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1
Harvey, Nick. "Energy Related Projects and Environmental Impact Legislation in South Australia." Energy & Environment 5, no. 4 (December 1994): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x9400500401.
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Australian projects designed for the production, distribution and use of energy are generally governed by specific legislation within individual States, mostly for the promotion and regulation of resource development. These projects are also subject to environmental protection provisions in Commonwealth and State legislation, in particular environmental impact assessment legislation, which has a much longer history than in Europe. This paper examines the application of the Commonwealth and the South Australian environmental impact assessment legislation to South Australian energy related projects, focusing on the period from 1982–1993. The paper notes the importance of the State government and its instrumentalities in all major energy supply and energy use projects. The paper also notes that significant energy related projects are subject to public scrutiny through the environmental impact assessment process in South Australia but that key energy policy decisions which may also have significant impacts are not subject to the same public scrutiny. The paper concludes by canvassing strategic environmental assessment options as an alternative to project based assessment for energy related projects.
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FIELKE, SIMON J., and DOUGLAS K. BARDSLEY. "A Brief Political History of South Australian Agriculture." Rural History 26, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679331400017x.
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Abstract:This paper aims to explain why South Australian agricultural land use is focused on continually increasing productivity, when the majority of produce is exported, at the long-term expense of agriculturally-based communities and the environment. A historical analysis of literature relevant to the agricultural development of South Australia is used chronologically to report aspects of the industry that continue to cause concerns in the present day. The historically dominant capitalist socio-economic system and ‘anthropocentric’ world views of farmers, politicians, and key stakeholders have resulted in detrimental social, environmental and political outcomes. Although recognition of the environmental impacts of agricultural land use has increased dramatically since the 1980s, conventional productivist, export oriented farming still dominates the South Australian landscape. A combination of market oriented initiatives and concerned producers are, however, contributing to increasing the recognition of the environmental and social outcomes of agricultural practice and it is argued here that South Australia has the opportunity to value multifunctional land use more explicitly via innovative policy.
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MAMOUNEY, LOUISA. "SHIFTING USE OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA, 1979–2010." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 16, no. 01 (March 2014): 1450006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333214500069.
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It is generally accepted that choice and use of environmental policy instruments has changed over recent decades, however this has rarely been investigated empirically. A quantitative analysis of 505 policy instruments to address environmental problems between 1979–2010 in New South Wales, Australia, was undertaken to explore this further, in a jurisdiction reasonably typical of advanced economies. The data do show a shift in the use of instrument types, with the most common type of policy instrument being regulation. However, there was no trend away from regulation as a way of delivering policy outcomes, but a relative strengthening in the importance of newer policy instrument types such as strategy, education, incentives and schemes, compared with foundation policy types including regulation and land reservation. Foundation policies dominated the earlier years and provided significant structural elements of the policy system, including setting up organisations, assigning roles and responsibilities and prescribing rules. The political party holding government at the time does not drive the selection of policy instruments. The methods in this paper could be applied in other jurisdictions or to other policy areas.
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Price, Kay. "Understanding Life Transitions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 12, no. 2 (2006): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py06017.
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I wanted to share with readers the outcomes of a research project I have been involved with. It was funded by a three-year nationally competitive discovery grant (2003-2005) from the Australian Research Council (ARC [DP 0346092]). This was a collaborative project between the Research Unit, Royal District Nursing Services, South Australia and University of South Australia, School of Nursing and Midwifery.
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Evans, Megan C. "Deforestation in Australia: drivers, trends and policy responses." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 2 (2016): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15052.
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Australia’s terrestrial environment has been dramatically modified since European colonisation. Deforestation – the clearing and modification of native forest for agricultural, urban and industrial development – remains a significant threat to Australia’s biodiversity. Substantial policy reform over the last 40 years has delivered a range of policy instruments aimed to control deforestation across all Australian States and Territories. Despite these policy efforts – as well as strong governance and high institutional capacity – deforestation rates in Australia were nonetheless globally significant at the turn of this century. Legislation introduced in Queensland and New South Wales during the mid-2000s was at the time seen to have effectively ended broad-scale clearing; however, recent policy changes have raised concerns that Australia may again become a global hotspot for deforestation. Here, I describe the deforestation trends, drivers and policy responses in Australia over the last four decades. Using satellite imagery of forest cover and deforestation events across Australia between 1972 and 2014, I present a comprehensive analysis of deforestation rates at a fine resolution. I discuss trends in deforestation with reference to the institutional, macroeconomic and environmental conditions that are associated with human-induced forest loss in Australia. I provide a detailed history and critique of the native vegetation policies introduced across Australia over the last 40 years, including recent legislative amendments and reviews. Finally, I comment on future prospects for curbing deforestation in Australia, including the role of incentive-based policies such as carbon farming, private land conservation and biodiversity offsets. Despite being a highly active policy space, very little is known of the effectiveness of policy responses to deforestation in Australia, and whether the recent shift away from ‘command and control’ policies will necessarily lead to better outcomes. My analysis demonstrates the need for an effective policy mix to curb deforestation in Australia, including a greater focus on monitoring, evaluation and policy learning.
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Ahammed, A. K. M. Rafique, and Bronte Merrick Nixon. "Environmental impact monitoring in the EIA process of South Australia." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 26, no. 5 (July 2006): 426–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2005.09.002.
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Henry, Julianne, Pip McGowan, and Cheryl Brown. "A survey of environmental DNA in South Australia Police facilities." Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 5 (December 2015): e465-e466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.184.
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M. Wallace, Euan. "Prenatal Screening Strategies for Down Syndrome: Many Options but Few Answers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 3 (1998): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98053.
