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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Weiner, Janet LaFiandra, Jennie DeVeaux, and Paul Brown. "THE U.S. EPA 1994 NATIONAL SURVEY OF OIL STORAGE FACILITIES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-923.

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ABSTRACT In an effort to better characterize the facilities regulated by the agency's oil pollution prevention regulations, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a national survey of oil storage facilities that are potentially subject to 40 CFR Part 112 (the 1994 SPCC Facilities Study).

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Sullivan, Marianne, Leif Fredrickson, and Chris Sellers. "The EPA’s Commitment to Children’s Environmental Health: History and Current Challenges." American Journal of Public Health 112, no. 1 (January 2022): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306537.

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Children’s environmental health (CEH) has a 25-year history at the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), during which the agency has advanced CEH through research, policy, and programs that address children’s special vulnerability to environmental harm. However, the Trump administration took many actions that weakened efforts to improve CEH. The actions included downgrading or ignoring CEH concerns in decision-making, defunding research, sidelining the Children’s Health Protection Advisory Committee, and rescinding regulations that were written in part to protect children. To improve CEH, federal environmental statutes should be reviewed to ensure they are sufficiently protective. The administrator should ensure the EPA’s children’s health agenda encompasses the most important current challenges and that there is accountability for improvement. Guidance documents should be reviewed and updated to be protective of CEH and the federal lead strategy refocused on primary prevention. The Office of Children’s Health Protection’s historically low funding and staffing should be remedied. Finally, the EPA should update CEH data systems, reinvigorate the role of the Children’s Health Protection Advisory Committee, and restore funding for CEH research that is aligned with environmental justice and regulatory decision-making needs. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):124–134. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306537 )

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Hanmer, Rebecca W. "Environmental Protection in the United States Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry: An Overview of Regulation of Wastewater Under the U.S. Clean Water Act." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0002.

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The pulp, paper, and paperboard industry in the United States is the larqest industrial user of water with half of the facilities discharging wastewater directly to our Nation's waters. The major pollutants of concern have historically been the conventional pollutants: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), and pH. Biological treatment systems are currently employed to reduce these pollutants. Sludges generated by these treatment systems have been categorized as nonhazardous and are generally landfilled. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated all the reguired regulations for this industry. The national regulations are applied to individual pulp and paper mills through permits issued by EPA Regional or State staff. Permit limits can be written that are more restrictive than the national regulations to protect local water guality. In its current projects concerning the pulp and paper industry, EPA is focusing on the reduction of toxic pollutants. The Agency is conducting a joint EPA/industry program to study dioxin discharges at bleached kraft mills. The Agency will also undertake a comprehensive review of the pulp and paper regulations in 1988.

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Revesz, Richard L. "How will EPA regulate the power sector?" Science 377, no. 6605 (July 29, 2022): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade0779.

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As threats from climate change become more urgent, the US Supreme Court has responded by erecting a new roadblock to effective climate policy. Last month, it struck down the Clean Power Plan, the Obama administration’s never-implemented regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from existing power plants. The ruling [ West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)] is a blow to climate action and could signal the court’s hostility to a wide range of future regulations within and beyond the climate and environmental sphere, including those related to consumer protection and worker safety. Although the immediate effects on US climate policy aren’t pervasive, EPA now needs to evaluate the emissions-reduction potential and legal risks of alternative regulatory approaches for the power sector.

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de Saillan, Charles. "United States Court Upholds Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. Environmental Protection Agency." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 22, Issue 3 (June 1, 2013): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2013009.

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Last year, the US Court of Appeals (D.C. Circuit) upheld a series of findings, interpretations, and regulations that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had issued as its first steps to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. First, EPA had made a finding that emissions of greenhouse gases from motor vehicles cause or contribute to an endangerment to the public health or welfare. Second, to address this endangerment, EPA together with the Department of Transportation, promulgated greenhouse gas emission and fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks for model years 2012 through 2016. EPA estimates that these standards will reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 960 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent over the life of these model years. Third, EPA formally reaffirmed its interpretation that the motor vehicle emission standards - by regulating greenhouse gases under the Act - would trigger permitting requirements for greenhouse gas emissions from stationary facilities. These permitting requirements include the installation of best available control technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from new or modified facilities. Fourth, EPA issued regulations phasing in these permitting requirements over several years. Rejecting a multitude of challenges, the court upheld all these actions, thus paving the way for EPA to significantly regulate and limit greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles and stationary facilities. On 26 June 2012, the prominent US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit handed the Barak Obama Administration a decisive, quadruple victory in its efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions through regulations. The court upheld the finding of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that greenhouse gas emissions are reasonably anticipated to endanger public health and welfare. The court also upheld EPA regulations and interpretations that will require reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles and large stationary sources. The court reaffirmed its decision, denying a petition for rehearing, on 20 December 2012. The decision paves the way for significant mandatory reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in the US.

