Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental protection – great britain'
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Jollibekova, I. B. "FOREIGN COOPERATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-12-02.
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This article discusses foreign cooperation in environmental protection of the republic of Karakalpakstan. The process of realizing the international strategic goals of the recovery and development of the Aral Sea and the recovery of the Aral Sea from its natural and socio-economic crisis is highlighted. On October 2-5, 1990, the international symposium "Island crisis: causes and conclusion" was organized in Nukus [1]. More than 200 specialists and scientists from the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, Germany, Spain, and China participated. International organizations such as UN, UNICEF, World Health Organization, UNEP (UN Environmental Protection Program) appealed to the world community to "provide emergency aid to save the lives of children in the Aral Sea region and declare this area an ecological disaster zone."
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Goldie, H. S. "The legal protection of limestone pavements in Great Britain." Environmental Geology 21, no. 3 (June 1993): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00775300.
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Andrusenko, Sergey P. "A comparative study of the formation of doctrinal directions of the institution of legal protection of crime victims in the USA and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland." RUDN Journal of Law 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 1028–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2023-27-4-1028-1042.
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The United States and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland have a long history of forming and developing legal protection of the rights of crime victims, which is based on the recognition of state responsibility for the failure to protect society from crime and provision of comprehensive support to crime victims, including compensation, benefits, medical care, social services, support of specialized public organizations. At the same time, the norms of public law regulating state compensation for harm to victims of crime are important. In fact, a study of the leading legal institutions of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which has accumulated positive regulatory and legal experience in ensuring the rights of crime victims and their legal protection, which can be perceived as legislative novelties in the Russian Federation, is indicative. The relevance of the topic is also conditioned by the social significance of the issue of legal protection of the rights of crime victims, as well as the legal reality that has developed in the Russian Federation in the field of legislative regulation of the status of victims of criminal offenses, which directly affects the right to compensation for harm caused to them.
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Abaikyzy, Moldir, Lazzat K. Yerkinbayeva, Kulyash N. Aidarkhanova, Gulnar T. Aigarinova, and Nurzhan S. Baimbetov. "The Formation of Land Conservation Principles as the Framework for the Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development of Society." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 15, no. 8 (December 22, 2020): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150809.
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The development of land legislation in the context of globalisation, the desire of countries to more widely implement global and European standards of environmental policies, as well as the interest in the experience of legislative solutions to problems connected with the design and development of legal institutions in environmental protection in foreign countries, determine the relevance of this study. The purpose of the paper is to identify the main problems of land protection legislation and form on their basis the effective system of environmental regulation, combining administrative and legislative instruments with economic, regulatory and market mechanisms. Analysis of international legal acts is used as the leading research method. Considered the positive experience of legal regulation of the land issue of such democratic states as the USA, Great Britain, and Germany and other developed countries. The authors propose to introduce the Concept for the Protection of Lands from Pollution by Hazardous Substances, as well as the development and adoption of regional and national programs in which a separate section should address issues of land protection from pollution by hazardous substances. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to integrate the land legislation industry into national environmental legislation.
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Kaptsov, V. A., and A. V. Chirkin. "Requirements to respiratory protection for workers (World practices reviewed)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.21.eng.
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A great number of workplaces in Russia do not conform to sanitary-hygienic requirements and it results in wide use of personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). Choice on such equipment and its application are not regulated by the existing legislation in the RF in great detail as it is the case in developed countries. As a result, employers apply PRPE that is not efficient enough, or such equipment is not used properly, and it leads to diseases occurrence. Our research goal was to reveal requirements to PRPE application which, when met, would reduce risks for workers’ life and health as greatly as it is only possible. Our research object was personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). We compared requirements to selecting and applying PRPE in the USA, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, and West Germany and also took into account requirement and experts’ recommendations existing in several other countries. When comparing, we tried to focus on key elements that determined whether PRPE applied in due time was able to prevent exposure to air contamination. Such key elements included choice on PRPE suitable for work under extremely hazardous conditions; permissible application of PRPE with different structure (expected protective efficiency); individual selection and testing whether a mask is fit for a face; timely replacement of respirator filters; requirements to skills of workers and their supervisors. Our research revealed that results of PRPE application and requirements fixed for employers were most comprehensively estimated and well-grounded in the USA. The most favorable situation with quality and availability of materials on how to select and apply PRPE for workers, specialists, and supervisors is also in the USA. Results obtained via the performed comparison allow recommending US Standard 29 CFR 1910.134 as a basis for developing similar requirements in Russia.
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Kolomiets, A. G. "Innovations and protection of property rights in the era of radical economic transformations." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 28, 2018): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-9-95-113.
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Formation of the ecosystem of knowledge economy assumes creation of necessary institutional conditions. The most important elements of these conditions are property rights and mechanisms of their security. The paper discusses the questions of formation of institutional prerequisites of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and claims that the evolution of property land rights (land during a pre-industrial era was the basic common resource) provided exclusivity of the rights of large landowners. It also shows the importance in this process of the English educated and ruling class with its ideological and moral traditions, which were marked by the emphasis on individualism and subjectivity. It is concluded that one needs to carefully treat the recommendations based on the experience of the Industrial Revolution. In the knowledge economy, the efficient use of common resources (the main of them being information) for creating innovations involves the development of the distributed property rights system and its protection.
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Zolotar, A. S. "USING THE GLOBALIZATION EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD'S LEADING COUNTRIES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN UKRAINE." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 1(57) (May 31, 2023): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2023.1(57).280830.
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In this scientific article, the author examines modern trends in the development of intellectual potential and protection of intellectual property based on the globalization experience of the world's leading countries – the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and France. The author focuses on the fact that their positive experience can be used by Ukraine, because the intellectual potential and the system of protection of intellectual rights in our country in the conditions of globalization and dynamic development of information technologies are exposed to much greater risks and threats, and the current legislation has long since not covered the necessary spectrum legal regulation of intellectual property relations. In particular, the experience of the USA can be useful in the formation of reliable legislative regulation, the creation of an effective Strategy for the development of Ukrainian intellectual property for the coming years, the establishment of stricter responsibility and control over the observance of intellectual property rights. The benefit of Great Britain's experience can be obtained if we go the way of establishing partnership and cooperation of our country in the investigated area, as well as establishing a tougher penalty for violations in this area. It is also appropriate to borrow the conceptual foundations of combating crime in the field of intellectual property, to develop plans for its prevention and countermeasures. The German experience will be useful in the following aspects: borrowing the desire for reliable and simple legislation, establishing an open type of relations between the state in the form of its authorized bodies that conduct their activities in the field of intellectual property, with citizens (right holders) in the information field, increasing educational and innovative level of development of the population of Ukraine. The use of Swedish experience may take place when borrowing Swedish technologies for the protection of intellectual property, in particular, the use of blockchain technology. The French practice of dynamic and innovative updating of legislative acts can be useful in the process of revising and modernizing the national legislation of Ukraine.
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Rzhevska, Nina, and Tetiana Melnyk. "Ensuring Environmental Safety: The Global Experience and Ukrainian Perspectives." Language Culture Politics International Journal 1, no. 1/2023 (November 23, 2023): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.54515/lcp.2023.1.285-306.
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This article presents the environmental component as one of the extremely important components of national security, which is a state of natural objects protection, as well as the protection of human life and health from environmental threats, where all components of the natural environment are optimal for the normal functioning and development of human civilization. One of the important tasks of ensuring environmental safety is to guarantee a population's livelihood in a technogenically safe and ecologically clean world. This is why concern about the state of the environment grows every year, and the need to integrate environmental policy with security measures remains a priority for world leaders. In the leading states of the world, such as the USA, Germany, Great Britain and France, environmental safety is considered as one of the main areas of environmental policy implementation. In particular,a "Green Deal" is currently being implemented in the European Union which will help the EU become the world's first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It is important that the Ukrainian state faces not the simple, but the obvious and important task of ensuring and restoring its environmental security. In order to transform environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that can rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period, Ukraine needs to develop the following priority directions in the environmental sector: reforming state management in the field of environmental protection, compliance with climate policy, effective waste management, reasonable use of natural resources, and conservation of natural ecosystems and biodiversity. With the introduction of such reforms as part of a comprehensive climate policy, including ecological safety, reform of the regulation of industrial pollution, effective waste management, the rational use of natural resources, ecological management so as to preserve the landscape and biological diversity, effective state management in the field of environmental protection, environmental control and establishing legal responsibility thereof, and comprehensive environmental monitoring, Ukraine will be able to transform its environmental safety to high standards and become an example of a country that was able to rebuild its environmental sector in a post-war period.