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Down syndrome is the single most common cause of severe mental handicap in Australia. Prenatal screening for Down syndrome is therefore an important component of modern antenatal care. However, while effective second trimester serum screening for Down syndrome has been available in Australia for almost a decade it appears that the majority of Australian women, particularly those outside South Australia and New South Wales, are still not offered it. Newer methods of screening have been recently described and are already being offered in routine clinical practice. These methods, including nuchal translucency, will afford results earlier in pregnancy than second trimester serum screening and so are attractive to women. However, available evidence suggests that nuchal translucency may not perform as well as second trimester serum screening and further evaluation of the newer screening strategies in an Australian population is urgently required. Alteration of practice prior to such an evaluation is simply not warranted at this time.
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Bernard, Diana, Susan Kippax, and Don Baxter. "Effective partnership and adequate investment underpin a successful response: key factors in dealing with HIV increases." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07078.
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Background: Australia has mounted an effective response to HIV and AIDS by investing in evidence-informed policy. Recently, in response to increases in HIV in some states in Australia, the New South Wales Department of Health set up a ‘think tank’ to examine differences in epidemiological and behavioural data, policies, strategies and community responses in order to account for state-based differences and ensure an effective ongoing response to HIV. Methods: The National Centre in HIV Social Research undertook key informant interviews with major stakeholders to help understand differences in responses by the three states most affected by HIV in Australia – Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. In parallel, the Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations completed an analysis of the investments in HIV-prevention activities targeting gay men in all jurisdictions in Australia. The Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations also analysed the strategic contexts and government responses to HIV in the three states. Results: There were significant differences between New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria in the way the HIV partnership functions. Type of prevention strategy and level of financial investment in prevention activities appear to be related to the effectiveness of the ongoing response to HIV. Conclusions: An active commitment to and adequate resourcing of HIV prevention by all stakeholders in the HIV partnership – government and non-government departments, researchers and gay community organisations – is crucial if Australia is to respond effectively to HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men.
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Mamouney, Louisa. "The changing nature of the environmental policy agenda in New South Wales, Australia, 1979–2010." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 146–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2017.1313177.
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Jessup, Brad, and David Mercer. "Energy Policy in Australia: A comparison of environmental considerations in New South Wales and Victoria." Australian Geographer 32, no. 1 (February 2001): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180020036222.
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Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins, and Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex." Sexual Health 15, no. 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.
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Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to estimate date of infection. Place of exposure for Australian-born people was estimated based on self-report. Factors associated with place of HIV acquisition, advanced infection and newly acquired infection were explored among migrants and among Australian-born people. Results: Between July 1996 and June 2014, there were 821 new non-MSM HIV diagnoses. Most (58%) were migrants, and of these, half (54%) were estimated to have acquired HIV before migration. Among Australian-born people, 27% reported exposure likely occurring abroad; the majority of these were men who reported exposure in South-East Asia. Advanced infection was common in migrants (45%) and Australian-born people (35%). Among migrants, birth in South-East Asia was associated with increased odds of advanced infection. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential vulnerability of migrants after arrival in Australia, especially those from South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and that of Australian-born men travelling to these regions. Public health practice must be strengthened to meet prevention needs of these populations in line with Australian policy.
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Baum, Fran, and Paul Butler. "Health and the New World Order: An International Conference in South Africa and its Implications for Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 3 (1997): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97016.
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In January 1997, 400 delegates from more than 20 countries gathered in Cape Town at an International Conference focusing on the impact of the new world economic order on health and health care. The themes of the conference were: (i) challenges facing Primary Health Care (ii) Health for All - innovative local programs and global strategies (iii) The Global Crisis - economic structural adjustment programs and environmental destruction, and (iv) the World Bank - 'Investing in Health' or prescription for under-development? In this paper some of the proceedings and outcomes from the Conference are described and some of the implications for Australia discussed. The issues include wealth and racism as major public health issues in Australia; Australian Aid funding; how to maintain the principles of primary health care; and the importance of global progressive networks in an era of multi-national companies.
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Paton-Walsh, Clare, Peter Rayner, Jack Simmons, Sonya L. Fiddes, Robyn Schofield, Howard Bridgman, Stephanie Beaupark, et al. "A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120774.
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This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia’s national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 concentrations.
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Young, Michael D., and Darla Hatton MacDonald. "An opportunity to improve water trading in the South East Catchment of South Australia." Water Policy 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0008.
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This paper outlines how an area-based water allocation system for irrigating crops could be converted to a system of shares, structured so as to allow the development of a low cost trading market for water and salinity shares. It stresses the need for separation of entitlements of water from land and the separation of water rights into their various components. By moving to this type of allocation system, combined with some safeguard provisions, trade in groundwater could be facilitated in the South East Water Catchment located in the State of South Australia. Separation of salinity and other environmental impacts from water volume trading will allow market assessment of highest and best use to include consideration of environmental impacts. Although the focus of the paper is on groundwater allocation and management, the principles and concepts outlined are applicable to surface water systems.
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Fudge, Elizabeth. "When I'm 64' Public Policy Influences on Wellbeing in Retirement." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 3 (1997): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97020.
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Findings from a qualitative study of recently retired non-professional men in the southern metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia, highlighted policies that contributed to the men's feelings of increased autonomy and acceptance of retirement as a life stage; factors they related strongly to their experience of wellbeing in retirement. The policies aimed for full employment, high levels of home ownership, financial security in retirement, centralised wage fixing, high minimum wages and optional retirement age. However, the discourse of economic rationalism of Australian governments since the late 1980s appears to be placing many of these policies in jeopardy. Health workers are in a prime position to review, report and act on the effects on the health of citizens of such major policy changes. This article challenges them to do so in collaboration with the communities with whom they work.
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Schneider, P., A. Davison, A. Langdon, G. Freeman, C. Essery, R. Beatty, and P. Toop. "Integrated water cycle planning for towns in New South Wales, Australia." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0675.