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Mackay, M. B. "Environmental rights and the US system of protection: Why the US Environmental Protection Agency is not a rights-based administrative agency." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 11 (November 1994): 1761–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x9402601105.

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The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been the subject of much controversy during the twenty or so years since its establishment—much more controversy than other agencies created at around the same time. Descriptions of the EPA's failures often focus upon the inherent faults in its structure and on the statutes it was asked to administer. One point almost completely ignored is the fact that, unlike other agencies of the ‘rights revolution’, the EPA has been asked to protect an entity not yet truly recognized as a right. Although the EPA was a product of the ‘rights revolution’, it was not a rights-based agency, and was probably never intended to be so. This helps to explain why it has failed to meet its statutory mandates-all three branches of government have been able to minimize the effects of environmental regulation without ever having to consider fully the environmental rights of the citizenry. The National Environmental Policy Act provided the citizenry with the assurance that environmental interests would be considered within the governmental and bureaucratic decisionmaking process, but this was no guarantee of rights. In this paper it is suggested that without any recognition of true environmental rights it will always be possible for pro-development interests to reduce the obligations and effects of environmental protection legislation upon industry.

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Vesilind, P. A. "Sludge disposal: ethics and expediency." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 9 (November 1, 2000): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0155.

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The United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) attempted to set health-based regulations for sludge disposal and used worst-case scenarios to estimate the detrimental health effect. In the absence of adequate information, this exercise led them to err so much on the conservative side that the regulations became unrealistic and would not have been accepted by the public. So the US EPA decided to do what was expedient – to establish regulations that allow most wastewater treatment plants to dispose of their sludges, knowing that these regulations are better than none at all. Such regulatory decision-making has ethical ramifications because it involves distributing costs and benefits between affected citizens. The principle of expediency as articulated by Earle Phelps calls for a regulator to optimize the benefits of health protection while minimizing costs within the constraints of technical feasibility. Phelps' expediency principle, proposed over fifty years ago, is still a useful application of ethics using scientific knowledge to set dynamic and yet enforceable environmental regulations. In the case of sludge disposal, the US EPA made an ethical decision based on the principle of expediency, weighing the moral good of human health protection versus the moral harm of taking wealth by requiring costly wastewater sludge treatment and disposal.

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APPIAH, DIVINE ODAME, and BALIKISU OSMAN. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: INSIGHTS FROM MINING COMMUNITIES IN GHANA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 16, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333214500318.

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The object of this paper is to ascertain the level of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) compliance of mining companies in selected mining communities in Ghana. Over the past three decades, Ghana has demonstrated considerable commitment to the conservation and management of bio-physical and socio-cultural environment. Laws and regulations have been enacted to monitor and ensure compliance for sound environmental management by mining companies. Contextually, this paper examines how communities affected by large-scale mining perceive EIA compliance and their expected role in the design and implementation of the process. The paper opines that despite the excellent environmental regulations in place, the level of enforcement and compliance has not been satisfactory. This is partly due to the neglect of priority issues affecting local communities during the processes of EIA. A higher commitment to the involvement of all stakeholders, particularly the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in environmental decision making in mining communities is highly recommended.

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Keener, S. K., and B. K. Hoover. "Good Laboratory Practices: A Comparison of the Regulations." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 4, no. 6 (November 1985): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818509078697.

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Recently, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Regulations under the Toxic Substances Control Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (and under some sections of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). Quality assurance professionals, toxicologists, and laboratory managers are now confronted with complying with two new sets of regulations in addition to those promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979. Immediately questions arose concerning the similarities and differences in the FDA and EPA requirements. Therefore, an analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences. The findings indicated that 19 sections were similar to the FDA requirements, 5 sections had minor differences, and 4 had major differences. In addition, new sections were added to the EPA regulations addressing compliance statements and the consequences of noncompliance for sponsors and laboratory personnel. The Toxic Substances GLP also incorporated a new subpart covering environmental testing.

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Wagner, Wendy, and David Michaels. "Equal Treatment for Regulatory Science: Extending the Controls Governing the Quality of Public Research to Private Research." American Journal of Law & Medicine 30, no. 2-3 (June 2004): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880403000202.

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The imperative that agencies use sound science in developing their regulations has become a major preoccupation of the political branches. In only a few years, Congress passed two appropriations riders that provide extensive new mechanisms for the public to critique the science used by agencies. The executive branch quickly followed suit, promulgating regulations to implement these two laws, as well as proceeding on its own sound science missions. In the space of less than one year, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) circulated for public comment draft peer review requirements for the scientific review of agency science, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched a full scale program to improve the quality of the models it uses in regulation, as well as Assessment Criteria to be used by agency officials in reviewing the quality of third-party (primarily state) science.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Jordan, Page C. "United States Environmental Protection Agency Technical Member of The Engineering Technical Support Center." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1544382977066234.