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Neilson, I. D. "Vehicle Safety—a Review for 1993." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 207, no. 2 (April 1993): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_169_02.
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The decreases in road accident casualties in Great Britain and other European countries should not obscure the likelihood that numbers will increase in the long term unless vehicle speeds are reduced at potential danger spots. There is also the need to take whatever safety measures are available. The Thirteenth International Experimental Safety Vehicles Conference in Paris at the end of 1991 provided an opportunity to review the technical progress that has recently been made towards improved vehicle safety measures. This paper attempts to review much of the work presented to the conference and to suggest the best way forward for many aspects of vehicle safety. These range from accident studies to developments in vehicle control and handling, protection for the legs of motorcyclists, the opportunity for introducing measures to protect pedestrians and the latest advances in the protection for car occupants. Overall the need is seen to develop vehicle safety measures rapidly to permit the introduction of environmental restrictions on vehicle fuel consumption and design without cancelling the advances being made in casualty reduction.
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Spence, Nicola. "Implementation of the GB Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 with foresight on a new strategy for 2020." Outlook on Agriculture 49, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727020906831.
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Plants have an essential role in addressing the great social and environmental challenges of our time. However, the risk from invasive plant pests and pathogens is also significant and constantly growing as a result of increasing globalisation and environmental change. The UK’s plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the enormous value of plants and trees; from the value of crops and forestry products to ecosystem services and societal benefits. The implementation of the Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy 2014–2019 is described, including the risk-based approach to protecting the plants and trees, and the approaches being taken to manage different kinds of risks, including import controls, management of threats once established, preparedness, utilising citizen science and awareness raising. Looking ahead, there is foresight on a new strategy for 2020 including building a world-class biosecurity regime, which delivers a step change in plant health protections, allows our plant-based industries to thrive and acknowledges the value that healthy plants contribute to society and the environment. International Year of Plant Health 2020 provides a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant health globally.
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Zharovska, I. M., M. M. Blikhar, R. M. Matkivska, and L. A. Cherkasova. "Protection of reproductive health: international and national experience." REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, no. 66 (August 10, 2022): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2022.66.109-117.
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Objectives: consideration at the scientific level of the problem of the nation’s reproductive health protection in the context of international regulation and individual national experience.Materials and methods. The statistical method and the author’s survey method were used for the collection and effective processing of public information. 200 women and 100 men aged 21 to 45 were selected as respondents. It was used a direct interview with respondents. The survey was conducted in Kyiv, Lviv, and Volyn regions in 2020–2022. International monitoring reports, global and national statistics, doctrinal developments of scientists of foreign countries (among them Great Britain, China, USA) were also used.Results. The main causes of impaired human reproductive health are: environmental, socio-economic (unresolved issues of abortion and proper contraception, violence against women and children) and medical problems. In Ukraine, neither specialized legislative acts nor bylaws contain a comprehensive strategy for the protection of reproductive health, which causes gaps in the legal regulation and social security of this area. Gender discrimination is a widespread phenomenon in our country. We must state the discriminatory situations and oppression of both sexes in the reproductive sphere. There are no systematic mechanisms for the prevention of this problem, and the attention of state legal, scientific and public institutions to this problem is insufficient.Conclusions. Legal policy in the field of reproductive health needs a complementary approach and renewal of strategic understanding at the level of the state legal policy. Only comprehensive consideration of reproductive health problems in Ukraine can ensure their solution. Reproductive counseling should be proactive and encouraged because its implementation is beneficial for the patient’s mental health, quality of life, and adherence to treatment. Providing reproductive health education improves knowledge, attitudes and practices in the field of human reproduction.
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Yu, Bao, Jianmei Wang, and Ya Li. "Environmental Aspects of the European Experience in Landscape Planning." Problemy Ekorozwoju 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.1.28.
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Understanding all the possibilities of environmentally oriented landscape planning will contribute to the effective environmental planning of the territory and nature management in general. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to investigate the experience of the European countries towards the introduction of an effective system of environmentally oriented landscape planning and improvement of territories, as well as their protection. For this purpose, it is necessary to comprehensively study the strengths and weaknesses of existing developments in the field of environmentally oriented landscape planning in Europe. An analysis of the best practices of environmentally oriented landscape planning in such countries as Great Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, etc. has been conducted. The findings allowed to state that the effectiveness of development and implementation of substantial planning for landscape design depends not only on the volume and depth of research, but to a very large extent from their reasonable and productive organisation. The paper summarises that in environmentally oriented landscape planning, it is first necessary to determine the reasons for planning. Before choosing the object and territory of planning, it is necessary to find out: who are the potential customers and investors – their goals and motivation; what are the problem situations and conflicts in nature management in the area; what is the practical use of the results of landscape planning; the purpose of the territory, including cartographic; the availability of source information, and more. And then make decisions regarding the stages of landscape planning, taking into account the environmental component and, accordingly, the implementation of the idea of landscape planning.
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Imris, Peter, Gareth A. Taylor, Martin E. Bradley, and Yun Li. "A Novel Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach to Investigate the Impact of Low System Inertia on RoCoF Relay Settings." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176386.
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This paper presents a novel hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) approach as used to investigate the impact of the reduction in inertia on the Great Britain (GB) electrical power system with regard to rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) settings for Loss-of-Mains (LoM) protection. Furthermore, the research as presented in this paper updates, enhances, and validates a reduced model of the Great Britain transmission system, as originally developed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory by the National Grid Electricity System Operator. The enhanced model has been developed for integrated use with the OPAL-RT real-time HIL simulation toolkit and is validated against phasor measurement unit (PMU) data from actual disturbance events using novel automated interfacing between both integrated simulation platforms, PowerFactory from DIgSILENT and ePHASORSIM from OPAL-RT. The corresponding simulations show that the updated reduced model is capable of capturing the dynamic behaviour of the GB transmission system, including both local and inter-area oscillations, with satisfactory accuracy. Finally, the paper presents HIL study results with the reduced model to investigate the influence of decreasing system inertia on the response of LoM protection relays. The studies show that decreasing system inertia may have a significant impact on LoM relays using RoCoF detection, particularly relays using the legacy G59 setting of 0.125 Hz/s. Initial studies have also demonstrated the potential for a previously unrecognised interaction between system oscillations and the 500 ms operating delay, as specified in G59 and G99 Engineering Recommendations. Consequently, faster local oscillations (>1 Hz) reset the relay and decrease the sensitivity, whereas slower inter-area oscillations (<1 Hz) appear to cause the relay to overestimate the average RoCoF.
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Marko, S. I., and O. O. Semenuk. "The use of modern information technologies in combating crimes against the environment." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 480–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.86.
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The scientific publication is dedicated to researching the possibilities of modern information technologies in combating environmental crime. In particular, individual organizational and technical problems in the context of this topic were analyzed, the best foreign practices of using innovations in the field of environmental protection were outlined, directions for the development and adaptation of information technologies in the detection and investigation of criminal offenses were determined, taking into account the specifics of Ukrainian legislation and the practice of its application, to ensure sustainable and harmonious development of the country's ecological security. Analysis of the experience of countries such as the USA, Canada, Germany, and Great Britain has proven the impact of the latest technologies on the effectiveness of detecting and countering criminal offenses against the environment. It was concluded that modern technologies, including geo-information systems, electronic accounting systems, mobile applications for the public, automated emissions tracking systems, unmanned aerial vehicles and other innovative solutions are able to ensure the transparency of enterprises' activities and the active involvement of citizens in the control process, will allow prompt response to violations , to significantly increase the effectiveness of the actions of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine, in particular, in collecting evidence of illegal activities in the field of the environment. It was emphasized that taking into account the current environmental challenges in our country and the requirements for increasing the efficiency of law enforcement activities, the introduction and improvement of relevant innovative technologies in the field of environmental protection is urgent and expedient. This will not only improve the effectiveness of combating criminal offenses against the environment, but will also stimulate the appropriate attitude of business to environmental standards, while strengthening the public's trust in the actions of power structures.
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Gasanov, T. Yu, I. V. Pashnin, and I. F. Vetrova. "Monitoring and Risk Assessment of the National Project “Ecology”." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 7, no. 6 (December 19, 2020): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2020-7-6-75-83.
