Journal articles: 'Environmental problems associated with mine waste'

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Drapeau, Clémentine, Rabei Argane, Cécile Delolme, Denise Blanc, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Rachid Hakkou, Thomas Baumgartl, Mansour Edraki, and Laurent Lassabatere. "Lead Mobilization and Speciation in Mining Waste: Experiments and Modeling." Minerals 11, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060606.

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Mining produces significant amounts of solid mineral waste. Mine waste storage facilities are often challenging to manage and may cause environmental problems. Mining waste is often linked to contaminated mine drainage, including acidic waters with more or less elevated concentrations of trace metals such as lead. This work presents a study on the mobilization of lead from waste from two typical mining sites: Zeida and Mibladen, two now-closed former Pb–Zn mines in the Moulouya region of Morocco. Our research investigates the mobilization potential of Pb from the waste of these mines. The study involved acid–base neutralization capacity tests (ANC–BNC) combined with geochemical modeling. Experimental data allowed for the quantification of the buffering capacity of the samples and the mobilization rates of lead as a function of pH. The geochemical model was fitted to experimental results with thermodynamic considerations. The geochemical model allowed for the identification of the mineral phases involved in providing the buffering capacity of carbonated mining waste (Mibladen) and the meager buffering capacity of the silicate mining waste (Zeida). These cases are representative of contaminated neutral drainage (CND) and acid mine drainage (AMD), respectively. The results highlight the consistency between the ANC–BNC experimental data and the associated modeling in terms of geochemical behavior, validating the approach and identifying the main mechanisms involved. The modeling approach identifies the dissolution of the main solid phases, which impact the pH and the speciation of lead as a function of the pH. This innovative approach, combining ANC–BNC experiments and geochemical modeling, allowed for the accurate identification of mineral phases and surface complexation phenomena, which control the release of lead and its speciation in drainage solutions, as well as within solid phases, as a function of pH.

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von Lindern, Ian H., David Hanrahan, and Margrit von Braun. "Remediation of Legacy Arsenic Mining Areas in Yunnan Province, China." Journal of Health and Pollution 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/jhp.v1i1.23.

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Background. Three villages in Yunnan Province were identified to have abandoned arsenic mines severely contaminating the local water supplies. Other villages in the Province had similar problems causing the Yunnan Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) to seek assistance in developing a remedial strategy. Objectives. Identify the immediate hazards, develop practical remedial approaches, with focus on human health impacts associated with contaminated drinking water. Develop a blueprint for dealing with other isolated mine pollution problems in the mountains of Yunnan. Materials & Methods. A technical team from Blacksmith Institute, TerraGraphics Environmental Engineering and Yunnan Environmental Protection Bureau (YEPB) visited the sites and conducted environmental sampling. TerraGraphics prepared a technical review of each site, a discussion of human health risks and objectives for remedial actions, using United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance for waste site evaluations. From the recommended interventions for each site, YEPB selected a site for construction remediation. Results. Samples of wastes, soils and water indicated high metals contamination at all three sites. The closed arsenic refinery in Wenshan County was selected for a demonstration cleanup project. Subsequent analyses showed significant improvements in metals levels and achievement of remedial objectives. The site is recognized as a model for other mining sites in Yunnan. Conclusions. The success of the demonstration project was recognized and has provided direction and momentum for a wider effort by the Province to address mining pollution and water contamination challenges. It demonstrates the success of using known techniques for environmental remediation in the US, with local partners in China responding to their communities' health and environmental problems.

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Colgan, Jeff D. "Climate Change and the Politics of Military Bases." Global Environmental Politics 18, no. 1 (February 2018): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00443.

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How does climate change affect the politics of military bases? The United States alone has hundreds of overseas bases that require continuous coordination with host governments. I argue that climate change can create knock-on environmental problems associated with a base’s infrastructure or waste. Those knock-on problems create a mix of subnational, international, and transnational political contestation that raises the political costs of overseas bases and could even rupture an international relationship. I probe the plausibility of the theoretical framework using new evidence from Greenland. Between 1953 and 1967, the US Army maintained secret bases in Greenland as precursors for a nuclear ballistic missile complex. The bases were eventually abandoned, leaving considerable waste behind. Climate change is now poised to remobilize these pollutants into the surface water, creating a risk for human settlements. The case could be the proverbial canary in the coal mine for future politics surrounding overseas military bases.

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Coetser, S. E., R. G. M. Heath, and N. Ndombe. "Diffuse pollution associated with the mining sectors in South Africa: a first-order assessment." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 3 (February 1, 2007): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.066.

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Internationally it has become recognised that diffuse source water pollution from mining activities severely affects the degradation of water quality especially with regards to acidification and metal loading. South Africa is facing major problems with regard to the management and treatment of contaminated mine water. Very little has been published for South Africa about the quantities and qualities of diffuse source water pollution by the mining industry. Furthermore the available information has not yet been compiled into a consolidated overview that presents the total picture. Some of the problems that limit the use of the available information and would necessitate further processing to normalise the data, derive from the fact that the investigations producing the information were done at different times, to different levels of detail and using different approaches. A further complicating factor is that data for some mining commodities may not be available and may necessitate further investigation. The overview of the quantities and qualities of non-point source effluent production by different sectors needs to be interpreted in terms of the effect the effluent can be expected to have on receiving water quality (both surface and groundwater). It would thus be necessary to categorise waste types according to their effect on water quality and synthesise the data to obtain an estimate of the threat that different sectors and sub-sectors pose to receiving water quality.

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Buah, W. K., and J. R. Dankwah. "Sorption of Heavy Metals from Mine Wastewater by Activated Carbons Prepared from Coconut Husk." Ghana Mining Journal 16, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v16i2.5.