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Hricik, Laurel Brooke. "AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY PACIFIC SOUTHWEST REGION WASTE MANAGEMENT DIVISION." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1200069965.

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Kramer, Elizabeth S. "AN INTERNSHIP AS A GRADUATE ASSISTANT AT THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1291815338.

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Longsmith, Rebecca Johnson. "A BIOLOGICAL MONITORING INTERNSHIP WITH THE OHIO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, DIVISION OF SURFACE WATER." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1451932666.

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Henrique, Neto Sylvio 1988. "A defesa do etanol : as estratégias da União da Indústria de Cana-de-Açúcar (UNICA) frente a US Environmental Protection Agengy (EPA), de 2002 a 2010." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279246.

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Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Corrêa de Moraes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T15:40:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueNeto_Sylvio_M.pdf: 3411655 bytes, checksum: 74bced731cd67794b304df51ee67a1db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Esta pesquisa buscará compreender como a UNICA (União da Indústria de Cana-de-açúcar do Estado de São Paulo) organiza-se para atuar na defesa dos interesses dos seus associados do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro, principalmente no tocante à construção de arranjos cooperativos internacionais facilitadores da liberalização do comércio de etanol, visando transformá-lo em uma commodity energética global. Para tanto, mapearemos suas estratégias de duplo-lobby, as quais consistem na manipulação dos mecanismos formais e informais de formulação e execução da política externa comercial agrícola no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos
Abstract: This research will seek to understand how the UNICA (Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association) organizes itself in order to act protecting their members' interests from the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry sector, specially referring to the construction of international cooperative arrangements which eases up the ethanol trade liberalization, aiming to transform it into a global energetic commodity. This way, we will trace theirs double lobby strategies, which consists on formal and informal manipulating mechanisms as well as the Brazilian and North American International Trade Policy performance
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais

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Pirring, Andrew Thomas. "AN INTERNSHIP IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN THE OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE OFFICE." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344180835.

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7

Guard, Misty Ann. "Business innovation and regulatory enforcement: case studies of the big box retail industry and enforcement of RCRA." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33940.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the following research question: how has enforcement of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) adapted to the Big Box business system innovation? Additionally, the study explored the possible nature of regulatory choke points that may emerge from the enforcement of RCRA in the Big Box retail system. This study used contingency theory to establish a foundation for analysis of the Big Box business system innovation through identification of structural elements, external influences, and their subsequent interactions associated with the Big Box retail system in terms of environmental compliance with the RCRA enforced by the United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This research employed an embedded comparative case study design using the comparison of two Big Box firms, Walmart Stores, Inc. and Target Corporation, nationally and for the following states with opposing enforcement strategies: Arizona, Kentucky, Missouri, and Texas. The data used was obtained from third-party federal or firm-maintained sources. Findings indicate Walmart adheres to the structural models developed using contingency theory principles and incurs more impacts from regulatory agencies due to the enforcement of RCRA. Furthermore, it was observed that inspections of the firms are not distributed throughout the organizational structural elements by all states. Additionally, the use of different enforcement strategies resulted in the emergence of regulatory choke points by Arizona, Kentucky, and Texas; however, Missouri appears to balance enforcement without causing a regulatory choke point. This research has identified that the enforcement of RCRA has not universally adapted to the demands of the Big Box business system innovation. Agency implications, firm implications, directions for further research, and continued development of a regulatory choke point theory are discussed.

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Jarrell, Melissa L. "All the news that's fit to print? media reporting of environmental protection agency penalties assessed against the petroleum refining industry, 1997-2003." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2935.

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Although examination of the relationship between the media and crime has received considerable attention in the academic literature, only a few studies have examined news media coverage of environmental crimes. The present study examines print news media coverage of federal penalties assessed against the petroleum refining industry from 1997 to 2003. The Environmental Protection Agency initiated and/or settled 162 cases involving seventy-eight petroleum refining companies from 1997 to 2003. While a news search of the nations twenty-five largest newspapers produced seventy-four articles related to petroleum refining industry violations, only seventeen articles matched the EPA cases analyzed in the present study. The present study found that while there is a considerable amount of federal petroleum refining industry violations, only a few cases receive media attention.

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Pringle, Keara Louise. "An Internship with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water: Understanding the Vegetation and Soil Conditions in Natural Riparian Forests." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami149333522985015.

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Gah, Dadehys Noellie Prisca. "How ECOWAS negotiating team can strenghen the legal provisions of Cote D'Ivoire EPA as to benefit the whole region : a legal analysis of the Cote D'Ivoire interim EPA." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28472.

