Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental protection – European Union countries'
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De, Matteis Pietro. "Sino-European energy, environmental and climate change diplomacy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610458.
Full textPalmer, James Robert. "Science and politics in European energy and environmental policy : the wicked problem of biofuels and indirect land-use change (ILUC)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608217.
Full textBAHMER, Larissa Elisabeth. "Chutes, ladders, snakes and surprises : policy durability and policy flexibility in EU energy and climate governance based on the governance regulation." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69195.
Full textSupervisor : Professor Joanne Scott (European University Institute)
Whether the EU will live up to its leadership ambition in mitigating climate change to no little extent depends on whether the Governance Regulation will prove successful or whether it will add to the list of climate and energy policies which aimed high but performed low. This thesis analyses the legal arrangements of the Governance Regulation as embedded in the EU constitutional and administrative law framework in light of policy durability and policy flexibility, with the aim of assessing whether the Governance Regulation promises to build a long-lasting yet adaptable foundation for EU energy and climate governance that facilitates ratcheting up ambition and progress toward a ‘climate neutral’ Union.
Keilbach, Patricia Maria. "International and domestic sources of environmental protection : a study of European Union enlargement /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018377.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-316). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Liang, Zheng Yun. "The enviromental principles of the European Union." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120095.
Full textLi, Qian. "European Union normative approaches to enviromental governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120096.
Full textKlien, Michael, Markus Leibrecht, and Özlem Onaran. "Globalization, welfare regimes and social protection expenditures in Western and Eastern European countries." SFB International Tax Coordination, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1608/1/document.pdf.
Full textSeries: Discussion Papers SFB International Tax Coordination
Kovaleva, Nadejda V. "Restructuring of European Union agriculture : enforcement and recognition of environmental interest." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391081.
Full textWei, De Cai. "Trade related environmental measures of European Union : a new kind of trade barriers?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637069.
Full textZhou, Jia Lei. "EU water law : the right balance between environmental and economic considerations?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637070.
Full textLynskey, Orla. "Identifying the objectives of EU data protection regulation and justifying its costs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608116.
Full textD'AMICO, Alessia. "Optimising regulatory responses to consumer disempowerment over personal data in the digital world." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/71844.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Giorgio Monti (Tilburg University); Professor Michal Gal (University of Haifa); Professor Orla Lynskey (London School of Economics); Professor Peter Drahos (European University Institute)
This thesis addresses the problem of individuals’ lack of control over personal data in the digital world. It sheds light on market and regulatory failures that lie behind the status quo and proposes a framework to improve regulatory responses. The two regulatory regimes that are at the core of this thesis are EU data protection regulation, which protects individuals’ fundamental rights over data, and EU competition law, which safeguards the sound functioning of the market and consumers’ economic interests. Despite the existence of these two regulatory regimes, individuals do not have sufficient control over personal data collected by digital firms, whose control over large datasets is a factor contributing to market monopolisation. The thesis argues that one reason for the shortcomings of today’s regulatory framework is that the market failure is composed of a combination of factors, which are currently addressed by the different regimes relatively independently. This dichotomy hinders the development of an effective strategy to tackle the market failure in its entirety. The approach taken in this thesis is that by integrating the two regimes, it might be possible to close the gaps deriving from a narrow perception of their regulatory spaces. Hence, the thesis formulates a holistic approach, encompassing data protection regulation and competition law, designed to increase the effectiveness of the regulatory framework as a whole. Different dimensions of the regimes’ interrelation are analysed, to uncover new ways to harness their complementarity and minimise their inconsistencies and overlaps. The thesis looks at how the regimes can incorporate elements from each other to inform their policies and application of their rules, as well as developing a complementary enforcement strategy. The holistic framework ultimately allows both regimes to better tailor their regulatory responses to the functioning of the digital market and take account of the diverse elements that constitute the market failure they seek to correct.
Klein, Florian. "The implicit cost of environmental protection : pollution performance and chemical industries in the European Union." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1857/.
Full textBrown, Antje C. K. "Subnational regions matter : implementing EU environmental policies in Scotland and Bavaria." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3249.
Full textBribosia, Emmanuelle. "La protection des droits fondamentaux dans l'ordre juridique communautaire: le poids respectif des logiques fonctionnelle et autonome dans le cadre normatif et jurisprudentiel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211769.
Full textMacdonald, Anna Maria. "Green Normative Power? Relations between New Zealand and the European Union on Environment." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3161.
Full textLi, Wen Jing. "Water governance in a changing climate : adaptation strategy of EU water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586411.
Full textBao, Yong Liang. "Meeting the challenge of EU enlargement : approximation of Environmental legislation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2185450.
Full textRAVALLI, Rebecca. "Externalities of production in GVCs : an EU consumer perspective." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/73849.
Full textExamining Board: Professor Hans – W. Micklitz, European University Institute (Supervisor), Professor Martijn W. Hesselink, European University Institute, Professor Anna Beckers, Maastricht University, Professor Fernanda Nicola, Washington College of Law.