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A study on sorption of heavy metal ions: Lead (Pb2+), Copper (Cu2+) and Cadmium (Cd2+) from mine wastewater by activated carbons prepared from coconut husk was conducted. The activated carbons were prepared by carbonisation of the husk at 900 ºC pyrolysis temperature, followed by steam activation of the pyrolysis derived char. Activation was also performed at 900 ºC for various durations at steam addition rate of 0.2 mol/h/g in a Gas Fired Static Bed Pyrolysis-Activation Reactor. The derived activated carbons were contacted with mine wastewater containing heavy metal ions to assess their heavy metal ions adsorption potential. The results show that the activated carbons efficiently adsorbed the heavy metal ions from solution, reducing concentrations of Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ from 1.56 mg/L, 1.87 mg/L and 0.69 mg/L respectively to below Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (GEPA) standards of 0.10 mg/L, 1.30 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L for Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ respectively. The significances of this study are that, the conversion of the coconut husk to activated carbons provides a solution to environmental problems associated with dumping of the waste and also provides valuable products capable of reducing the effects of heavy metals in wastewater. Keywords: Coconut Husk, Activated Carbon, Heavy Metal, Adsorption

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Gorobei, Maryna S., Viкtor M. Yermakov, and Оksana V. Lunova. "Man-made pollution of the environment with coal dust as a result of operation and closure of coal mines." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 29, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112062.

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The technological processes of coal mining, enrichment and use, in particular coal combusting is accompanied by formation and release of significant amounts of dust and gases. Atmospheric air protection is one of the most urgent problems of the nowadays technological society, as scientific and technological progress and expansion of production is associated with an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on the atmosphere. The paper presents a new solution to the current scientific problem of reducing carbon-containing dust content based on the disclosure of the laws of the aerodynamic interaction of dust and water flows in gravitational and electrostatic fields. The authors show in this study the causes of atmosphere pollution with coal-containing dust; main issues of atmospheric air protection at enterprises located in the controlled territory of Ukraine. The data of the first quarter of the 2020 year are presented in the research. The biggest part of the facilities that pollute the atmospheric air are focused in Donetsk and Lugansk regions. It is estimated that the air environment of the underground mine surface complex is filled with exhaust ventilation air of approximately 200.000 m3 per minute with a dust concentration of approximately (5-7) mg / m3, which is equal to 1.5 tons of dust per a day. It is here that the possibility of transporting pollutants over long distances is most often realized. Coarse dust discharged through the ventilation systems of mines is intensively deposited in the sanitary protection zones of mines. Fine dust is carried by the wind outside them, polluting the environment on the distance of up to 3500 m from the coal mine. Emissions of carbon dust into the atmosphere are almost always a major part of transboundary environmental pollution. Mine waste also poses an environmental threat. Technologies of reduction air pollution at the source of carbon-containing dust formation should be used in all new industries of economy. The results obtained reveal the mechanism of interaction of the sprayed liquid with coal dust and can be used in the development of new effective means of controlling the carbon-containing dust. The principles and practices of sustainable development, coupled with local research, will help to contain or eliminate health and environmental risks resulting from air pollution by carbon-containing dust.

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Knez, Dariusz, Rafał Wiśniowski, and Winnie Ampomaa Owusu. "Turning Filling Material into Proppant for Coalbed Methane in Poland—Crush Test Results." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091820.

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The search for unconventional energy resources such as coalbed methane (CBM) is on the rise in Poland due to the demand for energy resources and protection of the environment. CBM production has a lower impact on the environment when compared with coal production. Its development is known to be cost effective due to its use of shallow depths with large gas quantities. Sand is one of the by-products (waste) from open-pit mining operations. Conventional disposal of this material is achieved by storage in heaps and its deployment as landfill as well as filling material for mine pits. This paper investigates the potential use of sand (filler) as a proppant for hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane formations in Poland through crush test measurements in both single and cyclic loadings. The crush test helps to identify proppant strength under various load applications. Test results show that the sand qualifies for the 4 K (maximum allowable stress is 27.58 MPa) and 3 K (maximum allowable stress 20.68 MPa) crush classifications under single and cyclic conditions, respectively. This finding shows the viability and potential of the investigated sand as a proppant for hydraulic fracturing in shallow coalbed methane formations in Poland. Furthermore, its use could help filler-providing companies to maintain their production level and save jobs. Notably, it would contribute to the reduction of environmental problems associated with the management of waste, such as that from open-pit mining operations.

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Bussière, Bruno. "Colloquium 2004: Hydrogeotechnical properties of hard rock tailings from metal mines and emerging geoenvironmental disposal approaches." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 9 (September 2007): 1019–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-040.

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Tailings are ground rock particles from which the valuable minerals or metals have been extracted. An historical overview on hard rock mines shows that since the 1930s, it has become current practice to pump the tailings into storage areas circumscribed by dykes made of the tailings themselves. However, numerous physical and chemical stability problems were observed mainly owing to the particular hydrogeotechnical and mineralogical properties of the tailings. Therefore, modifications to the conventional methods were proposed, but these were relatively costly, not always efficient, and sometimes difficult to implement. New management methods that improve the physical and (or) chemical stability have hence been developed to reduce environmental risks associated with tailings storage, namely, densified tailings, environmental desulphurization, covers built with tailings, and co-disposal of tailings and waste rock. Even if many aspects need to be optimized, these approaches can be considered today as interesting alternatives to conventional tailings management approaches.

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Almendras, Maylin, J. V. Wiertz, and R. Chamy. "Heavy Metals Immobilization in Contaminated Smelter Soils Using Microbial Sulphate Reduction." Advanced Materials Research 71-73 (May 2009): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.71-73.577.

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The main environmental problems associated with the mining activities are related to the production of large amounts of wastes; Different pathways are responsible for heavy metals dispersion, by air due to wind action, by water mediated by acid mine drainage and erosion, and the metals could be mobilized in the soil by different transport mechanisms. Different remediation alternatives have been studied and reported in literature. In situ stabilization is a cheaper method. The heavy metals stabilization enables the decrease of metal mobility, reactivity and toxicity in the soil, decreasing heavy metals availability and phytoavailability. Sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) have been successfully utilized in groundwater bioprecipitation of heavy metals. In this study, this biological agent has been used in the immobilization of heavy metal in the subsurface of the soil due to its dissimilative metabolism. SRB produces hydrogen sulfide that reacts with soluble metals present in the media, generating as final product low soluble metal compounds (metal sulfides). The bio-stabilization was studied at pilot scale to determine the stabilization efficiency using biological agent, SRB. The metals studied were Fe, Cu, Pb and Zn in the contaminated smelter soil. Bioaugmentation and biomagnification were applied. After 4 months, the metal stabilization efficiency was determined by leaching with acid solution at different pH to stimulate the metal mobility. The remediation pilot scale system showed that copper, lead and iron were much more stable at pH 3.0, with only 3.7% and 1% of total metal eluted, and compared with the system without biological agent. In the case of zinc, the elution was similar with or without remediation. The metal stabilization using biological agent was successful in the contaminated smelter soil and these results are promising antecedents for full scale in situ remediation strategy.