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Integration means different things to different people and as a consequence appears to only partially deliver on promised outcomes. For effective integrated water cycle management these outcomes should include improved water use efficiency, less waste, environmental sustainability, and provide secure and reliable supply to meet social and economic needs. The objective of integration is the management and combination of all these outcomes as part of a whole, so as to provide better outcomes than would be expected by managing the parts independently. Integration is also a consequence of the Water Reforms embarked on by the NSW State Government in 1995. The key goals of the reforms are clean and healthy rivers and groundwaters, and the establishment of more secure water entitlements for users. They are also essential for meeting the Council of Australian Government (COAG) water management strategies. The policies and guidelines that formed the NSW Water Reforms were the basis of the Water Management Act 2000 (NSW) (WMA) which is the legislative framework for water management in NSW. The NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation has developed an approach to integrated water cycle management for rural centres in NSW based on a catchment and policy context. This approach includes consideration of catchment wide needs and issues, environmental sustainability, government policy and community objectives in the development of an integrated water cycle plan. The approach provides for a transparent assessment of priorities and how to deal with them, and while specific to urban centres, could easily be expanded for use in the management of the whole of the catchment water cycle. Integration of the water cycle is expected to offer benefits to the local environment, community and economy. For instance, any unused proportion of an urban centre's water entitlement, or an offset against this entitlement created through returned flows (such as via good quality sewage effluent discharge to a river), can provide a surplus which is available to be traded on an annual basis. Further, improved demand management within an urban centre can be expected to result in a reduction in abstraction against the licence entitlement. This may result in the increased availability of in-stream water for environmental or other purposes and is expected to increase the economic value of returned water. Improved water use efficiencies are also expected to result in reduced capital works (and their associated costs) as the efficiency of service delivery and resource use improves. In this paper an example of the application of this process is provided and the outcomes discussed.
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Mullan, Leanne, Karen Wynter, Andrea Driscoll, and Bodil Rasmussen. "Barriers and enablers to providing preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care: a qualitative study of primary care healthcare professionals' perceptions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 4 (2021): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20235.
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This study explored the perceived healthcare system and process barriers and enablers experienced by GPs and Credentialled Diabetes Educators (CDEs) in Australian primary care, in the delivery of preventative and early intervention foot care to people with diabetes. A qualitative design with inductive analysis approach was utilised and reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two GPs and 14 CDEs from rural, urban and metropolitan areas of Australia. Participants were from New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland. Barriers to providing foot care constituted five broad themes: (1) lack of access to footcare specialists and services; (2) education and training insufficiencies; (3) human and physical resource limitations related to funding inadequacies; (4) poor care integration such as inadequate communication and feedback across services and disciplines, and ineffectual multidisciplinary care; and (5) deficient footcare processes and guidelines including ambiguous referral pathways. Enablers to foot care were found at opposing ends of the same spectra as the identified barriers or were related to engaging in mentorship programs and utilising standardised assessment tools. This is the first Australian study to obtain information from GPs and CDEs about the perceived barriers and enablers influencing preventative and early intervention diabetes-related foot care. Findings offer an opportunity for the development and translation of effective intervention strategies across health systems, policy, funding, curriculum and clinical practice, in order to improve outcomes for people with diabetes.
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Dew, Angela, Gisselle Gallego, Kim Bulkeley, Craig Veitch, Jennie Brentnall, Michelle Lincoln, Anita Bundy, and Scott Griffiths. "Policy Development and Implementation for Disability Services in Rural New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities 11, no. 3 (September 2014): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12088.
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Stone, M. J. "CONTRIBUTING TO APEA'S RESPONSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES — THE NEED FOR SHARING MEMBER COMPANIES' EXPERIENCE AND EXPERTISE." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86006.
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In early 1986 the APEA Environmental Affairs Committee developed an environmental policy to provide a framework for the Association's response on environmental issues which affect the petroleum industry. To fulfil the aims of this document there is a need for member companies to assist the committee in addressing and promoting the industry's environmental management aims. Environment is defined in broad terms in current legislation. To embrace this definition, APEA must adopt a position that reflects the industry's desire to be represented at the policy review stages of such environmental issues as land use proposals. Since 1971 only eight papers in the APEA Journal have addressed environmental issues. Companies have generally not shared or promoted their individual responses to such issues, although there would be value to the industry as a whole through identifying and discussing environmental management expertise and experience within APEA. Two examples of environmental management practice applied by CSR in Delhi Petroleum's activities in South Australia and Queensland are discussed: a demonstration seismic line within the Witjira National Park, South Australia and the use of rollers for seismic line preparation. Similar examples can probably be identified for all member companies. In generating a pool of operational examples, APEA might better represent the industry's ability and record in this field to governments and to the general public.
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Thompson, Kirrilly, Joshua Trigg, and Bradley Smith. "Animal Ownership Among Vulnerable Populations in Regional South Australia." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 23, no. 1 (2017): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000416.
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Buchanan, Fiona. "Zero Tolerance in South Australia: A Statewide Community Initiative." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 1 (1996): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96013.
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The Zero Tolerance Campaign against violence to women and children is a hard hitting, controversial campaign designed to raise public awareness and provoke debate about male abuse of power in the areas of domestic violence, rape and sexual assault, and child sexual abuse. Zero Tolerance is also an example of best practice in cross sectoral co-operation. The campaign comprises a statewide initiative involving the Health Promotion Unit of the South Australian Health Commission, the Domestic Violence Resource Unit, Family and Community Services, community health workers and local community action groups throughout the state. The process of bringing together a wide range of individuals from very different backgrounds and differing perspectives to work collaboratively on a controversial, innovative project led to extensive examination and defining of the issues involved. The planning process included a microcosm of the debate which Zero Tolerance intends to generate in the community. Resolution of the issues raised, employed many of the strategies developed and identified as best practice in the field of primary health care. The paper explores the challenges and rewards in the context of working collaboratively through the planning of a controversial initiative and identifies the merits of a campaign which has built on a diverse range of knowledge. Zero Tolerance, as a campaign, has the scope to be adapted in a variety of culturally and socially diverse initiatives as it becomes identified as an example of international best practice developed to stop violence against women and children.
