well as the interaction between humans and nature to rethink development and evolve the concept of long-term sustainability. New ecologically friendly technologies are, without a doubt, critical to achieving long-term development. The purpose of this research is to emphasize the societal characteristics or features that contribute to environmental conservation through green technologies. The study is based on reviewing of secondary data sources like journals, articles, newspapers, social media, books, etc.
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Hasslacher, Thomas, Victor Poberezhnyi, and Stefan Niewerth. "Innovative geotextile contaminant barriers in infrastructure applications – Environmental protection without surface sealing." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1483.
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Our road and railroad infrastructure contributes to a considerable extent to the sealing of urban areas. Due to the intensive and still growing use of these traffic routes, pollutants, such as microplastics, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and others accumulate on sealed asphalt or concrete surfaces. With each rain event, these contaminants are flushed into the sewer system (present best case) or just enter the surrounding soil and the groundwater untreated (present worst case). Innovative, large-area, permeable contaminant barriers made of geotextiles overcome the concept of piping runoff water and centralized treatment in wastewater treatment plants. By treating the water directly at the source of the contamination, surface sealing and thus interference with natural flow paths are significantly reduced. The groundwater protection measurement is therefore called “passive in-situ treatment” or “passive in-situ decontamination”. Geotextiles mechanically stabilize sorbents such as activated carbon or oil binders in a sandwich fabric. HUESKERs active geocomposites place the sorbents directly where pollutants enter the environment. The use of active geocomposites lead to a highly effective ground protection in which only a barrier against pollutants is build, but not for the carrier medium –the runoff or seepage water. Thus, no further sealing is necessary. The presentation will explain different application for large-scale permeable contaminant barriers in infrastructure based on three case studies: Field trails with filter trenches along roads in Germany, Construction of a filtration basin for road runoff in Finland, Earth structures with contaminated soils – valuable construction material instead of waste.
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Krupowicz, Wioleta, and Katarzyna Sobolewska-Mikulska. "Possible Applications of Spatial Analyses in Designing the Agricultural Road Network with Particular Consideration of the Environmental and Landscape Aspects." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.208.
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The development of the agricultural road network is a complex activity based on a broad range of criteria necessary to be taken into account during analyses and desk studies. The analyses and design solutions cannot be unilateral, considering only technical and economic aspects. Elements of environmental protection and management of agricultural landscape, as well as solutions in the scope of protection of soils and waters are necessary in this type of design works, and result from solutions accepted for implementation in reference to the rural areas of all Member States of the European Union. Such a multi-aspect process requires the use of tools in an environment which technologically permits the development of multi-variant solutions to a given problem, and selection of a single, most appropriate proposal. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) currently constitute such an environment. Their undeniable advantages include their analytical possibilities which can be formalised in the form of developed models of spatial analyses – creating sets of new, ready to use tools supporting the decision making process in the scope of determination of the optimal course of agricultural roads. Additional advantages are the possibility of integration of data obtained from various sources, and presentation to stakeholders (e.g. residents, farmers, local authorities, entrepreneurs, and investors) of the obtained solutions in the form of maps, almost in real time, as well as possibility of making optimum decisions with their active participation. Easier access to GIS technology and systematically growing level of awareness regarding measurable benefits from the application of this type of solutions should also be emphasised. The article presents examples of spatial analyses allowing for relatively fast obtaining of spatial information necessary for efficient design-related decision making for the purpose of improvement of the system of agricultural roads with particular consideration of environmental and landscape aspects.
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Ito, Minoru, Michio Kaneko, Seiji Nishimura, and Hidehiko Sato. "Development of Corrosion Resistant Steel for Bottom Plates of Crude Oil Tankers and Onboard Evaluation Results." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83821.