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Dołhańczuk-Śródka, Agnieszka, Łukasz Wróbel, Andrzej Kłos, and Maria Wacławek. "Assessment of Gamma Dose Rate at Mine Waste Dump." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2013-0031.

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Abstract Exploitation of coal deposits in Upper Silesia is associated with production of large quantities of waste deposited at dumps. The tested samples from five dumps showed different radioactivity from each other. Radioactivity measurements made it possible to analyze the degree of risk with the factors specified by UNSCEAR such as radium equivalent activity Raeq, internal Ein and external Eex occupancy factor. There is a raised level of radiation in dumps as compared with outside dump areas. In the study area, however, there is no risk associated with elevated levels of radiation in relation to standards established by the Council of Ministers of the ionizing radiation dose limits.

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Liu, Yin, Jun Tao Chen, Shu Yang Yao, and Cheng Xiang Zhang. "Study on the Resource Comprehensive Utilization of Mine Solid Waste." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.586.

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Mine solid waste is the great potential resource, but unreasonable resource development leads to the loss of solid waste and then does harm to environment. There are many ways of environmental management and comprehensive utilization of mine solid waste; recover useful elements, produce building materials, secondary energy recovery, fill the mine pit and collapse pit, paving, etc. However, many problems exist such as backward technology, lack of market competition due to low value-added products, government support which remains to be strengthened, less awareness of reasonable development of resources and effective environment protection, backward laws and regulations. Based on these problems, some relevant proposes were put forward.

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Ren, T. X., and D. J. Reddish. "Computer modelling of geotechnical and environmental problems associated with mining and mine closure." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 13, no. 4 (January 1999): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208119908944245.

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Suleman, H. A., and P. E. Baffoe. "Selecting Suitable Sites for Mine Waste Dumps Using GIS Techniques at Goldfields, Damang Mine." Ghana Mining Journal 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v17i1.2.

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AbstractThe selection of optimal sites for mine waste dumps is a significant problem associated with surface mines operations. A number of factors such as financial, environmental and safety requirements must be simultaneously considered to avoid potential losses. This research used the ModelBuilder tool and several GIS spatial analyst tools to select suitable sites for mine waste dump. The weighted overlay technique was adopted by first determining the necessary criteria and constraints and subsequently developing attributes for each criterion. The criteria used were grouped into a binary category of suitable and unsuitable. A total area of 17.01 km2 was determined as suitable, while 66.10 km2 was classified as unsuitable after overlaying and weighting all the criteria. Out of the suitable areas, an area of 13.62 km2 consisting of 21 sites were determined as optimal. Applying further constraints, 2 out of the 21 optimal sites were determined as the best sites. A step-wise model has been developed using ModelBuilder for selecting an economic but effective site for dumping mine waste using suitable constraints and criteria. This has facilitated the production of suitability maps generated from the various datasets being used for mine waste dump site selection. The final output map that best fits the criteria and constraints can be used by decision makers to set out the areas suitable for mine waste dump sites on the mine concession. The model could be applied as the standard model for selecting sites for mine waste dumps, since there is no standard model available at the moment. Keywords: ModelBuilder, GIS, Constraints, Waste Dumps, Weighted Overlay

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Mhlongo, Sphiwe Emmanuel, and George Oluwole Akintola. "Artisanal and small-scale mining activities as post-mining land use in abandoned mine sites: a case of Giyani and Musina areas, Limpopo Province of South Africa." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 8, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 2815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.083.2815.

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South Africa has many artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities that some are registered and others informal and illegal. This paper presents an overview of ASM operations in the vicinity of abandoned mine sites found in Giyani and Musina areas, Limpopo Provine of South Africa. It looks at the mining processes, environmental problems, and health and safety risks of ASM in the area. It also provideds a discussion of practical ways of dealing with the problems of artisanal and small-scale mining operations in a harmonized way with the rehabilitation of the abandoned mine sites. The exploitation of waste rock dumps for aggregate production in Musina demonstrated that formalized ASM activities can be the best alternative uses of the abandoned mine sites. However, artisanal gold mining around Giyani revealed the health and safety risks and environmental problems of these operations. The artisanal gold mining activities worsened the health and safety and the environmental problems of the abandoned mine sites. Therefore, this paper recommends that the efforts of coming up with strategies to formalize and regulate artisanal mining in South Africa be deepened for these activities to be accepteble as sustainable as post-mining land-uses in abandoned mines.

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Noller, B. N., P. H. Woods, and B. J. Ross. "Case Studies of Wetland Filtration of Mine Waste Water in Constructed and Naturally Occurring Systems in Northern Australia." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1994): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0205.

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A problem common to mines operating in the tropics is the disposal of water, which may be alkaline, acidic, or contain toxic elements such as arsenic or cadmium. The availability of year-round water supply at many mine sites in Northern Australia, particularly from pit dewatering, together with the monsoonal climate, provide appropriate conditions for the formation of natural wetlands or establishment of artificial wetlands. Wetland species (particularly Typha spp.) flourish in the presence of flowing or shallow water from dewatering, and data collected from natural and experimental wetlands show reduction of metal concentrations by wetland filtration of mine waste water. The following case studies are considered:Constructed wetlands, used to remove uranium from waste rock runoff before release to an adjacent creek provide a means of “polishing” runoff water prior to discharge to the creek.Creek-Billabong systems with existing wetlands adjacent to mine sites adventitiously “filter” waters discharged from mine sites. Trace elements in dewatering water from a gold mine discharged into an oxbow show reduction of elemental concentrations downstream, compared to discharge water.Naturally generated wetlands at several Northern Territory mines have developed along channels for discharge of pit water, with ingress of Typha domingensis. Such wetlands, associated with dewatering, have been examined at four mines, some with acid mine drainage. Water quality measured after wetland treatments shows reductions in concentrations of various heavy metals and sulfate. Volunteer Typha domingensis grows and spreads in shallow flowing channels, providing an inherent “filtration” of the water.Natural swamplands are incorporated in the waste rock runoff management design of a new gold mine, to reduce potentially high arsenic levels in the waste water. Constructed and naturally occurring wetlands may be used in the treatment of most mine waste waters to achieve levels of constituents acceptable for discharge to the surrounding environment.