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Coombs, Carolyn. "The Sociological Implications of Voluntary Redundancy: The South Australian Experience." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 1 (1998): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98003.
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The experience of voluntary redundancy on the current scale is fairly new in Australia and its impact on workers and society is only just beginning to be observed and interpreted. Under the economic rationalist policies of successive federal governments which promoted a free market economy driven by privatisation, deregulation and de-institutionalisation, Australia has undergone considerable structural change in the 1990s. This change has been marked by government-supported labour restructuring, within both the private and public sectors of industry. The purpose of the study was to explore the concept of voluntary redundancy, whether mature-aged workers were being targeted, and the sociological implications of voluntary redundancy for workers in South Australia.
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Short, Stephanie Doris, Hyo-Young Lee, Mi-Joung Lee, Eunok Park, and Farah Purwaningrum. "The Case for a Reciprocal Health Care Agreement between Australia and South Korea." Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24083/apjhm.v16i1.505.
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Objectives: This study presents the case for a reciprocal health care agreement (RHCA) between Australia and South Korea. Design and Setting: The research utilised a qualitative social scientific methodology. Document analysis was conducted on government reports, official statistics and media articles in English and Korean. Main outcomes: In Australia, the Health Insurance Act 1973 enables health care agreements with 11 nations, however, Korea has no similar legislation in place. Therefore, Korea would need to build a broader consensus on the need for a RHCA in full, based on the precedent of Australia's agreements with other nations, as well as on the Korean Pension Act, which has enabled reciprocal (equal treatment among the countries) pension agreements with 28 nations through an exceptive clause. Results: The active government commitment and involvement of the Ministry of Health and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Australia, and of the Ministry of Health & Welfare and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in South Korea, would be essential for a successful RHCA process to come to fruition. Conclusions: While a potential health care agreement between Australia and Korea would constitute a significant step forward in strengthening people-to-people links between these two significant trading partners in the spirit of health diplomacy, the feasibility at the current time is very low indeed.
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Ronnau, Peggy, Arthur Papakotsias, and Glen Tobias. ""Not for" sector in community mental health care defines itself and strives for quality." Australian Journal of Primary Health 14, no. 2 (2008): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py08025.
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This paper briefly describes the history and service context of the Psychiatric Disability Rehabilitation and Support sector (PDRSS) in Victoria, and, to a lesser extent, in New South Wales, South Australia and Western Australia. In describing the sector we will call upon the experience of a particular PDRSS - Neami - in operating and developing services, and the challenges it faced in establishing a culture of quality that directly improves consumer outcomes. Elements of this experience may serve as a guide in the development of mental health service policy at state and federal level.
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Goller, Jane L., Jacqueline Coombe, Christopher Bourne, Deborah Bateson, Meredith Temple-Smith, Jane Tomnay, Alaina Vaisey, et al. "Patient-delivered partner therapy for chlamydia in Australia: can it become part of routine care?" Sexual Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh20024.
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Abstract Background Patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT) is a method for an index patient to give treatment for genital chlamydia to their sexual partner(s) directly. In Australia, PDPT is considered suitable for heterosexual partners of men and women, but is not uniformly endorsed. We explored the policy environment for PDPT in Australia and considered how PDPT might become a routine option. Methods: Structured interviews were conducted with 10 key informants (KIs) representing six of eight Australian jurisdictions and documents relevant to PDPT were appraised. Interview transcripts and documents were analysed together, drawing on KIs’ understanding of their jurisdiction to explore our research topics, namely the current context for PDPT, challenges, and actions needed for PDPT to become routine. Results: PDPT was allowable in three jurisdictions (Victoria, New South Wales, Northern Territory) where State governments have formally supported PDPT. In three jurisdictions (Western Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania), KIs viewed PDPT as potentially allowable under relevant prescribing regulations; however, no guidance was available. Concern about antimicrobial stewardship precluded PDPT inclusion in the South Australian strategy. For Queensland, KIs viewed PDPT as not allowable under current prescribing regulations and, although a Medicine and Poisons Act was passed in 2019, it is unclear if PDPT will be possible under new regulations. Clarifying the doctor–partner treating relationship and clinical guidance within a care standard were viewed as crucial for PDPT uptake, irrespective of regulatory contexts. Conclusion: Endorsement and guidance are essential so doctors can confidently and routinely offer PDPT in respect to professional standards and regulatory requirements.
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Pooley, Kamarah, and Claire E. Ferguson. "Using environmental criminology theories to compare ‘youth misuse of fire’ across age groups in New South Wales." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865815596794.
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Youth misuse of fire is a substantive community concern. Despite evidence which indicates youths account for a significant proportion of all deliberately lit fires within Australia, an absence of up-to-date, contextually specific research means the exact scope and magnitude of youth misuse of fire within Australia remains unknown. Despite research suggesting commonalities exist between youth misuse of fire and juvenile offending more broadly, misuse of fire is rarely explained using criminological theory. In light of this gap, a descriptive analysis of youth misuse of fire within New South Wales was performed. Routine Activity Theory and Crime Pattern Theory were tested to explain differences in misuse of fire across age groups. Results suggest these environmental theories offer useful frameworks for explaining youth misuse of fire in New South Wales. It is argued that the Routine Activity Theory and Crime Pattern Theory can be employed to better inform youth misuse of fire policy and prevention efforts.
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Rissel, Chris. "A Communitarian Correction for Health Outcomes in New South Wales?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 2 (1996): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96027.
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For over a decade, there has been a growing focus on health outcomes in the Australian health care system at a national and state level. Designed to improve population health, health outcomes programs are an attempt to re-orient health services. In Australia, New South Wales (NSW) is probably the most advanced state in implementing a health outcomes approach. What is the role of communities in the model of health outcomes proposed by the NSW Health Department? A theoretical perspective of 'community' is presented, which is then used to analyse major policy documents and publications from the NSW Department of Health that advance a health outcomes approach. The interface between health services and communities is particularly important from the perspective of NSW Health Areas and Districts which must implement programs to improve the health outcomes of the communities in their catchment areas. The contribution to improved health outcomes that is possible by working with communities should not be lost in any re-orientation of health services.