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The paper examines through a legal analysis of some articles of the Cote d’Ivoire Stepping Stone Agreement, how ECOWAS can strengthened its approach in negotiating a comprehensive EPA for the region. These articles are scrutinized with a special focus on market access as to point out fields that need to be re-thinked with regard objectives set out in the agreement. It is argue that current bilateral and multilateral Trade and Investment Agreements are shrinking in their legal framework the policy space need for development in countries that need it the most. This study, underlines the fact that the legal provisions contain in the Cote d’Ivoire IEPA do reduce actually its ability to set up policies tool aim at achieving development goals. It is the sustainability of the IEPA legal provisions that is questioned under this topic with regard to sensitive issues such as the safeguard measures, the stand still clause, the MFN clause, the Rules of Origin etc….. In so doing, the analysis reveals as well the ambiguity of the IEPA relationship with the Cotonou Agreement and the multilateral trade rules of the WTO. This ambiguity is highlighted in an attempt to drawn the attention of the region on the fact that; if there is indeed a need to update the Economic Partnership Agreement currently negotiating with the EC, this cannot be done without first of all updating the negotiating approach of the region. In fact, its weak bargaining approach coupled with that overwhelming of the EC has resulted in the agreement currently on the table. Substantial changes can be made with this regard by acknowledging the insufficiencies in the legal framework of the IEPA but also in learning lesson from mistakes the region itself and Cote d’Ivoire have done in negotiating EPAs and its Interim version. Thus, since EPAs often triggered the debate on liberalization and what it may carry in terms of consequences on developing countries’ economies, examples of countries that took a different step toward liberalization and whose current situation may be use as a testimony by ECOWAS are quoted. Finally, propositions are made to ECOWAS region as to enlarge current development space while battling for more flexibility under the EPA.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted

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Books on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. PCB's: EPA must strengthen regulations, improve enforcement, and prevent criminal activity : first report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Operations, United States Congress House Committee on Government. PCB's: EPA must strengthen regulations, improve enforcement, and prevent criminal activity : first report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. PCB's: EPA must strengthen regulations, improve enforcement, and prevent criminal activity : first report. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Marino, Cianni, and Nico Costa. EPA regulation of greenhouse gases: Considerations and options. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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Pinkerton, John E. Review of EPA regulations and guidance related to VOC emissions. Research Triangle Park, N.C: NCASI, 2002.

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Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency Information Access. Access EPA: Clearinghouses and hotlines. Washington, DC (401 M St., SW, Washington 20460): Information Access Branch, Information Management and Services Division, 1991.

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United States. General Accounting Office. RCED. Clean Water Act: Proposed revisions to EPA regulations to clean up polluted waters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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Peach, J. Dexter. Export of unregistered pesticides is not adequately monitored by EPA: Statement of J. Dexter Peach, Assistant Comptroller General, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Environmental, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1989.

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The automotive workplace guide to EPA and OSHA: Regulations, sample programs, forms. Bedford, Tex: Summers Press, 1994.

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United States. Government Accountability Office. Hazardous waste: EPA needs to clarify the types of mercury waste that can be treated and disposed of using the debris regulations : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Environmental Protection Agency n (EPA)." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 270. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4442.

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Fenner-Crisp, P. A. "Regulations on Chemical Carcinogens of the Environmental Protection Agency." In Risk Assessment in Chemical Carcinogenesis, 149–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84529-1_15.

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Barry, Dana M., and Hideyuki Kanematsu. "Regulations by the Environmental Protection Agency in the US." In Corrosion Control and Surface Finishing, 97–106. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55957-3_10.

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Walker, John M. "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations for Compost Production and Use." In The Science of Composting, 357–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_34.

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Liem, Francisca, and Mark J. Lehr. "Good Laboratory Practice Regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency." In ACS Symposium Series, 71–77. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0724.ch009.

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Bartlett, Christopher. "Ocular Toxicity Regulatory Considerations for Nondrug Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Products and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)." In Assessing Ocular Toxicology in Laboratory Animals, 295–305. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-164-6_8.

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Walker, John M., Robert M. Southworth, and Alan B. Rubin. "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulations and Other Stakeholder Activities Affecting the Agricultural Use of By-Products and Wastes." In ACS Symposium Series, 28–47. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0668.ch003.

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Wąsowski, Krzysztof. "The Obligations of Public Entities." In Cybersecurity in Poland, 331–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_20.