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Filcenco-Olteanu, Antoneta, Lena Alakangas, Antoio Fiuza, Marius Zlagnean, and Nicolae Tomus. "Physical chemical characterization of historical mining waste and ARD prediction tests." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171801031.

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There are thousands of historical mine tailings and metallurgical residues present on inactive metal mining sites which have been abandoned. However, the potential release of dissolved metals, acidity, or suspended particulates from mine-waste dumps can be a serious and long-lasting problem. A variety of environmental impacts may occur at this abandoned mine sites and leading the list is acid generation, which is one of the main problems from metal mining. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate the Romanian historical tailing of Sasar-Red Valley, near Baia Mare. This involved physical and chemical characterization of the materials and its acid generating potential. Sasar tailing impoundment contains 8.5 million m3 of tailings and occupies an area of 32.5 hectares. Tailings samples were collected from different depths in three sampling points, and characterized by grain size, chemical elements concentration, elements distribution of elements in depth, paste pH, acid-base account and net acid generation tests. Acid base accounting (ABA) tests in conjunction with net acid generation (NAG) tests classified the samples into the category of ‘potentially acid generating’. This paper presents a synthesis of works performed in the Improve Resource Efficiency and Minimize Environmental Footprint (REMinE) project.

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Andi Miarta, Mayang Indah Lestari, and Zulkifli. "Waste Anesthetic Gase : A Forgotten Problems." Journal of Anesthesiology and Clinical Research 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/jacr.v1i1.198.

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ABSTRACT Waste anesthetic gas (WAG) is a small amount of inhaled anesthetic gas that comes out of the patient’s anesthesia breathing circuit into the envorinment air while the patient is under anesthesia. According to American Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) more than 200.000 healthcare workers especially aneaesthesiologist, surgery nurse, obstetrician and surgeons are at risk of developing work-related disease due to chronic exposure to WAG. Exposure to WAG in short time associated with multiple problems such as headaches, irritability, fatigue, nausea, drowsiness, decrease work efficiency and difficulty with judgment and coordination. While chronic exposure of WAG is associated with genotoxicity, mutagenicity, oxidative stress, fatigue, headache, irritability, nausea, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunosuppressive and reproductive toxicological effect. Waste anesthetic gases are known as environmental pollutants and will be released from the OR to the outside environment then the substance will reach the atmosphere damaging ozone layer. Exposure to trace WAG in the perioperative environment cannot be eliminated completely, but it can be controlled. Controlling WAG can be achieve by using scavenging system, proper ventilation, airway management, ideal anesthetic choice, maintaining anesthesia machine and equipment, hospital regulation and routine healthcare workers health status examination.

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Ho, Cheng-Ping, Zeng-Yei Hseu, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, and Shih-Hao Jien. "Chromium Speciation Associated with Iron and Manganese Oxides in Serpentine Mine Tailings." Environmental Engineering Science 30, no. 5 (May 2013): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ees.2012.0046.

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Yoo, Jung Whan, Jin Ho Jung, and Hyung Tae Kim. "Synthesis and Characterization of Clay Brick Using Coal Wastes." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.403.

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Utilizing coal waste byproducts formed during mine development or use is important in solving environmental problems and recycling of waste materials. In this study, specimens prepared by mixing coal waste of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 % into clay brick have been investigated in terms of water absorption and compressive strength according to coal waste amounts and calcination temperature. As coal waste content increased water absorption increased and compressive strength decreased. When up to 30% coal waste was mixed into clay at 1300 oC, specimens satisfied 1st-class brick of Korea Standard requirements (water absorption 10%>, compressive strength 210 kgf/cm2<).

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Vershinina, I. A., and T. S. Martynenko. "Problems of Waste Recovery and Socio-Ecological Inequality." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-5-52-55.

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On the example of various approaches to waste recovery and recycling of garbage existing in different countries, the role of ecological culture in solving environmental problems is analyzed. Based on the analysis of problems associated with landfills, features of the Russian environmental consciousness are presented. The importance of the transition from the widespread burial of waste to their treatment and disposal on the basis of resource-saving technologies that are effectively used in the global economy is emphasized.

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Mitko, Krzysztof, and Marian Turek. "Membrane-Based Solutions for the Polish Coal Mining Industry." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080638.

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Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste water discharge. Membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems can be employed to recover important resources from coal mine waste waters, such as demineralized water, salt, magnesium hydroxide, and gypsum. In this paper, we present a historical overview of proposed membrane-based solutions for the Polish coal mining industry and discuss possible further areas of research.

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Carvalho, Fernando P., João M. Oliveira, and Margarida Malta. "Radiation Safety of Old Uranium Mining Waste Dumps in Portugal." Advanced Materials Research 107 (April 2010): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.107.147.

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The risks associated to uranium mining and milling wastes require the radiological surveillance of the areas with these residues and the assessment of the radiation risk to the populations living in the region. This radiological surveillance is based on an environmental monitoring programme implemented by ITN. Annually, soils, water, and plants including horticulture products from the uranium mine areas are sampled and analyzed for radioactivity. As part of this programme, analyses of soils, irrigation waters, agriculture products (lettuce), green pasture, and cheese were performed in samples collected in the area of the old Urgeiriça uranium mine and milling facilities near Viseu, Centre-North of Portugal, in order to assess the transfer of uranium series radionuclides to man. In the Urgeiriça area, some soils and vegetables display radionuclide concentrations higher than in reference areas 226Ra was the radionuclide more concentrated by vegetables. Through ingestion of these products 226Ra may be the main contributor to the increment of radiation dose received by local population. The solutions implemented for environmental remediation of tailings piles and mining waste dumps in Urgeiriça and in other old uranium mine sites, with time are expected to render safe these areas and to allow the release of old mining concession areas for other uses by the public without radiation risks.