This doctoral dissertation examines the EU consumer perspective on externalities of production in global value chains (GVCs). Whether as part of the discourse on development or global economic governance, externalities of production are a long-standing issue that has been problematised not only by lawyers but also by economists, anthropologists, sociologists and social scientists at large. In the legal field, the analysis has struggled to contextualise consumer law and policy together with the peculiarities of GVCs as a distinct model of business organisation characterised by contractualisation of processes of production. The thesis argues that contractualisation of production establishes a relationship between consumers and processes of production, also in relation to externalities. Such a relation is not mirrored either by the voluntary self-regulation through which enterprises regulate externalities nor by EU consumer law. The present dissertation addresses this matter and argues that EU consumer law limits the involvement of consumers in the process of self-regulation that leading enterprises of GVCs undertake to prevent and/or remedy externalities of production and that results into a unilateral exercise of epistemic authority. The exercise of epistemic authority is favoured by a ‘communication paradigm’ framing EU consumer law, according to which consumer claims’ on sustainability and externalities of production depend on the content of the communication consumers receive prior or via the contract. This paradigm prevents consumers involvement, in all phases of the contractual relationship, in the definition of a legal episteme of sustainability in line with the core constitutional principles and values as enshrined in the EU Treaties and constitutional charters of member states. The final part of the thesis suggests that the limits deriving by the communication paradigm can be overcome by the CJEU that, by relying on the principle of effectiveness can integrate the communication paradigm with a consumer perspective on externalities of production in the post-contractual phase.
PAGANO, Mario. "Overcoming Plaumann : Environmental NGOs and access to justice before the CJEU." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75102.
Full textExamining Board : Professor Joanne Scott, (European University Institute, supervisor); Professor Claire Kilpatrick, (European University Institute); Professor Áine Ryall, (University College Cork); Professor Scott Cummings, (University of California, Los Angeles)
Since the early ‘90s, environmental NGOs have been fighting to be granted standing in actions for annulment. Direct access to the EU judiciary is hindered by the narrow interpretation given by the Court of the ‘individual concern’ requirement laid down under Article 263(4) TFEU. This narrow interpretation is known as ‘the Plaumann test’. By drawing from the literature on legal mobilisation and combining doctrinal and qualitative methods of analysis, the present dissertation explores how the European environmental movement has mobilised to overcome Plaumann in the last thirty years. In this regard, this thesis provides an empirical and theoretical contribution to the study of strategic litigation in the environmental domain. This by shedding light on the NGOs’ understanding of the legal opportunity structure in the EU, as well as on NGOs’ resources and legal strategies deployed to overcome Plaumann. This dissertation shows the relevance of networks membership in EU environmental litigation and argues that the lack of internal legal expertise does not necessarily prevent environmental organisations from resorting to legal mobilisation. Furthermore, this dissertation holds that, despite Plaumann, NGOs’ achievements are remarkable. In particular, the new Aarhus Regulation is expected to bring more legal mobilisation in Europe and deliver more disputes on the ‘science’ underlying EU environmental measures. Conversely, in the climate domain, NGOs are building what I conceptualised in terms of ‘transnational incremental judicial comfort’. The spreading of ‘judicial comfort’ in the climate context casts shadows on the CJEU, which looks increasingly ‘obsolete’ in the eyes of climate litigants. Finally, this dissertation argues that there is a demand within the European environmental movement for a different kind of EU environmental justice, which does not settle for administrative review of EU acts, but that rather strives for a more substantive judicial review of EU policy measures (including legislative acts).
Malafry, Melina. "Biodiversity Protection in an Aspiring Carbon-Neutral Society : A Legal Study on the Relationship between Renewable Energy and Biodiversity in a European Union Context." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-305736.
Full textAnger-Kraavi, Annela. "Emissions trading for regulating climate change impacts of aviation : a case study of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610211.
Full textPetroiu, Marius. "Forms of trade secret protection : a comparative analysis of the United States, Canada, the European Union and Romania." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99150.
Full textThe introductory chapter deals with the historical and economic backgrounds of the trade secret protection. An overview of trade secret protection at international scale is also provided. The thesis compares the forms of trade secret protection available in each jurisdiction. Based on the survey, the thesis comes to an answer of the question of "What is the most appropriate form of trade secrets protection?".
The final chapter provides a number of conclusions and recommendations.
COURELL, Ann Marie. "The friendly settlement procedure under the European convention on human rights." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7026.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Philip Alston (European University Institute) ; Prof. Francesco Francioni (European University Institute) ; Prof. Olivier de Schutter (University of Louvain) ; Prof. Kevin Boyle (University of Essex Colchester)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Triebswetter, U. M. "The impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness in the German manufacturing industry : a comparison with other countries of the European Union." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273138.
Full textSavevska, Maja. "The evolving governance structure of the European Union : asymmetric, but not disembedded : immanent possibilities in the social and environmental policy domains." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67645/.
Full textFahlbusch, Markus. "European integration in the field of human rights protection: the interaction on the basis of different constitutional cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209162.