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In the conditions of the modern economic development, its focus on sustainable development and environmental problems are of paramount importance. The directions of achieving environmental sustainability in Russia are supposed to be solved through the implementation of a set of measures outlined in the national project “Ecology”, which sets a number of targets and additional indicators that contribute to solving environmental problems. The article is devoted to the factors influencing the implementation of national projects and programs in the field of ecology in the Russian Federation. An analysis of the implementation of the “Ecology” project and the state program of the Russian Federation “Environmental Protection” as well as the study of Russian and foreign practices (experience of Singapore, Great Britain, Germany and other countries) regarding the monitoring the implementation of strategic documents, have helped to identify the relevant risks and to conduct their assessment, with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of financial control over the implementation of the national project. On the basis of the identified risks, the targets of the “Ecology” project were identified, which, in the opinion of the authors, requires its revision in order to be more effective. The results of the study may be interesting as relevant state bodies responsible for the implementation of the national project “Ecology”, in particular, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, as well as bodies which are monitoring its implementation, for example, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.
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Veneziani, Bruno. "Diritto e impegno civile. Una laurea honoris causa." GIORNALE DI DIRITTO DEL LAVORO E DI RELAZIONI INDUSTRIALI, no. 123 (December 2009): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gdl2009-123001.
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- In the laudatio given on the occasion of the conferral of the honoris causa degree granted by the University of Bari, the author outlines the scientific, academic and personal profile of Sir Bob Hepple, a major legal scholar who has made a huge contribution to the development of legal studies in the UK and internationally. His knowledge and experience in several fields of law as well as in the judiciary sphere, his engagement in public issues both at national and international levels, the many institutional functions he played in his adoptive country (Great Britain) as well as in his native one (South Africa) and his collaboration within European and extra-European institutions, are all combined in his scholarship and in his activity of research in the field of employment law and of industrial relations. The author touches upon Hepple's many scientific works and outlines his outstanding contribution in offering perspectives of investigation and techniques of protection, at times original and innovative, in keeping with the objectives of social justice which are clearly identified and pursued throughout his work.
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Bergmann. "Interspecies Sustainability to Ensure Animal Protection: Lessons from the Thoroughbred Racing Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 5539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195539.
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There is a disconnect between dominant conceptions of sustainability and the protection of animals arising from the anthropocentric orientation of most conceptualisations of sustainability, including sustainable development. Critiques of this disconnect are primarily based in the context of industrial animal agriculture and a general model of a species-inclusive conception of sustainability has yet to emerge. The original contribution of this article is two-fold: First, it develops a theoretical framework for interspecies sustainability. Second, it applies this to a case study of the thoroughbred racing industry. Interviews were conducted with thoroughbred industry and animal advocacy informants in the US, Australia and Great Britain. While industry informants claim thoroughbred welfare is seminal for industry sustainability, they adopt a market-oriented anthropocentric conception of sustainability and do not consider animal welfare a sustainability domain in its own right. Animal advocacy informants demonstrate a deeper understanding of welfare but some express discomfort about linking sustainability, welfare and racing. Eight analytical layers have been identified in the discourse in the interface of sustainability and animal protection, of which two have transformational potential to advance interspecies sustainability. Interspecies sustainability urgently needs to be advanced to ensure animal protection in the sustainability transition, and to not leave the defining of animal welfare and sustainability to animal industries.
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Salata, Nazar. "RESEARCH ON ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN UKRAINE." Social work and social education, no. 2(11) (October 31, 2023): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(11).2023.294343.
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The social sphere in Ukraine is being tested in the conditions of complex socio-political and socio-economic crises: decentralization reform, the coronavirus pandemic, military actions from 2014 to the present, emergency situations and natural disasters, etc. Social workers have proven their importance and expediency as specialists along with military personnel, doctors, teachers, and psychologists. The processes of digitalization of all spheres of life, including the social sphere, are a new challenge and at the same time a vital necessity.The research focuses on examining the issues that arise in relation to delivering social services electronically. Scientific opinions on this issue have been analyzed. The practical usefulness of the Diya application has been confirmed. The number of Diya users is growing rapidly every month, which indicates that the population is acquiring and improving digital skills.In the economy of Ukraine, there are significant changes in the forms of ownership, the political system is being transformed, but these changes do not sufficiently affect the social protection system, which has to solve many more problems than before, especially those related to poverty and unemployment.Social protection in today’s conditions is aimed not only at fighting poverty by organizing personal assistance to the poor, but also at preventing poverty by giving people the opportunity to create the foundations of social protection during their working lives.The main thing is the fact that through social information there is a transfer of experience from previous generations to the present, from society to an individual, from an individual to an individual.When creating a model for a national information system, a comprehensive approach is employed, considering the equilibrium of the interests of the state and society, business structures, social groups and ordinary citizens. Similar conceptual approaches and models have been developed and implemented in practice in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, France, Japan, Germany, Finland, etc.
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Danylenko, Yevhen S. "Analyzing the Features of the Activities of the Regulatory Authorities of the Market for Sales of Passenger Cars in Ukraine and the World." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 2, no. 56 (2023): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2023-2-4-15.
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The article analyzes the regulatory bodies of the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine and some countries of the world. The role and functions of the authorities regulating the market for sales of passenger cars in different countries are examined. The article contains a list of bodies of the State regulation of the the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine and some other countries, such as Germany, France, Slovakia, Poland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Austria, Spain, Estonia, China, Japan, India, the USA, Canada, and others. This article examines examples of countries where regulatory bodies play an important role in ensuring road safety and consumer protection, as well as countries where such authorities play a less significant role. The main tasks of the regulatory authorities of Ukraine and some other countries responsible for ensuring free and competitive trade in cars are determined. The importance of regulatory authorities in ensuring the safety and quality of cars, as well as consumer protection, is outlined. It is determined that the main reasons for the State intervention in the market for sales of passenger cars are price regulation, quality control, support for domestic producers, reduction of environmental impact, and consumer protection. The problems and shortcomings of the activities of regulatory bodies are highlighted and recommendations for improving their work are provided. Problems in regulating the market for sales of passenger cars in Ukraine are presented. In particular, this concerns insufficient effectiveness of control, corruption issues, insufficient qualifications of employees, etc. An idea of how different countries regulate the market for sales of passenger cars is provided, which helps to understand what measures can be useful for improving the regulation of this market in Ukraine.
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Liventseva, H. A., A. O. Nikitina, and V. V. Vergelska. "MODERN ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROJECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF COAL MINING REGIONS IN THE WORLD." Mining Geology & Geoecology, no. 1(2) (January 24, 2022): 64–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.59911/mgg.2786-7994.2021.1(2).251872.
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Given the environmental issues of coal mining regions and the transition to alternative fuels, the issue of transformation of mining regions is relevant. Coal mining regions affect not only landscape change, but also emissions of gases, including carbon dioxide. Coal combustion is considered to be one of the main causes of the release of large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, which causes the greenhouse effect and, consequently, global warming. Therefore, it is in Western Europe, where the idea of climate protection enjoys widespread public support, that various specific measures are being taken to accelerate the abandonment of coal.
The greatest successes in the transformation of coal mining enterprises have been achieved in Germany, Great Britain, America, Canada, Poland and other European countries. In most countries, the transformation of coal mining enterprises takes place in two main directions: the creation of individual enterprises (business projects) or technology parks. Although the process of structural change and the abandonment of coal have their differences in each country and region, Germany's experience has identified major challenges and shaped strategic options for structural change in mining regions. The considered ecological and economic projects in other countries have an opportunity to be realized also at our coal mining enterprises.
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Khomenko, Liliia, Olena Chygryn, Kateryna Shevchenko, Yuriy Bilan, and Ihor Ponomarenko. "CARBON NEUTRALITY OF UKRAINE BY 2050." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 4 (2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.4-16.
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The article presents the research results on some aspects of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. Carbon neutrality is a challenge for the whole world. In 2020, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a historical maximum. The work aims to study the features of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. The tasks of the work are the analysis of the components of the transition to low-carbon development, analysis of the consumption of fossil fuels, and activities related to the preservation of forests, natural steppe, and meadow ecosystems. Interest in carbon neutrality issues grows yearly, with a particularly in 2021-2022. Most articles on carbon neutrality were published by scientists from China, the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, and Pakistan. They are mainly devoted to carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, renewable energy, energy consumption, financial development, co-integration, dioxin emissions, etc. Positive trends regarding the achievement of carbon neutrality have been identified: the supply of natural gas, coal, and peat has decreased, while the supply of renewable energy sources has increased; the share of coal and peat decreased by 26.4%, and the percentage of energy produced from renewable sources increased to 6.6%; the use of coal and peat decreased by 8.5%, natural gas by 5%, and biofuels increased by 16%; the share of biofuel use increased to 5.8%. Expenditures for environmental protection increased by 88.5%, for preserving biodiversity and habitat - by 3.6 times, and costs for air protection and climate change problems - by 2.5 times. The share of expenditures on the protection of biodiversity and habitat increased to 3.2%, and costs on atmospheric air protection and climate change problems to 19.3%. Negative trends that restrain the development of a carbon-neutral economy were also revealed: a low share of renewable sources in the structure of supply and use. Thus, the percentage of biofuel in aggregate use remains low - only 5.8% in 2020. The area of forest loss is increasing, and the area of forest regeneration has decreased by 36%. The area of reforestation remained at the same level, but the area of afforestation decreased ten times during 2010-2020.