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Karabyn, V. "WAYS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF OCCURRENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ORIGIN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN AREAS OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT AT COAL MINES." Bulletin of Lviv State University of Life Safety, no. 18 (December 31, 2018): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32447/20784643.18.2018.14.

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The description of the topic and problems of the object. The factors of environmental danger that can lead to emergency situations in areas of technogenic impact of mining enterprises in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin are analyzed. The purpose of the article is to justify the feasibility of the measures to minimize the spread of pollutants from mine dumps by the arrangement of geochemical barriers. The results of the research. The microelement composition of the dumps rocks of some mines in the coal basin have been examined. The rocks of mine waste heaps Chervonograd in compareness with the clark for clays and mudstone rocks of waste heaps concentrate Cobalt, Lead, Magnesium, Yitrium, Cuprum, Itterbium and Beryllium; Nadiia – Gallium, Manhan, Plumbum, Stanum, Itterbium, Cuprum; Stepova – Titanium and Tsirconium; Mezhyrichanska – Molybdenum and Plumbum. By the principal component methodparagenetic associations of trace elements and environmental parameters, which gave the opportunity to predict the ways and forms the main components of migration of trace element contamination are dedicated. In particular, for the rocks of mine waste heaps at Stepova such paragenetic associations are allocated: 1) the thickness of the bulk layer, the swiftness of slope, the ash content of rocks, the concentration of Sn, Cr, Zn and mudstones; thecontent of coal, pyrite, siderite, siltstone, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, geomorphological characteristics, radioactivity of rocks; 2) the concentration of Pb, Ti, Cu, Sr, mudstone and rocks; 3) the contents of Mn and P. For the rocks of mine Mezhyrichanska are shown the association: 1) content of V, Y, Yb, Co, Ti, P, Cr, Ni, Be, Mn, Cu, Ba, Sn, Sc, Zn, Ga, Sr, Zr, ash content of rocks 2) the content of Mo, distribution of coal, not burnt rocks and pyrite. For the environment protection from pollution the most optimal methods are based on acceleration of the natural transformation of pollutants in the secure or their targeted concentrations in some limited areas with an area of the lithosphere, which are declared. To reduce the level of environmental risk and minimize the occurrence of emergency, on the territory of the Lviv-Volyn coal basin, the arrangement of artificial geochemical barriers on the way of pollutants from coal mine waste dumps to water have been proved for the first time.

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S., Shom, Sushil Mhaske, Khanindra Pathak, and Manoj Tiwari. "Mine Waste as Resource: Indian Mining Scenario of Coal and Non Coal Mining Sector." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, no. 6 (March 30, 2021): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f5396.039621.

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Mother Nature has bestowed India with huge resources of coal, iron ore, bauxite, manganese and limestone. India has one of the lowest per capita availability of land due to population of more than 1.3 billion. The transformation from under developed to developed economy warrants enormous increase in mineral production. This will generate additional huge quantities of waste. The industry is already facing problems related to land acquisition and environmental clearances. Sustainable development of Indian mineral industry requires reprocessing, reuse and recycling of mine waste. To achieve this, economic and innovative mineral processing methods are required which will result in least damage to ecology and environment.

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Chopard, Marion, Mermillod-Blondin, Plante, and Benzaazoua. "Environmental Impact of Mine Exploitation: An Early Predictive Methodology Based on Ore Mineralogy and Contaminant Speciation." Minerals 9, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9070397.

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Mining wastes containing sulfide minerals can generate contaminated waters as acid mine drainage (AMD) and contaminated neutral drainage (CND). This occurs when such minerals are exposed to oxygen and water. Nowadays, mineralogical work—when it is done—is independently and differentially done according to the needs of the exploration, geotechnics, metallurgy or environment department, at different stages in the mine development process. Moreover, environmental impact assessments (EIA) are realized late in the process and rarely contain pertinent mineralogical characterization on ores and wastes, depending on countries’ regulations. Contaminant-bearing minerals are often not detected at an early stage of the mine life cycle and environmental problems could occur during production or once the mine has come to the end of its productive life. This work puts forward a more reliable methodology, based on mineralogical characterization of the ore at the exploration stages, which, in turn, will be useful for each stage of the mining project and limit the unforeseen environmental or metallurgical issues. Three polymetallic sulfide ores and seven gold deposits from various origins around the world were studied. Crushed ore samples representing feed ore of advanced projects and of production mines were used to validate the methodology with realistic cases. The mineralogical methodology consisted in chemical assays and XRD, optical microscopy, SEM and EPMA were done. Five of the ores were also submitted to geochemical tests to compare mineralogical prediction results with their experimental leaching behavior. Major, minor, and trace minerals were identified, quantified, and the bearing minerals were examined for the polluting elements (and valuables). The main conclusion is that detailed mineralogical work can avert redundant work, save time and money, and allow detection of the problems at the beginning of the mine development phase, improving waste management and closure planning.

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Hagenmaier, Hanspaul, Hermann Brunner, Roland Haag, Michael Kraft, and K. Lützke. "Problems Associated With the Measurement of PCDD and PCDF Emissions From Waste Incineration Plants." Waste Management & Research 5, no. 1 (January 1987): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x8700500136.

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HAGENMAIER, H., H. BRUNNER, R. HAAG, M. KRAFT, and K. LUTZKE. "Problems associated with the measurement of PCDD and PCDF emissions from waste incineration plants." Waste Management & Research 5, no. 3 (September 1987): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0734-242x(87)90076-0.

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Gulchekhra Mirzaeva and Abdug’aniyev Nazirjon. "Environmental protection when processing road-building materials." Middle European Scientific Bulletin 6 (November 5, 2020): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47494/mesb.2020.6.103.