Full textThis thesis identifies two major factors in the courts’ reasoning that inhibit the fruitful discussion of the substantive human rights questions brought up by the cases: the reference to “culture” and the focus on their institutional relationship with the balancing of possibly conflicting interests. By way of analysing practical cases against a legal- and political-theoretical backdrop, this work develops how these two factors contribute to the obstruction of a constructive interaction between the courts and to the shielding of controversial views from being discussed and challenged. In response, also by reference to the concrete practice of the courts, this thesis puts forward an approach to the interaction which avoids this inhibiting effect and therefore allows for a comprehensive, deep and critical discussion on how to solve the specific human rights problems raised by the cases./La présente thèse soutient que l’interaction judiciaire peut bénéficier à des solutions constructives des problèmes concrets de droits de l’homme comme une forme spécifique d’intégration de la protection européenne des droits de l’homme. Cette affirmation est corroborée par des études de cas qui examinent l’interaction de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme avec la House of Lords et la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni d’un côté et avec la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale de l’Allemagne de l’autre. Pourtant, la manière dont les cours procèdent dans leur interaction, notamment au vu de leurs points de vue potentiellement conflictuels, peut détourner l’attention de la solution constructive des problèmes substantiels des droits de l’homme auxquels les cours font face. En conséquence, il se peut que les cours soient susceptibles de préserver le statu quo de leurs positions initiales et d’avoir recours à un simple compromis entre les différents intérêts en cause.
Cette thèse identifie deux facteurs majeurs dans le raisonnement des cours qui entravent la discussion fructueuse des questions substantielles soulevées par les cas :la référence à la « culture » et la concentration sur leur relation institutionnelle avec le balancement des intérêts possiblement conflictuels. Au moyen de l’analyse des cas pratiques sur le fond de la théorie juridique et politique, ce travail fait ressortir comment ces deux facteurs contribuent à l’obstruction d’une interaction constructive entre les cours et à la protection des opinions controversées contre leur discussion et défi. En réponse, également en se fondant sur la pratique concrète des cours, cette thèse avance une approche quant à l’interaction qui évite cet effet inhibant et, par conséquent, permet une discussion complète, profonde et critique de comment résoudre les problèmes spécifiques de droits de l’homme posés par les cas.
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Wilde, Mark Laurence. "Extending the role of tort as a means of environmental protection : an investigation of recent developments of the law of tort and the European Union." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5520.
Full textArnqvist, Angelica. "The Compatibility of EU State Aid for Environmental Protection with the Polluter Pays Principle : In the Context of the EU Emissions Trading System." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-168924.
Full textTjernström, Vanni. "Europa norrifrån : en nordisk komparativ studie av europeisk politisk kommunikation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kultur och medier, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59863.
Full textdigitalisering@umu
Van, Waeyenberge Arnaud. "Les nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209759.
Full textAfin d’identifier les caractéristiques, les contours et les nouvelles formes de normativités de ce modèle alternatif, cette recherche a adopté une approche pragmatique de l’étude droit et étudie empiriquement et systématiquement six politiques publiques européennes :la stratégie européenne pour l’emploi (SEE) et la Méthode Ouverte de Coordination (MOC), le programme européen REACH; la politique européenne de l’eau; la politique comptable européenne; la politique de régulation des services financiers; et la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique et le marché européen du carbone. Ces politiques publiques sont étudiées au moyen d’une approche par les instruments d’action publique qui s’inspire de la démarche et des recherches effectuées par Michel Foucault sur la « gouvernementalité ».
Cette analyse nous aura permis de démontrer que la transformation de la méthode communautaire classique se constate à au moins trois niveaux. Au niveau des acteurs, on assiste à un renforcement de la place des acteurs privés et de la société civile dans les politiques publiques étudiées. La transformation de l’action publique européenne réside également dans l’utilisation abondante de nouveaux instruments d’action publique - plus techniques que politiques et plus incitatifs que contraignants (du type benchmarking) - qui impliquent systématiquement une collaboration entre acteurs publics et privés à différents niveaux du processus décisionnel (coproduction normative). Enfin le mode de sanction est devenu une « contrainte par l’image » reposant sur la figure du « mauvais élève de la classe » véhiculée principalement par des publications de classements basées sur une classification des bonnes pratiques. Corrélativement, cette transformation se constate également dans les phases d’élaboration, d’exécution et de contrôle du droit de l’Union européenne.
Une fois les caractéristiques et les contours de ce modèle alternatif dessinés sur base des politiques publiques étudiées, cette recherche s’est ensuite tournée vers une présentation des discours (politiques et juridiques) et écoles de pensées (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Démocratie délibérative / Expérimentalisme démocratique) permettant de justifier son existence et, par là, de fonder sa légitimité. Enfin, si ce nouveau modèle peut prétendre à une certaine légitimité ou nécessité et s’il n’apparaît pas envisageable de revenir en arrière, sa non-concordance avec le traité est problématique. En effet, ce modèle pose une série de questions relatives au manque de contrôle sur l’activité des institutions de l’Union et à la sauvegarde de l’ordre juridique constitutionnel européen. Plus précisément, l’étude de la question de la protection juridictionnelle effective et du respect du principe de l’équilibre des pouvoirs permet d’identifier un certains nombre d’écueils et de proposer des suggestions d’amélioration pragmatique du modèle décisionnel européen au regard des nouveaux instruments juridiques de la gouvernance européenne.