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KARBOVSKA, Liubov, Anna BRATUS, Olena LOZHACHEVSKA, Ekaterina ZHELEZNIAK, and Tamara NAVROTSKA. "State and Trends of the Road Goods Transportation Field Development in Ukraine." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).04.
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The advantages of using motor transport for transportation of goods are substantiated. On the basis of an analysis of the indicators of the volume of transported goods and the turnover of goods of motor transport in a number of countries of Europe (Austria, Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Poland, Finland, France, the Czech Republic, Sweden), reduction of activity in the field of road transportation of goods in 2013 − 2014 and its activation in 2015-2016 are established; in addition, the influence of such negative environmental factors on the activity of road transportation of goods as reduction of the trade turnover of these countries with Russia as a result of the EU sanctions, increasing competition in the road transportation market, and the strengthening of the EU requirements for rolling stock and social guarantees for transportation workers was identified. The statistical data on the volume of transported goods and goods turnover of motor and all types of transport during 2012 − 2017 in Ukraine was explored, and a number of problems were identified that hinder the development of this sphere of activity, the main of which are: low quality of transport infrastructure and, above all, unsatisfactory conditions of road communication lines and corruption in the road construction sector, resulting from inefficient management of the field of activity; low level of safety control as far as road traffic and environmental protection are concerned; environmental pollution by road transport with emissions of harmful gases and transport noise, etc. The basic areas of the development of the sphere of road transportations of goods and of the network of highways are determined.
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Mijailovic, Radomir, and Djordje Petrovic. "When we would benefit from purchasing more environmentally friendly passenger cars? Costs, emission and safety criteria during life cycle." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2023): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230706258m.
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Protection of the society from the negative consequences of the road traffic is a global challenge. The greatest challenges are related to emissions of harmful combustion products and road safety. One of the possible solutions of this challenge is purchasing and using a new, more environmentally friendly passenger car (cleaner and safer). As a more environmentally friendly passenger cars, we considered electric and autonomous passenger cars. Although these cars are more environmentally friendly, their negative feature is high purchase costs. This paper aims to create a model for determining the period of use when the decision to purchase a new, more environmentally friendly passenger car instead of a new, less environmentally friendly passenger car (petrol or diesel) would be beneficial. For that purpose, we analyzed costs, emission and road safety during life cycle. The developed model was applied on real data from Great Britain. Using the results of the model, stakeholders and customers of passenger cars would be able to reach better quality decisions related to purchasing the new passenger cars.
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Tarasionak, Aliaksandr. "Responsible business conduct in the field of ecotourism: conceptual framework, supply chains, regional formalization." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies, no. 1 (2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310018370-0.
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The article examines the problem of introducing the concept of responsible business conduct in the field of ecotourism. The regulatory mechanisms for responsible business conduct by the OECD, the Alliance for Sustainable Hospitality and UNEP are analyzed in the context of their implementation in the field of ecotourism. Significant examples of regional formalization of responsible business conduct mechanisms such as Kenozero National Park (Russia) and Green Tourism Business Scheme (Great Britain) are considered. The scientific novelty of the research lies in considering the organizational aspect of ecotourism through the concept of responsible business conduct, as well as identifying the features of its implementation in the field of ecotourism. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the field of ecotourism, the implementation of the concept of responsible business conduct has a pronounced focus on environmental protection and consumer satisfaction, leaving out of direct sight the areas of human rights, fair labor, fair finance and anti-corruption, which are no less important in the global mechanisms of the OECD, UNEP and the Sustainable Hospitality Alliance. Responsible business institutions in the field of ecotourism in Russia are currently being formed spontaneously and without formalization. An example of the regional formalization of responsible business institutions in the field of ecotourism is the Green Tourism Business Scheme, which stimulates the creation of responsible supply chains in the formation of regional tourism products.
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Frampton, Richard J., and Jack E. Millington. "Vulnerable Road User Protection from Heavy Goods Vehicles Using Direct and Indirect Vision Aids." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063317.
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In Europe, heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are disproportionately involved in serious and fatal collisions with vulnerable road users (VRUs). An interrogation of 2019 national crash data for Great Britain (Stats19) suggested that detection of cyclists and pedestrians in the nearside and front blind spots of HGVs is still a significant problem during forward or left-turn manoeuvres of the HGV. To improve detection, Transport for London introduced Direct Vision and Safe System Standards in 2021 for HGVs entering the Greater London area. This research assessed the efficacy of one of the Safe System requirements—the fitment of sensors to detect vulnerable road users on the nearside of the vehicle. A physical testing procedure was developed to determine the performance of a sensor system meeting the Transport for London Safe System requirements. Overall, the Safe System compliant sensor system missed 52% of expected detection nodes on the nearside of the vehicle. A total of 56% of the “stop vehicle” nodes, 45% of the “slow down” and 48% of the “proceed with caution” nodes were not recognised. The most forward sensor did not fully cover the front-left corner blind spot, missing 70% of the desired detection nodes. Nearside sensor systems fitted to Safe System requirements may cover a reasonable area but could still leave many undetected zones to the left and front of the vehicle. Standardising sensor range and location could help to eliminate sensor blind spots. Mandating additional front sensors would help cover the blind spot at the front-left corner of the HGV.
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Horoshko, Valentyna, Yehor Nazymko, and Yurii Pavliutin. "CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: PROBLEMATIC ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ISSUES, WAYS OF REFORMING." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-3-48-52.
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The subject of the study is the coverage of problematic issues and ways of reforming the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in the context of European integration. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is a dialectical method of scientific knowledge, through the application of this method the legal, functional, organizational and procedural aspects of methodological approaches to the understanding of problematic issues are considered and the ways of reforming the criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine in the context of European integration are considered. The results of the article analyze the current criminal procedure legislation of Ukraine and the legislation of the countries of the European Union. When analyzing the French criminal procedure, two main features can be identified, which distinguish it from the Anglo-Saxon legal system and are criticized by experts from Great Britain and the United States. In France judges are vested with considerable powers. The first feature of French criminal procedure is the institution of preliminary interrogation of the accused by the presiding judge. The judge verifies the sufficiency of the evidence for a conviction. Conclusion. So, based on the above, it is possible to conclude that the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine was created in the spirit of democratic values, but some of its norms need to be reformed in order to improve the mechanism of protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of an individual. The practical experience of France, the Federal Republic of Germany and Great Britain is relevant. The shortcomings of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine are highlighted. The prospects for their reform are outlined and amendments to the current legislation in the context of European integration are proposed. Prospects for further research: a) the study of the experience of individual foreign countries in the context of the improvement of criminal procedural norms; b) analysis of the possibility of harmonization of criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine with the norms of the European Union; c) development of an effective mechanism of relations between the subjects of criminal proceedings. The issue of the relevance and admissibility of evidence is also important. Articles 87-89 of the CPC of Ukraine establish the grounds and procedure for declaring evidence inadmissible. However, judicial practice shows a large number of criminal proceedings against public persons, which the court had to terminate due to the lack of evidence, due to the inadmissibility or improper nature of the evidence. The authors believe that the legislative regulation of the process of collecting evidence in the UK is a positive experience for Ukraine.
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Kostyukova, N. N., and V. A. Bekhalo. "Meningococcal Vaccines of New Generations – the First 20 Years of Use." Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 20, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2021-20-4-103-113.