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Caplehorn, John R. M., and Robert G. Batey. "Methadone Maintenance in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 3 (July 1992): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200314.
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The history of methadone treatment in Australia has been and continues to be marked by conflict between two competing aims: harm minimisation and abstinence. The two approaches tend to be associated with high dose-long term and low dose-short term treatment, respectively. Most programmes fail to provide adequate ancillary services, often to the detriment of patient outcome. Despite chronic under-funding, a relative lack of staff training and, in some states, the absence of a system of clinical accountability, Australian methadone services have grown significantly in the last decade. Factors influencing the growth of programmes have been described using the New South Wales programme as the example as it represents the largest and most complex programme in the country. Current problems and the impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus on policy development are highlighted.
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Williams, Peter John, and Angelique Mary Williams. "Sustainability and planning law in Australia: achievements and challenges." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-06-2016-0008.
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Purpose Since 1992, all levels of government in Australia have pursued a policy of ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Crafted in response to the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 report Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report), the principles contained in the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development have been progressively implemented at the national, state and local levels of government. The purpose of this paper is not only to track the implementation of these principles, through both policy and law in Australia, but also to highlight recent challenges to the concept of ESD using the state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study. Design/methodology/approach Beginning with a description of the Australian concept of ESD, this paper first examines the implementation of ESD through both policy and legislation at the national level. The state of NSW is then selected for more detailed assessment, with examples of key State government legislation and court decisions considered. Equal emphasis is placed on both the achievements in ESD policy development and implementation through legislation, statutory planning procedures and litigation, as well as the challenges that have confronted the pursuit of ESD in NSW. Findings Since its introduction in 1992, the concept of ESD has matured into a key guiding principle for development and environmental decision-making in Australia. However, in recent years, ESD has been the target of significant challenge by some areas of government. Noteworthy among these challenges has been a failed attempt by the NSW Government to introduce new planning legislation which sought to replace ESD with the arguably weaker concept of “sustainable development”. Apparent from this episode is strong community and institutional support for robust sustainability provisions “manifested through ESD” within that State’s statutory planning system. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implementation of ESD in Australia within both a broader international context of sustainable development and specific instances of domestic interpretation and application. It extends this analysis by examining recent public policy attempts to reposition sustainability in the context of statutory planning system reform in NSW.
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Walker, Kim. "The Teaching and Learning of Environmental Education in N.S.W. Primary Schools: A Case Study." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 11 (1995): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003013.
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The aim of the doctoral study outlined in this paper is to contribute to the improvement of teaching and learning of environmental education. The significance of environmental education as a strategy to address environmental problems has been documented widely in Australia and overseas. This study shows that as a strategy to solve such problems its success so far has been questionable.The study assumes that there is a problem in the teaching and learning of environmental education and that the policy document, Environmental Education Curriculum Statement K-12 (New South Wales Department of Education, 1989) has not been adequately implemented.
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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Carol Grbich, and Jennifer Watson. "Older Aboriginal Women's Experiences of Medications in Urban South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, no. 4 (1998): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98057.
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Older women are more likely to live alone in poverty than others in the community. They are also likely to maintain their independence well into older life. Recent Australian research into women's health issues has not investigated older women's direct experiences associated with their medication use, or any related interactions with health professionals such as general practitioners, pharmacists or registered nurses. This is despite significant funding, policy and research in most other areas of women's health in the 1990s. Similarly, the medication experiences of older Aboriginal women have been neglected. This paper reports on a cohort of older Aboriginal women (N-10) from a recent South Australian qualitative study into medication use of diverse groups of older women (N-142). In-depth, semi-structured, face to face interviews were conducted, predominantly in participants' suburban homes, and in a community setting. Thematic analysis of the data was undertaken, and comparisons were made with other cohorts in the overall study. Results showed that the experiences and perspectives of the urban Aboriginal women highlighted their connectedness with family, services and community, and that this was largely due to their access to particular Aboriginal services, and to indigenous cultural affiliations and practices. Despite this connectedness, and regular contact with general practitioners and pharmacists, there were significant deficits in their knowledge and skills in managing their medication. It became clear that there is an urgent need for culturally safe medication information, education and support for older Aboriginal women. There is also an urgent need for better education, training and support of all health workers who have critical roles and responsibilities in assisting this group in the community.
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Chandra, Meena, Anthea Duri, and Mitchell Smith. "Prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in 35- to 44-year-old humanitarian arrivals to New South Wales (NSW), Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18042.
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The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in humanitarian arrivals to Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) with the Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations aged 35–44 years. Data on risk factors collected from 237 refugees presenting to the NSW Refugee Health Service (RHS) from January 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively analysed and compared with data from the Australian Health Surveys, 2011–13 for the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian populations. This study found significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=3; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); hypertension (z=3.2; 95% CI, 0.17–0.29); and smoking (z=3.5; 95% CI, 0.27–0.33) in refugees compared with the general Australian population. The Indigenous population had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=4; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); body mass indexes (BMIs) (z=3.3; 95% CI 0.58–0.72); and smoking (z=5.4; 95 CI 0.27–0.33) compared with refugees. Based on the study findings, screening for chronic disease risk factors from age 35 years may be warranted in all humanitarian arrivals to Australia, along with dietary and lifestyle advice.
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Rodger, D., A. Skuse, M. Wilmore, S. Humphreys, J. Dalton, M. Flabouris, and V. L. Clifton. "Pregnant women’s use of information and communications technologies to access pregnancy-related health information in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 4 (2013): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13029.