The starting point of my doctoral research is that the Classic Community Method, as described in the Lisbon Treaty, does not enable one to understand the manner in which law is currently produced in the European Union. I claim that the Community Method is in fact challenged and transformed by new legal instruments that, far from being isolated initiatives, are part of an alternative model of governance.
My research adopts a programmatic approach as to identify the features, contours and new forms of normativity of this alternative model. It studies empirically and systematically six European public policies through “an approach by instruments” inspired in the writings of Michel Foucault on "governmentality”.
This analysis shows that the transformation of the Classic Community method occurs at least at three levels. First, there is a strengthening of the role of private actors and civil society in policy making. Second, the transformation of European public action also lies in the abundant use of new policy instruments - rather technical and political incentives than binding rules (benchmarking) - that involve a systematic collaboration between public and private actors at different levels of decision-making (co-regulation). Third, control and sanctions rely greatly on a “constrained by image” system based primarily on publications of rankings and classifications of good practices.
After I present the features and contours of this alternative model, my research analyzes the political and legal discourses, as well as the schools of thought (Law and Economics / New Public Management / Deliberative Democracy / Democratic Experimentalism), that justify its existence and, therefore, its legitimacy.
Finally, my doctoral work rises the question about the lack of control over these regulatory activities and brings to light the safeguards that should be taken by the European Court of Justice to respect European Union’s Constitutional law
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Larsson, Anders. "Landskapsplanering genom jordbrukspolitik : en kritisk granskning av EU:s agrara miljöstödspolitik ur ett planeringsperspektiv /." Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000497/.
Full textThebaud, Edern. "Les produits-frontière dans la législation alimentaire de l'Union européenne: émergence d'une santé alimentaire entre logique du marché intérieur et exigences de sécurité." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209577.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Mayoussier, Amélie. "La protection européenne des droits fondamentaux en matière environnementale : contribution à l'étude des rapports entre le droit et la science." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCF005.
Full textThe prevention and sanction aspects of the protection against the pollution is manifested in Europe by the combination and complementarity of two matters (environment and fundamental rights) and two legal orders (European Union and Council of Europe). They consist of the protection of the environment that a person can expect to obtain in the context of the protection of these rights. They allow the management of "new risks" and the assimilation of pollution to a violation of a fundamental right under conditions including scientific knowledge. Protection against PSINE raises the question of the place given to scientific demonstration in jurisdictional work and of the presence of tools available to european judges to perform their functions
Van, den Haute Erik. "Harmonisation européenne du crédit hypothécaire: perspectives de droit comparé, de droit international privé et de droit européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210458.
Full textDoctorat en droit
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Tassanakunlapan, Tossapon. "Protection of personal data in cyberspace: the EU-US E-market regime." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463075.
Full textL'objecte d'estudi d'aquesta recerca és el dret a la protecció de les dades personals en el marc del règim jurídic aplicable al mercat electrònic UE-Estats Units. Les seves característiques, així com les dels principals actors que intervenen en aquest mercat, permeten considerar aquest règim jurídic com una base adequada per al possible desenvolupament d'un tractat internacional de vocació universal sobre protecció de dades personals en el ciberespai. Els actors i les relacions incloses en la recerca són els responsables de les obligacions jurídiques en matèria de protecció de dades personals, tant entitats públiques com a privades. Malgrat això, també es tenen en compte les ‘relacions informals de poder’ entre Estat i organitzacions privades, donada l'existència d'acords informals o coordinació entre tots dos per a l'intercanvi i processament de dades. El marc temporal de la recerca és 2001-2016 (després dels atemptats del 9/11 a Estats Units i fins a la més recent reforma del règim UE-EUA culminada en 2016). El punt de partida d’aquesta recerca és el Dret Internacional dels Drets Humans, que conté el marc general per al suport i regulació de la protecció de dades personals en el ciberespai. Ara bé, els caràcters distintius del ciberespai exigeixen una regulació i mecanismes específics ben dissenyats, a nivell universal, per garantir internacionalment els esmentats drets fonamentals relatius a la protecció de dades personals. Conseqüentment, la hipòtesi de recerca es formula de la següent manera: en primer lloc, la protecció eficaç de les dades personals en el ciberespai necessita l'establiment d'un sistema jurídic internacional d'abast universal basat en tractats; en segon lloc, el règim de la UE sobre protecció de dades personals en el ciberespai i els actuals