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Relevance. Meningococcal vaccine refers to any of the vaccines used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. Therefore, there is a great scientific and practical interest in the existing and developed menicococcal vaccines.Aims the review is to provide an analysis: literature data on the effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines of new generations - conjugated polysaccharide serogroups A, C, W and Y and protein serogroup B.Conclusions. With regard to conjugated vaccines, there are a large number of reliable observations confirming the high immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of these vaccine preparations, including the prevention of bacterial carriage and the development of herd immunity. These vaccines are weakly reactogenic, and in many countries, they are introduced into national immunization programs and in some countries are used as mandatory (UK) or in connection with the existing epidemic indications. The protein «vesicle» vaccine based on serogroup B meningococcal outer membrane proteins, showed high efficacy only in those cases when the protein composition of the strain that caused the morbidity corresponded to the composition (mainly in terms of the PorA subtype antigen) of the vaccine. Genetic-engineered vaccines containing only a few serogroup B meningococcal protein antigens with or without the addition of «vesicle» proteins are difficult to evaluate due to the small number of observations associated with low serogroup В prevalence, but in Great Britain, such vaccine was also introduced as mandatory in the national immunization schedule for babies. At the same time, new vaccines of serogroup B induce immune protection against some strains of meningococcus of other serogroups C, W, and Y, and even against other species of Neisseria, in particular - gonococcus. This circumstance gives rise to hope for the development of protein meningococcal vaccines with a wider spectrum of specificity than the group, and even than the species.
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Rutkiewicz, Krzysztof, and Angelika Pruchnicka. "STATE AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SECTORS AND IN RURAL AREAS IN RESPECT OF THE COMPETITION POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE YEARS 2004-2015." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3257.
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The aim of the study is to discuss the legal and economic aspects of granting of state aid in the sectors of agriculture, forestry and in rural areas in the light of the EU competition policy in the years 2004-2015. The methods of deduction, descriptive, critical-cognitive and comparative analysis of statistical data (derived from Eurostat database) on the value and structure of state aid for sectoral targets in the EU-28, were used. State aid in the EU is the instrument aimed at achieving the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, which strengthens the competitiveness and profitability of all agricultural branches, promotes the sustainable forest management and territorial development of rural areas, stimulating the actions in the field of climate and energy efficiency. The greatest beneficiaries of state aid in the agricultural sector in the years 2004- 2015 were: France (16%), Germany (12%), Finland (10%), Italy (9%), Spain (8%), Poland (7%), Great Britain (6%) and Netherlands (5%). In the structure of state aid in the EU-28 Member States, tax exemptions were the predominant use (14%), followed by investments in agricultural holdings (13.6%), support to the livestock sector (8%), animal disease control (6%), agricultural and livestock insurance contributions (5.4%), technical support (5%), forestry support (4.8%), aid for research & development & innovation (4.7%), adverse weather events (4%), public expenditures for environmental protection and compensations for natural disasters and other exceptional occurrences (3.5% each).
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Khomenko, Liliia, Olena Chygryn, Cetin Bektas, and Andriy Iskakov. "Carbon Neutrality of Ukraine as a Determinant of Green Development." Economic Herald of SHEI USUCT 17, no. 1 (2023): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/2415-3974-2022-17-1-122-127.
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The article presents the research results on some aspects of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. Carbon neutrality is a challenge for the whole world. In 2020, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached a historical maximum. The work aims to study the features of achieving carbon neutrality in Ukraine. The tasks of the work are the analysis of the components of the transition to low-carbon development, analysis of the consumption of fossil fuels, and activities related to the preservation of forests, natural steppe, and meadow ecosystems. Interest in carbon neutrality issues grows yearly, with a particularly in 2021–2022. Most articles on carbon neutrality were published by scientists from China, the USA, Great Britain, Turkey, and Pakistan. They are mainly devoted to carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, renewable energy, energy consumption, financial development, co-integration, dioxin emissions, etc. Positive trends regarding the achievement of carbon neutrality have been identified: the supply of natural gas, coal, and peat has decreased, while the supply of renewable energy sources has increased; the share of coal and peat decreased by 26.4%, and the percentage of energy produced from renewable sources increased to 6.6%; the use of coal and peat decreased by 8.5%, natural gas by 5%, and biofuels increased by 16%; the share of biofuel use increased to 5.8%. Expenditures for environmental protection increased by 88.5%, for preserving biodiversity and habitat – by 3.6 times, and costs for air protection and climate change problems – by 2.5 times. The share of expenditures on the protection of biodiversity and habitat increased to 3.2%, and costs on atmospheric air protection and climate change problems to 19.3%. Negative trends that restrain the development of a carbon-neutral economy were also revealed: a low share of renewable sources in the structure of supply and use. Thus, the percentage of biofuel in aggregate use remains low – only 5.8% in 2020. The area of forest loss is increasing, and the area of forest regeneration has decreased by 36%. The area of reforestation remained at the same level, but the area of afforestation decreased ten times during 2010–2020. The scientific novelty consists in the development of theoretical foundations for the identification of regularities in the formation of the energy transformation theory, which differs from the existing ones using bibliometric (VOSviewer v. 1.6.13) analysis.
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Kok, Almar A. L., Mai Stafford, Theodore D. Cosco, Martijn Huisman, Dorly Deeg, Diana Kuh, and Rachel Cooper. "Factors across life associated with remaining free from functional limitations despite lifelong exposure to socioeconomic adversity." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211736.
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BackgroundThere are substantial socioeconomic inequalities in functional limitations in old age. Resilience may offer new insights into these inequalities by identifying constellations of factors that protect some individuals from developing functional limitations despite socioeconomic adversity.MethodsData from 1973 participants in the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (Great Britain), followed from birth until age 60–64, were used. Functional limitations were defined as reporting difficulty with at least 1 of 16 activities at age 60–64. Lifetime socioeconomic adversity was based on socioeconomic trajectories, categorised into three adversity levels. Analysis of covariance and regression models were used to compare psychosocial factors and health-related behaviours between a ‘Resilient’ group (high adversity but no functional limitations) and five groups with other combinations of adversity and limitations.ResultsPrevalence of functional limitations in high, intermediate and low adversity groups was 44%, 30% and 23% in men, and 61%, 55% and 49% in women, respectively. Compared with the other high adversity group, the resilient group had a lower prevalence of childhood illness (12% vs 19%) and obesity throughout ages 43–64 (70% vs 55%). Partially adjusted models also showed higher adolescent self-management, lower neuroticism, higher prevalence of volunteer work and physical activity (age 60–64) and lower prevalence of smoking (age 43) in the resilient. Marital status and contact frequency were not associated with resilience.ConclusionResults suggest protection against childhood illness, health-behavioural factors and self-regulation as targets for interventions across life that may particularly benefit those with long-term exposure to socioeconomic adversity.
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DZHYHIL, Yuriy. "THE INTERACTION OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT IN NEAVE BROWN'S MOST OUTSTANDING CREATION." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 5, no. 1 (June 7, 2023): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2023.01.075.
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The article explores the origins of unique creative methods of the British architect Neave Brown (1929-2018). The deep ideas that the author laid in the architectural and spatial solutions of the most famous of his works - the Alexandra Road Estate residential complex in the Camden Town district of London (Great Britain) are revealed. In particular, the role of the social context in the formation of housing is revealed and the interaction of architecture with the urban environment is demonstrated. The relevance of Neave Brown's ideas and the importance of their adaptation in modern residential construction have been revealed. He singled out the important project tasks that affect the quality of the architectural environment. To achieve this, efforts should be aimed at ensuring: of favorable physical condition of the environment - protection against noise and vibrations, insolation and natural lighting, landscaping, etc.; conditions of residents’ socialization - for their service, communication, physical activity, care of the adjoining territory, etc.; safe, convenient, comfortable living conditions in apartments. Neave Brown defined social housing as rational, functionally expedient, financially affordable. But that didn't mean dwellings had to be cheap. Environmental degradation and social losses due to poor design decisions lead to premature deterioration of relatively new buildings. That is unacceptable from the point of view of modern requirements for saving fossil resources, reducing emissions and rational use of nature. Also, the Alexandra Road Estate project solved an important problem of rational and competent use of the territory previously unsuitable for development. The residential complex had a population density of 210 people per acre, which rivaled high-rises. The conclusion is drawn - by Neave Braun's project of Alexandra Road Estate can be considered one of the most amazing examples of architectural modernism in residential architecture of the 70s of the XX century. Neave Brown's ideas regarding the directions of development of residential architecture are still relevant today, especially in the realities of Ukraine, when many proposals for its post-war reconstruction are put forward.
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Thompson, JP, PB Casey, and JA Vale. "Pesticide incidents reported to the Health and Safety Executive 1989/90- 1991/92." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 8 (August 1995): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400802.