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This article presents the most acceptable ways of recycling waste road building materials, as well as the main measures to eliminate the negative impact on the environment of waste road building materials obtained in the process of construction, restoration and reconstruction of roads. These activities will solve a number of problems associated with the negative impact on the environment of construction waste.

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Bullock, S. E. T., and F. G. Bell. "Some problems associated with past mining at a mine in the Witbank coalfield, South Africa." Environmental Geology 33, no. 1 (December 11, 1997): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050225.

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Zhou, Hong Ying, and Guo Xiang Xu. "The Research and Application of Reclamation Technology in Complex Matrix of VA Mycorrhiza on Coal Mine Abandoned Wasteland." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2224.

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The exploitation of coal resources will lead to land damage and the emission of solid wastes, and will also lead to structural differences in mining wasteland, nutrient poor, low microbial activity, and vegetation planting difficult, causing serious environmental problems. Draw sludge into mine waste, construct different weight ratio of sludge, coal gangue and fly ash mining complex matrix, study the effect on the physical and chemical properties of composite matrix in mine lot which affected by mycorrhizal fungi through the soil property recover experiment of host plants inoculated with mycorrhizal clover ochratoxin, CIT. Preliminary studies show that inoculate mycorrhizal fungi and add appropriate amount of sludge can improve the matrix fertility in mine site, increase soil microbial activity and accelerate the process of mining land reclamation.

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Iyaloo, Samantha, Tahira Kootbodien, Nisha Naicker, Angela Mathee, Spo Kgalamono, Kerry Wilson, and David Rees. "O3A.5 Environmental dust exposure from gold mine waste dumps and respiratory health effects in johannesburg, south africa." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A22.3—A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.60.

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BackgroundThousands of people living in close proximity to gold mine waste dumps (GMWDs), are exposed to wind-swept, silica-rich dust. The effects on respiratory heath consequent on this exposure are largely unknown.ObjectiveTo examine associations between environmental GMWD dust exposure and respiratory health effects in adults.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of 93, 133 and 84 people in high (home <500 m from GMWD), moderate (500 m-1km) and low (>20 km) exposure groups respectively. We calculated a cumulative exposure index (CEI) based on exposure groups and years of residence. Participants were interviewed for respiratory symptoms, had chest X-rays (read by three experienced readers for tuberculosis and silicosis) and spirometry. We used multivariate logistic regression to examine the effect of dust exposure on respiratory health, and multiple linear regression to determine if CEI was associated with% predicted FEV1 and FVC. We adjusted for socioeconomic status, smoking and occupational and biomass fuel exposure.ResultsBeing in the high exposure group versus the low was associated with elevated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for upper respiratory (aOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.28–5.97) and ocular symptoms (aOR: 4.68; 95% CI: 1.87–11.68), chest wheezing (aOR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.60–8.96) and spirometry-diagnosed COPD (aOR: 8.17; 95% CI: 1.01–65.85). We found similar associations for the high versus medium exposure groups, but no significant associations in the medium relative to the low group. Exposure had no significant effect on the risks of chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis. We found similar significant results for CEI as for the exposure groups analyses. On linear regression, CEI was not associated with% predicted FEV1, but, surprisingly, FVC was positively associated with CEI. No participant had radiological features of silicosis.ConclusionResidents residing <500 m from GMWDs had elevated aORs for respiratory health effects. Both exposure measures (exposure groups and CEI) yielded similar results.

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Reddy, K. J., Patrick J. Sullivan, and Jennifer L. Yelton. "Solubility Relationships of Zinc Associated with Acid Mine Drainage." Journal of Environmental Quality 17, no. 4 (October 1988): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1988.00472425001700040032x.

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Wang, Ping, Zehang Sun, Yuanan Hu, and Hefa Cheng. "Leaching of heavy metals from abandoned mine tailings brought by precipitation and the associated environmental impact." Science of The Total Environment 695 (December 2019): 133893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133893.

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Hickey, R., and P. Jankowski. "GIS and Environmental Decisionmaking to Aid Smelter Reclamation Planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 1 (January 1997): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a290005.

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Abandoned mines and mining-related activities typically cause environmental problems related to erosion and pollutant transport. Traditional methods of smelter reclamation plan design are hampered by the lack of data integration and by time-consuming analysis. The proposed spatial decision-support system will minimize these problems as data integration and analysis are offered within one computerized environment. A geographical information system (GIS), remotely sensed data, erosion modeling, and multicriteria decisionmaking (MCDM) methods have been integrated to support reclamation procedures better. Integration of the digital data sources and analysis will produce more realistic, up-to-date models of damaged lands. This methodology is applicable to any number of damaged sites, including mine sites, smelter sites, widespread hazardous-waste sites, and areas negatively impacted by intense agriculture or forestry. The system has been tested at the Anaconda smelter site, an Environmental Protection Agency superfund site near Butte, Montana. The primary surficial problems are related to metal toxicity and transport. In addition to producing a description of the physical conditions at the entire site, the system provides spatial decision-support capabilities for generating and evaluating revegetation strategies for the site with the use of different priority schemes.

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Kumral, Mustafa, and Yuksel Asli Sari. "Simulation-based mine extraction sequencing with chance constrained risk tolerance." SIMULATION 93, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717692415.

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Technical and financial uncertainties present significant risks to the profitability and efficiency of mining operations. Unexpected realizations (e.g., price or grade) may result in catastrophic consequences. This phenomenon forces mining industries to use probabilistic decision-making tools to assess, mitigate, and manage the risks associated with these uncertainties. In this context, mining operations need robust schedules, which are insensitive to market changes and/or unexpected grade realizations. The mine production scheduling problem consists of three sub-problems: extraction sequencing (timing), ore-waste discrimination (classification) and production rates (utilization). The solutions to these problems are generated under significant parameter uncertainties. This paper proposes an extraction sequencing approach in which the net present value of a mining project is, for a given risk tolerance, maximized and the actual risk tolerance is then verified through Monte-Carlo simulations. The risk tolerance is a measure of uncertainty and that secures the project net present value with a given probability. Risk tolerance is derived through the use of standard deviations of block economic values in the medium of multiple grade and economic images of orebody. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a case study using gold mine data. The results of the case study show that the proposed approach, combining chance-constrained programming and Monte-Carlo simulation, can be used to solve the mine extraction sequencing problem in an uncertain financial and technical environment.