acords UE- Estats Units sobre aquesta qüestió poden utilitzar-se com a model per a l'elaboració d'aquest Tractat Internacional. L'estructura de la tesi es divideix en sis capítols, essent el Capítol 1 el disseny de la recerca i el Capítol 6 les conclusions i recomanacions que es desprenen de la recerca. Així, el Capítol 2 analitza els Instruments Jurídics Universals, les normes de la UE i els acords UE-EUA vigents abans 5 de juny de 2013 (data crítica a causa de les revelacions sobre Vigilància Electrònica en massa, presentades mundialment aquest dia). Dins d'aquest marc jurídic, el Capítol 3 realitza una anàlisi jurisprudencial i analitza una selecció de casos sobre protecció de dades personals suscitades davant els tribunals interns d'Estats Units i davant el Tribunal de Justícia de la Unió Europea, amb l'objectiu d'identificar la interpretació precisa del dret a la protecció de dades personals en el ciberespai que, posteriorment, ha hagut de tenir en compte la reforma normativa a Estats Units i en la UE sobre aquesta matèria. El Capítol 4 analitza i revisa els instruments jurídics promulgats en virtut de la reforma del règim de protecció de dades personals de la UE i els nous acords bilaterals entre la UE i els Estats Units actualment en vigor. Finalment, el Capítol 5 avalua la possibilitat d'elaborar un Tractat Internacional d'abast universal que garanteixi el dret a la protecció de dades personals que ‘circulen’ pel ciberespai. Tenint en compte les iniciatives formulades per organitzacions governamentals internacionals i pels moviments no governamentals especialitzats, el capítol mostra com es poden extreure un conjunt de principis de les reformes de la UE i del règim aplicable a l'espai UE-EUA i com aquests principis poden utilitzar-se per a la creació d'un règim internacional de protecció de dades personals en el ciberespai.
El objeto de estudio de esta investigación es el derecho a la protección de los datos personales en el marco del régimen jurídico aplicable al mercado electrónico UE- Estados Unidos. Sus características, así como las de los principales actores que intervienen en este mercado, permiten considerar este régimen jurídico como una base adecuada para el posible desarrollo de un tratado internacional de vocación universal sobre protección de datos personales en el ciberespacio. Los actores y las relaciones incluidas en la investigación son los responsables de las obligaciones jurídicas en materia de protección de datos personales, tanto entidades públicas como privadas. No obstante, también se tienen en cuenta las ‘relaciones informales de poder’ entre Estado y organizaciones privadas, dada la existencia de acuerdos informales o coordinación entre ambos para el intercambio y procesamiento de datos. El marco temporal de la investigación es 2001-2016 (después de los atentados del 9/11 en Estados Unidos y hasta la más reciente reforma del régimen UE-EEUU culminada en 2016). El punto de partida de la investigación es el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, que contiene el marco general para el apoyo y regulación de la protección de datos personales en el ciberespacio. Sin embargo, los caracteres distintivos del ciberespacio exigen una regulación y mecanismos específicos bien diseñados, a nivel universal, para garantizar internacionalmente tales derechos fundamentales relativos a la protección de datos personales. Consecuentemente, la hipótesis de investigación se formula del siguiente modo: en primer lugar, la protección eficaz de los datos personales en el ciberespacio necesita el establecimiento de un sistema jurídico internacional de alcance universal basado en tratados; en segundo lugar, el régimen de la UE sobre protección de datos personales en el ciberespacio y los actuales acuerdos UE-Estados Unidos sobre esta cuestión pueden utilizarse como modelo para la elaboración de dicho Tratado Internacional. La estructura de la tesis se divide en seis capítulos, siendo el Capítulo 1 el \diseño de la investigación y el Capítulo 6 las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se desprenden de la investigación. Así, el Capítulo 2 analiza los Instrumentos Jurídicos Universales, las normas de la UE y los acuerdos UE-EEUU vigentes antes del 5 de junio de 2013 (fecha crítica debido a las revelaciones sobre Vigilancia Electrónica en Masa presentadas mundialmente ese día). Dentro de ese marco jurídico, el Capítulo 3 realiza un análisis jurisprudencial y analiza una selección de casos sobre protección de datos personales suscitados ante los tribunales internos de Estados Unidos y ante el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, con el objetivo de identificar la interpretación precisa del derecho a la protección de datos personales en el ciberespacio que, posteriormente, ha debido tener en cuenta la reforma normativa en Estados Unidos y en la UE sobre esta materia. El Capítulo 4 analiza y revisa los instrumentos jurídicos promulgados en virtud de la reforma del régimen de protección de datos personales de la UE y los nuevos acuerdos bilaterales entre la UE y los Estados Unidos actualmente en vigor. Por último, el Capítulo 5 evalúa la posibilidad de elaborar un Tratado Internacional de alcance universal que garantice el derecho a la protección de datos personales que ‘circulan’ en el ciberespacio. Teniendo en cuenta las iniciativas formuladas por organizaciones gubernamentales internacionales y por los movimientos no gubernamentales especializados, el capítulo muestra cómo se pueden extraer un conjunto de principios de las reformas de la UE y del régimen aplicable en el espacio UE-EEUU y cómo esos principios pueden utilizarse para la creación de un régimen internacional de protección de datos personales en el ciberespacio.