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AbstractThe author presents the structure and principles which the Polish legislature imposes on public entities in the field of cybersecurity. The analysed regulations cover government authorities, state control authorities, law enforcement authorities, courts (both common and special), local government units and their associations (including metropolitan unions), budgetary units and Budget establishments, executive agencies, budgetary institutions, the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and managed funds, the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the funds managed by its President, the National Health Found, public universities, and the Polish Academy of Sciences. In addition to these public finance entities, special cybersecurity obligations have been imposed on research institutes, the National Bank of Poland, Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), Office of Technical Inspection (UDT), the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PENSA), Polish Centre for Accreditation (PCA), the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM) and the provincial funds, as well as municipal companies. Despite differences in the form of activity (including possession or absence of legal personality), it is commonly agreed that the analysed regulations treat public entities as public administration authorities, at least in the functional sense, as evidenced by the indication that the obligations of public entities should be carried out within the framework of public tasks.

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Halvorson, Charles. "The Doer." In Valuing Clean Air, 40–69. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538845.003.0003.

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The creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 to administer the Clean Air Act of 1970 and a bevy of other ambitious new environmental interventions marked a high point in Americans’ belief in the capacity of the federal government to intervene in the economy to improve the public welfare. While Richard Nixon intended the EPA to simply implement policies that would be formulated elsewhere, the complexity of developing and enforcing functional policies that could achieve the Clean Air Act’s mandates made the agency’s regulations increasingly key to determining what pollution control looked like in the lives of ordinary Americans and the operations of American businesses. This recognition of the power in implementation sent environmental advocates, business representatives, and White House advisors scrambling to find ways of influencing the decision making of the new agency at the heart of the nation’s environmental governance regime.

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"Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulation." In Encyclopedia of Supply Chain Management, 423–24. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-escm-120048033.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Peake, R. Thomas, Daniel Schultheisz, Loren W. Setlow, Brian Littleton, Reid Rosnick, and Ken Czyscinski. "An Overview of US EPA’s Current Radioactive Waste Management and General Radiation Protection Efforts." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16104.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Radiation Protection Division is the portion of EPA (or the Agency) that develops environmental standards for radioactive waste disposal in the United States. One current issue of concern is the disposal of low activity radioactive waste (LAW), including wastes that would be produced by a radiological dispersal device (RDD), for which current disposal options may be either inconsistent with the hazard presented by the material or logistically problematic. Another major issue is related to the resurgence in uranium mining. Over the past several years, demand for uranium for nuclear power plant fuel has increased as has the price. The increase in price has made uranium mining potentially profitable in the US. EPA is reviewing its relevant regulations, developed primarily in the 1980s, for potential revisions. For example, in-situ leaching (also known as in-situ recovery) is now the technology of choice where applicable, yet our current environmental standards are focused on conventional uranium milling. EPA has two actions in process, one related to the Clean Air Act, the other related to revising the environmental standards that implement the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978 (UMTRCA). Separately, but related, EPA has developed over the last several years uranium mining documents that address technologically enhanced natural occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) from abandoned uranium mines, and wastes generated by active uranium extraction facilities. Lastly, in 1977 EPA developed environmental standards that address nuclear energy, fuel fabrication, reprocessing, and other aspects of the uranium fuel cycle. In light of the increased interest in nuclear power and the potential implementation of advanced fuel cycle technologies, the Agency is now reviewing the standards to determine their continued applicability for the twenty-first century.

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Glenn, W. Doug, Jose M. Casabianca, Shawn M. Gallagher, and Eric Dillen. "Testing Altitude Effects on Locomotive Emissions." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0804.

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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulated that locomotives must comply with emissions regulations from sea level up to 2133 meters (7000 feet) altitude. GE Rail has assembled a mobile emissions test laboratory that can be taken by rail to desired testing locations of varying altitude anywhere in North America. This paper gives an overview of the mobile test laboratory’s make up and locomotive preparation for test. Testing was conducted as part of GE Rail’s development of 21st Century Locomotive. The paper presents test results of altitude effects on GE’s Evolution Series Locomotive including regulated emissions and engine performance. The Evolution Series Locomotive meets EPA Tier 2 locomotive emissions regulations applicable to new locomotives manufactured after January 1, 2005.

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Doerr, William W., and Kumar Bhimavarapu. "Overview of U.S. Process Safety Regulations and ANSI/ISA S84.01 for an Integrated Risk Program." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1153.

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Abstract In response to major chemical and nuclear accidents that have occurred during the past two decades, the U.S. government has promulgated two regulations aimed at protecting workers, the community, and the environment from accidental releases of hazardous chemicals. These regulations are the US Occupational Safety & Health Administration’s [OSHA] Process Safety Management [PSM] Standard and the US Environmental Protection Agency’s [EPA] Risk Management Program [RMP]. The applicability for each regulation is discussed with a review of what is affected, who is responsible, when is compliance required, and how is compliance manifested. In addition, the recent ANSI/ISA S84.01 standard for the process industries introduces additional or new responsibilities that are not featured explicitly in either the OSHA or EPA regulations. The pooling of the requirements from these US regulations and voluntary ANSI/ISA standard establishes the requirements for an integrated risk program [IRP]. The objective of an integrated risk program is compliance, reduction in resource requirements, and improvement of productivity at a plant. The general requirements for an IRP are summarized showing the area of regulatory overlap.