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1 Data concerning pesticide incidents investigated by the Field Operations Division (FOD) of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in Great Britain have been collated for the three year period April 1989 to March 1992. Over this period the HSE investigated 613 incidents concerning pes ticides : 338 related to general or environmental com plaints not involving human poisoning and 275 were sus pected poisoning incidents. 2 The two hundred and seventy-five suspected poisoning incidents were assessed by the Pesticide Incidents Appraisal Panel (PIAP) as 'confirmed', 'likely', 'unlikely', 'not confirmed', or that there were 'insufficient data' to make an assessment. Assessed data are unavailable for eight incidents reported in 1989. 3 Four hundred and eighteen members of the public were involved in 202 assessed incidents and 79 workers were exposed in 65 assessed incidents. Overall, 129 (48%) inci dents were assessed as 'confirmed' or 'likely', 121 (45%) as 'unlikely' or 'not confirmed' and in 17 (6%) there were 'insufficient data' to form a judgement. Incidents occur ring in an occupational setting were assessed as 'con firmed' or 'likely' more frequently (62%) than those involving members of the public (44%). 5 Thirty-six per cent of those involved in a 'confirmed' poisoning incident were working with a pesticide or were in close proximity to the operator; 41% were on private property adjacent to a field being sprayed and a further 23% involved those walking, cycling or jogging past a sprayed field. 6 These data underestimate the number of occupational pesticide poisoning incidents in Great Britain as incidents involving sheep dips are not considered by PIAP but are dealt with by a parallel scheme run by the Veterinary Medicines Directorate. In addition, few of the non-occupa tional incidents, for example those referred to one of the UK National Poisons Information Service Centres, are included in these data. 7 Sixty deaths from pesticide poisoning were recorded in England and Wales between 1989-1991, though the major ity of cases followed the deliberate ingestion of a pesticide rather than occupational exposure. Only one of these was reported to the HSE and that concerned the deliberate ingestion of mevinphos. A second death reported to the HSE involved a farmer who died some 11 months after he became unwell following fumigation of his glasshouse soil with methyl bromide by a contractor. It is unlikely that this death was related to exposure to methyl bromide. 8 Over the 3 year period of the study there was an increase in the number of prosecutions laid before the courts (Under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 made under the Food and Environment Protection Act 1985), though the number of Enforcement Notices served decreased. In addition, the average total fine decreased for the incidents prosecuted successfully.
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Moysey, Antoniy, and Arcadiy Moiseі. "Creative heritage of Dimitry Dan and its international perception." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.2.2022.348.
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Dimitriy Dan (1856–1927) was a priest, ethnographer, historian, publicist, member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to his publications in German, his works became available to scientists of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and other countries. His works have been included in bibliographic indexes during his life, reviews of them have been published in leading scientific journals of that time. The purpose of this article is to outline the main directions of D. Dan's research and to make a classification of his works, as well as a generalization of the international perception of his creative heritage. Source base. The work is based on search work in museum institutions, archives, libraries of Chernivtsi (Ukraine), Chisinau (Republic of Moldova), Suceava (Romania), the use of special information and search systems on the Internet (including the use of online archives of European journals , almanacs, societies, libraries, etc.). This made it possible to analyze leading magazines in the field of history and ethnography, Bulletins of National Libraries, Materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums of the period 1890-1918 of such European countries as France, Poland, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Russia, Hungary, Great Britain and USA in the period 1890–1927. Secondly, to analyze the international perception of D. Dan's scientific works among scientists in Europe and the USA in the period after D. Dan's death (1927) until the present day. Methodology: bibliographic analysis, use of special information and search systems on the Internet. The research is relevant for the comparative determination of the importance of the researches of different scientists. A more in-depth classification of D. Dan's works (Appendix No. 1), an analysis of international significance, and the use of special search engines on the Internet confirm the novelty of the proposed article. Conclusions. A detailed study of D. Dan's creative heritage allows us to classify his works into the following categories: historical works; “monographs of villages”; description of different ethnic groups of Bukovyna; ethnography and folklore; sermons and articles devoted to spiritual and church matters; museology, protection of historical monuments and paleography; toponymy and natural history of Bukovyna; journalistic works; translations of works; memoirs, reviews and obituaries. The analysis of leading magazines and yearbooks, Bulletins of National Libraries, materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums, bibliographic and scientific works gives us grounds to state the wide lifelong recognition of the importance of D. Dan's works in Bukovina, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as in such countries as Germany, Great Britain, USA, France, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary; as well as in the period after his death among scientists in Europe and the United States. This testifies to the recognition of the value of his works by the international scientific community. His works devoted to ethnic groups of Bukovyna became the most famous, mainly those published in German. The analysis showed that the works of D. Dan, as one of the first and authoritative researchers of ethnic groups of Bukovyna, are still referred to in Europe and the USA.
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Harvey, Mark W. T. "Environmental Protection in the United States: Industry, Agencies, Environmentalists. By Joseph M. Petulla, National Styles of Regulation: Environmental Policy in Great Britain and the United States. By David Vogel and Pesticides and Politics: The Life Cycle of a Public Issue. By Christopher J. Bosso." Forest & Conservation History 33, no. 4 (October 1989): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4005161.
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Dulger, Volodymyr, Serhii Baranov, and Ivan Khozlu. "THE INSTITUTE OF CITIZEN APPEALS AS AN ACTIVE MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC HUMAN RIGHTS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-3-65-71.
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The institute of appeal of citizens to state authorities as an effective mechanism of implementation of socio-economic human rights and freedoms is studied. Attention is drawn to the fact that human rights are the highest social value and determine the degree of political, economic, cultural and other human freedoms. The authors established that the state must be accountable to the individual for its activities, in this regard, ensuring human rights and freedoms is the main responsibility of the state, but all this is possible subject to the principle of the rule of law, which in many countries is enshrined as constitutional. It was found that the problematic issues remain related to the definition of international requirements for the mechanism of implementation of the right of citizens to appeal to public authorities, providing a mechanism for exercising the right of citizens to appeal to public authorities using the latest information technologies, etc. The authors have found that the institute of citizens' appeal to public authorities, as a mechanism for exercising human rights and freedoms, includes many important areas, such as the conduct of public affairs, both directly and through freely elected representatives; the functioning of public control; ensuring the right of access to public information, etc. The peculiarities of the development of the institute of citizens' recourse in the context of international experience in the realization of human rights and freedoms were investigated. It was found that the dynamism of the development of international law at the present time has also influenced the fairly rapid development of the institute of citizens' right to appeal to public authorities, which in turn has affected the increased participation of citizens of different states in the political processes in the world. The concept of the right of citizens to appeal to public authorities has been formulated. International requirements for the mechanism of implementation of the citizens' right to appeal to public authorities were analyzed and identified. The authors found that the international requirements for the mechanism of implementation of the citizens' right to appeal to public authorities are based on five basic principles. The prospect of introducing information technology in the process of citizens' applications to public authorities is considered. It was determined that the rapid development of modern information technologies and their introduction into various spheres of social life has not bypassed their introduction into the legal sphere, which in turn led to the processing of increasing volumes of information in a short period of time, and on the other hand, was a consequence of threats of violation of individual rights, through unauthorized access to personal data, their theft and use for criminal purposes. Shows the problematic aspects arising from the introduction of modern technologies in the work with the citizens' appeal, which affect the protection of personal data. The experience of many countries, such as Great Britain, Germany, Scotland, USA, etc., in the implementation of the system of electronic appeal and the use of electronic petitions as the most progressive form of communication with the government is analyzed.
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Kuchumov, A. V., and E. V. Pecheritsa. "DIGITAL INNOVATION, AML/CFT COMPLIANT AND RISK-BASED APPROACH." ECONOMIC VECTOR 4, no. 31 (December 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/2411-7269-2022-4-31-56-63.
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The article analyzes a review of the best in- ternational practices in the field of AML/CFT, developed and adopted by such countries as Germany, Great Britain, USA, Singapore, France. These include the standards of the Intergovernmental Commission on Financial Monitoring (FATF), as well as the ongoing monitoring and risk-based approach that are being implemented to combat money laun- dering around the world. The following re- search methods were used in the article: an analysis of modern scientific literature by foreign authors, focused on the aspect of crimes related to money laundering in the international AML regime in accordance with FATF standards. The purpose of this study is to consider the possibility of introducing artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of AML/CFT based on an analysis of the best international practices. 13 sources were ana- lyzed, including 4 scientific articles, including those on the introduction of artificial intelli- gence in combating money laundering and terrorism financing, 5 websites of regional organizations like the FATF. The study iden- tified barriers to the introduction of digital innovations in the field of AML/CFT for both commercial organizations and supervisory authorities: the difficulties and costs associ- ated with replacing or updating outdated sys- tems, difficulties associated with the explain- ability and interpretability of digital solutions. It is concluded that, when used responsibly and proportionately, innovative AML/CFT technologies can help identify risks and fo- cus efforts on existing and emerging issues,while manual verification and human partici- pation remain critical, while developing, im- plementing and regulatory oversight of inno- vative technologies should reflect both threats and opportunities, and the use of innovative tools should be compatible with international data protection, privacy and cybersecurity standards.