Wright, Brian Bradley. "A review of lessons learned to inform capacity-building for sustainable nature-based tourism development in the European Union funded ʺSupport to the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative Pilot Programmeʺ." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003628.
Full textGornova, Ana. "Projekto „Visuomenės informavimo apie aplinką šviečiamosiose laidose, spaudoje, filmuose ir internetiniame portale“, kaip efektyvios Lietuvos Respublikos aplinkos ministerijos viešųjų ryšių veiklos modelis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110705_132150-11345.
Full textCurrently, a lot of attention is given to environmental protection worldwide. The environmental problems are not something new or unexpected. They are very relevant in the twenty-first century. It is important that society would be informed of the environmental problems in the most efficient way ensuring balanced development of the country, while maintaining healthy natural environment, preserving the landscape and biodiversity and optimizing the use of nature. The aim of the research is to explore public awareness of environment protection and assess the project activities of public environmental briefing in educative broadcasts, newspapers and a web portal. In this master thesis, we shall consider the support of EU Structural Funds for Lithuania in 2007-2013, which is provided in accordance with the Lithuanian Strategy for the use of European Union Structural Assistance for 2007-2013 and the Cohesion Promotion Action Programme. The support is a great assistance for public briefing about the environmental problems. This Master's thesis consists of two parts, which are designed to examine legal acts regulating the public briefing on environment protection and to establish the model of public relations activities for public briefing of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania. To analyse the available data, evaluate and describe the situation of briefing about the environment and the status of environmental awareness in Lithuania. And also to prepare... [to full text]
Schellekens-Gaiffe, Marie-Ange. "La sécurité environnementale dans les relations extérieures de l’Union européenne : vers une approche intégrée de la prévention des conflits et crises externes." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROD004/document.
Full textThe link between environmental problems and risks to security is progressively gaining ground, even though diverging opinions still prevail as to the exact nature and challenges of this interaction. The increasingly visible impacts of climate change have indirectly strengthened the prominence of this issue on the international agenda. Can the European Union, born itself from a successful approach to conflict prevention and international leader for environmental protection contribute to this aim ? Beyond the immediate urgency of environmental problems, environmental security carries several elements which could turn it into a driving force for the European Union's foreign policy by an improved understanding of the actual roots and multifaceted nature of numerous conflicts. This would allow the EU to support global stability and to strengthen its role on the international scene
Farre-Malaval, Margerie. "Les rapports juridiques entre sécurité maritime et protection du milieu marin : essai sur l'émergence d'une sécurité maritime environnementale en droit international et de l'union européenne." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30070.
Full textBegun with the study of the European Union rules engendered by the wreck of Erika, the present research was refined around the relation between marine safety and marine environment protection while growing rich of the observation of the international rules. From then on, the idea was to study the collision between two elements neither equivalents, nor completely different and to see what this legal "big-bang" had provoke.The first part will envisage the renewal of the function of marine safety around the purpose of marine environment protection. Indeed, by the middle of the XXth century, the appearance of the environmental concerns comes to destabilize the classic distribution of the skills between the flag State and the coastal State. The freedom, founding principle of the order of seas, has been transformed to adapt itself to the realities of the marine environment protection. It becomes then the principle of sustainable use of the sea, the new key of the distribution of sovereignties on the sea. A shape of environmental governance of the maritime safety appears to establish around the International Maritime Organization and the European Union.The second part will allow to bring to light the redefining of the normative space of maritime safety in the prism of the objective of prevention of the pollutions. Originally, the regulations of marine safety aimed at protecting the sailormen against the dangers of the sea. Henceforth, it is today a question of protecting the biosphere, the humanity and its future generations. That is why the classic marine safety, become insufficient, evolves towards a more modern, " environmental " notion
Polard, Audrey. "Un contrôle efficient des émissions d'azote et de phosphore dans le bassin de l'Escaut: analyse critique de la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE) et de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209638.
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Although reducing the load of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems is usually looked at through "effects-based" approaches, this is not the context which this paper has chosen to follow. In fact, keeping in line with sustainable development, it seems more relevant to define measures to control pollution which act on cause and effect relations. According to this way of thinking, the methodology proposed by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) to protect aquatic ecosystems presents a number of weaknesses. By the fact that it refers to certain standard economic principles for the environment, the WFD’s economic analysis poses several problems towards acting on the cause of the pollution. Nevertheless, the methodology proposed by the WFD is relevant, as it recommends the combined use of technical measures and of instruments to reduce environmental damage. In accordance with this disposition, an assessment has been made of the effect of technical measures and instruments on the agricultural sector and on the food chain encompassing it, since the food chain is responsible for the majority of diffuse and point emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters. The definition of technical measures in terms of efficient use of nutrients (Nutrient Use Efficiency, NUE) in agricultural production has been complemented by a study of economic instruments used in the Common Agricultural Politicy (CAP) to develop a multifunctional type of agriculture. Although the paper deals with the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems in a general way, it concentrates particularly on the increasing pressures in the Scheldt basin and on their impacts as far as the North Sea coastal zone. Technical measures acting on the causes of diffuse emissions in the agricultural sector and on point emissions in the water treatment plants have been proposed for this basin. These technical measures have been categorised in order of priority according to their environmental effectiveness (thanks to the Sénèque-Riverstrahler et MIRO models) and depending on their direct costs.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
BUGDAHN, Sonja. "Developing capacity against tradition: the implementation of the EU environmental information directive in Germany, Great Britain and Ireland." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5233.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Adrienne Héritier (Max-Planck Projektgruppe RdG, Bonn - Supervisor ; Prof. Martin Jänicke (Freie Universität Berlin) ; Prof. Michael Keating (EUI) ; Prof. Brigid Laffan (University College Dublin)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
RYALL, Aine. "Effective judicial protection" and the environmental impact assessment directive in Ireland"." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6353.