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Solt, J. C. "Coping With Gas Turbine Emissions Regulations." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-239.

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The subject of emissions regulations is complex. Worldwide there are over 20 countries that regulate permissible emissions, each with its own regulations. Certain groups, such as the European Economic Community (EEC) have regulations for all of their members. In the United States, federal regulations (Fig. 1) fall under the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), while there are separate regulations for each of the 50 states. Fortunately, most of the state regulations are simply adapted from and are quite similar to federal regulations. However, several states have significantly more stringent standards than the federal regulations. The State of California, for example, not only has separate regulations, but each of the 45 pollution control districts within the state has its own regulations, most of which differ substantially from each other. The following is a discussion of the U.S. federal regulations as they apply to areas that presently meet the ambient air quality standards. These are called attainment areas. Areas that do not meet the ambient air quality standards are called nonattainment areas. For a gas turbine application in a nonattainment area, such as Denver, or in the State of California, it is imperative to check local regulations, which result from the federal regulations for nonattainment areas.

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Matthews, Mark L., and Leif G. Eriksson. "Post-Closure Removal of Long-Lived Radioactive Waste From a Deep Geological Repository in Bedded Salt." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1294.

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Abstract In recent years, retrievability (and various permutations of this term) has emerged around the world as a means to achieve and enhance public acceptance of deep geological disposal of long-lived radioactive wastes/materials (LLRMs). In this debate, it is often erroneously suggested that post-closure retrievability of the emplaced LLRMs cannot be accomplished in salt. In October 1996, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) submitted the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Compliance Certification Application (CCA) to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for review and approval. The CCA included a feasibility analysis defining a five-phased approach to post-closure waste removal from the WIPP rock salt repository based on currently available equipment and technologies. The feasibility analysis addressed highly adverse workers’ safety and waste retrieval conditions, including: 1. Radioactivity. 2. Hazardous constituents. 3. Gas. 4. Brine. 5. Rock integrity (instability). The concluding statement in the CCA was that “In no case, however, are the conditions expected to render removal impossible”. In May 1998, the EPA announced that WIPP complied with all applicable radioactive waste management and disposal regulations. This announcement was preceded by intense EPA and public scrutiny and oversight, which included successfully overcoming two legal challenges. Hence, the global application of the WIPP waste-removal feasibility analysis is: LLRM emplaced in a rock salt repository can be removed during the post-closure period with currently available technologies!

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Chen, Junhua, Mark G. Mitchell, and John G. Nourse. "Development of Ultra-Low Emission Liquid Fuel-Fired Microturbine Engines for Vehicular Heavy Duty Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60257.

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Worldwide regulations currently set very stringent emissions standards for new on-road heavy-duty diesel engines (HDDE’s). For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) require 2010 and subsequent HDDE and vehicles to emit less than 0.2 g/bhp-hr (0.27 g/kW-hr) NOx and 5.0 g/bhp-hr (6.7 g/kW-hr) CO in addition to other strictly regulated pollutants. Diesel or biodiesel fired Microturbine engines are in use in hybrid electric vehicular (HEV) urban bus applications because of their extremely low emissions. In Capstone’s model years 2001 through 2003, liquid fueled gas turbines were certified by CARB for on-road heavy duty engine use, including urban bus applications. The engines achieved a low emission level of 0.7 g/hp-hr (0.94 g/kW-hr) NOx, 0.2 g/hp-hr (0.27 g/kW-hr) CO and 0.01 g/hp-hr (0.013 g/kW-hr) PM, which met emissions compliance levels for EPA and CARB regulations until 2010. To meet the upcoming 2010 EPA and CARB HDDE regulations, continuous research and development efforts have been taken at Capstone Turbine Corporation for its C30 family engines to further reduce the criteria pollutant emissions. Pollutant emissions were measured and analyzed for a Capstone C30 engine using ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and five other opportunity fuels to obtain their actual cycle emissions for a typical New York City M60 route. By injector modification alone, the C30 engine was able to achieve 62% reduction in NOx emission. Additionally, an adjustment of turbine exit temperature was able to further reduce NOx. It was predicted that the liquid-fueled C30 engines would be able to demonstrate the compliance to the 2010 EPA/CARB new ultra-low emission standards.

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Damianidou, Yvonni-Effrosyni. "North American ECA Regulations and LNG Fuels - A Viable Solution?" In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2012-s3.