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Li, Li, Long Jun Xu, and Dong Mei Chen. "Connotation and Technology System of Green Mining of Manganese Resources." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.540.

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Based on the green mining concept of coal mine, connotation and technology system of green mining of manganese resources were expound. According to the problems on the mining and utilization procedure of manganese resources, the green mining of manganese was suggested. It included the water preserving mining technology, reducing subsidence mining technology, non-waste mining technology, as well as comprehensive utilization technology of other associated resources. The main key issues were in-depth analyzed in this paper, and the recommendations for the further research and development were proposed.

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Bryukhanov, A. Yu, E. V. Vasilev, E. V. Shalavina, and R. A. Uvarov. "Methods for Solving Environmental Problems in Livestock and Poultry Farming." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-4-32-37.

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In the Northwestern Federal District, the main agricultural source of environmental pollution is the disposal of organic waste (manure and litter), which accounts for a risk of 85 percent. The problem of ensuring environmental safety requires appropriate solutions based on modern intelligent machine technologies, means of monitoring and controlling technological processes of organic waste disposal. (Research purpose) To provide rationale for combined methods of solving environmental problems in animal and poultry farming. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the environmental impact of machine technologies used in livestock and poultry farming. The studies were carried out by assessing environmental risks and the sustainability of agroecosystems, applying methods and techniques for assessing the best available technologies, and studying the main prospects of developing intelligent digital technologies. (Results and discussion) The authors have identified the main methods of solving the environmental problems associated with large farm enterprises, including the calculation, design and system operation of the best available technologies for agricultural production. They have proposed a technical tool in the form of a bioreactor for the disposal of organic waste, capable of reducing manure and litter processing period in 60 times and providing automated flow and process control with online registration of production and environmental indicators. They have described an intelligent system for monitoring and utilizing organic waste, including a conceptual framework for establishing modular centers for deep processing. (Conclusions) The authors have proved that the implementation of modern methods for ensuring effective and environmentally safe agricultural production requires the establishing of experimental plot sites for complex research and demonstration of a “machine technology – monitoring – management” system. It has been proposed that a site of the VIM agrobiotechnological cluster should be established at a pilot livestock complex enterprise in the Leningrad Region. The authors have identified promising areas of research to ensure the transition of agricultural production to a new technological structure that implements the principles of Smart Farming to provide for the disposal of at least 510 million tons of agricultural organic waste a year.

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Coral, Thomas, Michaël Descostes, Hélène De Boissezon, Rizlan Bernier-Latmani, Luiz Felippe de Alencastro, and Pierre Rossi. "Microbial communities associated with uranium in-situ recovery mining process are related to acid mine drainage assemblages." Science of The Total Environment 628-629 (July 2018): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.321.

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Tian, Hezhong, Jiajia Gao, Jiming Hao, Long Lu, Chuanyong Zhu, and Peipei Qiu. "Atmospheric pollution problems and control proposals associated with solid waste management in China: A review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 252-253 (May 2013): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.013.

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Zhang, Siyu, Hao Wang, Xuwen He, Shaoqing Guo, Yu Xia, Yuexi Zhou, Kai Liu, and Shipeng Yang. "Research progress, problems and prospects of mine water treatment technology and resource utilization in China." Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 331–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1629798.

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Moffatt, I. "The potentialities and problems associated with applying information technology to environmental management." Journal of Environmental Management 30, no. 3 (April 1990): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4797(90)90002-e.

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Metzler, M. "Problems associated with the use of growth promoters in food-producing animals." Science of The Total Environment 101, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90117-w.

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Stander, Helene-Marie, and Jennifer L. Broadhurst. "Understanding the Opportunities, Barriers, and Enablers for the Commercialization and Transfer of Technologies for Mine Waste Valorization: A Case Study of Coal Processing Wastes in South Africa." Resources 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10040035.

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The mining and minerals beneficiation industries produce large volumes of waste, the land disposal of which can lead to harmful environmental emissions and a loss of valuable resources. Globally, researchers are developing technologies for recovering valuable minerals and converting mine waste into a resource with market value. However, university-developed technological innovations to long-term environmental problems can be difficult to transfer to the mining industry. This paper focuses on the barriers and enablers to technology transfer in the South African mining industry using the valorization of coal processing waste as a case study. Data and information derived from interviews with relevant experts and published literature were used to gain a better understanding of the landscape of waste valorization technology implementation. Results indicated that financial considerations and demonstration of technical feasibility will be vital in determining the success of technology transfer, as will a changing perception of waste and its value within the sector. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and boutique waste processors were identified as potential commercial partners for further development and commercial implementation of university-developed waste valorization technologies within the mining sector.

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Nancucheo, Ivan, and D. Barrie Johnson. "Characteristics of an Iron-Reducing, Moderately Acidophilic Actinobacterium Isolated from Pyritic Mine Waste, and Its Potential Role in Mitigating Mineral Dissolution in Mineral Tailings Deposits." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070990.

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Reactive pyritic mine tailings can be populated by chemolithotrophic prokaryotes that enhance the solubilities of many metals, though iron-reducing heterotrophic microorganisms can inhibit the environmental risk posed by tailings by promoting processes that are the reverse of those carried out by pyrite-oxidising autotrophic bacteria. A strain (IT2) of Curtobacterium ammoniigenes, a bacterium not previously identified as being associated with acidic mine wastes, was isolated from pyritic mine tailings and partially characterized. Strain IT2 was able to reduce ferric iron under anaerobic conditions, but was not found to catalyse the oxidation of ferrous iron or elemental (zero-valent) sulfur, and was an obligate heterotrophic. It metabolized monosaccharides and required small amounts of yeast extract for growth. Isolate IT2 is a mesophilic bacterium, with a temperature growth optimum of 30 °C and is moderately acidophilic, growing optimally at pH 4.0 and between pH 2.7 and 5.0. The isolate tolerated elevated concentrations of many transition metals, and was able to grow in the cell-free spent medium of the acidophilic autotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, supporting the hypothesis that it can proliferate in acidic mine tailings. Its potential role in mitigating the production of acidic, metal-rich drainage waters from mine wastes is discussed.