Full textPELTONEN, Ellinoora. "Private control instruments in the European consumer, occupational health and safety, and environmental policies." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15407.
Full textExamining Board: Fabrizio CAFAGGI (Supervisor, EUI); Christian JOERGES (former EUI/University of Bremen); Colin SCOTT (University College, Dublin); Jyrki TALA (University of Turku and National Research Institute of Legal Policy, Helsinki)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
European Union’s (EU) legislature allows for EU level private interest governments (PIGs): stakeholders, industry, professional and co-operative bodies; and control entrepreneurs (PriCEs) to complement regulatory strategies. However, governance studies have infrequently conducted cross-sector analysis on how they assist in implementing EU policies. This study conducts cross-sector analysis of private compliance instruments (PCIs) utilised as partial implementing strategy to EU’s business regulation across consumer, worker health, safety and environmental policies. It introduces several opportunities to learn from differences. PriCEs appear operational PCIs throughout several legislative and private regulatory frameworks; regulatory sectors; targeting sector- or business-specific compliance; and employing either command-and-control or reflexive/responsive regulatory modes. However, workable 'in-house' PCIs implemented by PIGs necessitate specific market architecture and legislative pressure. Within sectors of health and safety of consumers and workers specific conditions may support in-house PCIs, which control business-specific compliance within command-and-control mode. However, within environmental sector, such in-house PCIs appear unfeasible. The EU legislature has also architected PCIs, which somewhat equate to reflexive/responsive mode, to consumer and environmental policies, whilst it has abstained from introduction of such instruments to worker health and safety due to autonomous social dialogue. Generally, at EU level, the potential for using outfitted reflexive mode PCIs appears greater than employing command-and-control mode in CPIs.
MAST, Patricia. "La réglementation de protection de l'environnement et l'integration européenne : Les emballages et leurs déchets - un exemple." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5601.
Full textBORZSÁK, Levente. "A Green way out? : or the effects of environmental protection on the public enforcement mechanism." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/23695.
Full textExamining Board: Gráinne de Búrca (EUI Supervisor) ; Bruno de Witte (EUI) ; Jane Holder, University College London ; Sybille Grohs, European commission, DG ENV
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis argues that the present provisions on public enforcement are inadequate for the effective promotion of compliance with Community law and seeks to provide solutions in order to improve them. Article 226 and 228 EC are both cumbersome and lengthy, particularly with regard to environmental protection. In order to reach this conclusion, the thesis reviews the subject of the enforcement procedure, the infringement itself. It gives a definition of compliance and offers reasons why and how Member States comply or fail to comply with Community rules. It analyses the Commission's role in applying the public enforcement mechanism, before it reviews the problems occurring in the application of Article 228, as the “ultima ratio ultimae rationis” in infringement procedures. Although the Commission attempted several times to clarify the application of that Article, there are still open questions. Environment is the field of law which produces the most enforcement problems and if we find solutions to them, we may be able to use the experiences in other sectors, too. After introducing the main approaches promoting compliance, it is argued that more attention needs to be paid to enforcement than to the managerial approach. Reviewing the managerial instruments reveals that they are more powerful when complemented by enforcement means. Consequently, the thesis focuses upon the latter methods, by referring to the case law on Article 228, which demonstrates the success of the public enforcement procedure. The enforcement mechanism, however, is not perfect, thus a variety of solutions is proposed to make it more effective. Along the lines of the amendments introduced in the Treaty of Lisbon, some improvements to these articles are proposed together with a so-called urgency measure, which empowers the Commission to stop – at an early stage – an infringement that might otherwise mean irreparable damage to the environment.