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The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the recent North American Emission Control Area Regulations imposed by the International Marine Organization amendment to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL, Annex VI) in 2010, focusing on how organizations, like the United States Environmental Protection Agency have contributed to their implementation. Furthermore it examines the prospect of liquefied natural gas, potentially becoming “a fuel of the future for the shipping industry” and attempts to answer whether LNG fuels offer a viable alternative solution for the shipping industry, illustrating the pros and cons, while focusing on issues of bunker supply and demand and future global implications.

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Glenn, W. Doug. "Alternative Correction Factor for the Effects of Inlet Air Humidity on NOx From an Emissions Regulated Four-Stroke Medium Speed Diesel Engine and Comparison With Other Known Factors." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1108.

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With increasingly stringent emissions regulations for NOx and the known tradeoff of fuel consumption with NOx, ensuring the use of appropriate correction factors becomes increasingly significant to the OEM and customer. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has specified in 40CFR Part92 that locomotive engines shall use a NOx correction factor, KNOx = f(KH), where KH is the humidity correction factor. This paper will present an alternative NOx humidity correction factor for GE Rail 4-stroke medium speed diesel engines. GE Rail’s NOx humidity correction factor will be compared with five other correction factors in a numerical exercise to assess the sensitivity to variations in ambient temperature, ambient pressure, relative humidity and A:F ratio. GE Rail’s alternative correction factor provides a 25% reduction in Line Haul Duty Cycle BSNOx variation and a mean BSNOx reduction of 3% as compared with KNOx correction factor from Part92.

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Ira, Martha Mead. "Process Safety Management and Risk Management Program (PSM/RMP) Audits: Are You Prepared?" In ASME 2003 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2003-4903.

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In June 1996, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated 40 CFR Part 68, Accidental Release Prevention Requirements: Risk Management Programs (RMP) Under Clean Air Act, Section 112 r (7), commonly called the RMP rule. Much of the RMP rule was already required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910.119 Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals (the PSM Standard), which had been issued four years earlier. Because both of these regulations include anhydrous ammonia at a threshold level of 10,000 lbs., many refrigerated warehousing and manufacturing facilities are subject to them. Since the two regulations have the same threshold quantity for ammonia, facilities that are subject to RMP are also subject to PSM. While the focus of the two regulations differs, there are many common requirements, as shown in Table 1, Comparison of Process Safety Management and Risk Management Program Requirements. Both rules require the development of extensive accident prevention programs, which include Process Hazard Analyses, operation and maintenance procedures, training, and emergency response plans. The RMP rule also requires Offsite Consequence Analyses and a Plan summary submittal to the EPA before a process starts up and at five-year intervals thereafter. The Program 3 Prevention Program required to satisfy RMP, is almost identical to a PSM program. Most subject facilities, therefore, use their PSM Program to serve as their RMP Prevention Program. In Florida, the Department of Community Affairs (DCA) took delegation of the RMP rule from the EPA and is the enforcing agency in this state. Since the summer of 2000, the DCA has been auditing RMP facilities for compliance with the rule, and their list of audit subjects has included several citrus manufacturing facilities. The DCA staff has been performing very thorough audits, looking closely at all of the RMP Prevention Program, or PSM Program, elements and evaluating their implementation status at each site. The DCA typically cites RMP Prevention Program deficiencies in the following areas: Mechanical Integrity, Standard Operating Procedures, Process Hazard Analysis, training records, incident investigation reporting, compliance audits, and emergency response planning. Although Florida does not have a State-OSHA program, the DCA is, effectively, serving in this function as they audit the PSM programs of refrigerated facilities throughout the state. Facility owners should therefore ensure that their PSM/RMP Prevention Programs are well developed and well implemented prior to a DCA audit. Paper published with permission.

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Laberteaux, Kenneth P., Regina R. Clewlow, and Karim Hamza. "A Study of Automotive Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Reduction Opportunities Through Adoption of Electric Drive Vehicles." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34745.

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This paper explores opportunities for reductions in lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through adoption of electric drive vehicles (EDV), including hybrid, plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles. EDVs have generally lower GHG emission rates during operation than similar-class conventional vehicles (CV). However, a key observation is that GHG reductions per mile are much larger during city driving conditions than on the highway. An examination of the estimated GHG emissions is conducted for city and highway driving conditions for several CV and EDV models based on testing results from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), then compared with key findings from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS 2009). Through an empirical analysis of actual driving patterns in the U.S., this study highlights potential missed opportunities to reduce transportation GHG emissions through the allocation of incentives and/or regulations. Key findings include the significant potential to reduce GHG emissions of taxis and delivery vehicles, as well as driving pattern-based incentives for individual vehicle owners.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations"

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Pflum, C. G., S. R. Mattson, and A. C. Matthusen. A review of the methods used by the US Environmental Protection Agency to assess the financial impacts of the repository regulations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/70824.