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Shum, M., and L. Lavkulich. "Speciation and solubility relationships of Al, Cu and Fe in solutions associated with sulfuric acid leached mine waste rock." Environmental Geology 38, no. 1 (June 22, 1999): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050401.

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Kodzhebash, Alina. "Problems of regulation of transport and logistics processes of responsible waste management in Ukraine." Economics ecology socium 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.1-7.

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Introduction. Control of waste management is a complex process that involves organizational-economic and economic-environmental components that are directly or indirectly related to the production and consumption of products, supply of raw materials, natural resources, related information and financial flows, etc. Transport and logistics occupy a special place among them, because of the specifics of waste as an object of management, as well as related issues of environmental pollution and the impact on the health of the population. Transport-logistics approaches are needed to allow the use of appropriate management levers and instruments aimed at solving a complex issue when production and associated material flows are considered in close connection with the movement of waste generated during production and consumption. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual approach to the management of transport-logistics processes in the field of responsible waste management on the basis of analysis of economic-ecological and organizational issues, and prospects of its development in Ukraine. Results. As a result of the research, it has been determined that reversible logistics is a means of achieving positive ecological-economic efficiency, the feasibility of which, first and foremost, of the transport component is confirmed by the fact that in the long run, Ukraine can significantly reduce the level of environmental pollution caused by the formation and placement of waste, but the volume of emissions in the transport sector will increase. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the role of goal-setting functions and coordination of actions in the field of waste management; the main goal at the same time is to increase the ecological-economic efficiency of processes associated with transportation, as well as sorting, storage and disposal of household and industrial waste. This principle is the basis for integrating transport-logistics operations into a waste management system, the main elements of which are management functions and associated environmental-economic instruments for influencing waste management processes. The subsystem of ecological management within the framework of the waste management system, in particular, its transport-logistic component, which forms the ecological policy at micro and macro levels, deserves special attention; and is an effective instrument for implementing the concept of motivated liability. Conclusions. In the field of waste management, one of the top priorities is the task of increasing the role of transport logistics. Solving the problem of managing transport-logistics processes of responsible waste management is seen in two aspects: integration of the transport-logistics system into the waste management system at the territorial level; creating an economic space for mutually agreed solutions to issues of transportation and other logistics waste operations. This conceptual approach will create competitive conditions for the subjects of environmental-economic activities, which initiate the responsible management of waste in aspects of their transportation, sorting, utilization, etc. in accordance with ISO standards in the areas of waste and transport management and the environmental management system.

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Chen, Ying-Chu, and Pei-Yi Tsai. "Evaluating the operational risks of biomedical waste using failure mode and effects analysis." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (April 21, 2017): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17700717.

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The potential problems and risks of biomedical waste generation have become increasingly apparent in recent years. This study applied a failure mode and effects analysis to evaluate the operational problems and risks of biomedical waste. The microbiological contamination of biomedical waste seldom receives the attention of researchers. In this study, the biomedical waste lifecycle was divided into seven processes: Production, classification, packaging, sterilisation, weighing, storage, and transportation. Twenty main failure modes were identified in these phases and risks were assessed based on their risk priority numbers. The failure modes in the production phase accounted for the highest proportion of the risk priority number score (27.7%). In the packaging phase, the failure mode ‘sharp articles not placed in solid containers’ had the highest risk priority number score, mainly owing to its high severity rating. The sterilisation process is the main difference in the treatment of infectious and non-infectious biomedical waste. The failure modes in the sterilisation phase were mainly owing to human factors (mostly related to operators). This study increases the understanding of the potential problems and risks associated with biomedical waste, thereby increasing awareness of how to improve the management of biomedical waste to better protect workers, the public, and the environment.

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Keene, John H. "Medical Waste: A Minimal Hazard." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 11 (November 1991): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646266.

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Healthcare providers need to be aware of the facts regarding the environmental impact of regulated medical wastes and be prepared to voice concern over unnecessary and costly regulations. The wash-ups of waste, a small percentage of which was medical waste, on the beaches on New York and New Jersey in the summers of 1987 and 1988 prompted an immediate response by state and federal governments. Although it was demonstrated that this medical waste did not originate in healthcare facilities,' the public demanded that their elected representatives do something about what they perceived to be the degradation of the environment and a risk to public health caused by “uncontrolled dumping” of “medical wastes” into the ocean. As a result of these and other occurrences, several environmental concerns regarding the treatment and disposal of medical waste were voiced by the public and acknowledged by the legislators. These included the following: aesthetic damage to the environment; potential public health problems associated with infectious agents in medical waste; and potential environmental contamination with hazardous chemicals and radioactivity associated with medical wastes.

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Koenig, A., and W. C. Yiu. "Waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0070.

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This paper reports the results of an extensive investigation on the waste management in Hong Kong abattoirs with the following objectives: (i) to identify the existing waste management practices in relation to sources and quantity of wastes generated, methods of storage and handling of wastes, any in-house treatment, and final disposal of wastes, (ii) to identify the problems of existing waste management practices, and (iii) to evaluate the future development. To obtain up-to-date data and reliable information, site visits were conducted and the management of the abattoirs were interviewed in detail about the operation and waste management practices. For each abattoir and one associated by-product plant, detailed material balances were established for liquid and solid wastes. Complete quantitative results on waste loads, water consumption and material/waste flows are presented. Operational problems regarding wastewater treatment, as well as waste reduction and potential for reuse or recycle of solid wastes are discussed in the context of Hong Kong. Finally, information on the proposed new slaughterhouse (design capacity 5000 pigs and 400 cattle daily) is provided which will include a novel underground wastewater treatment plant.

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Li, Jia, Siqi Zhang, Qi Wang, Wen Ni, Keqing Li, Pingfeng Fu, Wentao Hu, and Zifu Li. "Feasibility of using fly ash–slag-based binder for mine backfilling and its associated leaching risks." Journal of Hazardous Materials 400 (December 2020): 123191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123191.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental problems associated with mine waste'

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