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This paper examines how pregnant women living in South Australia use information and communication technologies (ICTs), principally Internet and mobile phones, to access pregnancy-related information. It draws on 35 semistructured interviews conducted as part of the ‘Health-e Baby’ project, a qualitative study designed to assess the information needs and ICT preferences of pregnant women cared for at a South Australian metropolitan teaching hospital. Our research shows that although ICTs offer exciting possibilities for health promotion and the potential for new forms of communication, networking and connection, we cannot assume the effectiveness of communicating through such channels, despite near universal levels of ICT access. In turn, this highlights that if e-mediated health promotion is to be effective, health promoters and practitioners need to better understand ICT access, usage and content preferences of their clients.
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A. McAlpine, C., A. Peterson, and P. Norman. "The South East Queensland Forests Agreement: Lessons for Biodiversity Conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 11, no. 1 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc050003.
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In Australia, regional forest agreements formed the cornerstone of strategies for resolving disputes over the logging of native forests in the last decade of the twentieth century. These disputes, driven by an increasingly vocal and influential conservation movement, coincided with changes in the nature of relationships between Commonwealth and State Governments, with the Commonwealth adopting an increasing role in environmental management (Lane 1999). Following very public disputes about the renewal of export woodchip licenses from native forests (which culminated in log truck blockades of the Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra), the Commonwealth Government adopted regional forest agreements as the mechanism for achieving sustainable management of Australia?s native hardwood forests. This was underpinned by the National Forest Policy Statement (Commonwealth of Australia 1992), which outlined principles for ecologically sustainable management of the nation?s production forests. The Commonwealth and several State Governments reached agreement to develop regional forest agreements (RFAs) for the long-term management and use of forests in ten regions (Fig. 1) (Commonwealth of Australia 2004). Key goals of the agreement were to: reconcile competing commercial, ecological and societal demands on forests in a way that was consistent with the principles and goals of ecologically sustainable forest management (Davey et al. 1997, 2002; Lane 1999); and to establish a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system, based on the nationallyagreed JANIS criteria (JANIS 1997).
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Cheng, I.-Hao, Jacquie McBride, Miriam Decker, Therese Watson, Hannah Jakubenko, and Alana Russo. "The Asylum Seeker Integrated Healthcare Pathway: a collaborative approach to improving access to primary health care in South Eastern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18028.
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It is important to address the health needs of asylum seekers within the early stages of their arrival in Australia, as this impacts all aspects of their resettlement. However, asylum seekers face a range of barriers to accessing timely and appropriate health care in the community. In 2012, the increasing number of asylum seekers in Australia placed additional demand on health and social services in high-settlement regions. Health providers experienced a substantial increase in Medicare ineligible clients and avoidable presentations to Emergency Departments, and the health needs of new asylum seeker arrivals were not being fully addressed. In response, South Eastern Melbourne Medicare Local, Monash Health, the Australian Red Cross and local settlement support agencies collaborated to develop an integrated healthcare pathway in South Eastern Melbourne to facilitate healthcare access for asylum seekers released from detention. From September 2012 to December 2014, a total of 951 asylum seekers transitioned through the pathway. Seventy-eight percent required primary healthcare assistance, and were provided with a service appointment within 3 weeks of their arrival in Melbourne. This initiative has demonstrated the value of partnership and collaboration when responding to emergent asylum seeker health needs.
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Gillespie, Rob, and Marit E. Kragt. "Accounting for Nonmarket Impacts in a Benefit-Cost Analysis of Underground Coal Mining in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2012): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/2152-2812.1101.
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Strategic inquiries into coal mining by Australian Governments advocate increased use of comprehensive benefit cost analyses and nonmarket valuation studies when assessing individual project proposals. The study reported in this paper addresses these Government concerns, by integrating results of a choice experiment into a benefit cost analysis undertaken for a Colliery in the Southern Coalfield of New South Wales, Australia. Results of the study were used to aid the State government in evaluating proposals for continued underground coal mining. We show that impacts of mine subsidence on streams, swamps, and Aboriginal sites negatively affect community wellbeing. Social welfare increases with the length of time that the mine provides direct employment. We demonstrate how implicit price estimates from the choice experiment can be incorporated into a benefit cost analysis of continued mining. Benefit cost analyses were carried out for a range of policy scenarios—including policies that would restrict mining activities at the Colliery and protect environmental and cultural features in the Southern Coalfield. Notwithstanding the environmental impacts generated by mining operations, continued mining is shown to be a more economically efficient course of action.
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Kabir, Humayun, Janine Mukuddem-Petersen, and Mark A. Petersen. "Corporate social responsibility motives of Australia and South Africa: a socio-economic perspective." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 1 (2013): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c2art4.
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This study analyses the socio-economic similarities and differences between Australia and South Africa, a developed and developing country, respectively. In particular, we consider the corporate social responsibility motives and mechanisms in lieu of social, economical, cultural and environmental influences in these two countries. The study reveals that, despite some significant similarities, corporate social responsibility values have been constructed with different social, economic and cultural interactions in the aforementioned countries. This is owing to the different socio-economic infrastructure that exists in each country. The study pointed out that it is important for multinational companies and policy makers to understand corporate social responsibility motives of different countries in order to fulfil stakeholders’ demands. Also, taking cognizance of the fact that the stakeholders’ expectations can vary across nations
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Junk, Wolfgang J. "Long-term environmental trends and the future of tropical wetlands." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 4 (December 2002): 414–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000310.