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Marietta, M. G., S. G. Bertram-Howery, D. R. Anderson, R. P. Rechard, K. F. Brinster, R. V. Guzowski, and H. Iuzzolino. Performance assessment methodology demonstration: Methodology development for evaluating compliance with EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 40 CFR 191, Subpart B, for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5083309.

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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.

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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.

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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley, and Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.

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Crouch, Rebecca, Jared Smith, Bobbi Stromer, Christian Hubley, Samuel Beal, Guilherme Lotufo, Afrachanna Butler, et al. Methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil/sediment, and tissue matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41720.

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Currently, no standard method exists for analyzing insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices, with or without concurrent legacy munition compounds, resulting in potentially inaccurate determinations. The primary objective of this work was to develop new methods of extraction, pre-concentration, and analytical separation/quantitation of 17 legacy munition compounds along with several additional IM compounds, IM breakdown products, and other munition compounds that are not currently included in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. Analytical methods were developed to enable sensitive, simultaneous detection and quantitation of the 24 IM and legacy compounds, including two orthogonal high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column separations with either ultraviolet (UV) or mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Procedures were developed for simultaneous extraction of all 24 analytes and two surrogates (1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-DNB; o-NBA) from high- and low-level aqueous matrices and solid matrices, using acidification, solid phase extraction (SPE), or solvent extraction (SE), respectively. The majority of compounds were recovered from four tissue types within current limits for solids, with generally low recovery only for Tetryl (from 4 to 62%). A preparatory chromatographic interference removal procedure was adapted for tissue extracts, as various analytical interferences were observed for all studied tissue types.

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Stromer, Bobbi, Rebecca Crouch, Katrinka Wayne, Ashley Kimble, Jared Smith, and Anthony Bednar. Methods for simultaneous determination of 29 legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil-sediment, and tissue matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142105.

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Standard methods are in place for analysis of 17 legacy munitions compounds and one surrogate in water and soil matrices; however, several insensitive munition (IM) and degradation products are not part of these analytical procedures. This lack could lead to inaccurate determinations of munitions in environmental samples by either not measuring for IM compounds or using methods not designed for IM and other legacy compounds. This work seeks to continue expanding the list of target analytes currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. This technical report presents three methods capable of detecting 29 legacy, IM, and degradation products in a single High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with either ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorbance detection or mass spectrometric detection. Procedures were developed from previously published works and include the addition of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX); hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX); hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX); 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT); and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT). One primary analytical method and two secondary (confirmation) methods were developed capable of detecting 29 analytes and two surrogates. Methods for high water concentrations (direct injection), low-level water concentrations (solid phase extraction), soil (solvent extraction), and tissue (solvent extraction) were tested for analyte recovery of the new compounds.

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Akinleye, Taiwo, Idil Deniz Akin, Amanda Hohner, Indranil Chowdhury, Richards Watts, Xianming Shi, Brendan Dutmer, James Mueller, and Will Moody. Evaluation of Electrochemical Treatment for Removal of Arsenic and Manganese from Field Soil. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-019.

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Soils containing inorganic compounds are frequently encountered by transportation agencies during construction within the right-of-way, and they pose a threat to human health and the environment. As a result, construction activities may experience project delays and increased costs associated with management of inorganic compounds containing soils required to meet environmental regulations. Recalcitrance of metal-contaminated soils toward conventional treatment technologies is exacerbated in clay or organic content-rich fine-grained soils with low permeability and high sorption capacity because of increased treatment complexity, cost, and duration. The objective of this study was to develop an accelerated in situ electrochemical treatment approach to extract inorganic compounds from fine-grained soils, with the treatment time comparable to excavation and off-site disposal. Three reactor experiments were conducted on samples collected from two borehole locations from a field site in Illinois that contained arsenic (As)(~7.4 mg/kg) and manganese (Mn)(~700 mg/kg). A combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and/or citrate buffer solution was used to treat the soils. A low-intensity electrical field was applied to soil samples using a bench-scale reactor that resembles field-scale in situ electrochemical systems. For the treatment using 10% H2O2 and citrate buffer solution, average removal of 23% and 8% were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. With 4% H2O2 and citrate buffer, 39% and 24% removal were achieved for Mn and As; while using only citrate buffer as the electrolyte, 49% and 9% removal were achieved for Mn and As, respectively. All chemical regimes adopted in this study reduced the inorganic compound concentrations to below the maximum allowable concentration for Illinois as specified by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The results from this work indicate that electrochemical systems that leverage low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and citrate buffer can be effective for remediating soils containing manganese and arsenic.

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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove, and Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.

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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.

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Performance assessment of select covers and disposal cell compliance with EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) groundwater standards. [UMTRA Project]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6196930.

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UMTRA Project remedial action planning and disposal cell design to comply with the proposed EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) standards (40 CFR Part 192). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6127421.

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