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Leheza, Yuliia, and Olena Surilova. "LEGAL REGULATION OF THE APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES: THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-3-99-103.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the most optimal ways to solve the problems of financing the implementation of environmental protection measures formulated based on the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of ensuring the rational use of natural resources. Methodology. The method of comparative legal research was used to analyse foreign experience in the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources, and the methods of modelling, analysis, and synthesis allowed determining the directions of increasing the efficiency of economic incentive use in Ukraine. Research results. Based on the studied experience of legal regulation of the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources in the countries of the European Union, the United States of America, Great Britain, Canada, and other foreign countries, it was concluded on the expediency of its implementation in Ukraine. The author determined the appropriateness of the introduction of tax privileges of economic activity of entities that promote the use of advanced technologies, which contribute to reducing the negative impact on the environment. The expediency of application in Ukraine of an extensive system of taxation of activities associated with the use of natural resources by means of activating the introduction of direct taxes paid directly by natural users is substantiated. The practicability of inclusion of payments for obtaining appropriate special permits (licenses), which are granted not only for the use of natural resources but also for the activities related to environmental pollution, in the system of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources is substantiated. The practical importance of the study. The expediency of introducing in Ukraine the approach of financial substantiation of national and regional programs in the sphere of natural resources utilization, which are realized at the expense of state and local budgets and successfully applied in foreign countries, is proved. The originality of the research. The results and conclusions of th e research can be used in the process of improving the legal regulation of the application of economic mechanisms for ensuring the rational use of natural resources.
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Lovas, Dóra. "Relevance of the Court Decision on the Hinkley Point Nuclear Power Plant in Relation to Paks II." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.2.305-317.
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<p>The aim of the article is to present the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the case of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant. This investment can also be related to the Paks II nuclear power plant investment, therefore the two investments are compared too. Both projects were examined by the European Commission, which take an important part when the national aid was awarded to Hinkley Point C and Paks II projects, and the decision of the CJEU also had influence on it. The author considers the European Commission’s aid conception positive, because the less developed countries are not forced to use only the renewables, but the environmental and security aspects of nuclear energy are also allowed (e.g. Hinkley Point C and Paks II nuclear power plants). The subsidy was allowed in both cases, but the reasons are different. In these cases, the limits of the EU energy politics can be seen, i.e. the right to select the package and the priority of the energy security and sustainable development. To mention an example for the difference, in Great Britain the energy sector was divided among the participants on the market but in Hungary the nuclear energy remained under state control. In the first option the state wanted to prove that it grants offset for the help to the general market services and in the second option the market investor principle was highlighted in order to show no other market participant act in other way. These points were not accepted, the state aid was provided both cases with permissible reasons because the projects condescend the goals of environmental policy and energy security. The decisions show that as a result of the efforts to protect the environment the dependency on energy increased and it cannot be solved only be encouraging the usage of the renewables. The permissive attitude of the European Commission can be found here and it is influenced by the increased state regulative roles. According to the author, it also appears in the environmentally friendly decisions which refers to the Paris Agreement’s fulfilment and the involvement of environmental requirements into politics. Moreover, the European Union tries to maintain its leader role in economics, which can be reached by the decrease of energy dependency and the exclusive usage of renewable energies is not the appropriate solution. The CJEU judgement is relevant in several respects. The article focuses primarily on the issue of environmental protection, state aid and the relation between the Euratom Treaty and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.</p>
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Eich-Born, Marion, and Robert Hassink. "On the Battle between Shipbuilding Regions in Germany and South Korea." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 4 (April 2005): 635–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37122.
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Over time we can observe a dramatic global shift in shipbuilding activities, from Great Britain to Continental Europe to Japan to South Korea; most recently China is gaining ground. Every transition is accompanied by institutional and political reactions, leading to protectionism and trade conflicts. The most recent of these battles is being fought out between the European Commission, in particular Germany as a major player in this market, and South Korea, which is accused of illegally supporting its shipyards. As state support has traditionally played an important role, both in establishing and in protecting shipbuilding as a strategic industry within a national economy, the concept of political lock-in appears to provide a promising method for explaining both the rise, through its enabling element, and delayed fall, through its constraining element, of these specific regional economies. Against the background of this theoretical concept, an empirical study comparing two competing shipbuilding regions—Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in eastern Germany and Gyeongnam in South Korea—was conducted; the results are twofold. First, restructuring the shipbuilding industry in these two regions seems less affected by local and regional factors than it is by national and international organisations. National and international organisations are, under globalisation conditions, increasingly responsible for regulating the conditions of competition, but are failing to do so. Second, because of the multiscale involvement of political and economic actors and, hence, the increasing complexity of the restructuring process, the concept of political lock-in needs to be integrated into a much broader explanatory framework—which the authors develop.
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Rozdobudko, Mykola. "Analysis of development trends and structure of «green» investments in the world." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 82, no. 3 (2023): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2023.03.227.
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The analysis of development trends and the structure of «green» investments of the countries of the world is a relevant topic in the modern world, since the «green» economy and sustainable development are among the main priorities of many states. In the scientific work, the main trends in the development of «green» investments in the world as a whole and separately in selected countries were analyzed, the regularities and peculiarities of their structure were revealed. The main focus of the research is on countries with a high level of development, dense population, as well as economies that are actively developing and that have serious problems with energy supply. Among such countries, we can highlight the USA, China, Japan, Germany, France, Great Britain, Canada, Italy, Spain, Australia, Brazil and others. It was determined that the dynamics of «green» investments in the world for the period 2011–2021 shows significant growth. In 2012, the total amount of «green» investment in the world was 254 billion USD, and in 2021 it will reach 2.5 trillion USD. The lion's share of «green» investments in the world is directed to the field of renewable energy, the second place is occupied by the production of electric cars, the third is energy efficiency, and the fourth is the protection of water resources. The priority directions of «green» investments are highlighted, in particular, renewable energy sources, energy-efficient technologies, environmentally friendly production, etc. Based on the results of the research, the main laws and trends of the development of «green» investments in different countries of the world were determined, as well as the peculiarities of their structure were revealed. Factors affecting the development of the green economy and «green» investments in the countries of the world, such as financial incentives, state regulation, technological progress, and increased public awareness of environmental issues, are also analyzed. The growing dynamics of the implementation of nature-based solutions at the global level was noted. The results of the research can be useful for developing strategies for the development of the «green» economy and «green» investments in different countries of the world, as well as for determining priorities in the development of environmentally friendly technologies and productions.
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Liashenko, V., and Iе Chebotarov. "The World Experience of Post-War Recovery: the Dialectic of Implementation and Adaptation in Ukraine." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 3 (73) (2023): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2023-3(73)-122-131.
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The post-war recovery policy of Ukraine, the development of which takes on the characteristics of one of the most important prerequisites for ensuring national economic security, its epistemological premise contains a generalization of the experience of other countries that faced similar civilizational challenges. The purpose of the article is to understand the initial basic institutional and organizational management principles of the Marshall Plan and the experience of the postwar development of the countries of Western Europe, the Indo-Pacific subregion, the Middle East, the Western Balkans, and Georgia in order to determine the conditions and prospects for adapting their approaches and mechanisms in Ukraine in the context further development of the foundations of the state policy of post-war reconstruction. At the same time, the definition of the original category "state policy of post-war economic recovery" of Ukraine in a limited sense can be stated as follows. This is a set of basic theoretical provisions, organizational and management measures and regulatory mechanisms aimed at ensuring the socio-economic development of the country in post-war conditions. Based on a combination of institutional, economic, scientific and technical, nature protection, and purely military features, it is recognized that it is especially necessary to take into account the experience of the following countries and subregions: West Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy, as the countries - the largest recipients of the "Marshall Plan"; countries of the Indo-Pacific subregion (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam), based on their special scientific and technological achievements; Israel - taking into account a number of similar features of Ukraine with it regarding the vital activities of the state and society at the post-war stage; countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro) based on the common problems of Ukraine in the context of implementation of the European integration course; Georgia - based on a set of common institutional and military conditions. Summarizing the experience of post-war recovery on the example of these ten countries and the Western Balkans subregion for more than seventy-five years following the Second World War and seven more local wars, made it possible to determine the essential content of those characteristics of recovery measures, the adaptation of which is useful for Ukraine, and those characteristics that Ukraine should not assume.