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Pitting corrosion on the bottom plates of cargo oil tanks (COT) in very large crude carriers (VLCC) is very serious problem. Each tank may suffer up to 1,000 pits, with some reaching a depth of as much as 10 mm. As a result, the workload of repairing such pitting corrosions in periodical dock inspection is extremely heavy. Many studies have already been conducted to clarify the mechanism of pitting corrosion, but it has yet to be fully understood. We have clarified the pitting corrosion mechanism through onboard research on some VLCCs and various corrosion tests, in addition to the findings obtained by previous studies. Based on our understanding of the mechanism, we developed a corrosion test method to simulate the corrosive environment within the pits. Furthermore, we developed a new corrosion resistant steel (CRS) with trace amounts of alloying elements. The corrosion rate for CRS is less than one-fifth of conventional steels. Due to its very low alloy content, the weldability and mechanical properties of CRS remain similar to conventional steels. This CRS has already been applied to several VLCCs and we have examined its corrosion resistance through onboard investigations of the two VLCCs. One was for all its uncoated COT bottom plates, which were built of CRS, at the first docking (after 2.5 years). No pits deeper than 4 mm were found in the bottom plates of any COTs. Also, only about twenty pits of 2∼4-mm depth were found. The other was for the bottom plates of six unpainted COTs built of CRS at her first and second dockings (after 2.3 and 5 years). At five years, tens of pits deeper than 4 mm were found in all, but the pit count was much lower than that of VLCCs constructed of conventional steel. Thus, the good corrosion resistance of CRS was confirmed. In addition, it was also revealed through onboard research during a dock inspection that pit growth halted on VLCCs with more than five years service. SOLAS II-1 Cargo Oil Tank Corrosion Protection, which adopts the test method developed by us as the qualification test for bottom plates, comes into effect in 2013. In addition, CRS has already been certified by Class NK as corrosion resistant steel for COT bottom plates. CRS is set to play its part in the safe navigation of oil tankers. Furthermore, CRS does not require a protective coating of paint, which also benefits the global environment by reducing the use of volatile organic compounds.
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Мисриева, Б. "Обзор фауны мух тахин виноградных агроценозов Дагестана." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.14.
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In the context of the intensive use of chemical plant protection products, the issue of ecologization is acute. The concept of environmental protection of grapes, as the most pesticidal crop, is based on the principles of managing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses as a whole. At the same time, entomophages play a key role in the formation of a balanced self-regulating ecosystem. The development and application of the so-called biorational technologies with the predominant use of safe ecologically “soft” chemical plant protection products in the grape protection system is a prerequisite for activating a useful entomofauna. The targeted effect on the entomophage populations is based on phytosanitary monitoring, on their integration with pesticides. The article presents the results of many years of faunal studies of grape agrobiocenoses, reveals the most effective mechanisms for the regulation of dangerous bunching leaves and cotton scoops. Based on the original drawings, a morphological description of the most common species of tachy flies is given - Elodia tragica Mg., Pseudoperichaeta insidiosa, Tawnsendiellomyia nidicola.
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Diwakar, Philip, and Jonathan Berkoe. "Safety and Reliability Studies Using Analysis Tools." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37338.
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Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Mechanics (also called Finite Element Analysis of FEA) and a combination of the two — Fluid Solid Interaction (FSI) — have long been used for safety of Personnel in Industry. This paper gives four examples of using these tools for designing equipment and mitigations to provide a safe and amenable working environment for personnel. The first example deals with the use of CFD to resize or relocate exhaust stacks — to prevent personnel working on an adjacent elevated platform being exposed to hot gasses or low oxygen levels — under high wind conditions or the presence of an inversion layer in the atmosphere. The second example is on construction of a retractable protective screen — for personal working on an elevated platform — in the event of a leak of combustive gas from an adjoining unit. CFD is used to determine the length and temperature of the flame while FEA is used to determine the impinging forces half way between the combustion source and the workers to select a suitable flexible retractable screen for protection. A third example is on cooling methane and ethane vapors heated during initial ship loading to prevent flaring caused by pressure build up. Flaring causes several environmental issues such as degradation of vegetation and trees, temperature effects on nearby occupied building, large luminescence, atmospheric disturbances and turbulence on passing aircraft, as well as loss of production. The stresses on the piping network, flanges, valves, pads and shoes — which may lift by Joule-Thompson effect caused temperature differentials — are studied using FEA to ensure the safe operation. A final example is on the use of CFD and FEA to determine the sources of flow-induced and cavitation-induced acoustic noise and vibration and water hammer produced by flow restrictions and flashing of liquid to vapor behind a vee-ball control valve and a ball control valve. The frequencies are extracted from CFD and checked against the natural frequencies from modal analysis and experimental bump test for typical resonant frequencies in the system. Mitigations are proposed to ensure lower noise levels and reduce vibrations in the system for the comfort of personnel working in the vicinity.
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Engstrom, Carol J., and Guy M. Goulet. "Husky Moose Mountain Pipeline: A Case Study of Planning, Environmental Assessment and Construction." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-140.