KAS, Betül. "'Hybrid' collective remedies in the EU social legal order." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46964.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor) Prof. Marise Cremona, EUI Prof. Laurence Gormley, University of Groningen Prof. Fernanda Nicola, Washington College of Law, American University
The aim of this thesis is to illustrate, on the basis of a socio-legal study presented in three qualitative case studies, the role of hybrid collective remedies in enforcing European socially oriented regulation, in particular environmental law, anti-discrimination law and consumer law, for the creation of a European social legal order, which is able to gradually counter its perceived internal market bias. The hybrid collective remedies at stake in the three case studies – each case study constituted by a preliminary reference to the CJEU – are symptomatic of the three legal-political fields at stake. With the EU taking a leading role in the three fields for the purpose of complementing the creation of an internal market, the EU has decoupled the fields from their national social welfare origin and re-established a policy which is not so much based on ensuring social justice, but more based on procedural mechanisms to ensure access justice. Likewise, the EU left the creation of collective remedies fostering a genuine protective purpose to the Member States. The national and European models of justice underlying the three legal-political fields and their remedies are of a complementary, i.e., of a hybrid nature, and are moving towards the creation of an integrated European social order. The creation of the European social order via national actors using the preliminary reference procedure to implement the three policies at stake goes hand in hand with the creation of a European society.
IGNATOIU-SORA, Emanuela. "La construction d'un régime juridique pour la protection des roms." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15411.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Bruno De Witte, Université de Maastricht (Directeur de thèse IUE); Prof. Ruth Rubio Marin, Institut universitaire européen; Prof. Renate Weber, Parlement européen; Prof. Dia Anagnostou, Université de Macedoine-Thessaloniki/ ELIAMEP
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Source d’inspiration romantique pour des Hugo ou des Bizet, objet de mesures répressives prenant des formes aussi diverses que la « chasse aux tsiganes » ou des politiques « éclairées » poursuivant leur sédentarisation et transformation en « bons fermiers », prétexte de débat académique passionnel s’interrogeant sur les origines d’une langue et l’identité des personnes, les Roms font finalement irruption dans le domaine juridique notamment après l’effondrement du régime communiste. Il s’agit d’une telle multiplication de l’activité juridique que l’on ne trouve plus d’organisme européen, international ou national qui n’ait été conduit à s’intéresser, de quelque manière que ce soit, à la situation des Roms. Cette thèse a comme point de départ cette effervescence juridique et vise à identifier et à décrire la construction d’un régime juridique pour la protection des Roms. Il s’agit d’un véritable processus qui a entraîné une cohorte d’acteurs. Parmi eux, deux se distinguent et c’est précisément sur leurs efforts que cette thèse se concentre : le Conseil de l’Europe et l’Union européenne. Leur contribution pour la protection des Roms est significative : l’interprétation par la CEDH de la Convention européenne pour les droits de l’homme en tant que protégeant la vie en caravane des Roms comme mode de vie traditionnel entrant sous la protection de l’article 8, la dénonciation par la même cour d’une discrimination généralisée subie par les Roms dans le domaine de l’éducation ; il y a aussi la Charte sociale européenne apportant des clarifications importantes notamment quant au droit des Roms à un logement effectif, à la santé et à l’assistance sociale ainsi qu’à la protection contre la pauvreté et l’ exclusion sociale. Mentionnons également le rôle de la Convention-cadre pour la protection des minorités nationales à confirmer le statut de minorité pour les Roms ainsi que l’apport de la Charte des langues régionales ou minoritaires à la préservation de leur identité culturelle. Quant à l’Union européenne, il s’agit d’analyser l’intérêt à la fois exogène et endogène manifesté par les institutions européennes à l’égard des Roms, ainsi que la contribution du droit de l’Union européenne à leur protection, surtout par des instruments comme la Directive à l’égalité raciale. Cette thèse vise aussi à faire passer l’analyse de la contribution de ces divers instruments du plan théorique au plan pratique. Pour faire cela, nous prenons en compte un seul Etat - la Roumanie - afin d’étudier la protection des Roms en relation avec les instruments européens rappelés. La recherche poursuite dans le cadre de cette thèse a conduit à conclure sur l’émergence d’un régime de protection pour les Roms, à caractère hybride, associant des éléments du régime de la protection des minorités (droits linguistiques, protection de l’identité culturelle) à des éléments liés aux droits de l’homme et notamment aux droits économiques et sociaux. Mais plus important encore, cette thèse a mis en évidence plusieurs points d’inquiétude : une véritable polémique engageant des experts et représentants des Roms quant à la question de savoir si les Roms doivent demander des droits uniquement en tant que membres de l’humanité, c’est-à-dire des droits de l’homme, ou s’ils doivent demander des droits également en tant que membres d’un groupe spécifique, c’est-à-dire, des droits des minorités ; l’opportunité et l’utilité d’un tel régime de protection pour les Roms, surtout dans le contexte ou davantage de voix posent ces questions : la réalité des besoins telle qu’elle est répercutée au niveau des organismes qui élaborent des instruments juridiques reflète-t-elle la réalité du terrain ? Ces divers développements juridiques réussissent-ils à améliorer la situation des Roms et à faire respecter leurs droits ?
VIEILLE, Anne-Laure. "Protection du droit communautaire de la concurrence et arbitrage commercial." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5673.
Full textFAIRCLIFFE, Sarah. "Legal protection of biotechnological inventions in the European Union." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5561.
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