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Tropical wetlands assume important functions in the landscape and contribute considerably to the welfare of large parts of the human population, but they are seriously threatened because they are considered free resources of land and water. This review summarizes long-term environmental trends for tropical wetlands and predicts their future to the time horizon 2025. Many tropical countries do not have the economic strength, scientific and technological capacity, and/or administrative infrastructure to adequately react to the challenges of increasing population pressure and globalization of the economy with respect to the sustainable use of the resources. Furthermore, political instability and armed conflicts affect large areas in several tropical countries, hindering wetland research and management. Detailed wetland inventories are missing in most countries, as are plans for a sustainable management of wetlands in the context of a long-term integrated watershed management. Despite large regional variability, a continental ranking shows, in decreasing order of wetland integrity, South America, Africa, Australia and Asia, while efforts to mitigate human impacts on wetlands are largest and most advanced in Australia. Analysis of demographic, political, economic and ecological trends indicates fairly stable conditions for wetlands in tropical Australia, slight deterioration of the large wetland areas in tropical South America excepting the Magdalena and Cauca River flood plains where human population is larger, rapidly increasing pressure and destruction on many African and Central American wetlands and serious threats for the remaining wetlands in tropical Asia, by the year of 2025. Policy deficiencies, deficient planning concepts, limited information and awareness and institutional weakness are the main administrative reasons for wetland degradation and must be overcome to improve wetland management and protection in future. Intensification of international cooperation and assistance is considered of fundamental importance for most tropical countries to solve problems related to wetland research, protection and sustainable management.
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Baugh Littlejohns, Lori, Fran Baum, Angela Lawless, and Toby Freeman. "Disappearing health system building blocks in the health promotion policy context in South Australia (2003–2013)." Critical Public Health 29, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 228–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2017.1418501.
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Adams, Michael. "Negotiating Nature: Collaboration and Conflict Between Aboriginal and Conservation Interests in New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 20, no. 1 (2004): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600002251.
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AbstractFaced with the paradox of a large global increase in conservation reserves and a simultaneous global decrease in actual effective protection for biodiversity, conservation scientists and policymakers are questioning established conservation theory and practice. I argue that the fundamental premises, the foundational myths, for Western-style conservation also need to be questioned. The statistics on Indigenous land claims, and conservation reserves, in Australia and more specifically the state of New South Wales (NSW), reveal a landscape of policy failure in both arenas. Focusing on Australia, I use spatial analysis and policy histories to demonstrate converging trajectories of land use priorities for conservation needs and Indigenous peoples' needs. This intersection, while generating much potential for conflict, also creates new political landscapes. A combination of spatial and cultural analyses can create a clear picture of new “operational landscapes”, and an understanding of the (sometimes) complementary values of different cultural groups negotiating about these landscapes. From the basis that environmental problems are fundamentally social problems, this paper contributes to explorations of new paradigms supporting new social-ecological relationships, and new relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples.
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de Crespigny, Charlotte, Mette Groenkjaer, Wendy Casey, Helen Murray, and Warren Parfoot. "Racism and Injustice: Urban Aboriginal Women's Experiences when Patronising Licensed Premises in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 1 (2003): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03014.
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This paper presents the findings regarding urban, predominantly young, Aboriginal women's experiences of patronising licensed premises in South Australia. This research aimed to tap new information directly from the experiences of participants who lived in the southern metropolitan region of South Australia. It focused on their experiences of socialising at licensed premises such as pubs and clubs, locally, and in the city of Adelaide. A qualitative research design within the critical social Scientific paradigm was applied using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The recommendations developed from the findings, and the final community report, were developed collaboratively with participants and other Aboriginal women from their local community. Consistent with the experiences of other young non-Aboriginal women in South Australia, as reported by the chief investigator of this study, the findings of this research show that Aboriginal women try to enjoy socialising with friends and family in licensed premises such as pubs and clubs. However, the Aboriginal women were constrained by frequently experiencing racism and injustices when they tried to enter, or when inside, pubs and clubs. Being accused of stealing, prevented from entering or being expelled from venues, racist comments and being subjected to physical violence, conflict with bar and security staff and non-Aboriginal patrons, as well as lack of safety, were some of the issues these Aboriginal women have experienced in licensed premises in urban and suburban South Australia. This research now offers recommendations from the women that call for important changes in policy and service provision that can improve the conditions of Aboriginal women when they are visiting licensed premises.
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Morozow, O. "ACCESS TO LAND FOR EXPLORATION — THE ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE LAND USE PRINCIPLES IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." APPEA Journal 28, no. 1 (1988): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87025.
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The continued access to land for exploration by the petroleum and mineral industries in Australia has been increasingly impeded by State and Commonwealth legislation aimed at dedicating Crown Land for single land uses.In September 1986, South Australia's Minister for Mines and Energy, Ron Payne, announced a Cabinet decision for 'a package of recommendations designed to foster multiple land-use concepts and to ensure that no land is alienated from exploration without careful consideration of the sub-surface mineral/petroleum potential, relevant economic factors and the existing and potential sub-surface rights'.In this one innovative and potentially far-reaching move, the South Australian Government has:provided a framework to reconcile conflicting interests;indicated a willingness to listen and act upon the expressed legitimate concerns of industries of vital economic importance to the State;made it necessary for the proponents of reserve areas such as National Parks to be more accountable and to provide balanced, scientific substantiation;indicated its intention to make legislative changes to allow for the adoption of multiple land-use principles; andredressed the imbalance where, in the words of the Minister, 'Legislation providing for Aboriginal land rights, the creation of national and conservation parks, and State Government heritage areas have, to varying degrees, created unforeseen consequences for the resources industry'.The first practical test of this new Government policy is the proposed declaration of the Innamincka Regional Reserve, currently a 14 000 sq km pastoral lease within some of the most productive areas of PELs 5 & 6 held jointly by Santos Ltd. and Delhi Petroleum Pty. Ltd.It is intended that this new form of reserve will allow for the protection of specific areas of environmental sensitivity and of cultural, scientific and historic value, while still allowing for the continuation of pastoral, tourist and petroleum exploration/ production activity within the major part of the reserve area.
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Smith, Mavis. "Guest Editorial." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 4 (2000): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00029.
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The Second International Primary Health Care 2000 Conference drew together leading policy makers and experienced practitioners from Canada, the United Kingdom, South Africa, New Zealand and all States of Australia to explore primary health care service models and programs emerging in response to the economic and social pressures of the twenty-first century.