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In 1998, Husky Oil Operations Limited and its partner formerly Rigel Oil, (purchased by Talisman Energy in 1999), constructed a 26.2 km pipeline in Kananaskis Country to transport sour oil, solution gas and produced water from Pad #3 on Cox Hill to the Shell Oil Jumping Pound Gas Plant for processing. Kananaskis Country is a 4160 km2 “Planning Area” that has both Prime Protection and Multiple Use designations. Situated just west of Calgary, Alberta, Canada it has considerable recreational and environmental value, including significant wildlife habitat. The original exploration and subsequent pipeline construction applications required separate Alberta Energy & Utilities Board (AEUB) public hearings with both involving significant public consultation. Prior to drilling on the lands that had been purchased more than a decade ago, Husky adopted several governing principles to reduce environmental impact, mitigate damage and foster open and honest communication with other industrial users, regulators, local interest groups and local aboriginal communities. During planning and construction, careful attention was paid to using existing linear disturbances (seismic lines, roads and cutblocks). A variety of environmental studies, that incorporated ecologically-integrated landscape classification and included the use of indicator species such as the Grizzly Bear, were conducted prior to and during the early stages of development. The results of these studies, along with the information gathered from the public consultation, historical and cultural studies and engineering specifications formed the basis for the route selection. Watercourses presented particular challenges during pipeline construction. The pipeline right-of-way (RoW) intercepted 26 small water runs and 19 creeks. Fishery and water quality issues were identified as important issues in the lower Coxhill Creek and Jumpingpound Creeks. As a result, Jumpingpound Creek was directionally drilled at two locations and all other watercourses were open-cut using low-impact techniques. To minimize new RoW clearing, substantial portions of the pipeline were placed in the ditch of the existing road. Husky attributes the success of this project to planning, broad community input and the co-operation and buy-in by the project management team and construction companies.
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Wan, Ping K., Desmond W. Chan, and Alice C. Carson. "Environmental Considerations for Preparing Permit Applications of New Nuclear Power Plants Located in Greenfield Sites." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29330.
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Nuclear power generation has become an increasingly attractive alternative in the United States (U.S.) power market due to several factors: growing demand for electric power, increasing global competition for fossil fuels, concern over greenhouse gas emissions and their potential impact on climate change, and the desire for energy independence. Assuring the protection of people and the environment are of paramount concern to nuclear power generators and regulators as we move towards a possible nuclear renaissance. Thus, sound engineering design is of utmost important and potential environmental and safety concerns must be carefully evaluated and disposition during permitting of the new nuclear power plants. Areas to be considered in order to alleviate these concerns include the following: • Site meteorology and dispersion conditions of the area; • Evaluation of radiological consequence during normal plant operation and emergency conditions; • Water availability for plant cooling system; • Evaluation of potential land use, water use, ecological and socioeconomic impacts of the proposed action. This paper focuses on site suitability evaluation for greenfield sites through site characterization, examination of challenges/constraints in deployment of available technology/plant systems, and mapping of permitting compliance strategy. Case studies related to selection of plant systems based on the environmental site conditions, preferred compliance plan, and public acceptance, are included.
Reports on the topic "Environmental protection Periodicals Use studies"
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Stark, Timothy, Abedalqader Idries, Lucia Moya, and Abdolrzea Osouli. Beneficial Use of Dredged Material from the Illinois Marine Transportation System. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-022.
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This project presents several successful case studies in 15 categories of dredged material along with the statutory and regulatory requirements for beneficial use of dredged material in Illinois. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency classification criteria for contaminated and uncontaminated dredged material are included with emphasis on Illinois requirements and characterization. Nine sites that have sandy dredged material stockpiles in Illinois are presented with suggestions for beneficially using the material. Based on this study, there is a high potential for beneficially using dredged material in Illinois for a range of projects. Currently, it is a state policy in Illinois to formally evaluate the history of possible nearby sources of chemicals that may have impacted the project sediments and to test the dredged material for chemical contamination before accepting for use on any highway project. However, the research team suggest that if the dredged material is mainly uncontaminated sand (e.g., greater than 80% sand) and is from a local site that does not have a history of contamination as determined by a formal evaluation, then the material is unlikely to be contaminated and may be easier to use and require little to no contaminate testing. Nevertheless, this proposed rule needs more testing and examination to be verified.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Nathan Beane, Kevin Philley, Nia Hurst, and Jacob Jung. An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41382.
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The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (>40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, West Bishop, Christopher Grasso, Kaitlin Volk, and Kurt Getsinger. Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42040.
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US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.
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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.
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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.