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Spence, Nicola, and Sam Grant. "Using International Trade Data to Inform the Plant Health and Biosecurity Response in the UK." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_06.
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Plants are essential for supporting human life, providing food, oxygen and medicine as well as benefits to health from interacting with nature. Plants also play a crucial role in ecosystems and in mitigating the effects of climate change. The importance of plants to humans and to the environment is gaining a higher level of attention in today's political and social landscape. The Great Britain Plant Health and Biosecurity Strategy will be updated this year to reflect upcoming challenges for maintaining high biosecurity standards while the Tree Health Resilience Strategy protects our trees going forward, allowing for adaption to environmental change and building resilience to future threats. Additionally, 2020 is the FAO's International Year of Plant Health providing a unique opportunity to raise the profile of plant heath further on a global scale. Critical to biosecurity is the global trade in plants and plant commodities which may offer us the option to grow plants that are more suited to a future, warmer climate and thus more resilient to climate change, but which brings with it an increased risk of invasive pests and diseases. It is important that we protect our native species and minimise the risks of introducing new pests and diseases. The UK's plant health regime aims to manage that risk to protect the value of plants and trees, both as crops and forestry products, as well as ecosystem services and societal benefits. The UK is a net importer of plants and plant commodities and it is the role of the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate (PHSI) and the Forestry Commission (FC) to carry out checks on imported material. Given that there are over 1,000 pests on the UK Plant Health Risk Register the challenge cannot be understated. It is unrealistic to expect that we can provide effective protection from all pests and diseases so potentially serious pests which are identified by the UK Plant Health Risk Group are subject to a detailed pest risk analysis (PRA) following internationally agreed methodologies. Import inspections are risk-based and use the outcomes of the PRA as the basis for focusing resource to the highest threats. The experimental statistics released by Defra in March 2020 'Plant Health – international trade and controlled consignments, 2014–2018' were developed to address some of the evidence gaps around plant health related trade and the value of plant health, and to provide users with information on the work of import inspectors.
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Rathbone, A., and M. Hagos. "A qualitative study exploring experiences of racism, inclusivity and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (November 30, 2022): ii42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.049.
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Abstract Introduction Approximately 40% of pharmacists in Great Britain identify as part of minority ethnic group, however research has identified that these pharmacists are under-represented in senior management positions.1 Additionally, there is a well documented attainment differential in pharmacy education, suggesting disparity that extends beyond practice, to initial training and education.2 Further work is needed to explore career progression, racism, inclusivity, and diversity in pharmacy practice and education. Aim To explore experiences of racism, inclusivity, and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education. Methods Six online focus groups lasting one hour were competed on Microsoft Teams with a convenience sample of 29 pharmacists, trainees and students recruited via email and social media. Automatic verbatim transcripts were quality checked then thematically analysed using NVivo Version 1.2 and a step-wise approach of familiarization, coding, and clustering to identify key themes that described participants’ experiences. Ethical approval was obtained by an institutional ethics committee. Results The main themes were Defining racism; Experiencing racism; Race talk; and Career progression. Participants defined racism as a combination of ignorance and malice, manifested in derogatory language, physical violence and judgement based on skin colour, accent, hair type, and clothing. Racism was experienced both overtly and subtly, by senior colleagues, contemporaries, patients, and staff members from other disciplines. Two white participants reported never experiencing racism. Engagement with race-related training or practice issues, such as addressing racist encounters with colleagues or patients, was limited by senior managers, who were perceived to prioritise economic interests (not losing customers) and protecting organisational branding. Talking about race (Race talk) was mostly reported as uncomfortable with managers from white backgrounds, as this led to misunderstanding and confusion, misrepresentation as “playing the race card” and minimisation. Equally, white participants reported feeling very uncomfortable and being afraid to talk about race. This meant challenging racist behaviours, attitudes or systems was difficult for all participants and had to pass a threshold to be ‘worth’ bringing up. This threshold was lower if racism was observed directed at somebody else, rather than at participants personally. Career progression was reported as limited due to racial biases by recruiting managers; with participants reporting “there is a certain point where pharmacists of colour can get to”. White participants reported no perceivable impact of their race on career progression. Discussion/Conclusion The aim of the study was to explore racism, inclusivity, and diversity on career progression in pharmacy practice and education. The results demonstrate racism in pharmacy practice and education which cuts across all levels of workforce education, training, and development, creating a perceived ceiling effect. A strength of the study is that participants were recruited from across social and ethnic groups in Great Britain. Although qualitative data are not generalisable, they may be transferable to other settings. Quantitative work is needed to assess the scale of these experiences across the profession. References 1. Seston EM, Fegan T, Hassell K, Schafheutle EI. Black and minority ethnic pharmacists' treatment in the UK: a systematic review. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2015;11(6):749-68. 2. OPM, Qualitative research into Registration Assessment performance among Black-African candidates 2016. Available from: https://www.pharmacyregulation.org/sites/default/files/qual-research-into-ra-performance-among-black-african_candidates_final_1.pdf accessed 6 June 2022
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Pavliv, Oksana. "International experience in regulating land relations and its adaptation in Ukraine." Democratic governance 32, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2023.02.172.
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Abstract. The article reveals ways of adapting the international experience of regulating land relations in Ukraine. The experience of France, Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Germany was analyzed. It was found that Ukraine should search for its vectors of development of land relations, answering a large number of complex questions that will arise during this process. Areas of regulation of land relations in foreign countries worthy of implementation in Ukraine are highlighted: to ensure prioritization of the agrarian and ecological system; to develop a risk management system that determines the relevance, modernity and effectiveness of preventive means of public management of land relations; to activate the further development of the cadastral system; to involve the public in management in the field of land relations, which will include the following areas: integrated village development projects, production of agricultural products; stability of agricultural production volumes, which is determined by a powerful subsidy system, etc.; to ensure the distribution of land according to the "effective owner" rule, which provides for the provision of land plots to owners who manage the land independently, live in the given territory and contribute to the development of local infrastructure and filling of the local budget; to ensure that agricultural lands are under state control in order to eliminate speculative transactions with land resources and to prevent fragmentation of peasant farms and the lands included in them when the owner changes; create companies like the French SAFER with the aim of establishing fixed prices for agricultural land, creating a single national base of agricultural land, protecting small and medium-sized businesses, preventing the spread of unemployment in territorial communities; organize small businesses and create jobs on the territory of small administrative units with large intensive highly specialized farms and small specialized farms; to regulate the agricultural land market using such levers as: prices, taxes, quantitative restrictions on sales, acquisition and use of land, state ordering of agricultural products, etc.
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Ustyuzhaninova, Ekaterina A. "Mediation in Public Law of Great Britain." Administrative law and procedure 6 (June 17, 2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2021-6-64-67.
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Mediation as one of alternative dispute resolution means has been successfully applied in the civil relationship sphere in Great Britain for a long time, for example, in cases on protection of consumer rights or cases involving commercial activities. Mediation is not an obligatory condition for addressing a court, refusal from mediation may lead to negative consequences for the parties in the legal expense distribution. Courts are constantly emphasizing their interest in early settlement of disputes including public law ones that are reviewed in the judicial review procedure: the jurisdiction specifically designed for the verification of legality of actions and judgments of the public government.
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Day, J. B. W. "Springs of Great Britain." Environmental Geology 27, no. 2 (March 1, 1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050029.
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Day, J. B. W. "Springs of Great Britain." Environmental Geology 27, no. 2 (March 1996): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01061671.
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Jenkins, D. W., and B. T. Davies. "Product safety in Great Britain and the consumer protection act 1987." Applied Ergonomics 20, no. 3 (September 1989): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(89)90079-3.
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Kushlan, James A., M. Owen, G. L. Atkinson-Willes, and D. G. Salmon. "Wildfowl in Great Britain." Colonial Waterbirds 10, no. 1 (1987): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521246.
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Frick, Sandra B. "School Nursing in Great Britain." Journal of School Health 55, no. 3 (March 1985): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1985.tb04096.x.
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