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Davis, J. Richard, Trevor F. N. Farley, William J. Young, and Susan M. Cuddy. "The experience of using a decision support system for nutrient management in Australia." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0209.
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Australia experienced an outbreak of algal blooms in the early 1990s that led to a concerted national program to reduce eutrophication. Most Australian States drew up nutrient management strategies which required catchment management groups to produce plans for nutrient reduction within their catchments. Most catchment management groups used the Catchment Management Support System (CMSS) to assist them in the preparation of these plans. CMSS is a simple decision support system developed by CSIRO (the national research organisation) which allows managers to assess the effects of Land Use and Land Management policies on nutrient loads. CMSS has been widely adopted by managers and community groups throughout eastern Australia and has been instrumental in drawing up many nutrient management plans. The program's success is attributed to its design features such as its simplicity of use, very low data demand, suitability for the specific institution task and the degree of documentation, training and support offered. In this paper the application of CMSS to the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment in New South Wales is used to illustrate features of the decision support system, and its relevance to policy formulation.
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Simpson, J. M. "Changing Community Attitudes to Potable Re-Use in South-East Queensland." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1999): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0575.
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The climate of Australia is characterised by extremes. Record floods interrupt record droughts at irregular intervals so that water is unevenly distributed. The traditional way of managing water resources by dam storages is no longer acceptable. Community consultation in SE Queensland has shown that a majority of people object to the disposal of sewage effluent into our environmentally sensitive waterways and favour re-use. The concept of potable re-use has largely been community driven and is now being seriously considered. An on-going information and awareness program is being implemented. The Queensland State Government is forming a Water Re-use Strategy and a policy on potable re-use, the support for which is increasing.
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Roder, David, Nicola Creighton, Deborah Baker, Richard Walton, Sanchia Aranda, and David Currow. "Changing roles of population-based cancer registries in Australia." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14250.
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Registries have key roles in cancer incidence, mortality and survival monitoring and in showing disparities across the population. Incidence monitoring began in New South Wales in 1972 and other jurisdictions soon followed. Registry data are used to evaluate outcomes of preventive, screening, treatment and support services. They have shown decreases in cancer incidence following interventions and have been used for workforce and other infrastructure planning. Crude markers of optimal radiotherapy and chemotherapy exist and registry data are used to show shortfalls against these markers. The data are also used to investigate cancer clusters and environmental concerns. Survival data are used to assess service performance and interval cancer data are used in screening accreditation. Registries enable determination of risk of multiple primary cancers. Clinical quality registries are used for clinical quality improvement. Population-based cancer registries and linked administrative data complement clinical registries by providing high-level system-wide data. The USA Commission on Cancer has long used registries for quality assurance and service accreditation. Increasingly population-based registry data in Australia are linked with administrative data on service delivery to assess system performance. Addition of tumour stage and other prognostic indicators is important for these analyses and is facilitated by the roll-out of structured pathology reporting. Data linkage with administrative data, following checks on the quality of these data, enables assessment of patterns of care and other performance indicators for health-system monitoring. Australian cancer registries have evolved and increasingly are contributing to broader information networks for health system management.
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Smith, David C., Elizabeth A. Fulton, Petrina Apfel, Ian D. Cresswell, Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Marcus Haward, Keith J. Sainsbury, Anthony D. M. Smith, Joanna Vince, and Tim M. Ward. "Implementing marine ecosystem-based management: lessons from Australia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 7 (July 12, 2017): 1990–2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx113.
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Abstract Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely accepted as the best means of managing the complex interactions in marine systems. However, progress towards implementing and operationalizing it has been slow. We take a pragmatic approach to EBM. Our simple definition is balancing human activities and environmental stewardship in a multiple-use context. In this paper, we present case studies on the development and implementation of EBM in Australia. The case studies (Australia’s Ocean Policy, the Great Barrier Reef, New South Wales (NSW) marine estate, Gladstone Harbour, and South Australia and Spencer Gulf) span different spatial scales, from national to regional to local. They also cover different levels of governance or legislated mandate. We identify the key learnings, necessary components and future needs to support better implementation. These include requirements for clearly identified needs and objectives, stakeholder ownership, well defined governance frameworks, and scientific tools to deal with conflicts and trade-offs. Without all these components, multi-sector management will be difficult and there will be a tendency to maintain a focus on single sectors. While the need to manage individual sectors remains important and is often challenging, this alone will not necessarily ensure sustainable management of marine systems confronted by increasing cumulative impacts.
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Bagheri, Nasser, Paul Konings, Kinley Wangdi, Anne Parkinson, Soumya Mazumdar, Elizabeth Sturgiss, Aparna Lal, Kirsty Douglas, and Nicholas Glasgow. "Identifying hotspots of type 2 diabetes risk using general practice data and geospatial analysis: an approach to inform policy and practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19043.
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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide and there is a need to identify communities with a high-risk profile and to develop appropriate primary care interventions. This study aimed to predict future T2D risk and identify community-level geographic variations using general practices data. The Australian T2D risk assessment (AUSDRISK) tool was used to calculate the individual T2D risk scores using 55693 clinical records from 16 general practices in west Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Spatial clusters and potential ‘hotspots’ of T2D risk were examined using Local Moran’s I and the Getis-Ord Gi* techniques. Further, the correlation between T2D risk and the socioeconomic status of communities were mapped. Individual risk scores were categorised into three groups: low risk (34.0% of participants), moderate risk (35.2% of participants) and high risk (30.8% of participants). Spatial analysis showed heterogeneity in T2D risk across communities, with significant clusters in the central part of the study area. These study results suggest that routinely collected data from general practices offer a rich source of data that may be a useful and efficient approach for identifying T2D hotspots across communities. Mapping aggregated T2D risk offers a novel approach to identifying areas of unmet need.
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Beckmann, Kerri, James Moore, David Wattchow, Graeme Young, and David Roder. "Short‐term outcomes after surgical resection for colorectal cancer in South Australia." Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 23, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jep.12612.
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